The yellow danger;

Front matter

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Chapter I The Nations And A Mah

As all the world knows, the Children’s Ball of the Lady Mayoress takes place yearly on the night of ‘‘ Twelfth Day,” 6th January. In the year ’98 the function was even more successful than usual, owing to Sir Henry Burdett’s fine idea that the children should be photographed in support of the Prince of Wales’ Hospital Fund. The little Walter Raleighs, Amy Robsarts, flocked in throngs to the photographer’s studio adjoining the grand salon of the Mansion House ; while all that space outside between the Mansion House, the Bank, and the Stock Exchange was a mere mass of waiting, arriving, and departing vehicles.

If anything tended to take a little of their exuberance from this and other New Year jubilations, it was a certain cloudiness in the political sky ; nothing very terrifying ; yet something so real, that nearly every one felt it with disquiet. An Irish member, celebrated for his bulls,” was heard to say : “ Take my word for

it, there’s going to be a sunset in the East.” Men strolled into their clubs, and, with or without a yawn, said : Is there going to be a row, then ? ” Some one might answer : ^‘Not a bit of it; it’ll pass off presently, you’ll see.” But another would be sure to add : “ Things are looking black enough, all the same.”

It was just as when, on a clear day at sea, low and jagged edges of disconnected clouds appear inkily on the horizon-edge, and no one is quite certain whether or not they will meet, and whelm the sky, and sink the ship.

But the horizon had hardly darkened, when again, it cleared. The principal cause of fear had been what had looked uncommonly like a conspiracy of the three great Continental Powers to oust England from predominance in the East. First there was the seizure of Kiao-Chau, the bombastic farewells of the German Eoyal brothers ; then immediately, the aggressive attitude of Russia at Port Arthur ; then immediately the rumor that France had seized Hainan, was sending an expedition to Yun-nan, and had ships in Hoi- How harbor.

All this had the look of concert ; for within the last few years it had got to be more and more recognized by the British public thafc centuries of neighborhood had fostered among the Continental nations a certain spirit of kinship, in which the Island-Kingdom was no sharer.

In the course of years the Straits of Dover had widened into an ocean. Europe had receded from Britain, and Britain, in her jn’ide, had drawn back from Europe. From the curl of the mustache, to the color and cut of the evening-dress, to the manner in which women held up their skirts, there was similarity between French and German, between German and Russian and Austrian, and dissimilarity between all these and English.

It is true that the Russian hated the German, and the German the Russian and the French ; but their hatred was the hatred of brothers, always ready to combine against the outsider. This had been begun to be suspected, then recognized, by the British nation. Alone and friendless must England tread the winepress of modern history, solitary in her majesty ; and if ever an attempt were made to stop her stately progress, she was prepared to find that her foe was the rest of Europe.

But very soon after the unrest had arisen, it began to subside. France denied the annexation of Hainan ; the semi-official Nord-deutsclie AUgemeine Zeitiing, inspired by Wilhelm, painted Germany as the patron of commerce, with an amiable weakness for theatrical displays ; Russia was defeated in the matter of the removal of Mr. MacLeavy Brown, and seemed sufficiently limp after it ; while spirits were raised by the probable

The Nations and a Man g

guarantee of a Chinese loan by the British Government.

But meanwhile, at the children’s ball at the Mansion House, events were working in a quite different direction from that of peaceful settlement.

Ada Seward was the presiding deity in the nursery of Mrs. Pattison of Fulham. On the night of the 6th, Dr. and Mrs. Pattison had to be present at a ball in the AVest End, and Ada on that night was busy ; for it was necessary for her, first of all, to convey Master Johnnie Pattison, costumed as Francis I., to the Mansion House ; and then to hurry homeward again to take Miss Nellie Pattison to a children’s evening with charades in South Kensington.

The fact that it was wet when she reached the Mansion House may have had something to do with her troubles. The landing-place was occupied by some other carriages, and dismounting with her charge, an umbrella over him, she cried to the coachman in a hurried manner through the drizzle :

AA'ait till I come back.”

