The story of a great nation. Or, Our country's achievements, military, naval, political, and civil

Front matter

Class _E-J!18_ Book_'2L5lL Gopight)^"

COfVRICHT DEPOSIT.

THE STORY

Preface

To present the gi-eat facts of our country's history in an attractive and readable form has been the object of this worJi. That the History of the United States is not more generally read arises from the fact that the works which ordinary readers find are overloaded with details and interrupted by tedious disquisitions. Others seem written from a sectional, political, or other stand-point, and the wi-iter'a prejudices are thrust before the reader at every page.

The author has aimed to give the narrative clearness and simplicity, to be impartial, giving each part of the country an equal importance, and equal justice; and in the treatment of events, giving importance only to such as deserve it, in* view of their bearing on the whole country.

A History of the United States for the general public should be one to be read with equal interest in every State, by persons of every age. It should be as clear as the crystal waters of our purest streams, as solid and impartial as the great mountains that receive serenely the sunshine and the storm, and look calmly down on the quiet plain and the thunderous cataract.

This volume may not fulfil all that is aimed at or desired, but it can claim to have made a step in the proper direction towards atfbrd ing a History of our country, readable, impartial, and accurate.

J. G. !i

New York, Avgust 1, 1886.

Introduction

The Spirit of Discovery awakened in Europe — The gi-eat advantage of the Crusades to Ti-ade — Missionaries and Merchants — What was known of the Atlantic Ocean — Tlie wonderfid Island of St. Brendan — Iceland and Greenland — Discoveries on the Coast of Africa — The Madeira Islands — Italy the School of Geog-raphy 101

Chapter I

The early Life of Christopher Columbus — His fii-st Voyages — Terrible Naval Eugagempnt near Lisbon — His wonderful Escape — His scheme of crossing the Atlantic — Grenoa, Venice, and Portugal refiise to aid him — Home in Genoa — At Palos — Father Marchena and the Convent of Santa Maria de la Eabida-^He starts for the Court of Fei-dinand and Isabella Ill

Chapter II

Position of the Spanish Kingdoms — Columbus at Court — His Plan rejected — Employed by Queen Isabella — Returns to Palos m order to go to France — Padre Marchena again— Queen Isabella resolves to send him out — The little Fleet fitted out at Palos — Tlie Portuguese endeavor to defeat his Voyage — Tlie open Sea- Alarm of Sailors — Land 1 — He takes Possession in tlie Name of Isabella — Voyage Home — The Portuguese again — Eutei-s Lisbon — Received by the King — At Palas — Pinzon and Columbus — The Discoverer proceeds to Court to announce his success 1J7

CONTENTS.

Chapter III

Columbus is solemnly i-eceived by Ferdinand and Isabella at Barcelona — His second Voyage — Other Nations enter the Field of Discovery — Voyages of Cabot and Vesputius — The Name of the latter gives a Title to the New World —Columbus sails on his thml Voyage — His Enemies — Bobadilla — Columbus arrested and sent to Spain in irons — His f om-th Voyage — He beholds the Destruction of his Enemies by the Hand of Providence — Reaches the Coast of North America — Eetm-ns to Spain — Dies at VaUadohd — Sti-ange Migi-ations of his Body — His Tomb at Havana 125

Chapter IV

Attempts to conquer and colonize — The Frencli — The Spaniards — Ponce de Leon and the Fountain of Youth — Vasquez de Ayllon and King Datha — Verrazano and the stories about him — Gomez — The Expechtion of Pamphilo de Narvaez — "Wonderful escape of Cabeza de Vaca — De Soto and the disastrous end of his splendid Expedition — The French, under Cartier and Roberval, attempt to settle Canada — Story of Margaret Eoberval 141

Chapter V. France, Spain, And England Attempt To Settle Our Shores

Coliguy i-esolves to establish a Huguenot colony in Floi'ida — Ribaut estabUshes Chai'lesfort on Port Royal — Captain Albert de la Pien-ia — Mutiny — The Survivors saved by the English — Laudonniere builds Fort Caroline on the St. John's, Florida — A Revolt — Some turn Pu*ates — Relieved hi Distress by Hawkins — Ribaut arrives — The Spaniards resolve to crush the Colony — Melendez sent out — The Fleets meet at Caroline — Melendez retu-es and builds St. Augustine — Ribaut pursumg him wrecked — Melendez takes Caroline — His Cruelty — Inhuman Treatment of the Wrecked — The Massacre of the French avenged by Dominic de Gourgues — Subsequent History of Florida — Raleigh and his Efforts — Tobacco and Potatoes — A Settlement finally made at Jamestown 166

<:iHAPTER VI.

