Front matter
THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, with some account of
Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest. With Maps.
2 vols, crown Svo, J4.00.
II Voyage of the Marquis de la Roche . . -35
Pontgrave and Chauvin secure a monopoly of the fur-trade . . . . . . . -36
De Chastes succeeds Chauvin . . . . 38
The early life of Champlain . . . . -39
Champlain in the West Indies .... 40
Champlain' s first voyage to Canada . . . .42
The disappearance of the Iroquois village of Hochelaga 42 The Iroquois displaced by the Algonquins . . 43
The Iroquois Confederacy ..... 46
Outlying tribes of Iroquois . . . . .48
Designs of the Sieur de Monts .... 49
Homeric quarrels ...... 50
Occupation of Acadia . . . . . 51
Founding of Port Royal, later Annapolis . . -52
Champlain explores the New England coast . . 52
A second exploration of the Massachusetts coast . '54
A picturesque welcome . . . . . 55
The Knightly Order of Good Times . . '57
Collapse of de Monts' monopoly . . . 58
Champlain turns his attention to Canada . . • 5^
The expedition of 1608 ..... 60
Quebec founded ....... 60
Treachery foiled . , . . . . 61
CONTENTS XI
The first winter at Quebec . . . . .62
Friendship with the Indians the condition of successful
exploration . . . . . . 63
This cojidition determines the subsequent French
Character of the Indians of Canada ... 64
Champlain allies himself to the Ottawas and Hurons . 64
A war party . . . . . . . 65
Consultation of departed heroes . . , • ^1
Lake Champlain . . . . . . 67
War dances ....... 68
The Mohawks panic-stricken by firearms • . 69 The first battle of Ticonderoga sows the seed of deadly
hostility between the French and the Iroquois . 70
III
THE LORDS OF ACADIA. LATER HISTORY OF CHAMPLAIN
Poutrincourt returns to Port Royal, 1610 . . . 72
Remoter consequences of the death of Henry IV. . 73
The far-reaching plans of the Jesuits . . -74
They secure an interest in Acadia . . . 75
Madame de Guercheville obtains from Louis XIII. a
grant of the coast from Acadia to Florida . . 76
La Saussaye in Frenchman's Bay . . . -76
The French captured by Argall . . . . 77
Argall's trick 78
Argall returns and burns Port Royal . . . 79
Champlain helps in the destruction of an attacking party
of Iroquois ....... 80
Beginnings of Montreal . . . . .81
The Count of Soissons and the Prince of Conde succeed
Monts 8 2
A traveller's tale ...... 82
Xll
Champlain among the Ottawas, 1613 . . • 83
Vignau's imposture discovered . . . , 85
Champlain returns from France with the RecoUets . 86
Le Caron reaches Lake Huron . . . . 86
The attack on the Iroquois . . . . -87
Champlain's military engines .... 88
Rivalry of interests . . . . . .89
The coming of the Jesuits . . . . . ' 89
The One Hundred Associates . . . .90
Religious uniformity . . . . . . 91
The capture of Quebec by the English . . .92
Champlain's last days . . . . . 92
James I. grants Acadia to Sir William Alexander . 93
Claude and Charles de la Tour .... 93
Legend of La Tour's fidelity to France . . '94
La Tour and D'Aunay ..... 94
Death of D'Aunay . . . . . .96
La Tour gives place to Sir Thomas Temple . . 96
IV Jean Nicollet . . . . . . .98
Nicollet explores Lake Michigan .... 99
Father Jogues near Lake Superior . . . . 1 00
Radisson and Groseilliers . . . . .101
Accession of Louis XIV. . . . . .101
His changes in Canadian administration. . . 102
Two expeditions against the Iroquois, 1666 . .102
Contrasts between New France and New England . 104
The French trading route to the Northwest . .105
The coureurs de bois . . . . .105
Father AUouez on the Wisconsin . . , .106
Xlll
The French take possession of the Northwest Father Allouez depicts the greatness of Louis XIV. Early Hfe of La Salle . . . . ,
La Salle comes to Canada ....
La Salle hears of the Ohio and resolves to explore it His expedition combined with a mission exploration
the Sulpicians ....
The way blocked by the Senecas Meeting with Joliet ....
La Salle parts from the Sulpicians La Salle explores the Ohio Frontenac succeeds Courcelles Character of Frontenac Joliet chosen to explore the Mississippi Marquette .....