The man afterwards declared that he understood her to say :

‘‘ Go away, and come back.”

At any rate, when Ada again came forth into the crush to look for the Pattison brougham, it was nowhere to be found.

And now her lips went up in a pout of vexation. ^‘AYhat on earth is any one to do now ?” she said. She was pressed for time, and yet at a loss.

The throng of private carriages seemed to have banished all cabs from the region of the Mansion House. She looked and saw none; then into her pocket, and found only sixpence. These two circumstances decided her against the cab. Instead, she ran a few yards, dodging among the carriages, and at the entrance to Poultry, skipped into a moving ^bus.

She sat in a corner for five minutes, with agonized glances out of the door at the slowly receding clocks. Then some one — a man sitting nearly opposite, whom she had not noticed — addressed her ;

Why, Miss Ada, is that you ?”

Oh ! ” she cried, Mr. Brabant, is that you ? It’s a long time since — how are you ? ”

‘‘Well, I’m pretty fair. Miss Ada, as times go, you know. Hope you are the same.”

“ Still in the army ? ”

“ Oh yes — the Duke of Cambridge’s Own, you know. Yon living in London now ? ”

“Yes -at Fulham.”

Here conversation flagged ; and in that miuute^s interval, Brabant, with a sudden half-turn to his left, said :

“ Just allow me to introduce you to my friend here — Miss Seward — Dr. Yen How.”

In the light of the ’bus lamp Ada Seward saw a very small man, dressed in European clothes, yet a man whom she at once took to be Chinese. With a wrinkled grin, he put out his hand and shook hers.

He was a man of remarkable visage. When his hat was off, one saw that he was nearly bald, and that his expanse of brow was majestic. There was something brooding, meditative, in the meaning of his long eyes ; and there was a brown, and dark, and specially dirty shade in the yellow tan of his skin.

He was not really a Chinaman — or rather, he was that, and more. He was the son of a Japanese father by a Chinese woman. He combined these antagonistic races in one man. In Dr. Yen How was the East.

H0 was of noble feudal descent, and at Tokio, but for his Chinese blood, would have been styled Count. Yot that the admixture of blood was very visible in his appearance ; in China he passed for a Chinese, and in Japan for a Jap.

If ever man was cosmopolitan, that man was Dr. Yen How. No European could be more familiar with the minutiae of Western civilization. His degree of doctor he had obtained at the University of Heidelberg ; for years he had practised as a specialist in the diseases of women and children at San Francisco.

lie possessed an income of a thousand tael (about £300) from a tea-farm ; but his life had been passed in

II The Nations and a Man

the practise of the grinding industry of a slave. Nothing equaled his assiduity, his minuteness, his attention to detail. He had once written to the Royal Observatory at the Cape pointing out a trifling error in a long logarithmic calculation of the declension of one of the moons of J upiter, originating from the observatory.

In the East he could have climbed at once to the very top of the tree — Even in the West, had he chosen. But he chose to lie low, remaining unnoticed, studying, observing, making of himself an epitome of the West, as he was an embodiment of the East.

In whatever country he happened to be — and he was never for many years in any one — he was most often to be found in the company of people of the lower classes ; and of these he had a very intimate knowledge. So great was his mental breadth, that he was unable to sympathize with either Eastern or Western distinctions of class and rank. He often struck up chance friendships with soldiers and sailors about the capitals of Europe ; and these patronized and exhibited him here and there.

Yen How knew that he was being patronized, and submitted to it — and smiled meekly. In reality, he cherished a secret and bitter aversion to the white race.

He had two defects — his shortness of sight, which caused him to wear spectacles ; and his inability, in speaking without effort, to pronounce the word little.” He still called it '‘ lillee.”

On that date of 6th January, when he drove westward with Brabant and Ada Seward, he was perhaps forty years of age, but seemed anything between sixteen and sixty ; a hard, omniscient, cosmopolitan little man, tough as oak, dry as chips.