Permanent Settlements of England and France — Virginia settled at Jamestown — Early Visits of the Spaniards to the Chesapeake — Powhatan's Ti-ibe — Captain John Smith — Argall — Pocahontas, her Marriage and Death — First Legislatui-e in America — What Jamestown resembled — Opechancanough's War and Massacre — The Company suppressed — Virginia a Royal Colony — The People — Spain settles New Mexico— The French in Acadia — Jesuits in Mame— Romance of La Tour — Madame La Tour — Wars with New England — Acadia conquered, becomes Nova Scotia — Quebec founded by Champlain — His Adventiu'oiis Career— Character of the Colony — Wars with the Iroquois — Pieskaret — Montreal — Lambert Closse, the Indian Fighter— The French at Onondaga 168

CONTENTS. VU

CHAPTEH VII.

New Netlierland — Hudson's Discovery — Christiaensen — Valentine and Orson — Block builds the "Onrust," the first New York vessel — New York and Albany Settled— Treaty of Tawasentha — Dutch West India Company — Piu'chase of New York Island — The New Netherland — Indian Troubles — Captain Uuderhill and the Battle of Strickland's Plain— The Swedes on the Delaware— They are reduced by Stuyvesant — Troubles with New England— New Netherland taken by the English 195

CHAPTER VIII.

The Settlement of New England— The PUgrim Fathers— Landing at Pljonouth Rock— JlUes Standish — Massachusetts Bay— New Hampshu-e — Roger WiUiams and ^L■s. Hutchinson — Pi-ovidence Plantations and Rhode Island Founded — Settlement of Hai-tford and New Haven— The United Colonies— The Pequod War— John Eliot, the Apostle of the Indians —Persecution of the Quakei-s — Settlement of Maiyland — Toleration — Indian Relations — Civil War 205

CHAPTER IX.

The Indian Tribes — Their Divisions— Their Complexion— Habits — Dress — Houses and Mode of Life — Their Wars— Religion — No Domestic Animals — Their Care of the Dead — Hieroglyphics — The Mound Buildei-s 328

Part II

THE COLONIES FROM THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. TO THE REIGN OB- GEORGE III.

Chapter I

The English Kings and Pai-liament begui to take part in American Affairs — Greneral View of the Country — Reign of Charles II. — Connecticut and Rhode Island receive Charters — Philip's Indian War — New York — Penn founds Pennsylvania — Carolina founded— Virginia and Maryland 336

Chapter II

Reign of James II. — James projects a Union of the Colonies — New York invaded — Connecticut and the Charter Oak — Indian Troubles in Maine — Fall of James — Reign of William HI. — Andi-os seized — Old Governments resumed in New England — William neglects America — Sad Condition of New York — Leisler — Indian Wars — Waldron — Lachine — Schenectady — Salmon Falls — Casco — Phips faUs to take Quebec — WUham sends a Governor to New York — Leisler refuses to submit — Taken — Hanged — New Charter for Massachu-setts — The Witch Ti'ials — Captain Kidd 266

TUl

CONTENTS.

Chapter III

Reigu of Queen Anne— She involves the American Colonies in the War of the Spanish Suoxjession 396

CHAPTEE IV.

