Waldie's Select Circulating Library

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PART I. PH|LABBI<PHIA, JAVUAJBLT 9, 18«l

HO. U

In aceotdaneo With the Bnnunetadon toade a iiiort time ago, the pubbcadcm of the Libmy is lesumed. The diaorden of the cuireMj hatw, it is hoped, been la a grei^ degree reoioYedf aod ifae intense political exeitiBment haii enbaided. The public miod ieeks veUef ; and wkit can b«tter adminieier il» than the delighlfiil iafluanee ofcalniyliteiary pnrsniti? We turn* too^ lo the dometlte circle, and desire to participate again in its Tirtaous pleasures.

The means, the inclination, and Che leisnrs, necessaiy to ^ enjoyment of ** Waklie,'* ate Ifans afiVnded. Centemporaneonaly, the severe bodfly disease, whidi had pandysed the eneigiee ef the proprtetcxr^ has been mitigated ; and he has been, for some time, preparing to renew his interooorse with his former friends, with enlarged means of inqmrtiDg pleasure and instniotion. With lively emotions, he finds himself again in the enjoyment of his former relations with muneious friends; from very many of whom, though peisooally unknown, he has received testimonials of approbation and friendship, which have relieved the pains of severe disease, and which it becomes him, on this oecasioutto acknowledge with deep sensibility* To these friends, it is unnecessaiy to ^dineate the plan hitherto pursued, and still to be adhered to, in the conduct of the Library. But to thm e who are unacquainted with its character, it is necessary to address some words of explanation. They will be few ; for it becomes us simply to describe the library, and not to praise it.

The object of the Library is chiefly to impart instmctioii — but always in an agreeable and entertaining form. We contemplate the publication of "light literatupre,** using the term in its best tease. History written with good sense and animation, biographies and memoirs of eminent persons, voyages, travels, and miscellaneous works, containing desirable information, with occasionally a superior novel or tale, make up nearly the whole sphere in which we wish to move.

As a favourite object is to obtain-^may we not say retain ? — for the Lilurary a high place in the confidence of the domestic cirole, we shall dvays daim and exercise the privilege of pruning the woits w<e sh'altYepnbltsh of every word which could cause the slightest confusion, if read aloud among the most fastidious.

Experience has shown that the Library can furnish a family with almost as much light literature as ft wiH desire, and at a very trifitng expense. In a single year, at an expense to our subscribers of only five ddlars, we have pnblittied from tfiirCy to foity London vofames, whi(^ wonld coet, if purchased at the booksellers, at least fifly to sixty dollars ; besides a hitge number of setections from tiie beet British periodical.

Tims ttueh of the plan of the Libn^y . The propHelor hae em^oyed the term of its snspewston in devising and preparing new means ef (nUy executing thet plan; ^d he beliei«s he has made arrangements, which will render the Library more worthy of the favoui" which has been so libersfiy awvded to it. He has engaged the assistance, in the editorial department, of John Sander&n, Esq., of this city, a g^demau whose Mterary acoomphshments and prodnctions are very favourably known ; and whose extensive acquaintance with pensons of ^ best literary taste and acquirements wQl enable him to enrich the Library from their stores, and guide it witfi reference to their judgments.

Some time ago, in conseqnenoe of the determination of the post-master general to impose postage upon the oov^, (on which appears the Journal of BeHes Lettres,) it was proposed to issue iosteadt a monthly number containing the Journal for the month. The change was resolved upon leluotaatly; b^oause a weekly miscellany, ac^ companying and enlivening each number, was believed to be a valuable part of the Library. The proprietor announces with pleasure, that he has devised a plan hy which this valuable accompaniment may be retained. The Journal of Belles Lettres will be printed on the two external leaves of each number. These twe leaves may be removed, leaving the remaining leaves in a fit state to be bound. In order that the capacity of the Library may not be diminished, five numbers will be given monthly.

A typographical improvement has been made at the suggestion of some of the former readers of the Library. A new and larger type has been procured, (on which this number is printed,)

wUeh will be need with greater sntiMntion than that fortneriy used.

Fin^y, tlie punctuality in issnmg each nuniber, n^idi failed hot once in seven years, win be a sufficient guarantee, it it hoped, for the regular pnUtcalion of the Library heneafier.

JESSE'S MEMOIRS.

