Stonewall Jackson: a military biography

Front matter

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STONEWALL JACKSON:

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Chap. I. — Country Boy and Constable. . n. — Cadet at West Point

ni. — Lieutenant of ArtUlery in Mexico, . .

IV. — Professor at Lexington, V. — Jacksou is appointed Colonel of Volunteers, VL— The VaUey, . .

VIL— The First Brigade, . . . .

Vlll. — Johnston Eetreats, IX.— The "Affair at FalUng Waters,"

X. — Johnston leaves the Valley, XI. — Advance of the Grand Army, .

XII. — Manassas, . . . . .

Part II. The Campaign Of The Valley

Chat. I.— The Autumn of 1861,

II. — Jackson's Farewell Address to his Brigade, III. — Jackson's Plan, ....

IV. — The Winter March to Romney,

11 82 86 88

CONTENTS.

Chap. V. — Jackson falls back from Winchester, VI. — Kernatown, VII. — Behind the Scenes, .

Vin.— McDoweU, IX. — Jackson flanks his Adversary, X. — General Banks Retreats, .

XI. — ^Winchester, .

Xn.— The Lion in the Toils, .

Xni.— Out of the Meshes, .

XIV.— The Death of Ashby, XV. — Jackson narrowly escapes Capture, XVI.— Cross Keys, XVn.— Port Republic, XVIII.— Jackson in June, 1862, .

PAOB

Part III. Feom Poet Eepublio To Chan0ell0e8ville

Chap. I.—" General T. J. Jackson, Somewhere," . . .200

TI.— On the Chickahominy, ..... 206

III.— Cold Harbor, . . . . . .214

IV. — General McClellan retreats to James River, . . 227

v.— Malvern Hill, . . . . . .233

VI. — ^Federal Accounts of the Retreat, . . . 238

Vn.- The end of the Drama, . . . . .245

Vin. — General Pope in Culpepper, ... . . 249

X. — Jackson Pursues, ..... 263

XI. — General Lee advances from the Rapidan, . . . 267

XIL — ^The March to Manassas, ..... 274

XIIL— Jackson at Bay, . . . . .284

XV.— The Second Battle of Manassas, . . .295

XVL — Oxhill, or Germantown, . . . . . . 303

CONTENTS.

PAGB

Chap. XVII. — General Lee enters Maryland, .... 307

XVIII. — Boonsboro' and Crampton's Gap, . . . Bll

XIX.— Capture of Harper's Ferry, . . . .320

XX. — Sharpsburg, or Antietam, . . . . 327

XXL— Shepherdstown, . . . .343

XXIL— The Campaign, ..... 345

XXin. — General Lee's Address to his Army, . . . 347

XXrV. — Jackson and his Veterans Resting, . . . 349

XXV.— General McClellan Advances, . . . .356

XXVI.— Jackson halts, ..... 362

XXVII.— Change of Commanders, ... 365

XXVIIL— Fredericksburg, ... 368

XXIX. — General Bumside attempts a last Advance, . . 379

XXX. — Jackson at Fredericksburg, .... 384

XXXI.— Winter Quarters at Moss Neck, . . . .388

XXXII. — Federal preparations for the Campaign of 1863, . 394

XXXIIL— The Campaign Opens, . . . . .397

XXXIV.— General Hooker Advances, .... 401

XXXV.— In the Wilderness, . . . . .404

XXXVI.— Chancellorsville, ..... 411

XXXVIL— The Result of Jackson's Movement, . . 429

XXXVm— " It is All Right," 438

TXXTX. — Jackson's Remains taken to Lexington,. . 445

XL. — Jackson the Soldier and the Man, . . 450

Appendix

BY EEV. J. W. JONES, D. D.

Personal Reminiscences and Anecdotes . ■ . . . 467 Proceedings attending the Unveiling of the Bronze Statue of Jackson— the Gift of England to Virginia — at Richmond, October

26, 1875 514

Oration by Rev. Moses D. Hoge, D, D. . . . . 556

The Spirit of the Press . . .... 573

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PORTRAITS ON- STEEL.

General Stonewall Jackson. - General Hooker.

General Egbert E. Lee. - General J. E. Johnston. - General Hood. - General McClelian. - General McDowell.

General Beauregard. - General Longstreet. - General Ewell. - General Pope. - General A. P. Hill.

General J. E. B. Stuart.