Reig-u of George I. — His Neglect of America — The Yamassee War in South Carolina — Wai- with the Abenakis in Maine — Death of Father Rale — Lovewell's Fight. 309

Chapter V

Eeign of George II. — The English Government prevents American Manufactures and Commerce — Good Effect produced — Oglethorpe and the Settlement of Georgia — Tomochichi — The Cherokee's Answer — Position of the English Colonies — The .French — Law's Projects — The Natchez — Massacre of the French — Escape of Doutreleau — The Choctaws attack the Natchez — Louboi's Operations — The War with Spain — Oglethorpe's Campaign against St. Augustine — Monteano invades Georgia — The War with France — The New England Troops take Louisharg — ^It is restored to France — The French on the Ohio — George Wa-sliington — — He ie sent to occupy the Ohio — Defeats Jmnonville — Capitulates at Fort Necessity — The War begins 314

Chapter VI

Eeign of George H. (Continued) — Commencement of the Reign of George III. — War with France renewed — General Braddock sent over with English Regulars — His Plans — He attempts to take Fort Du Quesne — Defeated and killed — The unfortunate Acadians — Baron Dieskau sent out by France — Defeated and taken on Lake George — Montcalm takes Oswego — Louisburg taken by Boscawen and Amherst — Abercrombie defeated by Montcalm at Ticonderoga — Bradstreet takes Fort Frontenac — WUliam Pitt — Forbes advances on Fort Du Quesne — Su.stains a Defeat — French evacuate Pittsburg — Johnson defeats d' Aubry and taJtes Niiigara — Amherst drives the French from Lake Champlain — Wolfe at Quebec — Battle of the Heights of Abraham — Wolfe and Montcalm — De Levi defeats Murray and besieges Quebec— Canada siurenders — Close of the War 348

Chapter VII

Reign of George III.— The Cherokee War — The Treaty of Peace with France— Florida taken in exchange for Havana — Pontiac's Conspiracy — England resolved to tax America — Stamp Act Riots in America — Battle of Golden Hill— Boston Massaci-e — The Tax on Tea — Resistance of America — The Boston Tea Party — North Carolina Regulatore— New Indian War 373

Chapter VIII

State of the Colonies after the Conquest of Canada — England's Exertions in America —Jealousy of the Colonies— She resolves to tax theai, and maintain a large Army among them — The Stamp Act proposed — American Opposition — Its final Passage. 387

CONTENTS.

Chapter I

GJeorgs III. loses America— The Continental Congress — The Boston Port BiU — The Quebec Act — The Continental Congress meets — Provincial Congress — Battle of Lexington and Concord — Siege of Boston — Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point — Congress organizes an Army — George Washington Commander-in-Chief — Battle of Bunker Hill — The Invasion of Canada — Failure to take Quebec — Death of Montgomery 4D8

Chapter II

Campaign of 1777— 'Bhe Operations in New Jersey — Cornwallis Confronts Washington at Trenton — Wa.shuigton's masterly Movement on Princeton — The Battle of Princeton — Death of General Mercer — British Attacks on Peekskill and Danbm-y — Death of General Wooster — Meigs at Sag Harbor — Washington in Wintei"- quarters at Morristown — The glorious Stai-s and Stripes-^Movements of the Armies in New Jersey — The British evacuate the State — Lafayette comes to America — Howe lands his Army at the Head of Chesapeake Bay — Washington meeis him at Brandj^vine — A hard-fought Battle — Congress leaves Philadelphia — Howe takes Possession of the City — Washington attacks the British at Germantown — A Victory almost gained— Operations on the Delaware— The Battle of the Kegs— Washington in Winter-quartei-s at Valley Forge — Burgoyne, from Canada, invades New York— Ticonderoga lost —Schuyler and his Policy— Burgoyne begins to suffer from Want of Provisions— Defeat of Baume and his Hessians at Bennington— General Stark— St. Leger sent to attack Fort Schuyler— Battle of Oriskany— Death of General Herkimer— Arnold relieves the Fort— Sad Fate of Jane McCrea— Burgoyne defeated at Stillwater — Another Battle — Burgoyne attempts to retreat — His Surrender —Clinton ascends the Hudson 4S4

Chapter III

Campaign of 1778— Alliance -with France— North's Bills of Conciliation— Their R© jection — British Cruelty — Battle of Monmouth— Conduct of General Lee— Arrival of Admii-al d'Estaing's Fleet — Operations in Rhode Island— D'Estaing engages the British and sails off— Retreat of Sullivan— Savage Cruelty of the English — Massacre at Wyoming— Massacre at Paoli— At Little Egg Harbor— The English capture Savannah — Clarke reduces IlKnois 481

CONTENTS.