We shall be obliged to retrench aomethiog from diis book to accommodate it to our occidental side of the sea, but enough will be left to divert, and weliope instruct, our readers. They will find at the outset, a chapter for that genuine subject of memoirs, James himself, followed by the oiher most distinguished persons of his time —a chapter for the Archbishop of Canterbury, one for the great " secretary of nature," and one of equal length for Archee the FooL By the by, Archee is represented to be not only witty, but a very shrewd, honest, and intelligent personage. A pity it sometimes is that the fool cannot change capa with the monareh. The apposition of Archee and Lord Bacon conveys a reluctant intimation to the mind that wise men are not always the ** better sort of fods.'* A chaptCTr too, is allotted to that eminent and supercilious individual, who was served up by the Duke of Buckingham in a pie. Sir Jefiery Hudson — a kind of pocket Hercules, who mixed in chivalric exploits, and killed his man in a duel, as was to be expected. He was eighteen inches high, and is preserved in a full-lengtli picture by Vandyke.

The second series includes the Protectorate, in which so many of the fiercest passions of human nature were brought into conflict by religious and political excitement — and Charles the Second. ThQre is much in the latter portion too significant of the times. Is it not a pity to eflace the beauties ? We remember the gratification we enjoyed at Hampton Court in contemplating the pretty group by Lely, who had a sense of female beauty, on the side of its frailties, beyond all others of the brush — Casdemaine, who loved every body, Churchill and the king, and Jacob HiUr— made a rope-dancer the rival of majesty, yet so pretty, the gods laughed at her perjuries, for she became no uglier by a single black tooth fotttnaL or nail, but walked forth more the care of love than before. She at her side, who began the world plain Mra Palmer, ia Dudiesf of Cleveland. And next, with indolent languor, sffected and sentimental coquetry, fair hair and complexion, is the grace^l form of Middleton*

** Helas ! avec tant d'attraits precieux, Qui n*etkt M friponnel'*

Lady Denham, too !— Sir John wrote Cooper's Hill, and married Miss Brook. He should have married Miss Brook first Vam man at seventy ! who hoped to reign in a heart of eighteen, and be exempt from the general calamity. Poor DenhsSh I thou wert cut off 'u^ the'fiower of age ai;id beattt)^» jflftoag.a hflar^hrftkftn And jealoua hu»- baad to depknre thy lote^-Hnot without ^e reputation of having poisoned his wife. And the Duchess of Portsmouth, the litde French bribe, wbo was given by Louis with 200,000 francs a freor to «^ settle popery in England." The tall, slim, ei^eet^ and gracefril form of Stewart, who without art — ^by the sole dint of looking pretty, supplanted Castlemdne— -Pived in the very air of Cyprus, and kept herself (they say) almost honest for her legitimate lord, the D\^e of Richmond. She on the left, of the same height and grace, and a face replete with sense and beauty, in spite of her little eyes and turn-up nose, is Hamilton, Countess of Grammont And she next? The orange girl, the rival of Portsmouth, {le rot m^aime autant que sa Portsmouth — Nell,) of such impassioned and benevolent beauty — one wishes to call her Eleanor — it is Nell Gwynn ! Anne Hyde, the tall and stately Clarendon^'s daughter, mistress and duchess of York, and mother of two queens, overlooks the whole. To her we owe this litde court It was she who commissioned Lely to snatch these beauties from the scythe of time. One 6nly is wanting— ^the more remarkable for this. The barbarous Westphalian has let the frail and gentle Chesterfield slip through the fingers of posterity. Any one curious of this kind of lore, who can read ©e'Grammont, will, neither on the score of graee nor propriety, regret Jesse.