Yet in that head were leavening some big thoughts ; and his heart was capable of tremendous passions.

In reality, could one have known it, as he fared onward through the drizzle in the trundling ’bus, smiling behind liis spectacles, he was the most important per- 3onage in London, or perhaps in the world.

Pr* Yen How was capable of anything. In him was the Stoic, and the cynic, and the tiger ; with a turn of the mind he could become a savant, or a statesman, or a crossing-sweeper, or a general. He possessed this excellence : a clear brain.

By one of those extraordinary freaks of nature for which there is no accounting, this man wanted to see Ada Seward a second time after parting with her that night.

Brabant, who had known her in her native town of Cheltenham, accompanied her to the gate of the Pattison villa. Yen How with them.

As he was leaving her, the little doctor put his mouth to her ear, and whispered hurriedly :

“ I will wait here to-morrow night at eight for one lillee hiss.”

The girl was astounded.

Well, the idea ! '' she just gasped.

Before she could proclaim her indignation, the two men turned off.

Till he reached his home in Portland Street, Yen How was engaged in one long, continuous, secret smile — a smile at his own expense. This outburst of his in the r61e of lover was new to him, absolutely. His relations with women hitherto had consisted in the business of curing their sicknesses. By what stibtle physiological or psychological affinity this one particular English girl had been able to evoke from this particular dry Chino- Japanese a request for ‘‘one lillee kiss,’” he was unable to divine. Such an affinity there undoubtedly was ; but its origin lay among reasons far too abstruse for the unraveling of Yen.

Yen How smiled that first night, but he presently found that this was no smiling matter.

At eight the next evening he was duly at the Pattison gate ; but, alas, no Ada was to be seen. Ada, however, was there, though invisible. She, with the Pattison cook, whom she had brought out to enjoy the fun, was hiding behind a shrubbery, and peering through, shaking with laughter at the futile waiting of the little doctor.

And now Yen How, for the first time in his life, began to suffer on account of a woman.

The Nations and a Man

He loved ; and in his love was the concentrated passion of many other men. Melted rock is lava — and he suffered.

He used at night to hang about the house, which was lonely at that hour, waiting. To his patience there was no end — to his resolution to possess her, by fair means or foul, no end.

Even in the matter of love the Eastern is essentially different from the Western. It is impossible for us, in anything, to understand them, so foreign are they. With us love is frequent, a powerful mood ; with them the whole man is involved, and love becomes a passion having all the characteristics of ordinary flame.

One night, as he lurked about, he met her returning from some shopping. By this time Yen How had become a standing joke for Ada in the kitchen and the servants’ bedroom. He walked to her.

Ah,” he said with sideward head, and a cajoling smile, you are here, then ? You will give poor Yen How one lillee kiss ? ”

The whole idea of courtship possessed by tliis clownish and unpractised lover consisted in asking for one little kiss. Ada Seward’s views of the matter were more elaborate. She despised his strong simplicity.

Perhaps you are not aware whom it is you are talking to,” she said.

Yen was aware ; he could have shut his eyes and drawn an exact picture of her face.

Ah,” he said, “not even one lillee ”

“I’ll give you one lillee box of soap to wash your face, if you like ! ” she cried, running and looking back. The house was near ; he could not overtake her.

Perhaps it would have been impossible for Miss Seward to utter words more calculated to drive Yen to madness than this reference to “soap.” If his suit was hopeless, it was now borne in upon him that it was hopeless on account of his race. The girl did not listen to him, and reject him ; she rejected him without taking him into consideration at all. It was as though a mule, or a cat, had asked her to be his.

But his persistence did not fail. He flung his other pursuits to the wind, and the Pattison villa became for him the center of the world. Sometimes he caught bright glimpses of her. Once again he met her in the street, and once again she overwhelmed him with jeers. So passed January, February, and March.