CHAPTEE IV.

Campaign of 1779— Operations in the South— Georgia— Invasion of South Carolina — Battle of Stouo Ferry- The British invade Couuecticut— Storming of Stony Point— Sullivan's Expedition against the Six Nations— Penobscot -Paulus Hook —Commodore Paul Jones— The great Fight between the Bon Homme Eichard and the Serapis— Siege of Savannah by d'Estaing and Lincoln- Spain joins F»ance — Continental Money 502

Chapter V

Oampaigu of 1780— Sir Henry Clinton saUs south, besieges and takes Charlestoo— Tarleton begins his career of cruelty — Lord Cornwallis in the South— Sumter and Mai-ion — Gatfes sent South by Congress — His rashness— Defeated at Camden— DeKalb — General Greene— King's Mountain — Patriotic women— Lord Sterling on Stateu Island— Battle of Springfield 520

Chapter I

Effective aid from France on Sea and Land — Zealous and successful Effoi-ts of Lafayette in Favor of America — A Fleet under Achniral de Ternay brings over a French army under the Count de Rochambeau — It lands at Newport —Hopes of America — Washington calls earnestly for Troops to enable him to strike a Decisive Blow — A Traitor — General Arnold in Treaty with the Enemy to deliver up West Point — The Arrest of Major Andre reveals and Defeats tlie Treachery — Arnold escapes to the English — Andre tried and executed 536

Chapter II

Campaign of 1781 — ^Aspect of Affairs — Arnold leads an Expedition to Virginia, and is joined by Philhps — Lafayette sent against him — The Campaign in Carolina — Genera,! Morgan's biilliant Victory at Cowpens — Greene's famous Retreat — Battle of Guilford Court House — Cornwallis, pursued by Greene, enters Virginia — Lord Rawdon in the Carolinas — Battle of Hobkirk's Hill — Siege of Ninety-SLx — Death of Hayne — Lafayette and Cornwallis in Virginia — Cornwallis at Yorktown — Washington and De Grasse concert a Movement against him — Sucoassful Co-operation — Cornwallis invested — Surrenders — Arnold i-avages Connecticut 545

CONTENTS.

Part V. The Republic Under The Articles Of Confederation And Under

THE CONSTITUTION.

CHAPTER I.

The Return to Peace — Articles of Confederation — Treaties with Foreign Countries — Indian Natious^Northwest Territory organized — A desire for a better Union — A Convention called — The new Constitution — It is accepted by eleven States — Close of the Continental Congress 571

CHAPTER II.

George Washington President 1789-1797— His Cabinet— Peace made with the Creeks and Cherokees — North Carolina and Rhode Island yield when treated as Foreign Counti-ies — The National Debt — War ^vith the Miamies and Western Tribes — Defeat of Greneral Harmar — Bank of North America — Vermont and Kentucky Admitted— St. Clair defeated by the Western Indians — Washington's Re-election — The French and their Ambassador, Genet — Tlie Algerine Coreairs — Wayne overthrows the Lidiaus and concludes a Peace — The ^Vliisky Insiu-rection — Indian Boundaries — Treaty with Spain — Tennessee admitted — Washmgton's Farewell Address — He returns to Mount Vemou 578

Chapter III. John Adams, Second President— 1797-1801

Affairs with France — Mississippi Territory organized — War with France on the Ocean— The Alien and Sedition Acts— Death of General Washington— Seat of Government removed to Washington— Indiana Territory organized— Close of the War with France — Adams defeated in the next election 600

"CHAPTER IV.

THOMAS JEFFERSON, THIRD PRESIDENT-1801-1809.

