The history of the civil war in the United States: its cause, origin, progress and conclusion

Front matter

o

9,

N^

Introduction

Origin of the Southern Rebellion — Classification of its several causes — The Act of 1816 respecting a tariff — Agency of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams^ Position of John C. Calhoun — He first conceives his project of Nullification^ His memorial to Governor Hamilton — The operation of a High Tariff — The Legislature of South Carolina — Outbreak of the Nullification movement — Vigorous measures of President Jackson — Mr. Calhoun in the United States Senate — A memorable debate — Final settlement of the difficulty — American slavery — Its origin — The proposition of Thomas Jefferson — Slavery in the Territories — The Compact of 1787 — Compromise of Henry Clay — Annexation of Texas — The Wilmot proviso — Compromise of 1850 — Slavery in Kansas — Rise of the Republican Party — Its principles and policy — Administration of James Buchanan — Treason in the Federal Cabinet — Preliminary operations of the Conspirators — Policy of Mr. Buchanan respecting Secession — Presidential Campaign of 1860 — Election of Mr. Lincoln — The doctrine of State Sovereignty as opposed to Federal centralization — Discussion of the subject 33

Chapter I

Effect of Mr. Lincoln's election in the South — Political movements in South Carolina and Georgia — Excitement in Charleston — Preliminary acts and events ■ — Resignation of Federal officers — Election of members to the State Convention — Opponents of Secession — Alexander H. Stephens — Federal property seized in Charleston — Conventions summoned in Georgia and Alabama — Assembling of the Convention of South Carolina — The first act of Secession from the Union passed — A pathetic statement of grievances — Secession logic — Reflections on the result — Popular feelings at this time in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida — Levity and recklessness of the Secession leaders ^"3

CHAPTER IL

Treasonable Proclamation of Governor Pickens — Resignation of the Representatives of South Carolina in Congress — The Crittenden propositions of Compromise — Their provisions — Scramble for Federal property — Commissioners of South Carolina to the Federal Government — Major Anderson — The removal of his command to Fort Sumter — Mr. Secretary Floyd — His resignation — Demeanor of the Rebel Commissioners at Washington — The Convention of the Slaveholding States — Important events at Savannah — Secession of Mississippi — -Pernicious influence of Jefferson Davis — Resignation of his seat in the United States Senate — The secession of Alabama — Of Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas 68

a)

CONTENTS.

Chapter III

Various efforts made for compromise and settlement — Conciliatory meetings held in the Northern States — Their ultimate failure — Apostacy of Alexander H. Stephens — Resignation of the Southern Representatives in the Federal Congress — The Rebel Congress convened at Montgomery — Its organization — Adoption of a Provisional Constitution — The organization of the Southern Confederacy — Jefferson Davis elected President — A. H. Stephens chosen Vice President — Prophecies of Senator Wigfall — Biographical sketches of Jefferson Davis, of Stephens, of the Cabinet Ministers of the Southern Confederacy, Memminger, Toombs, Mallory. Walker, Benjamin — The personal qualities and characteristics of these officers 75

Chapter IV

Assembling of the Peace Congress at Washington — Their proposals of compromise — Their rejection and failure — Attitude of President Buchanan — Public sentiment respecting Fort Sumter — Mi.ssion of the " Star of the West" — Final establishiitent of the Confederate Government at Montgomery — Inauguration of Jefferson Davis as President— His address — Inauguration of President Lincoln — His address — His Cabinet Officers — The famous oration of A. H. Stephens at Savannah — Its historical importance — His first position — He refutes •Tefferson, Hamiltop, and Madison — His second position — The foundation stone of the Southern Confederacy— Absurdity and fallacy of that foundation- — The future condition and destiny of the negro race 83