Joliet and Marquette reach the Mississippi They pass the mouth of the Missouri The return ....
La Salle's great designs The Mississippi valley to be occupied Difficulty of carrying out so vast a plan La Salle's privileges arouse opposition Fort Frontenac granted to La Salle . La Salle builds the Griffin .
Henri de Tonty Louis Hennepin The voyage of the Griffin La Salle's terrible winter journey Fresh disasters ....
La Salle goes to rescue Tonty Destrucdon of the Illinois village by the Iroquois La Salle's winter voyage down the Mississippi La Salle returns to France .... Failure of the Mississippi expedition La Salle's death ....
of
1 1
1 1
17 '7 18
20 21 22
23 24 24 25 25 26 27 28 29
30 30 31 31 [32
XIV
Louis XIV. commutes the sentence of death imposed upon alleged witches ....
The parliament of Normandy protests
The belief in witchcraft universal
Vitality of the belief .....
Cause of the final decay of the belief .
Rise of physical science ....
An English witch trial before Sir Matthew Hale
Grotesque evidence .....
Indications of shamming ignored .
Sir Matthew Hale affirms the reality of witchcraft
Revival of witchcraft superstition
The Hammer of Witches ....
King James on the reality of witchcraft .
The delusion increases with the rise oi the Puritan party to power .......
Last executions for witchcraft ....
Primitive America regarded as a domain of the Devil
The first victim of the witchcraft delusion in New England ........
The case of Mrs. Hibbins
A victim of malice acting through superstition
A sensible jury .....
The Goodwin children ....
Cotton Mather .....
His character ......
His courage in advocating inoculation .
Views of Calef and Upham ....
Cotton Mather and the Goodwin case
Cotton Mather and the Goodwin girl .
33 34 35 36
37 38 38 39
'39
[41 142
'43
'43 [44
'44
145 .46
,48
'53
XV
Tests of bewitchment . . . . .
. 153
Mather publishes an account of this case
Cotton Mather's book and the Salem troubles
. 156
Gloomy outlook in 1692 .
. 156
Salem village ......
• 157
Samuel Parris, the pastor ....
Parish troubles in Salem village
. 158
Mr. Parris' s coloured servants
The " afflicted children " . . . .
. 159
Mistress Ann Putnam ....
Beginnings of the troubles . . . .
. 161
Physicians and clergymen called in
The trial of Sarah Good . . . .
. 162
The accusation of Martha Corey and Rebecca N urse 1 64
Character of Martha Corey . . . .
. 164
Rebecca Nurse .....
. 165
A village feud ......
. 165
The examination of Rebecca Nurse
Deodat Lawson ......
. 167
The spread of the delusion
. 167
Cases of personal malice . . . .
. 168
The Rev. George Burroughs
. 169
The special court erected . . . .
. 169
The advice of the ministers
Spectral evidence . . . . .
. 173
The jury acquit Rebecca Nurse .
The court sends them back . . . .
• 175
The case of Mary Easty ....
176, 177
Mary Easty torn from her home at midnight
. 178
Doubt perilous .....
. 178
Peine forte et dure . . . . .
. 179
The Rev. Mr. Noyes ....
The petition of Mary Easty . . . .
. 181
Her warning ......
Sudden collapse of the trials . . . .
. 183
Reaction follows the intense strain
. 184
XVI
The accusers aim too high Accusers threatened with a suit for damages , The Court of Oyer and Terminer abolished Cotton Mather .....
Explanation of Mather's speech Judge Sewall's public acknowledgment of wrong Ann Putnam's confession Were the accusers misled or shamming ? Evidences of collusion ....
Was there a deliberate conspiracy ? Contagion of hysterical emotion Psychology of hallucinations Playing with fire ....
The evils of publicity in the examinations Explanation of Mrs. Putnam's part She exercised hypnotic control over the children The case of Salem village helps one to realize the rors of the witchcraft delusion in the past .