War against Tripoli — ^Purchase of Louisiana — Lewis and Clarke's Expedition to Oregon — Troubles with Florida— Burr's Conspiracy — English Outrages — Attack on the Chesapeake — New States and Tei'ritories 611

XU CONTENTS,

Chapter V. James Madison, Fourth President— 1809-1817

Trouble in Pennsylvania — The President and Little Belt— Indian Troubles in the West — Wai- with England — Hull's Surrender — Opei-ations on the New York Frontiers — Queenstown, La Colle— Victories at Sea — Proctor's Victories in the West — Repulsed at Fort Meigs — Toronto — The Niagara— Perry's Victory — Battle of the Thames — Tecumseh slain — The Creek War — General Jackson — Battle of the Chippewa — Invasion of Maryland — Captvu'e of Washmgton — English repulsetl at Baltimore — Macomb and McDonough at Plattsburg — Jackson in Florida — ^Battle of New Orleans — Peace proclaimed — Final battles at Sea (318

Chapter VI. James Monroe, Fifth President— 1817-1825

Indian Troubles — The Seminoles— Seizure of Spanish Forts — Florida Ceded to the United States — The Treaty of Ghent —Alabama — Ai-kansas, Maine— The Missoim Compromise — Lafayette Revisits the United States — The Monroe Doctrine —West India Pirates Broken up 653

Chapter XI

JAMES K. POLE, ELEVENTH PRESIDENT— 1845-1849.

The Mexican Wai^Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palnia— Battle of Monterey—Conquest of California and New Jlexico— Santa Anna— Scott at Vera Cruz— Battle of Buena Vista— Capture of Vera Cruz— Battle of Cerro Gordo— Puebla taken— Conti-eras and Churubusco— Battle of Chapultepec— Mexico taken — Last Struggles of the Mexicans — Peace of Guadalupe Hidalgo— Close of Polk's Administration 681

Chapter XII

ZACHARY TAYLOR, TWELFTH PRESIDENT— 1849-1850. MILLARD FILLMORE, THIRTEENTH PRESIDENT— 1850-1853.

Brief Administration of General Taylor^Admission of California^ — Fillmore as President— Lopez and the Cuban Affaii-s — Sioux Indians — Kossuth — Sii- John Franklin and the Grinnell Expedition — Fishery Question — Death of Clay and Webstei^-The Telegraph 705

CHAPTER XTIT.

FRANKLIN PIERCE, FOURTEENTH PRESIDENT— 1853-1857.

The Mesilla Valley Difficulty — Growth of the Country —Walker and Nicaragua — The Ostend Manifesto— Kansas and Nebraska — The Dangerous Excitement as to the Growth of Slavery 715

CHAPTER XTV.

JAMES BUCHANAN, FIFTEENTH PRESIDENT- 1857-1861.

Kansas — Its Civil War and final Admission as a Free State — Admission of other New States — Territories Organized — Party Violence — John Brown and Harper's Ferry — ^Four Presidential Tickets — Election of Abraham Lincoln — Secession of South Carolina and six other States — They form the Confederate States of America — .Seizure of Forts — Anderson and Fort Sumter — The Ineffectual Attempt to Relieve it 719

HV CONTENTS.

Part VI

THE GREAT CIVIL WAR— ABRAHAM LINCOLN, SIXTEENTH PRESI- DENT— 1861-5— 18C5.

Chapter I

Affairs diiring the Spring and Summer of 1861 — Lincoln's Cabinet — Reorganization of the Government, Army and Navy — Attemjjt to relieve Sumter — Its Bombardment — The fh'st call for Troops — Replies of tlie States — Blockade of the Southern ports — East Tennessee and West Vu-ginia for the Union — Missouri saved by Lyon's energy — First movement of United States Troops — EUsworth — McClellan in Westei'n Virginia — Battles of Philippi, Rich Mountain, and Carrick's Ford- Big Bethel — Bull Run — General Lyon and the Battles of Carthage, Dug Spring, Wilson's Creek, and Lexington— First opei-ations against the Coast of the Confederate States 726

Chapter II

Ite War in the West — Minor Operations — Battle of Belmont — Grant's Fu-st Action — Polk Crosses to Relieve his Men — Desperate Fighting^Grant Succeeds in Reaching his Gunboats— The Port Royal Expedition— A Foothold in South Carolina— Operations with no Great Result— The Slidell-Mason Affair— Commodore Wilkes— Attitude of the British Goverimieut- Slidell and Mason Given up— Pope's Missouri Campaign— The Confederate Line in the West — P»«parations to Break it 750

PART VI.