Chapter V

The mission of Mr. Yancey and his associates to Europe — Their representations to the French and English people — Events at Charleston — The Rebel Commissioners at Washington — Their absurd deportment — General Beauregard demands the surrender of Fort Sumter — Major Anderson respectfully declines — Preparations for the bombardment of the fort — .Size and strength of the works — Sketch of Major Anderson— .Sketch of General Beauregard — Commencement of the bombardment — Heroism of the garrison — Incidents of the first day's attack — Events of the ensuing night — The continuance of the bombardment during the next day — Sufferings of the garrison — Kx-Scnator Wigfall — A deputation from General Beauregard — Propositions of surrender — They are accepted by Major Anderson — Exultation of the Rebels — Why the garrison was not reinforced — Proclamation of Governor Letcher — Proclamation of President Lincoln 89

Chapter VI

Enthusiasm of the Rebel States — Projected conquest of Washington — Proofs that it was contemplated — Why it was not accompli.shcd — Seventy-five thousand Federal troops ordered out — Davis issues letters of marque and reprisal— Proclamation of Governor Letcher— Secession of Virginia — Blockade of the Southern ports — Aspect of the loyal States — First in the field — The attack on Federal troops in Baltimore — Fury of the Rebel mob — Results of the attack —

Its infamy — The Federal Forts are garrisoned — Secession of Missouri — Rapid inarch of Federal troops to Washington— The Chicago Zouaves— The gallant ' Ellsworth— Origin of the term Zouave— History of the French Zouaves in Algeria, in the Crimea, in Italy — Their peculiar characteristics — American Zouaves 98

Chapter VII

The Secession of Tennessee — Parson Brownlow — Declaration of War by the Confederate Congress— Skirmish near St. Louis — Secession element in Baltimore — .Fort McHenry — Secession of North Carolina — Adjournment of the Rebel Congress to convene at Richmond — Assembly of Federal troops at AVashington — The occupation of Alexandria — Assassination of Colonel Ellsworth — Sketch of his career — His life in Chicago— Famous tour of the Chicago Zouaves — Ellsworth's military tastes and talents — His personal appearance and characteristics — His peculiarities as a speaker — He organizes the New York Fire Zouaves — His death a loss to the cause of the Union — General Robert Patterson's campaign m Virginia — Crossing the Potomac at Williainsport — Battle of Falling Waters — Pursuit of the enemy to Hainsville — To Martinsburg — The march to Bunker Hill — To Charlestown — Occupation of Harper's Ferry — Results of the Campaign '. 106

Chapter VIII

The encounters with the Rebel troops at Fairfax Court House, at Aquia Creek, at Romney, at Phillippi — Gallantry of Colonel Kelley — Battle of Great Bethel — Causes of the disaster — General Pierce — Death of Lieutenant Greble — Sketch of his career — Union sentiment in W^estern Virginia — The new State of West Virginia — Harper's Ferry devastated by the Rebels — The Ohio troops fired on near Vienna — Results of the attack — Operations of General McClellan in Western Virginia — His admirable plans — The Battle of Rich Mountain — General Garnett — Colonel Rosecrans — Results of the engagement — Sketch of General McClellan — His conduct during the Mexican War — His reconnoissance of the Cascade Mouiitnins — His secret mission to the West Indies — His journey to the Crimea — His olficial report as commissioner — His subsequent movements — He becom^es Commander of the Department of Ohio 115

Chapter IX

The extraordinary Session of Congress in July, 1861 — Message of President Lincoln — Its characteristics — Its demands — Sketch of Thaddeus Stevens — His political career — His personal qualities — His action as chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means — Important bills passed by Congress — Opposition of Messrs Vallandigham and Burnett to the policy of the Administration — The civil war in Missouri — The Grand Army equipped at Washington — Complaints of its prolonged inactivity — Order given to General McDowell to advance toward Manassas — Arrangement of the Army — The advance reach Bull Run — The preliminary conflict at that place — Repulse of General Tyler's division — Position of the Rebel Army at Manassas — General Beauregard — The impending contest — Temper of the Rebel tronjis — The arts employed to inflame them