Such works as this are to be counted amongst the luxuries of literature. It is delightful, in these days of improved steamboats and universal travel, to go back into the past ages for novelty ; for what is so little new now-a-days as flie ** latest news," a day old? Such works, too, relieve the reader from the toil of research, and bring into view what many a one would never have sought in the grim looking tomes in which it is shelved only for the profound [Scholar. Who is going to wade through the collections of Rushworth, Ludlow, Clarendon, or Walker? — surely not that perpetual man of business, the American. Our encyclopedical list of studies is too extensive for even antediluvian longevity ; and what 13 to be done by one of us frail and ephemeral beings, who is outlived by a beetle ? One of the advantages of this book, is the comparison it enables us to institute, in many particulars, between the new world and the old, and between the presoit and pr«oediiig ages. This comparison seems much in our favour as regards several of the comman(bnent0, and notab^ the foorth. King James, by his royal edict, ordered that his subjects should be indulged in dancing, archery, leaping, vajilting^ May-games, and Morris dances on Sunday. This Jesse calk shedding '< a gleam of sunshine upon the broad shadows of human wretchedoeas." In the last reign but two« I^ady Huntingdon's daughter could not hold her office in the.bed-ehanber, for, beings Methodist, she was averse to pla3rtng cards with the princesses on Smtday.

We haive the advantage, too, (who would think it?) on the score of cleaidiness. The Countess of Dorset says, on quitting the palace of James, she found herself infested (not with b(ugs) with a Vrennia '^scarcely considered delicate to mention ;" and in the succeeding reign, Pepys, who kept.ajoumali writes as follows, under February 124, " Up, finding the beds good, only— ^only infefsited with the vermm whose very name is now considered indelicate." Sydney Smith says, in the face of Erasmus, that << no English gentleman ;ha8 spat upon the floor since the Heptarchy ;" and English g&oAemen* when they visit us now-a-d&ysy'are disrated dt.not fiiiding French cooks, and other epieuve^n delicacies, even beyond the AUeghanyi. Revels uid compotations, also, of. the higher cla^se^ at lensi;, have undeigope a sakuCary change. Jesse has signaUsed Jameses revels, and Pepys speaks thus of Charles IL :*-** Let us drink the king's healthy aaid some one. Why let us, said U^ king* Nay, you must do it on yoiir knees. So he did, and so did all the company ; and. having done it, they all fell a crying for joy, and kissing one ano^bep— 4he king the Duke of Yoric, and the Duke of Yotk the king, and in jmoh a maudlin pickle as never people were, and so passed^tbe day.*' Men are yet Uving who made a fortune by the regular business of picking up drunken gentlemen in the night about the streets of London* At present, i no gentleman at a dinner ever exceeds the boui^ls of 'SmDderate Baedbua.**

In rea&ig the Protectorate, to observe the change from Fttritanism to the merry times of Charles, is a curious speculation. For a long time, laughing deemed to be a modulation of (ace to which the English muscles were entirely disused. That they were Ihus suddenly relaxed, is a phenomenon m physics, if not in morals.

All authorities — ^romance and history — work together unmercifully to the prejudice of James. Every, one knows the indignant manner in which Hume breaks from the enumeration of his weaknesses. " History eharges itself willingly Xvith a relation of the great crimes, and still more with that of the great virtues, of mankjnd-; but she appears to fall from her dignity, whisn necessitated to dwell on such frivolous events and, ignoble personages.'* And so he gives up the pedantry, self-conceit, the puns, the quirks, and solemn trifling of James to the writers of memoirs. In the work before us, he is treated as indolent, a spendthrift, egregiously vain, a hypooote and buffoon, ajid getting drunk and swear. ing habitually ; otherwise, a very unexceptionable pirson, having m ^ost Jndaieal aoiipathy to pigs and a pious horror of tobacco. Jesse attempts to vindicate him from the charge of pedantry. It is certain that he learned at school nAore than the quantity of Latin usually administered to kings, and that he took for his model Soloi^on, wJiom be followed with great emulation. Whether he had a head properly timbered for Latin or other learning, wiU be best ascertttned from the aetkms of his life.

If kings were remarkably great and good men, republicanism would go out of fashion. But — tyrants ^partr— when you have read of Charles tiM B^d, «d Chailes the At» s»d< ?fa s rte s the Simple, their story is told. A man of even tolerable merit, such as Henry IV., passes among kmgs for a sort of minde* TenpliBS aie bmilt, and incense is bnmt upon his dtars. Tlie best advotc^^tes of democracy, after all^ are kjogs. This opinion is nttered ftom^ ao' spite aft sobfiity or Aonordhyk :iSw^ m seiltnnevt: is noC neoeft> ssfy to the preservadoa of the. republio. At least the 'Bomans, who woald- as lief see bis Satanic majesty rule at Rome ».akin§, wen not the more preserved for their royal aalftpathies. A man of good taste wiU ss maf« wish the mboardiy of England, with its maduneiy of nobles, haaioh cid froia -Aehr island, than the gods and foddessss from die Ihad or OdysAey* Kings are good things, if only lo make novels out of. One likes to be vexed at refined and dignified distresses, and to laugh at the expense of one's betters. Walter Seott has turned both James and his snoeessor in this way to good stoouat