THE CIVIL WAR CONTINUED— ABRAHAM LINCOLN, SIXTEENTH PRESI- DENT— 1861-5— 1865.

Chapter III

Buell's Campaign— Battle of ]\Iill Spring -ZoUicoflfer Defeated by Thomas and Killed — The Confederate Line Broken— Grant and Porter Move — Fort Hem-y Bomkirded by the Fleet, and Rediiced before Grant Arrives — The Army and Fleet Move upon Fort Donelson — The Fleet Repulsed with Loss — Grant's Attack — Battle of Fort Donelson — Desperate Fighting — The Confederate Commanders — The Surrender of the Fort — The new Confederate Line — Island No. 10 Occupied by Them — It is Reduced — The Wai- in Arkansas— Battle of Pea Ridge — Operations on the Coast — Tlie Burnside Expedition— Capture of Fort Pulaski — Butler's Expedition to Louisiana 760

CONTENTS. XV

Chapter IV

The mvasion of New Mexico by Sibley— Canby's Defence— The Fleet on the Mississippi—The Ram Fleet under Colonel EUet — Memphis Yields— Butler's Louisiana Campaign —FaiTagnt's Naval Battle — Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip- New Orleans Taken — The Fleet Ascends the River— Fii-st Operations against Vicksburg — The Chesapeake Naval Battle between the Merrimac and Monitor — The Confederate Government — Stanton — Shields defeats Jackson — MeClellan's Peninsula Campaign — The Battle of Pittsburg Landing 769

Chapter V

MeClellan's Campaign against Richmond — Operations in the Shenandoah Valley — The Seven Days' Battles— Mechauicsville— Fan- Oaks— G-auies' Mill— White-Oak Swamp — Malvern HUl — McClellan Retires to Harrison's Landing — Halleck made General-in-Chief — McClellan Embarks for the Potomac — Pojie's Vainglorious Promises — Banks Worsted at Cedar Mountain — Jackson in Pope's Rear — Second Battle of Bull Run — Pope not Supported by McClellan — He Retreats to Washington and Resigns — Colonel Cantwell — Lee Entei-s Maryland— Outgenerals McClellan and takes Hai-per's Ferry — Battles of South Mountain and Antietam — Lee Retreats — McClellan Pm-sues — He is Relieved 786

CHAPTER YI.

The Operations in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississi^jpi — Advance of General Bragg —Battles of Richmond and Muiifordsville — A Confederate Governor of Kentucky Inaugurated — Buell in t!ie Field — Bragg Beaten at Perryville — Retreats through

Cumberland Gap — Rosecrans Defeats Price at luka, and Van Dorn at Corinth

Rosecrans' Winter Campaign — Morgan's Raid — Bragg Defeated at Stone River — Minor Opei-ations. qqq

Chapter VII

Operations against Vicksburg — Grant's First Attempt Defeated by Van Dorn's Capture of Holly Sprmgs — General Sherman Aided by Porter's Gunboats — Attempts to Storm it, but is Repulsed with Heavy Loss — Grant's Various Attempts — He goes down the River — Battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Big Black — Vicksburg Invested — Pemberton Surrendei-s — Grant drives Jolmston from Jackson — Fight nt Milliken's Bend — Operations in Louisiana and Texas under General Banks— His Repulse at Port Hudson — Second Attack — Gardiner Surrenders — Minor Operations g09

Xvi CONTENTS.

Chapter VIII

The Army of the Potomac under General Burnside— He Crosses the Rappahannock and Attacks Lees Position at Marye's Heights— He is Repulsed with heavy Loss, and Recrosses the River— Removed when about to Renew the Attack— General Hooker takes Coniinand— He Crosses the Rappahannock— Battle of Chancellorsvilli. — His Right Wiug turned by Jackson, who is Killed— Desperate Fighting- Hooker Stunned by a Cannon-ball at Chancellorsville— Sedgmck, Operating below, Attacked by Lee's whole Force and Driven across the River— Hooker Recrosses— Lougsti-eet-Lee Flanlis Hooker's Right— Milroy Surprised at Wiuchester— Lee Crosses the Potomac— Hooker, unable to Obtain the Garrison of harper's Ferry, Rtisigus- Meade placed in Command — Movements of the Armies •They come in Collision at Gettysburg- The Battle— General Reynolds Killed and his Corps Driven through the Town— The Halt on Cemetery Hill— Sickles takes a wi-ong Position— Hancock-Meade Arrives— Sickles Driven back -The Ten-ible Charge of Lee's whole Line— Its Repulse— Lee Retreats— Manassas Gap —Wan-en and Hill— The Armies Resume their old Positions— Mine Run- Droop Mountain