Chapter X

The Federal Army at Centreville — General McDowell's plan of attack — The Divisions of Generals Tyler, Hunter and Heintzelman — Their several duties — The March from Centreville — Interesting spectacle — General Tyler first reaches the Battlc-Beld — He commences the engagement Movements of Generals Hunter and Heintzelman — The gallant Sixty-ninth New York — The engagement becomes general — Vigorous cannonading — The Rebels gradually overpowered — The Federals victorious at mid-day — Rebel admissions to that effect — General Johnston's troops from Winchester arrive on the battle-field — They reverse the tide of victory — Sudden panic in the Federal Army — A general retreat ensues — Incidents of the flight — Individual instances of heroism — Results of the battle — Failure of the Rebel commanders to improve their victory — Ultimate consequences 131

CHAPTER XL

The impression produced on the public by the Battle of Manassas — Various causes of the Federal defeat — The preceding march — Inferiority of numbers — Effect of masked batteries — Incompetent or inexperienced officers — Remote position of the Reserves — Pernicious presence of spectators — The coup-degrace — Arrival of General Johnston's troops on the field — Immense losses of the Rebel Army — Was the defeat in reality a misfortune to the Union — Its immediate effects — Its influence on the Army — Its influence on the Administration — It became the means of averting greater calamities — It was the cause of subsequent successes to the Federal forces 140

Chapter XII

Increased energy of the Federal Government — Events in Missouri — Important battle at Carthage — Retrograde movement of General Lyon to Springfield — Pursuit of the Rebels under Generals McCullough and Price — Condition of their Army — Reasons why General Lyon engaged the enemy^The great Battle of Wilson's Creek — Disposition of the Federal forces — Temporary success of the Rebels — Incidents of the contest— Heroism of General Lyon — His last effort against the enemy — Its success — General Lyon's death — Discomfiture of Colonel Sigel — Results of the Battle — Sketch of General Lyon— His rare merits — General Fremont made Commandant of the Department of Missouri — His policy and measures — His Anti-Slavery Proclamation — It is modified by President Lincoln — The war against Secession not a war against Slavery 147

CHAPTER XIIL

The Federal expeditions against the Rebel forts at Hatteras — The forces appropriated to this enterprise — Importance of Hatteras and its possession — Sailing of the expedition — The bombardment — The surrender of the forts— Commodore Barron — Commodore Stringhnm — Sketch of his career — Results of the victory at Hatteras — Operations of Rosecrans in Western Virginia — Battle at Carnifex Ferry — Defeat and flight of Floyd — Results of the victory — Events in Missouri — Colonel Mulligan's forces at Lexington— lie is attacked by General

CONTENTS. U

Price — Incidents of the Battle of Lexington — Surrender of Colonel Mulligan — Sketch of his career — Battle on Bolivar Heights — Sketch of its hero, Colonel Geary — The Battle of Ball's Bluff— General Stone— Apprehensions of Colonel Baker — Incidents of the engagement — Defeat and rout of the Federal troops — Death of Colonel Baker — National sorrow at his fate — Sketch of his remarkable career — Results of the disaster at Ball's Bluff ISo

Chapter XIV

Peculiarities of the war against Secession — Federal expedition under Commodore Dupont and General Sherman — Its departure from Annapolis — Its destination ^Terrible storm near Cape Hatteras — The expedition reaches Port Royal — Rebel forts on Bay Point and Hilton Head — Their bombardment — Their strength — Incidents of the attack — Surrender of the forts — Results of the engagement — Sketch of its hero, Commodore Dupont — Naval disaster below New Orleans — Captain John Pope — Events in Missouri — Bold achievement of Colonel Zagonyi near Springfield — The battle of Belmont — General U. S. Grant — Incidents of the engagement at Belmont — Its results — Dismissal of General Fremont from his Department of the West — Causes of his removal — His admirable demeanor on this occasion — His subsequent appointment as commander of the Mountain Department of Virginia and Tennessee 165