MAPS.

Portion of the Valley of Virginia. Battle of Sharpsburq. " Battle of Port Eepublic. - Battle of Chancellorsvillb.

Battle of Cold Harbor. - Battle of Manassas. -

ILLUSTRATIONS ON WOOD.

ItASt Meeting of Generals Lee and Stonewall Jackson. View of Foley's Statue of Jackson.

STONEWALL JACKSON.

PAET I.

FROM HIS CHILDHOOD TO THE FIRST BATTLE OF MANASSAa

Chapter I. Country Boy And Cokstable

The Jackson family came from England to Virginia in the last century. Jolin Jackson, the first of whom we have mention, settled near "Weston, in Lewis County, beyond the Alleghanies, and his son Edward became county surveyor, and served ia the Legislature. Jonathan, the son of Edward Jackson, settled in the town of Clarksburg in Harrison County, where he commenced the practise of the law, and married Miss Neal of Wood County. Of his four childi'en by this marriage, two sons and two daughters, Thomas Jonathan, born at Clarksburg, Januaiy 21, 1824, was the youngest.

The events of Jackson's life up to the commencement of the late war are not sufficiently interesting to justify very extended notice, but some particulars deserve to be recorded. The Jacksons did not belong to the class of planters, living in luxury and elegance on the seaboard, but to that energetic, intelligent, and thrifty population which settled in Western Virginia. In the

10 LIFE OF STONEWALL JACKSCN.

first generation they cleared the laad, estahlished mills, and tilled the soil. In succeeding generations they were lawyers, judges, memhers of the Legislature, and soldiers, filling offices of usefulness, and occasionally of distinction. Their manners were plain, their houses and style of living unpretending, but the class to which the family belonged was justly regarded as one of the most intelligent and respectable in the Commonwealth.

Jonathan Jackson practised law for many years with success, and became a thriving citizen, but his latter years were overshadowed by misfortune. His wife died, and the amiable gentleman having become security for needy friends, found all the hard-earned profits of his profession swept away. "Wlien he died in 1827, be left his children penniless. Jackson was then three years old. The child was thus left, upon the very threshold of life, to learn the hard lesson of poverty. It is the old story which meets us at the commencement of many a great career, and need not be dwelt upon. The boy was taken to the house of a Dutch farmer, his uncle-in-law, who probably did not make an agreeable impression upon him, as he soon ran aAvay and took refuge with a kind aunt, the wife of Judge Allen of the Court of Appeals. It is said that when the lady gently chid the forlorn young runaway, and urged him to return to his uncle, he replied, with great calmness and decision, " Maybe I ought, ma'am, but / am not going to." Another uncle, Cummings E. Jackson, now came to his succor, and took him to the old family homestead near "Weston. Here he remained until he was sixteen, acquiring the rudiments of a plain English education at an old field school, and assisting his uncle in the labors of the farm. His subsequent acquisitions were all due to the hours spent in study at West Point and Lexington.

The character of the boy at this time seems to have been earnest and energetic. At sixteen he had secured so high a reputation for intelligence and probity, that the Justices of the County Court of Lewis elected him constable, the duties of which office he performed with credit and efficiency. It is probaljle> however, that the position did not please him, and hearing

COHNTET BOY AND CONSTABLE. H

that there was a vacancy at "West Point, he at once determined to apply for the appointment. This intention was expressed to a friend, Colonel J. M. Bennett, who urged the high standard of studies at the great pubKc school, and asked the boy if he had prepared himself. Jackson's reply was, " I am very ignorant, but I can make it up by study. I know I have the energy, and I think I have the intellect."

This reply pleased Colonel Bennett so much that he at once sat down and wrote a letter of introduction to the representative of the district in Congress, lu'ging him to assist the youth, and with this letter in his pocket Jackson resigned his office of constable and set out for Washington. An incident of this journey indicated how much importance he attached to the observance of his promises. He borrowed a friend's horse to ride to Clarksburg, where he expected to take the stage, promising to leave the animal at a certain stable in the town, but upon reaching the place found that the stage was several miles upon its way. This was a serious disappointment to the ardent youth, and a friend, seeing his trouble, urged him to ride to the next town, where he could come up with the vehicle, promising to send after the borrowed horse and return him to his owner. The temptation to accept this offer was great. The roads were ancle deep in mud, and the stage rapidly rolling on its way ; the only obstacle was his promise to leave the horse at Clarksburg. He declined the friendly offer, delivered the horse at the appointed place, and shouldering his baggage set off on foot through the mud to catch the stage. He came up with it, and proceeded to "Washington. This occurred in June, 1842. Jackson's application was successful, and on the first of July in the same year he was admitted a cadet at "West Point.