Chapter IX

torgan's Raid through Indiana and Ohio— Tlie War in Tennessee— Rosecrans flanks Bragg and drives him to Lafayette— Bragg Faces— Battle of Chickamauga — Roseci-ans Defeated— Gi'ant succeeds him— Bragg sends Long-street iigainst Burnside— Campbell's Station— Longstreet Repulsed— Cavalry Raids— Grant's Campaign— Hooker Crosses the Tennessee— Wauhatchie — Lookout Mounttiin— Mission Ridge — Sherman— Cleburne checks Hooker at White-Oak Ridge— Inoxvillo Reliev(itl— Tlie War in Missouri, Arkansas, and Indian Territoi-y— M;u-madidve at Sprmglicld, Hartsville, Batesville, and Cai)e Gu-ardeau- Coffey's Operations— Quantrell's Cruelties— Indian Operations— The Sioux War 834

Chapter X

Operations from North Carolina to Florida in 1862-3— Capture of Fort Pulaski— Jacksonville taken ami abandoned- Hunter repulsed at Secessionville— The Nashville— Dupont Repulsed— Ironclad Raid from Charleston— Attack on Fort Sumter -The Swamp Angel— Wagner taken— Hill ;it Newberne— Vallandigham's case— The Di-aft-Riots in New York— Negro Soldiers

CHAPTER XL

ksL Offer of Amnesty— Gilmore's Operations in Florida— Seymour defeated at Olustee— A Convention at Jacksonville in favor of the United States— Unsuccessful Operations in Soutli Carolina— A Stirring Canqiaign in North Carolina on Land and Water— Hanks' Red River Expedition— He retires— Tlie Fleet carried over the Rapids by Engineering Sldll— Operations in Texas and Arkansas -Rosecrans ui Missouri— Pi-ice's last Attempt to carry the State— Battles at Pilot Knob. Little and Big Blue, Tittle Osage and Ncwtonia 867

CONTENTS. XVU

Chapter XII

<Jenei"al Grant in Virginia — He takes Command of the Armies — The Army of the Potomac reorganized — Kilpatrick sent agaixist Richmond— Death of Dahlgi-en^ Grant fights the Battle of the Wilderness — Spottsylvania — Hancock storms the Lines— His Captures — Sheridan and J. E. B. Stuart — Butler operating south of the James — Action at Port Walthall Junction — Beauregard attacks Butler — Gunboats blown up — Grant at the North Anne — A sharp Action — Burnside defeated — Repulse at Cold Harbor — Butler's Operations against Petersburg — Meade at the Weldon Railroad — Defeat of Hancock and Gregg — Cl»se of the Campaign of 1864— Jones and Avery in the Shenandoah Valley — Early thi-eatens Washington — Sheridan sent against him — Battles of Opequan and Fisher's Hill — Early siu-prises Crook at Cedar Creek — Sheridan's Ride — A Defeat tunaed into a Victory by a single Man 883

Chapter XIII

Sufferings of Prisoners — AndersonviUe — Forrest's Raids — He takes Fort Pillow — Fearful Atrocities— He routs Sturgis — Is beaten by A. J. Smith — Various Actions — Morgan's last Raid — Pursued and killed — Sherman's Campaign against Johnston—His three Armies — Hooker takes Resaca — l!)aris takes Roue — Fight at Pumpkinvine Creek — New Hopes — Dallas — Allatoona — Shennan repulsed at Kenesaw — Again flanks Johnston — Hood supei"sedes Johnston — He twice attacks Sherman and is repulsed — Stoneman's Failiu-e — Hardee defeated — Hood abandons Atlanta — Sherman occupies it, and expels its Inhabitants — Hood endeavore to draw Sherman out of Greorgia — French defeated by Corse at Allatoona — Thomas sent to defend Tennessee — Sherman prepares to march to the Sea 903