Chapter XV

European recognition of the Southern Confederacy — Efforts made to obtain it — Mission of Messrs. Mason and Slidell — Their arrest on board the Trent — Legality of that arrest — The British Government demand them — They are surrendered — Reasons of their surrender — Diplomatic note of Mr. Seward on the subject — Argument of Mr. Sumner in the Senate — The battle of Dranesville — Incidents of the engagement — Its results — General McCall — Sketch of his career — Dismissal of Mr. Cameron from the Federal Cabinet — The war in Kentucky — The batile of Mill Springs — Incidents of the conflict — Bayonet charge of the ninth Ohio regiment — Defeat of the Rebels — Death of General Feliz Zollicoffer — His character — Results of the battle of Mill Springs — Subsequent flight and dispersion of the Rebel troops 173

Chapter XVI

The Burnside expedition — Its strength and secret destination — Its departure from Annapolis — It reaches Fortress Monroe — Another gale off Cape Hatteras — Its resiilts — Loss of the steamer City of New York — Heroism of General Burnside — The expedition enters Pamlico Sound — It steers for Roanoke Island — Rebel works erected on that Island — The Federal troops disembark — Plan of the attack — Incidents of the engagement — The final charge — Defeat and flight of the Rebels — Capture of their forts — Their strength — Results of the victory — Death of Colonel De Montreuil — Sketch of General Burnside — Attack on Fort Henry — Strength of the fort — Number of the Federal gunboats — Incidents of the bombardment — Surrender of the Rebel works — Trophies of the victory — Loss on both sides — Skill and heroi.sm of Commodore Foote — Sketch of his. career — Further operations of the Burnside expedition 181

CHAPTER XVIT.

Position and strength of Foit Donelson — General Grant and Flanr-Officcr Foote prepare to attack it — Commenpcment of their operations — Repulse of the gunboats — The assaiilt from the iand side — Incidents of tlie bomliardmeiit — Proposition of General Buckner to surrender — Tlie flight of (ienerals Floyd and Pillow — The capitulation of the fort — Results and trophies of the conquest — Sketch of Ulysses S. Grant- — Sketch of General Charles Ferguson Smith — General Lander's attack on the Rebels at Bloomery Gap — Its results — Sketch of General Lander — Re-election of Jefferson I>avis as President of the Soutliern Confederacy — His Inaugural Address — Occupation of Columbus, Kentucky, by Federal troops — Desertion of Nashville by the Rebel forces — Unexpected attack and success of the Rebel battering ram Merrimac — Incidents of the engagement — Opportune arrival of the Monitor in Hampton Roads — Battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac 190

Chapter XVIII

Battle of Pea Ridge in Arkansas — General Curtis — Attack of the Rebels on the rear of the Federal Army — Gallantry of General Sigel — Continuance of the battle on the second day — Incidents of the contest — It is renewed upon the third day — Complete rout of the Rebels — Results of the victory — Sketches of Generals Curtis and Sigcl — President Lincoln's orders to the Federal Armies to move on the twenty-second of February— General McClellan's address to the Army of the Potomac — Sudden evacuation of Manassas by the Rebels — Movement of Federal troops — Bombardment of Island Number Ten — Incidents of the contest — Reduction of the Rebel works — Oi)crations of General Pope- — Artificial channel cut through .James Bayou — (General Pope attacks the Rebels at Tiptonville — Consequences of the capture of Island Nunil)er Ten — Sketcli of General Pope — General Burn.side attacks Newborn — Tlie Rebels surrender — Consequences of this victory 201

Chapter XIX

Movements of the Army of the Potomac^Its subdivisions — The battle of Winchester — Incidents of the battle — Its results — The killed and wounded — Sketch of General Shields — Concentration of tlie Rebel troops nearCorinth — Approach of the Federal Army under General (irant — Disposition of the Rebel Army — Commencement of the battle of Pittsburg Lauding or Shiloh — Attack and capture of General Prentiss's troops — Kti'orts of (jeuerals Sherman and Mc- Clcrnand — The engagement becomes general — Desperate fighting on both sides — Gradual repulse and retreat of the Federal Army — Terrific scenes — Interposition of the Federal gunboats — End of the first day's battle — Arrival of General Buell — Disposition of troops during the ensuing night — The second day's conflict — Incidents of this day — Skill and energy of General Buell — The tide of victory is gradually reversed — Ultimate defeat of the Rebels — Tlieir retreat to Corinth— Sketch of General Buell— Results of the battle of Shiloh..., 212