Chapter II. Cadet At West Point

Such is a glimpse of Jackson, the orphan boy, at home in Virginia. "We have next to look upon the country-bred youth, clad in the neat uniform of the West Point cadet, and making indefatigable exertions to keep up with his class. His studies were algebra, geometry, and French, and in the same class with him were Generals McClellan, Foster, Reno, Stoneman, Couch, and Gibbon of the United States army afterwards, and Generals A. P. Hill, Pickett, Maury, D. R. Jones, W. D. Smith, and Wilcox of the Confederate States army.

It may encourage others to know that his progress was slow. At the end of the first year his standing in a class of seventy was 45 in mathematics, 70 in French, and 51 in general merit, with 15 demerits. During the second year he made visible pi'Ogress, however. At the examination he stood 18 in mathematics, 52 in French, 68 in drawing, 55 in engineering, and 30 in general merit, with 26 demerits. At the end of his final year he was 12 in engineering, 5 in ethics, 11 in artillery, 21 in infantry tactics, 11 in mineralogy and geology ; had 7 demerits, and his graduating standing, including all previous drawbacks, was 17. His "general standing" in his first year had been 51 ; in his second 30 ; in his third 20 ; in his fourth it was 17. One of his companions declared, Avilh apparent justice, that if ho remained four years longer he would graduate at the head of his class. This progress had been the result of hard study. Of genius, in any form, we find no traces in him at this period. All was resolute toil. He did not penetrate the subject before him at a glance, but mastered it by laborious application, breaking the obdurate husk only by incessant blows. Every hour brought progress. What he once acquired was drilled into his mind, and every step which he ascended was solid under his feet.

CADET AT WEST POINT. 13

Of the youth's personal appearance and deportment at this period of his life some traits are remembered. He was not social in his habits, and made no figure in society. His natural character and his position in life were both opposed to the fun, frolic, and abandon of the volatile youths at great public schools. He had come to West Point to secure an education which would enable him to rise from his " low estate " of dependence upon his relations, or the distasteful drudgery of his office of constable, and from this great object he permitted no social enjoyments to divert him. The self-denial was not difficult, however. Jackson was not fond of society, and made no impression in it. He was neither gay nor witty, and had little or no humor. In character and appearance he was sedate and earnest ; in manner shy and ungraceful. The recollection is stUl preserved of many of his personal peculiarities — ^his simplicity and absence of suspicion when all around him were laughing at some of his odd ways ; his grave expression and air of innocent inquiry when some jest excited general merriment, and he could not see the point ; his solitary habits and self-contained deportment ; his absence of mind, awkwardness of gait, and evident indifference to every species of amusement. These eccentricities attracted attention, and were the subjects of jesting comment ; but this comment was not ill-natured. The kindness and simplicity of the hard-working youth seem to have made him many friends, and disarmed all hostility.

In relation to his intellectual faculties, his associates are unanimous in declaring that he exhibited no indications whatever of his futui'e career. They gave him credit for an amount of industry and energy which would enable him to accomplish much, but there is nothing to show that his most intimate friends at this time suspected him of possessing any thing resembling military genius.

CHAPTER ni.

LIEUTENANT OF ARTILLERY IN MEXICO.

Jackson graduated and received the appointment of brevet second lieutenant of artillery on July 1, 1846. He left West Point at a fortunate moment. The United States were at war with Mexico. All the roving and adventurous classes of society swarmed toward the Rio Grande, fired by the fancy of picturesque warfare in a romantic country ; and it is probable that Jackson, then but twenty-two, shared this general excitement. He was assigned to the First Regiment of United States Artillery, then serving under General Taylor in Mexico, and proceeded immediately to join his command. It is known that he had a strong desire for active service, but this craving was not for some time gratified. The regiment remained inactive until the spring of 1847 ; but active operations tlien commenced, and the battery to which Jackson was attached was sent to take part in the assault on Vera Cruz. About the same time he received his appointment as second lieutenant, and commanded a battery of siege guns during the bombardment. His conduct imder fire for the first time must have been creditable. In August, for " gallant and meritorious conduct at the siege of Vera Cruz," he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant.