The style of Jesse's book is correct, harmonious, and sometimes elegant ; but ratl^er aiming at the dignity of history, tfwm the easier graces of the memoir. He has said nothing new, and is not always correct in his anecdote. He sometimes takes ** Pierre ponr Thomas J* An obsei^ vatton made by Queen Elizabelh to Nicholas Bacon about his viHa, is applied to Francis ; and at page 220, Vol. H, he says, " Richelieu, how^ ever, triumphed over his rival, though Beckingham did not live to see it. AAer the death of her husband, Louis the Thirteenth, the queen united herself to the cardinalt his sacerdotal habit, as he had never taken priest's orders, proving no obstacle to their nnfon. Richdieu soon grew tired of her, and treated her unkindly." Now the feet is, that the eardhial died B^ember 4th, 1©42, and Louis in the followinf May, 1643, m consequence of which, the ca^ dinal did not marry the widow, and bemg dead, did not treat her unkindly.

Thete is a charm about memoirs which no other species of writing posfiesseii, so fond li the world of tittle-tattle. A language follows the genius and habits of the people who speak it. The French are the only truly social people, and of all the world, the only people who can talk, write letters, and make anas, vaudevilles, and memoirs. We call to witness, Proissart,

J

WALDIE'S LIBRARY.

^tmtftu U the Ctoiuri tf Snalm^

REIGN OF THE STUARTS,

nSCMJJmiMa the f^BOVBOtOEATC.

PRBFAOB.

It is a fact, which cannot have escaped observation, that while French Literature abounds with private memoirs and personal anecdote, our own is deplorably deficient in agreeable chronicles of this nature. To the author, or rather compiler, of this work, the want appeared to be less owing to the absence of materials, than to a requisite diligence in bringing them to light ; in a word, that there existed a supply of latent stores in our own language (buried, as it were, among voluminous records and forgotten pamphlets) sufficient to form a succinct social history of disidnguished characters, who figure more or less in every portion of our annals.

With this view of the subject, it occurred to to the author that the private history of the Reigns of the Stuarts arid of the Protectorate, — their families, and others intimately connected with the Court, — would present a series of ameable and instructive anecdotes ; would furnish the means of introducing the reader to the principal personages of their day, and of exhibiting the monarch and the statesman in their undress ; while, at tiie same time, it would afibrd an insight into human character, and a picture of the manners of the age.

It could not escape tfie author, that some of tfie anecdotes containea in ^e present volumes, have already appeared in more than one popular woric of modem date. Bat it would have been impossible for him to follow out his intended plan, and to give a complete and distinct form to his sketches, without partially treading in the footsteps of other writers ; in those instances, however^ where he has been compelled to make use of the same materials, his researches, whenever it was practicable, have been extended to the fountain-head.

The author now ventures to put forth the present volumes as a portion only of his labonrs. Should others agree with him in thinking that a work Hke the present has, m any degree supplied a desideratum in our literature, he will consider himself folly repaid for tfie trouble it has cost him ; at the same ^me, he is free to confess that he would have been as well pleased, had the task fallen into abler hands.

JAMES I.

CHAP, I.

The reign of James the First is eminently deficient in matters of stirring and general interest. A timid prince, a people not discontented, a long peace abroad, and a tolsrably submissive parlianeiit aft hoBie, supply butmeafie materids to the hiitofiaii. It is not, therefoie, tea nneh to expect, duit, itt tfie private history of the indiridttal, ia Ae manners of the time, and flie intrigues of 1—41. 1 the court, some slight compensation may be found for the absence of more important events.