Chapter XX

The Federal Army under General McClellan approach Yorktown — Collision on Howard Creek — Attack on detached Rebel intrenchments — Establishment of the Federal camp, and erection of Federal batteries — Preparations for a great conflict at Yorktown — Brilliant operations of General Mitchell in Alabama — Results of his rapid movements — Sketch of General Mitchell — Events in Georgia — Capture of Fort Pulaski — Strength of the Rebel works — Incidents of the bombardment of that Fort — Results of the capture — The conquest of New Orleans— Federal armament under Commodore Farragut — Bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip— An engagement of six days — Reduction of these Forts — Impression produced by it in New Orleans — The Federal fleet approach that city — The Rebel troops evacuate it — The summons to surrender — Impertinence of Mayor Monroe — New Orleans occupied by Federal troops — Sketch of Commodore Farragut — The bombardment of Fort Macon — -Incidents of the assault — Strength of that Fort — Results of its capture by the Federal troops. . 223

Chapter XXI

Operations of General McClellan at Yorktown— Battle of Lee's Mill — Disaster and retreat of the Federal troops — Evacuation of Yorktown by the Rebels — Motives of that movement — Pursuit by the Federals — Engagement between cavalry near Williamsburg — Second conflict near Williamsburg — Incidents of the battle — General Hooker's division — Brilliant charge of General Hancock — Federal victory — Sketch of General Hancock — Battle at West Point — Incidents of the contest — ESiciency of the Federal artillery — Rout of the Rebels — Bombardment of Sewell's Point — Its results — Expedition of General Wool against Norfolk — Its surrender — Operations of General Fremont in the Mountain Department — McDowell's division at Fredericksburg — Rout of Colonel Morgan in Tennessee — Incidents of the chase — Bombardment of Fort Wright commenced — Engagement of the Federal gunboats at Fort Darling, on James River — Its Incidents and results — Steady advance of McClellan's Army toward Richmond — It crosses the Chickahominy — Various skirmishes — Decisive engagement anticipated — General Hunter's Abolition Proclamation — President Lincoln's policy respecting it 233

Chapter XXII

The Corps d'Armee of General Banks — Imprudent reduction of its numbers — The Rebels imder Jackson attack the advance at Front Royal — Design of the Rebels to overpower Bank's division — The latter orders a general retreat toward Winchester — Various engagements on the route — Battle of Middletown — Action on the march to Winchester— Battle at Newtown— The battle of Winchester- Its results — Continuance of the retreat to WiUiamsport — Adventures of the Zouave d'Afrique — Federal losses during the retreat — Sketch of General Banks — Attitude of the Federal and Rebel Armies at Corinth — A great battle anticipated — Commencement of the attack by General Halleck — Its results — Evacuation of Corinth by the Rebels — Causes of this event — An extraordinary spectacle — Pursuit of the retreating foe — A reconnoissance on the Chickahominy — Skirmish at the Pines — The Battle of Hanover Court House — Destruction of the Richmond and Fredericksbui-g Railroad — Gallant exploit of Lieutenant Davis 244