To Yen How, the bourgeois, the thought never at all occurred that the girl was below bourgeois class. He was a great man, and merely saw in Ada the eternal Avoman. Dukes marry duchesses ; but the Goethes, the Mahomets, wed cooks and water-carriers. On that very plan was built Yen How.

At the beginning of April he stood one night outside the Pattison gate, when he saw her. It was eleven oYlock ; she was coming from the theater, leaning on the arm of Private Brabant. Brabant, since their meeting in the ^bus, had several times been out” Avith her.

As the two approached, Ada saw the little doctor.

‘‘There’s that little Chinaman again, John,” she said, pressing Brabant’s arm. “ It’s getting too much of a good thing now, isn’t it ? ”

“ Confound the little rat,” said Brabant ; “he wants his nut cracked, I should think, doesn’t he ? ”

The doctor tripped up to them, smiling nervously. Before he could speak, Brabant, who had had a glass, said :

“ Come, come, Mr. Yen How, get out of this. Can’t you see the young lady doesn’t want you fooling round her ? ”

“AVell — but — my soldier friend,” said Yen, “there is no harm done ”

“ Come, get out of it ! ” said Brabant more roughly.

“No, no, you go too fast, you see,” began Yen apologetically.

“ Are you going — yes or no ! ” said Brabrant, noAv flushing angrily.

“ Go away, Avhy don’t you ? ” put in Ada.

“Ah ! I — I am here to see my lillee girl,” hazarded Yen.

“ Oh, don’t be a stupid little goose of ^ Chinaman ! Just fancy ! ” she said.

The Nations and a Man 15

This was the most unkiudest cut of all for Yen. He winced, touched with anger.

Are you going or not ? said Brabant, an ultimatum in his tone.

‘‘ Yo,” said Yen ; then, more decidedly, ‘^no, no

Brabant put out his arm and pushed him on the shoulder.

It was not a violent push, but in an instant the doctor^s face was almost black with rage. He had in his hand a stout bamboo stick, which he at once lifted and slashed with terrible force across the soldier’s cheek, leaving a bruised weal which Brabant bore with him to the grave.

In retaliation the soldier lifted his large and bony fist, and sent it into the doctor’s face. Yen How dropped.

The street was deserted. Not knowing what to do, the girl and the soldier bent over him for five minutes, when, to their surprise. Yen How raised himself slowly, placed his handkerchief against his red and dripping face, and slowly limped aWay without a single word.

Once he stopped deliberately as he moved off, turned, and looked at them ; and in the moonlight they distinctly saw him twice shake his forefinger warningly in their direction.

Then he went on his way.

Between that night and the beginning of May he never once stepped outside the house in which he lived. He had resumed his close and far-reaching studies.

At the beginning of May ho was on board the Penmsular, bound for the East.

By the end of September he was a member of the Japanese Parliament.

In December we find him a leading spirit in the Tsung-li-Yamen, or Chinese Foreign Office, and making voyages between Tokio and Pekin.

Chapter II The Heatheh Chihee

Yen How was nothing if not heathen. He was that first of all.

His intellect was like dry ice. Though often secretly engaged in making The Guess, on the whole, he despised all religions — the faiths of the AVest, the superstitions of the East, he despised them all alike. He was full of light, but without a hint of warmth ; and so lacked the religious emotion.

It is not likely that ordinary ethical considerations would much influence the aims of such a man. He was like an avalanche, as cold, and as resistless.

What was Dr. Yen How’s aim ? Simply told, it was to possess one white woman, ultimately, and after all. He had also the subsidiary aim of doing an ill turn to all the other white women, and men, in the world.

If the earth had opened and swallowed him, then he Avould have renounced his hope ; but for no lesser reason. He went coolly and patiently to work to secure his desire.

But no man, surely, ever employed means so huge to an end so small. A European, perhaps any other man, having once conceived the means, would quickly have forgotten the end in the tremendous interest of the means themselves. But in all that Yen did the face of Ada Seward was always consciously before his eyes.” The nature of this man was as simple as the elemental rock.

