The source and mode of solar energy throughout the universe

Front matter

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Chapter XV

Conclusion. The Habmony of Nature's Laws and Operations 341

Reference Index of Authobities Cited 349

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAOX

Figs. 1 to 8. Types from nature, illustrating development of a solar system from the attenuated matter of space . . . .Frontispiece.

Fig. 9. A typical sun-spot 67

Fig. 10. Structure of the sun, analytical illustration of 60

Fig. 11. Electrical polarities of sun and planets 82

Fig. 12. Ideal view of the generation and transmission of planetary

electricity 89

Fig. 13. The aurora borealis, view of 91

Fig. 14. Diffused brush discharge of an electrical machine .... 91 Fig. 15. Planetary generation and transmission of electrical energy

to the sun, analytical illustration of 101

Fig. 16. Gradual discharge of electricity from one conductor to

another in a partial vacuum 103

Fig. 17. Sudden electrical discharge through the atmosphere . . . 103 Fig. 18. Position of planets with reference to the generation of sun-spots; maximum and minimum of electrical action 108

Fig. 19. Analysis of a typical sun-spot 112

Fig. 20. Retardation of sun-spots in their travel across the solar

face; development to the rear and recession in front 114

Figs. 21 and 22. Complex lines of planetary electrical action upon the sun produced by the inclination of the solar axis to the plane

of the ecliptic . 120

Figs. 23 to 29. Examples of electrical repulsion : Fig. 1, similarly electrified pith-balls ; Fig. 2, the electrical windmill ; Fig. 3, repulsion of a flame ) Fig. 4, self-repulsion around a conductor ; Fig. 5, attraction between opposite and repulsion between similar electricities ; Fig. 6, mutual repulsion between similar + electrospheres of the earth and the moon ; Fig. 7, mutual repulsion between the similar — electrospheres of sun and comet 1 24

Figs. 30 to 34. Spectra of solar light, incandescent sodium and calcium, and the absorption and bright-line spectra of hydrogen gas 155 Figs. 35 to 37. Reversal and neutralization of spectroscopic lines of hydrogen in the light of a variable star like Betelgeuse .... 160

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6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

fAOM

Fig. 38. A double-sun nebula in process of development into a solar system 164

Fig. 39. Double stars with complementary colors, interpretation of the phenomena of . . 167

Fig. 40. A solar system which would explain the regular variability of the star Mira 178

Fig. 41. Lineal nebula in Sobieski's Crown which has been affected by currents in the ocean of space 189

Figs. 42 to 45. Four stages in the phenomena of a new or temporary star, a ''star in flames;" reversal of the hydrogen lines in its spectrum . 196

Figs, 46 and 47. Illustration of repulsion of the tail of a comet by the similarly electrified solar electrosphere ; comparison with similar repulsion in a vacuum-chamber experiment 211

Figs. 48 and 49. The electroscope, and mutual electrical repulsion in a bundle of dry straws 225

Fig. 50. Experiment with a candle and currents of air from between two disks, illustrating the radial semi-rotation of a comet's tail during perihelion 230

Figs. 51 to 54. Four non-systemic gaseous nebulee : Fig. 1, crab nebula; Fig. 2, dumb-bell nebula; Fig. 3, lineal nebula in Sobieski's Crown; Fig. 4, Catherine-wheel nebula. The latter illustrates the formation of a planetary nebula with a hollow center, or else dispersion into the elements of space again 263

Fig. 55. Great spiral nebula in Canes Venatici and a small adjacent nebula affected thereby 273

Figs. 56 to 59. Four gaseous nebulad in process of development into solar systems: Fig. 1, divergent spiral ; Fig. 2, later stage of a similar spiral ; Fig. 3, subsequent stage of rupture of the nearly circular convolutions of a similar nebula ; Fig. 4, the same stage in the development of a solar system with a double sun 279

Fig. 60. Nucleated planetary nebula, showing its external ring split and held apart, in part of its circumference, by electrical repulsion 288

Fig. 61. Divergent spiral nebula on cover of book.