195 196
VI The reaction from the witchcraft delusion . -197
Rise of secular opposition to the theocracy . 198, 199
The Halfway Covenant . . . . .200
The South Church . . . . . .201
The opposidon to the theocracy lays the foundation of Toryism . . . . . . .201
The new charter of Massachusetts . . . 202, 203
The Brattle Church founded 1698 . . . 204
Relaxation of conditions of membership . . . 204
Cotton Mather's alarm ..... 205
The theocracy helpless under the new charter . .206
The new church finally recognized . . .206
The effort to get a new charter for Harvard . .207
Governor Bellomont vetoes a test act for college officers 208 Rise of liberalism in the college .... 208 President Increase Mather displaced . . . 209
Cotton Mather's indignation .... 209 Governor Dudley . . • . . .210
The new charter for Harvard a substantial reenactment
Conditions in Connecticut . . . . .211
New Haven annexed to Connecticut . . . 212
Comparison of Massachusetts and Connecticut . .212
Causes of Connecticut conservatism . . . 213
The tendency in organizations to become rigid and
mechanical . . . . . . .213
The instance of the Cambridge Platform, 1 648 . .214
Lack of a party of opposition in Connecticut . . 215
The Saybrook Platform . . . . .216
The platform tends to assimilate Congregationalism to
Presbyterianism . . . . . .217
Massachusetts and Connecticut change places . .217
The founding of Yale College . . . . 218
The conservative tendencies of Connecticut reinforced
by the college . . . . . . .219
State of religion early in the eighteenth century . 220 Rise of commercial interests . . . . .221
•♦ Stoddardeanism " . . . . . .222
Jonathan Edwards . . . . . .222
Edwards's vein of mysticism . . . . 223
His emphasis on conversion ..... 224
George Whitefield invited to New England . . 226
Gilbert Tennent . . . . . .227
James Davenport . . . . . .227
Comparison with the Antinomians . • . . .228
XVI 11 CONTENTS
Whitefield's return to New England . . . 229
Davenport arrested for public disturbance . . .230
Last days of Edwards . . . . .231
Results of the Awakening . . . . -232
VII
The "irrepressible conflict" between France and England in America ...... 233
Acadia finally passes to England . . . .234
The French view of the limits of Acadia . . '234
The Abenaki tribes . . , . . .235
Sebastian Rale . . . . . . -236
The Norridgewock village . . . .236
The country between the Piscataqua and the Kennebec 237 The Indian view of selling land . . . -238
The Indians and the French . . . . 239
Conference between Governor Shute and the Indians 239 Baxter and Rale . . . . . . 239, 240
The Indians instigated to attack the English , . 241
Border warfare ......
Conflicts between the Governor and the Assembly Shute succeeded by Dummer Expeditions against the Indians . Extermination of the Norridgewock tribe . Captain Lovewell .....
Lovewell's fight .....
The death of Frye ..... 247
Louisburg .......
The project to capture Louisburg
The New England colonies undertake the attack
The naval force .....
The French surprised* .....
241 242
243 243 244 245
CONTENTS xix
The Grand Battery abandoned in panic . . 254
Capture of a French hne-of-battle ship . . '255
Louisburg surrendered June 17, 1745 . . .256
A relic of Louisburg . . . . . .256
VIII The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle . . . .258
The spread of the English westward • . . 259
The Scotch-Irish . . . . . -259
The pioneers pass the Alleghanies . . . 260
This advance of the English a menace to the French 261 The French influence with the Indians declines . 261
The founding of Oswego . . . . . 262
Sir William Johnson . ..... 263
English traders in the Ohio valley . . . 264
Celoron takes possession of the Ohio valley for Louis XV.,
1749 265
Celoron among the Miamis .... 266
The Miamis under English influence . . . 267
The French destroy the Miami trading village . 267
The Marquis Duquesne . . . . .268
The French expedition of 1753. . . . 268
The Indians between two fires . . . .269
A chance meeting ...... 270
Major George Washington sent to warn the French . 270 The French boast of their plans . . . . 271
Governor Dinwiddle resolves to occupy the Gateway of the West . . . . . .272
Duquesne anticipates the English . . . .272
The Virginia expedition to Fort Duquesne . . 273
Washington surprises a French force . . -274
Fort Necessity . . . . . .275
XX
The battle of Fort Necessity .....
The English retreat ......
NiggardUness of the Provincial Assemblies
The defence of the colonies dependent on the governors
The need of a union of the colonies
The Albany Congress .....
Franklin's plan of union rejected ....
England and France send troops to America, 1755 Capture of two French ships .....
General Braddock ....
Indian mode of fighting
English regulars ill prepared for such tactics
Braddock's difficulties ....
Braddock should have landed at Philadelphia The march .....
A detachment sent on in advance Beaujeu sets out to waylay the English Braddock's precautions
The battle
The English fall before unseen foes
Bravery of Braddock and Washington
Braddock's death ....
Dunbar's culpable retreat . . ." . 292,
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