His career in the East, from the first hour of his return, was meteoric. He rose like a rocket. The order of the day in China, and especially in Japan, was AVestern modernity ; and here was a man who simply

The Heathen Chinee breathed Western modernity, and who yet was an Eastern of the Easterns. His skin was more yellow than the yellow man’s, and his brain was more white than the white man’s. When the English Inspector- General of Roads and Bridges at Tokio asserted that the Imperial tax in Britain on railway passenger traffic was, he believed, £3 per cent. Yen How’s face wrinkled into a chaos of smiles. ‘‘Yo — two,” he said quietly; and no one doubted which was right. Yen introduced a new method of protecting bridges during the daily earthquakes of Japan, by means of articulated joists and sleepers. AYhen the Naval Director at Pekin introduced a specification for a new battle-ship to be mounted with two 111-ton guns. Yen proved by statistics (which he quoted from memory) that the tendency of the most modern shipbuilding was rather in the direction of quick-firing guns than of heavy armaments. The 111-ton became 45-ton. He was soon invaluable.

At this time the people of Japan were strongly excited against the freebooting of Russia and Germany in China, and strongly animated in favor of England. England was, in fact, the beau-ideal, the Great Pattern, of Japan. It required no great force of imagination for her to call herself the Britain of the East ” ; this notion at once occurred, of itself, to every one ; and, of course, the copyist sympathized with her original rather than with others. With England predominant in China, moreover, there would be an assurance of free trade ; and Japan was a trader. So strong was the enthusiasm in favor of England, that the nation was even willing to put its fleet at the disposal of its Big Model in case of need.

The ulterior purposes of Japan, of course, remained in doubt. She was even then building in various parts of the world an additional fleet, which, when finished, would make her a sea Power far in advance of any nation in the whole earth, with the exception of England lierself. What in the hour of her manhood, when she had cast her leading-strings, she would do with this vast force was a disturbing question to many ; but, mean- 2 while, it was clearly her intention to use England aS an ally — till the years ripened.

Under the Marquis Ito’s Ministry Yen How was offered a post of Under-Secretary, but he refused it. He suggested that he should become Secretary to the Minister as his private servant ; and this was arranged. He knew that high public rank in Japan would exclude him from high public rank in China, if his double personality should become known — and China was the chief field of his labors. Meanwhile, he was drawing large revenues as a mandarin, and lived, for his own purposes, in a style nearly princely.

Poh ! he said to the Marquis Ito, sipping tea among rugs, there are no statesmen now. Statesmen ! — there are no such things. Not here — not in Europe. An ordinary man is a man who thinks in days ; a statesman proper thinks in thousands of years. The outlook and computations of a statesman should be as much vaster than those of a private person, as a country is vaster than a tea-house. Believe me, there are no statesmen.’^

Come, doctor, why do you say that ? ” asked the Marquis.

^‘Look forward five hundred, a thousand years, Marquis, and what do you see ? ” answered Yen How.

‘ Is it not this ? — the white man and the yellow man in their death-grip, contending for the earth. The white and the yellow — there are no others. The black is the slave of both ; the brown does not count. But there are those two ; and when the day comes that they stand face to face in dreadful hate, saying, ^ One or other must quit this earth,’ shall I tell you which side will win ? ”

Which do you think ? ”

‘^The white will whn. Marquis.”

Perhaps I differ from you,” said the Marquis Ito.

Ah ! you differ from me. But I am right all the same ; and I mean, sooner or later, to prove it to you abundantly, abundantly ! The white will win, I tell you ! You great men in Japan are trying to copy them, straining your poor necks to come up with them ; but

The Heathen Chinee

I have passed my life in studying them — and IVe got something to tell you ; listen to it : you cannot, Marquis, you cannot, you cannot ! ”

‘‘Our Navy already began the Marquis.