Chapter XXIII

Approach of the Fedeial Army to Richmond — The corps of General Keyes cross the Chickahominy — Their exposed position — Hostile purpose of the Rebel leaders — The battle of Seven Pines — Position of the Federal troops — Commencement of the attack — Disposition of troops made by General Casey — Incidents of the battle — Roxit of Casey's division — General Couch's troops become engaged — Desperate fighting — Victory of the Rebels — The Federals reinforced — The engagement of June 1st, General Heintzelman in chief command — Incidents of this battle — Heroism of the Irish regiments and of Sickles' Excelsior Brigade — The victory of Fair Oaks — Its results — Popular impatience for the occupation of Richmond — Rebel forces in the Valley of the Shenandoah — Their brief occupation of it — General Fremont ordered to expel them — They abandon 'Winchester — Their retreat through Strusburgand Woodstock — Battle of Cross Keys — Gallantry of theBucktails — Results of the engagement — Battle of Port Republic — Incidents of this engagement — Its results — Retreat of General Jackson toward Richmond — Appointment of General Pope as Commander of the Department — Withdrawal of General Fremont — His military achievements — His true renown 256

Chapter XXIV

Prominence of the Mississippi River in the events of the war — Fleet of gunboats commanded by Commodore Davis — Evacuation of Fort Pillow — The naval battle before Memphis — Relative strength of the combatants — Incidents of the engagement — Defeat of the Rebel Fleet — Colonel Ellet — Results of the victory — Genoral Neglcy's expedition against Chattanooga — Colonel Hambright — Incidents of the expedition — Its results — General Morgan expels the Rebels from Cmnberland Gap — Disaster to the Federal Arms at James Island — Description of the Rebel works — Arrangements for the attack — Incidents of the engagement — Ultimate defeat of the Federal troops — Their retreat — Federal loss — Gallantry of the Rebel Commander Lamar — Expedition of Colonel Fitch up the White River— The engagement at St. Charles — Horrible accident to the Mound City — • Execrable cruelty of Captain Fry — Capture of the Rebel Forts — Final success of the expedition — Excursion of Colonel Howard from Newborn to Swift Creek — Its results — Bombardment of Vicksburg commenced — Perilous passage of Commodore Farragut's fleet — New Channel of the Mississippi 268

Chapter XXV

The intrenchments of the Federal Army before Richmond — Their extent — Inactivity of the Federal forces — Concentration of Rebel troops in Richmond — Glowing expectations of the loyal community — Their Disappointment — The transfer of McClellan's base of supplies and operations to Harrison's Landing — First attack of the Rebels on his troops at Mechanicsville — Incidents of the battle — Comraencemcntof the march toward the James River — Battle of Gaines' Mills — Desperate Fighting — Heroism and valor on both sides — Vicissitudes of the struggle — The retreat continued toward James River — Disposal of the sick and woimded — Pertinacious pursuit by the Rebels — Singular caravan of wagons, cattle, and fugitives— Battle of Peach Orchard — Its results — Battle at Savage's Station — Resolute assaults of Ihc enemy — Appalling scenes — Important results — ^The race to White Oak Swamp — The Federal troops win the race 280

Chapter XXVI

The Battle of White Oak Swamp — Position and order of the Federal troops — Temporary panic — Desperate fighting — Fortunate assistance of the gunboats on the James River — Heroism and skill of General Heintzelman — A general bayonet charge on the Rebels — Its result — First engagement at Malvern Hills — Incidents of the fight — The Irish Brigade — Complete defeat of the Rebels — The Federal Army removes to Harrison's Landing — Results of the several Battles before Richmond — ^ Artillery duel on the James River — General Hooker sent to reconnoitre and occupy Malvern Hill — The march thither — Engagement with the enemy — Their defeat — Immense reinforcements ordered from Richmond — Return of the Federal troops to Harrison's Landing — Final evacuation of their camp by the Federal Army — Its future destination — Federal losses during the Peninsula Campaign 291