After the fall of this fortress, the American army advanced upon the city of Mexico. All Jackson's aspirations now pointed to a position in the light artillery. The command of heavy guns did not suit his temperament, and his preference for service in the field was soon gratified. Captain John B. Magruder led the storming party at Cerro Gordo and captured a Mexican battery, which General Scott thereupon presented to him as a reward for his gallantry ; and Jackson immediately applied ibr a position under Magruder.

LIEUTENANT OF AETILLEEY IN MEXICO. 15

" I wanted to see active service," he said in after years, " to be near the enemy and in the fight ; and when I heard that John Magruder had got his battery, I bent all my energies to be with him, for I knew if any fighting was to be done, Magruder would be ' on hand.' "

He succeeded in securing his transfer, and took a prominent part in the assault on the enemy's intrenched camp at Contreras, and in the stubborn struggle which followed at Churubusco. " My fire was opened," wrote Captain Magruder, " and continued with great rapidity for about an hour. In a few moments Lieutenant Jackson, commanding the second section of the battery, who had opened a fire upon the enemy's works from a position on the right, hearing our own fire still further in front, advanced in handsome style, and kept up the fire with

great briskness and effect Lieutenant Jackson's conduct

was equally conspicuous throughout the whole day, and I cannot too highly commend him to the major-general's favorable consideration."

This report was addressed to " Captain J. Hooker, A. A. G.," afterwards General Hooker.

In the report of General Twiggs the young lieutenant was mentioned for " gallant services ; " and for " gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco," he was brevetted captain. On the 8th of September came the victory of El Molino del Rey ; and on the 13th the city of Mexico was stormed and taken.

Jackson had borne his fair share of the toils and dangers of the campaign, and had secm'ed high commendation. The source and character of this commendation^ place his merit beyond question. General Scott twice mentioned him in his report, and declared that he had " gained merited praise." General Worth wrote : " After advancing some four hundred yards we came to a battery which had been assailed by a portion of Magruder's field-guns — particularly the section under the gallant Lieutenant Jackson, who, although he had lost most of his horses and many of his men, continued chivakously at his post, combating with

IG LIFE OF STONEWALL JACKSON.

noble courage." General Pillow wrote : " Captain Magruder's , field-battery, one section of which was served with great gallantry by himself, and the other by his brave lieutenant, Jackson, in the face of a galling fire from the enemy's intrenched positions, did valuable service preparatory to the general assault. . . The advanced section of the battery, under the command of the brave Lieutenant Jackson, was dreadfully cut up and almost disabled." Captain Magruder made mention of the young man's services throughout his report, and wrote : " I beg leave to call the attention of the major-general commanding the division to the conduct of Lieutenant Jackson of the First Artillery. If devotion, industry, talent, and gallantry are the highest qualities of a soldier, then he is entitled to the distinction which their profession confers."

This warm testimony to the young soldier's skill and courage was not disregarded. For " gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Chepultepec, September 13, 1847," he was brevetted major. In less than a year he had risen from brevet second lieutenant to brevet major, distinguishing himself so greatly in every action as to attract the attention, and secure the especial notice of his generals, including the commander-in-chief. "The brave Lieutenant Jackson" — "The gallant Lieutenant Jackson" — his "devotion, industry, talent, and gallantry" — these tributes to his merits as a soldier had been showered upon him by some of the bravest and most famous ofiicers of the army ; and such praise must have thrilled to the very depths of a heart, at that time, if not afterwards, passionately sensitive to military glory.

An incident, Avhich appears to rest upon good authority, will serve to convey an idea of the young lieutenant's coolness and nerve. His section had opened fire on the enemy's intrenchments, and drawn upon itself a whirlwind of iron which tore man and horse to pieces. Men fell around the guns at every moment, and the fire of the enemy at last became so terrible tliat the bravest of the cannoneers fled from the pieces. Only Jackson and n sergeant were left, and dismounting, the youthful

LIEUTENANT OF AETILLEEY IN MEXICO. 17

lieutenant took the sponge staff, and, with the assistance of his sergeant, began to load and fire with immovable phlegm and coolness. He was thus engaged when Magruder rode up and ordered him to withdraw his guns ; but against this Jackson strongly remonstrated. He could hold his ground, he declared, and if General Worth would only send him fifty regulars, he would silence the enemy's batteries and render their capture easy. Magruder acquiesced, the men were sent, and Jackson immediately advanced his section, opening with a more rapid and destructive fire than before. The opposing batteries were silenced, the works were charged, and the American troops were soon occupying them.