“ Poh ! your Navy ! Who built it for you ? It was they. Your Navy is like a razor in the hands of an ape which has seen its master use it. The brute may or may not cut its own throat with it. And as soon as they build a navy for you, they will build one twice as big for themselves, and twice as good. There is no reason why you should not follow them, and go on following them — only understand that you cannot catch them / And this is another thing that you should understand — that the longer you follow them, the farther they get away from you. Their rate of progress is continually increasing. Every day that passes over the world gives them an additional advantage over you. To-day their guns can mow you down by hundreds ; in a hundred years they will mow you down by thousands ; in five hundred years by millions. Can’t you see ? — you are losing time ! ”

“ What do you mean ? ”

“ Ah, I mean that there are no longer any statesmen, Marquis. The eye of the statesman ranges far, far into the tracts of the future, doesn’t it ? But we ! Here are we now — we Japanese, we Chinese, we yellow men — playing about in little diplomatic mud-puddles with French, and Russian, and English and German, as if all that mattered two sen ! And all the time we know well, yet seem not to know, that French, and English, and the rest, are equally our foe, and tyrant, and vulture, one not more than the other ! That if we do not eat them all now, at once, they all will swallow us whole some day, soon — soon. And to see China fighting with Japan in such a case, and Japan banging into China— is it not childish enough to make a donkey, or even a Grand Lama, laugh ? There are no statesmen any longer. Marquis.”

“ Well, come, I see something in what you are driving at,” said Ito. “We and China are like two birds pecking at each other on a bough, when suddenly they are both down the belly of a serpent, which has been calmly watching them. AYell, but what are we to do ? By your own showing, the birds can do nothing against the serpent.

'' Did I say that ? ’’ asked Yen, lifting his eyebrows in innocent surprise. Oh, I didn^’t mean it ! There are many birds, you see, and few serpents. In the world to-day there are 408,000,000 Christians and — mark the figures — 1^004,000,000 non-Christians. I can see that you are startled.”

You think that by sheer force of numbers ”

Yes, if we had taken our oj)portunity in time — if we had struck two hundred — a hundred years ago. Even to-day I believe that it is hardly too late, if the yellow race can find a great leader. I am perfectly sure that in a hundred years’ time it to ill be too late.”

Why so?”

I have told you. By that time the white man will have something like a magician’s power over all nature. He will say to the mountains and the seas : Be removed ! ’ — and at his mere whisper they will obey him. We yellow men, too, will have advanced, but they will have vastly outstripped u.'. A\^e cannot follow them, I tell you. The day will come when our mere numbers will no longer be of any importance in balking and overthrowing them.”

You talk of big things, my friend,” said Ito. Are you serious ? ”

Yes, Marquis, I am serious.”

‘‘You advocate a League of the yellow races ? ”

“ He ! he ! the idea tickles me ; it is so very far from realization — there are so many obstacles ”

“ Yo, really — I think not. I believe it is very near to realization. Events are at this moment in progress at Pekin which ^yi\\ force it to accomplishment — soon. Suppose I teil you that I, personally, have laid those events in train ? ”

“ You, doctor ? What, are you going to lead us all, then, against Paris and London ? He ! he ! ”

“ Perhaps, Marquis.”

The Heathen Chinee

What, to face the Xordenfeldts, and tlie Maxims, and the Krupps ? The Chinese will run frojii the first twelve-pounder I ”

“ There ma]f not he any tioclve-ponnders there lehen they get to Paris and London^^ said Yen How with absolute coolness, yet with an emphasis and an intonation of solemnity in his voice which held the Marquis from answer for a minute.

‘‘Really, I don’t understand you,’’ he said at last.

“Y'et my meaning should be clear.”

“ Xo — do explain yourself.”

Yen, How rose to his feet before he answered.

“Marquis,” he said, “is it possible you do not see that China has it in her power to turn Europe into an exhausted waste within, say, three months from to-night, without firing a single shot, or spending a single tael?”