The peaceable career of James, and his un* warlike character, are the more remarkable, when we reflect on the eventful history of the unhappy and turbuleiU race from whence he sprang. With the Stuarts, misfortune had been hereditary. For six generations, his immediate ancestors, with the single exception of a broken heart, had met with violent and untimely ends. His mother had sufiered on the scaffold, and his father fell by the hand of an assassin ; and it is singular that James should have stood between two crowned heads, his mother and his heir, who were the first and almost only instances in modem times of the sovereign suffering by the hands of the executioner. It would appear indeed as if Providence had conferred a peculiar blessing on the peace-maker. His ancestors, fond of war and familiar with bloodshed, had with difficulty retained possession of their birthrights, while James, who even shuddered at ihe si^t of a drawn sword, became master of a kingdom threefold the value of his inheritance, w'e must remember, however, that in James the love of peace was less the effect of principle than of constitutional infirmity.

The slight difierenoes which occurred during this reign to ruffle the quiet tenor of puUio feeing, arose almost entirely from subjects of a religious or parliamentary nature. It was Boldy the fault of James that his career at home was not in every respect as peaceable as it was abroad. His endeavours to encroach on public liberty caused, in a great degree, the opposition of his parliament : his attempts to o<mciliate all parties, in matters of religion, ended in his satisfying none. The great source of iBtersst which his reign gTOduces, is denved from the gradual advanoss whic^ were effected in parliamentary liberty. With little to engage their attention abroad, the Commons began to be jealous of tbeb privileges, and the nation at large of its rights ; these are the circumstances which throw a peculiar, and ahnost the sde politieal inteiesiover ihe reign of James. It is as curious as it Is instructive to watdbi the birth of that spark, which burst forth in the wikl rage for liberty in the sufloeeding reign. James hid really less of the despot in him than Elizabeth ; but the natioa oould bear the golden chains of the 0B6, while it contemned the ehunsy fetters of the other.

James the First was bom in Edinburgh eastle, 19th Jmie, 15M. The apartment m whioh he first saw liM light was, within the last few years, and pnibalbi^ stBl is, a guard-room for soldiers. In tiiose who aie influenced by local associations, that apartment mast stBl excite no shght degree of interest ; less, perhaps, as die birthplace of James, than as being identified with the sorrows of Maiy Stuart. The clouds of misfortune had gathered fast aMnrnd that beaut^y but imprudent woman. She had irretrievably disgusted her nobility by her impolitic preference of the arrogant itaHan Rizzio, and her people by her open exercise of the Romish faith ; her misunderstondings with her husband, the weak and showy Lord Damley,. had produced positive hatred and eonseqent misery on both sides. The ministen of the Puritan or Reformed Church, were daHy intruding their conscientious brutality in her pre« sence, or promulgating their rebellious tenets' amonsr her subjects ; uid, within a very short the blood of her favourite servant Rizzio been actually shed before her face, — a remarkable spene of violence, when we consider that her own husband, who ought to have been the first to cherish the wife who was shortly to become a mother, uid die Lord Chancellor, who should have been foremost to protect the laws and the person of his queen, were the principal actors in that detestable outrage.

The quean and the Puritaa clmy wero equally atixious to baptise the heir to the throne, aecording to the eeremonials of their respective faiths. An assemUy of the church, whidi h«|>- pened to be convened at EMinburgh at the time, while they sent to congratulate the unfortunate mother, expressed their great solicitude on the sit^eot. The supehnten^ent q£ L^ian» a dmk of a milder niters than his fellows, was tii^ir d^ gaie en the oooisioB. Mary reeeived him with her usual sweetness, but returned no answer as regsffded the pisMipiil object of his niissian. She sent, however, fiur the royal infant in onto to intvoduoe the superintendent to bis future king. The minister fell on his knees and breathed a short prayer for his welfare ; he then took the babe in his aims and pkyfully told him to say amen for himself, which the queen^ gfiys Archbishop Spotswood, *< took in such good part as oontiuually afterwards to call the superintendent her AmenJ*^ This story, in after life, was repeated to James, who, from diat period, always addressed the superintendent by the same familiar name.*

Immediately aAer tfie birth of the prince, Sir James Melvil was despatched by Mary to convey the intelligence to her sUter^ the Queen of England. The account which Melvil gives of this mission is perhaps the most amusing part of his memoirs. Elizabeth was in high spirits, enjoying herself et a ball at Greenwieh, when Ae event was atmoanced to her. Notwithstanding her habitual self-command, and the fact that the possibility of such an event must have been long a source of anxiety, the jealous ferlkigs of the woman prevailed, and her chagrin was but too evident 'Hie dancing instantly ceased, and the queod sat down in her chair, leaning her head upon her hand, and remaaning for some time speechless. «< The Queen of Scots," she said to one of her ladies who inquired the cause of her melancholy, ** is die mother of a fair son, while I am but a barren stock." She did not fail, however, to call dissimtdation to her aid, and the next morning, when Mehril reeeived his audience, she appeared gayer and better dressed than usual ; and, though she deceived no one but herself, expressed the sinoerest affection for the Queen of Scots, and joy at her happy d^very.