On another occasion when his men ran from the pieces, and crouched behind a bank for shelter from a heavy fire of artillery, Jackson is said to have advanced into the open space, which was every moment being ploughed up with shot and shell, calling out with great coolness, " Come on ! This is nothing. You see they can't hurt me ! "

Long after the war, in 1858, a gay youth at Lexington asked Jackson one day if one of these anecdotes was true, and receiving a reply in the affirmative, added :

" That was a very hot place, wasn't it. Major? "

" Yes, very hot," was the reply.

" Why didn't you run. Major ! " asked another as the laugh ran round the cii'cle. With a smile Jackson replied :

" I was not ordered to do so. If I had been ordered to run, I would have done so ; but I was directed to hold my position, and I had no right to abandon it."

Such was the explanation of the ex-artillerist ; but we suspect that the character of his audience, or self-deception, led him to dwell too exclusively on the motive of duty. That motive may have been controlling with him, and the question of his young pupil gave him an excellent opportunity to enlarge upon it, and " point a moral." But behind the composed mask of the grave Lexing-ton professor we think we can discern the grim smile of the artillerist of Contreras, Churubusco, and Chepul- 2 tepcc. Whatever may have been the sentiment of Major Jackson of the Virginia Military Institute, Lieutenant Jackson of the United States Army in Mexico loved fighting. He loved it to the last with all his piety and kindliness ; and for the simple reason that his organization was essentially dominant, combative, delighting in antagonism. Until greatly changed by religious feeling, he seems to have loved fighting for its OAvn sake ; and it is certain that he performed his military duties in Mexico with the greatest gusto. He docs not seem at that time to have been at all pious. He was a young soldier leading a soldier's life, in the atmosphere of the camp ; busy with many things ; full of ambition ; in good healtli ; and delighted with this " best of all possible worlds " in which he had become a major of artillery at the age of twenty-three. To have his battery in readiness for action at a moment's notice — to got the best position, stand to his guns, do the enemy the largest amount of damage, and thereby secure "honorable mention" and a brevet — ^this was probably regarded as the chief end of man by the young and ardent artillerist.

It may be said that there was nothing very grand about all this ; but it is something to be a good soldier, and Jackson certainly Avas such. He worked hard in camp, and fought hard in the field. iQeyolion, industry, talent, and gallantry are not possessed by every one ; but Magrudcr, who knew Jackson intimately, declared that he possessed them.

He was more than a good soldier afterwards — he was a very great man. But that was when a sublimer thirst than that for human glory had made him a true " Soldier of the Cross."

PBOFESSOE AT LEXINGTON. 19

Chapter IV. Professor At Lexington

The capture of the city of Mexico ended the war, and peace was soon declared between the two countries.

The United States forces were withdrawn, and we next hear of Major Jackson in Florida, where the remnant of the Indian tribes formerly inhabiting that region still carried on hostilities against the Government. Here his health gave way. He had never been a person of very robust constitution, though capable of enduring great fatigue, and the swampy airs of Florida soon told upon a frame subjected to a heavy strain in the campaigns of Mexico.

This feeble state of health was probably the main reason which induced him to accept a proposition made to him early in the year 1851, to become a candidate for the chair of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at the Virginia Military Institute. This step involved a relinquishment of all the dreams of military glory which had so long filled his mind. He was called upon to bid farewell to that " pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war" which he loved ; to hang up the sword battered in glorious encounter ; to close his eyes to all the bright hopes of the future ; and, his " occupation gone," settle down into a simple professor, drilling knowledge into the minds of his pupils year after year, with no wars, no battles, no thunder of the cannon any more. It must have been a hard struggle with the young soldier. The cainp had now become his home : the service his chosen occupation, in which were centred all his joys and aspirations. He must consent to sever at a single blow the tie so firmly knit : to commence life afresh, and bending all his energies in a different direction, make usefulness his aim, no longer military glory. His health, or other circumstances, however decided him. He wrote ft'ora Fort Meade, Florida, February 25, 1851, to Colonel

(now General) Francis H. Smith, superintendent of the institute, acquiescing in the proposition to bring his name before the Board of Visitors, and said : " Though strong ties bind me to the army, yet I cannot consent to decline so flattering an offer." Other names had been submitted to the Board by the Faculty of West Point, all distinguished for high scholarship and gallant services — among them Generals McClellan, Reno, and Rosecrans, of the Northern army, and General G. W. Smith of the Confederate army. McClellan, Reno, Rosecrans, Jackson ! Such was the occasion upon which these afterwards celebrated athletes came in collision. The Virginian unhorsed all his opponents, and, March 28, 1851, was elected.