Chapter XIV

The Confederates on the Sea — The Oreto, Alabama, Florida — Capture of the Revenue Cutter Chesapeake — Aid given by England and her Provinces — Captui-e of the Florida and Japan — Engagement between the Alabama and the Kearsarge — The Alabama sunk — Farragut in Mobile Harbor destroys the Confederate Fleet . 917

Chapter XV

Kie Presidential Election — Movements for Peace — The Negotiations at Hampton Roads — Forrest's last Raid — Hood advances, and Thomas falls back to Nashville — Bloody Battle at Franklin— The Battle at Nashville— Thomas attacks Hood on the right and left, and carries his first Line — He storms Overton's Hill — Hood routed and driven across the Tennessee — Breckinridge driven into North Carolina— Saltville tAken 922

XVUl CONTENTS.

Chapter XVI

Sherman's March to the Sea — Mode of Proceeding — Fights on the way — Before Savannah — Hazen storms Fort Mc AlUster — Sherman meets Foster and Dahlgren — Savannah evacuated — ^Sherman's Christmas-pi-esent to President Lincoki— Oi>erations to co-operate with him — He crosses the Edisto — Actions at Branchville, Orangeburg, and on the CJongaree— Columbia surrendered— Tlie Conflagration — Hardee evacuates Charleston— The Stars and Stripes raised at Sumter- Sherman enters North Carolina — Fayetteville — Actions at Averysborough and Bentonville — Goklsborough — The Esijeditions against Fort Fisher— It is carried at last— Fall of Wilmington — Hoke's Repulse — Wilson's brilliant Cavalry Campaign in Alabama— Canby reduces Mobile 927

Chapter XVII

The Close of the War — Grant begins operations — The Confederate Rams in the James — Sheridan in the Vallsy again — He crushes Early — Wheels around Lee's Lines and reports to Grant — Lee's bold Dash — He takes Fort Steedman — Grant's Advance on the Confederate Lines — Sheridan at Five-Forks — General Assault by Grant — Forts Gregg and Alexander carried — Lee defeated, and A. P. Hill killed — He telegrajjhs to Davis that Richmond must be evacuated — The Confederate Capital in Confusion and Flames — Weitzel enters it — Lee's Retreat — Sheridan heads him off — Grant proposes a Surrender — Lee hesitates — Appomattox Court House — SmTender of Lee's Army of Vu'gmia 936

Chapter XVIII

Abraham Lincoln's Second Term — His Inauguration — He receives the News of the Fall of Richmond — He visits that City — His last Proclamations — He is assassinated in Ford's Theatre, Washington, by John Wilkes Booth — Simultaneous At^ tempts to assassinate Mr. Seward, the Secretary of State — Death of Mr. Lincoln — Effect throughout the Country — Its terribly disastrous Consequences to the South. 942

Chapter XIX

ANDREW JOHNSON, SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENT -1865-1869. Sketch of President Johnson — His Inauguration — Investigation into Lincoln's Assaasination — Pursuit of Booth, his Capture and Death — The Attempt to Assassinate Mr. Sewai'd — A Conspiracy — Arrest of several — The bloody Court-martial — Hanging — The Conclusion of the War — The Sm-reuder of Johnston — Other Confederate Bodies — Jeffereon Davis attempts to escape — Pui-sued and Captured — Imprisoned, but never tried — The Confederate Flag on the Ocean — The last of the British-built Shij^s — President Johnson and Congi-es-s — Then- diffei-ent Views as to the Treatment of the South — A Series of Collisions — Bitter Feeling of the Republican Party against the Man whom they had raised to Office — President Johnson's Vetoes — Coiigress disregards them — Assumes to be the Government — One House of Congress impeaches the President, whom they had treated with every Dishonor — The other tries him — The great Impeachment Trial— Acquittal of the President — The South ruined by oppressive Reconstruction Acts — Fenian Affair's — Attempts to invade Canada — Prompt Action of Government — The Atlantic Cable — Close of Jolinson's Administration 946