The innocent cause of thb jealousy was baptised at Stirling, 17th December, 1666, by the Bishop of St Andrews, according to to the rites of the Romish Church. Such of the Scottish nobles as prof^ed the reformed religion absented themselves fh>m die ceremony. His godfhthers

^Spotswodd's History of the Church of SeotIand» p. 196«

WALDEB^ UBRART.

V. Jg were the King of France aud Hiilibtrt Duke of SaToy ; Elizabeth consented to be his godmother, and by her representatiTe, the Earl of Bedford, sent a present of a golden font, valued at three thousand crowns. After the conclusion of the ceremony, the youpg prince was publicly proclaimed by the heteditair titles of Priaee and Steward of Scotland, Duke of Rothsay, Eatl of Carrick, Lord of Ae Isles, aftd Baron of Renfrew. According to Sir Theodore Mayerae, who subsequently became Ae physician of James, the wet nurse of Ifae young prince Was a drunkard, and it was owing to her milk becoming &us vitiated,, that, though early weaned, he was unable to wdk alone before his sixth year.*

I'he birth of an heir to Ae Arone ought not only to have added to Mary's influence at home ; but, with proper management, Elizabeth might have been fcveed to aeknowle<%e hw as her sucoessor to the erown of Englaad* NodiiBg, however, could «»eeed Mail's egregioQs imptudenoe fi0d, shaftwe add, iniquity, at this peiiod. Within the short space of two years, ^e greater number of loose incidents occurred which have thrown so much of fearful, yet romantic, interest over her hktoty. The mttjider of her husband, and her consequeBt marriage with Bethwell ; the insurrection of Lord Hume ; her eonfinement and forced abdication at Lochlevin; her romantic escape from Uiat fortress ; the battle of Langside ; and ner flifi[ht into ERgiand-— are M iudiided in that perioa, and closed every hope of her again enjoying the sovereign dignity. In order, however, to weaken her remaining influence still more, aad to strengthen the claims of her son, it

I decided that the younr prince, though only thirteen months eld, ^ould he solemnly crowned in her stead. The inauguration of die royal baby was performed at Stirling by the Bishop of Orkney, 29lJi July, 1567. The coronation sermon was preached by the celebrated John Knox ; and the oaths, that he should maintain the reformed religion, and administer equal justice, were somewhat unscnipnloudy taken b^ the Earl of Morton and Lord liome.t Soon after the ceremony, the republican parQr, whose hopes were naturally elated by the events which were taking place, caused a coin to be struck, on which was inscribed the well-known motto df Trajan : Pro me ; H mereau in me.-*-" For me ; and if I deserve it, against me.'*

James was a pedant even when a hoy. His tutor, the £unous historian J^chatuna, though he communicated to him a pc»rtion of his learning, imparted but litde of his own elegant taete to his royal pepil. In the treatment of his charge, he i4>pean not only to have been laudably uninfluenced by rank and circumstance, but to have behaved himself towards Jamed as the most rigid disciplinafian. On one^eccasion the young king was engaged in some bofisterous Sport, with his playfellow the Master of Ersldne, at a time when Buchanan was deeply engaged in his studies. The tutor was anaoyed, and declare that he would admini3ter a sound flogging if the interruption' contimied. James announced stoutly that he should like to see who would bell the tat; at which the tutor started up, threw away his book, and performed the threatened chastisement most effectually. To his playfellow, the young Earl of Mar, James ever continued his regard. The earl afterwards became enamoured of Mary Stuart, daughter of Esme Duke of Lennox^ and on her i^eotintf him, became the; victim of ^eepondency, andleU seriously ill. " By my saul,** said James, " Mar shanna dee for e'er a lass in ^ land!" Aecordmgiy he inteHered in favour of his eariy companion, and Lady Mary eventuallv became his wife, and the mother of his children.