We have stated that the condition of Jackson's health was probably the controlling motive for his relinquishment of active service in the field. It is proper to add, however, that he stated to his intimates that one of his objects was to keep his mind fresh, especially in artillery tactics, in order to " embrace any opportunity that might offer, for obtaining command in the event of war." Whether he then contemplated the great collision between the North and the South, is not stated. The authority for the above statement adds : " He seemed to feel that he wa3 bom for command ; " but at a later period, these martial longings are said to have greatly diminished. He had become a professor of religion, and " would have engaged in no military service but one really defensive ; and while desirous of honorable regard, his great aim was duty — good to be done — an approving conscience, and the glory of God."

On the 1st of September, 1851, Major Jackson entered upon his duties as Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Instructor of Artillery in the Virginia Military Institute near Lexington. Whatever doubts he may have had about his new duties, there could be no doubt that the locality was a change for the better. Lexington is a to^NTi situated in the county of Rockbridge, in the Valley of Virginia, surrounded by blue mountains, and in the midst of smiling fields. Nowhere can be found a purer air, or a more charming landscape. It

PEOFESSOK AT LEXINGTON. 21

was a good exchange for the miasmatic atmosphere of the low grounds of Florida, fruitful in fevers, and stealing away the life of the unacclimated stranger. Such was Jackson's new home, and life must have had a gay and smiling appearance to him there from the beginning. We know that the region soon became dearer to him than all others.

Here were spent the most tranquil and serenely happy hours of a manhood which commenced and ended amid the storms of battle ; and here were first revealed to him the full glory and sublimity of that faith in God, which soon became the master element of his being. At Lexington he was happy as husband, father, friend, and citizen ; and to this spot of earth the rigid form of the dead soldier, was sent back, and, borne on a caisson of the cadet battery, committed to the earth. He had asked them to bury him there, to let his bones repose in the dear earth to which his thoughts recurred with so much tenderness. On his death-bed, when his hours were numbered, and his spirit drifted slowly toward eternity, the pale lips opened, and he murmured in a whisper :

" Bury me in Lexington, in the Valley of Virginia ! "

Two important events mark this period of Jackson's life — his marriage and profession of religion. He married Miss Junkin, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Junkin, President of Washington College. This lady did not long survive her marriage, and her only child, a daughter, died in infancy. Several years after the death of his first wife he was again married to Miss Morrison of North Carolina. By this marriage he had one child, Julia, born a few months before his death.

Jackson became a member of the Presbyterian church of the town, then under the charge of an excellent old man, the Eev. Dr. White. The circumstances leading to this public profession of Christian faith are unknown to the present writer ; but it is certain that he speedily became an active and prominent member of the church, and filled, during his residence at Lexington, important secular positions in it. Every Sunday, with military regularity, the figure of the Professor was seen in his pew at the Presbyterian churcli, hymn-book in hand, his earnest countenance turned up to the pulpit with close attention. Religious duties soon became the controlling occupation of his life ; the society of good men and women his chief relaxation and greatest source of pleasure. All who know any thing of Jackson, and observed him in private then and during his l^criod of command iu the field thereafter, will remember the marked preference which he displayed for the society of clergymen, and the childlike fondness, almost tenderness, which he exhibited toward the pious ladies whom he encountered on his marches. Ilis reputation as an earnest and devoted Christian had singularly endeared him to these gray-haired matrons, and he repaid their attentions with a respect and deference which was'beautiful to behold. The present writer has seen him, after a long and exhausting march, when he had scarcely tasted food for twenty- four hours, forget the tempting supper before him, and give his whole attention to the aged lady who sat beside him. This spectacle was familiar to those who lived with him. Strangers may have found in it a topic for amusement and jests ; but to the writer of these pages it seemed indicative of that simplicity and goodness which were the natural instincts of his character.