Chapter XXVII

Return of the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula — Spirit and purpose of the Federal Government — Appointment of General Halleck as Commander-in- Chief of land forces — Operations of General Pope — Messages of President Lincoln in favor of emancipation of the slaves and confiscation of the property of Rebels — Reconnoissance of General King to Beaver Dam — Battle of Bayou Cache, in Arkansas — Engagement on the Mississippi with the ram Arkansas — Boldness and determination of the Rebels — Engagement near Memphis, Mississippi — Operations of the Rebel John Morgan in Kentucky — Contest at Cynthiana — Morgan abandons Kentucky — Additional Anti-Slavery Message of Mr. Lincoln—Expeditions sent from Newbern to Trenton and Pollocksville — Their results — Attack made on the Arkansas by Colonel Ellet — Incidents of the engagement — Defeat of the Queen of the West — Causes of the disaster — Creation of new grades in the Federal Navy — President Lincoln orders a draft of three hundred thousand men 299

Chapter XXVIII

Designs of the Rebel Generals in Virginia — Measures taken to counteract them — The Armies of Banks and Jackson approach each other — Battle of Cedar or Slaughter Mountain — Position of the combatants — Commencement of the engagement — Incidents of its progress — Its termination and results — Loss on both sides— Heroism of General Banks— Subsequent movements of the Rebels — Skirmishes along the line of the Rappahannock — Designs of the Rebel Generals — Arrangements of General Pope — Engagement at Catlett's Station — Federal loss of baggage and stores — The Rebels cross the Rappahannock — Battle with the troops of General Sigel — Approach of Rebels toward Manassas — Conflict at Kettle Run — At Bristow's Station — The great Battle at Manassas on August 29th — Incidents of the struggle — Engagement renewed on the 30th — Its incidents and results— Retreat of the Federal Army- Battle of Chantilly— Death of Generals Kearney and Stevens— Return of the Federal Army to Washington — Losses during the campaign of General Pope in Virginia— Sketches of Generals Kearny and Stevens— A Court-Martial summoned at Washington to investigate charges against General Porter — Its verdict 312

Chapter XXIX

Battle of Baton Rouge — Situation of the place — Federal troops posted there — Movements of General Breckinridge — Incidents of the engagement — Death of General Williams — Assistance of the Federal gunboats — Final defeat and repulse of the Rebels — The Rebel ram Arkansas — Its destruction — Indian murders and devastations in Minnesota — Causes which led to them — Incidents coiipccted with them — Their suppression and punishment — General Sibley — Battle fought near Richmond, Kentucky — Federal troops engaged — Federal advantage — Federal repulse — Union troops are re-formed in line of battle three times — General Nelson — Federal losses — Battle at Tazewell — Expedition of Colonel EUet on the Mississippi and up the Yazoo — Capture of the transport Pair Play — Results of the expedition — Battle near Denmark, Tennessee — Incidents of the engagement — Heroism of Captain Frisbic — Federal victory — Apprehensions of an invasion of Ohio by the Rebels — Proclamation of (Governor Tod — Preparations made to receive the enemy — General Lewis AVallace — Retreat of the Rebels — Termination of the popular excitement — Summary of unimportant events in August, 1862 325

Chapter XXX

The Battle of Sovith Jlountain — Position of the combatants — Troops of General Reno— Incidents of the engagement — Heroism of General Hooker — Victory of the Federal Army — Retreat of the Rebels — Death of General Reno— Sketch of his career — Attack of the Rebels on Harper's Ferry — Forces commanded by Colonel Miles — Incidents of the bombardment — Surrender of llie works to the enemy — Death of Colonel Miles — Retreat of the Rebels toward the Potomac — The great Battle of Antietam — Positions assigned the Federal forces — Desperate fighting of Hooker's division — Incidents of the battle on the riglit wing — Operations of Burnside on the left — Events in the Federal centre — Conclusion of the engagement — Retreat of the Rebel Army across the Potomac — Sketches of Generals Hooker and Sumner — Battle at Mumfordville, Kentucky — Its results — Federal troops engaged — Battle at "Washington, North Carolina — The Rel)els defeated — Explosion of the gunboat Picket — Civil aspects of the war — President Lincoln's Proclamation of September 22d, 1862 — Its contents — Its influence upon Slavery and upon the Rebel Government — Mr. Lincoln suspends the Habeas Corpus Act, on September 24th, 1862 338