The journal and letters of Samuel Curwen, an American in England, from 1775 to 1783, with an appendix of biographical sketches

Front matter

5'5^ 7

Judge of Admiralty kc.

THE

Preface

The original manuscripts from which the body of the following work was compiled, were sent in detached parts by the respected writer to his niece, a grandparent of the editor, (in whose family they remained for more than sixty years,) with the following injunction, viz : —

" These papers were written partly by way of pastime, and partly with a view to future amusement, should it please the Sovereign Disposer of life to lengthen mine beyond the period of banishment and restore me again to my native country. Otherwise may they prove an entertainment to my friends, to whom I commend them, requesting their care to keep them from the inspection of all others, they being negligently written and but for the eye of candor and friendship, without method or order, as memory served, whereby many faults and anachronisms happened (if a technical expression applied to more important events may be used about such insignificant trifles) ; if they shall afford them the least amusement, my purpose will be answered."

The editor considered the publication of these papers not only as in no wise a violation of the injunction of his venerated relative, but as due to his memory, to exhibit to his countrymen the purity of his motives, vi PREFACE.

and the ardent aflfection he bore towards his native land, even when constrained by a sense of duty to turn his back upon it. The modest estimate of the Journal and Letters expressed by their author, in the above passage, was not regarded as forbidding their publication. The clearness and purity, the classical accuracy and simplicity of their style place them beyond the need of elaborate finish or a more methodical arrangement. Their merit in these respects has been everywhere acknowledged.

Another inducement for the publication was furnished by the incidental light thrown upon the character of his brethern in exile, all of whom have passed away, but whose numerous descendants feel a deep sense of the injustice to which most of them, in a season of great popular excitement, were unfortunately subjected, who, under less adverse circumstances, had filled with honor civil posts of high trust, and \eC to victory our arms in the provincial wars. As the just fame of such as have distinguished themselves in important public concerns has ever been esteemed among the most valued treasures of civilized nations, that of these Loyalists, banished for having taken the losing side in a struggle the nature of which was thought to require all to be treated as friends or foes, seemed to call for a proper vindication at the hands of posterity, while the contrast of their later w^ith their earlier fortunes presents strong claims to the sympathy of mankind.

Theirs was the losing side. " Vidrix causa Diis placuit sed vida Catoni;'' and the feelings of admiration inspired of old by the contemplation of the generous virtue of the high-souled Roman, must ever meet the sympathy of truly elevated and enlightened minds.

PREFACE. vii

At the time of the issue of our first edition, the success of publications then recent in the department of historical writing induced the belief that the period had arrived when a sealed book might be opened, and a dispassionate examination had of the circumstances connected with that portion of our history in which the character of this proscribed class of our countrymen is involved. This work was offered with the hope of removing to some extent, if not fully, whatever obloquy had been unjustly cast upon their names, and to show that they were, in many instances, not the less actuated by lofty principle than those who embraced the popular opinions of the day, and adopted measures which resulted in such transcendent success.

The former editions of this work having been for some time exhausted, the editor feels it to be his duty to meet the demands still made for it by a reprint. He gratefully and respectfully submits it again to the public flivor, in a form which will show that he appreciates the estimate that has been put upon its value, and the friendly suggestions with which the previous editions have been received. He flatters himself with a belief that he has rendered a service in opening an interesting and important department of historical literature, and that the journals which have noticed his work, and subsequent writers who have availed themselves of, or been aided by, his materials, have also done much to inform and enlighten the public in reference to the actors in the period and crisis to which this work belongs.

In the third edition, which was published in 1845, there are biographical sketches, of greater or less particularity and length, of the following persons : — vm

PREFACE.

Apthorp, Rev. East, D. D.

Auchmuty, Rev. Samuel, D. D.

Auchmuty, Judge Robert, Badger, Rev. Moses, Bernard, Sir Thomas, Bart.

Bliss, Daniel, Esq.

Bliss, Hon. Jonathan, Blowers, Judge S. S.

Borland, John L., Esq.

Boutmeau, James, Esq.

Brattle, Major Thomas, Brinley, Thomas, Esq.

Brown, Col. Thomas, Browne, Hon. William, Bull, Gov. William, Byles, Mather, D. D.

Chandler, Nathaniel, Esq.

Chandler, Rufus, Esq.

Chandler, William, Esq.

Clark, Richard, Esq.

Clark, Rev. William, Chipman, Judge Ward, Coffin, Nathaniel, Esq.

Coffin, Thomas Asten, Esq.

Colden, Gov. Cadwallader, Cunningham, Col. Patrick, Cunningham, Gen. Richard, Cunningham, Major William, Danforth, Thomas, Esq.

Edson, Col. Josiah, Erving, John, Jr., Esq.

Erving, George, Esq.

Faneuil, Benjamin, Esq.

Fenton, Capt. John, Flucker, Secretary Thomas, Franklin, Gov. William, Frye, Col. Peter, Galloway, Joseph, Esq.

Gardner, Sylvester, M. D.

Gray, Treasurer Harrison, Green, Francis, Esq.

Greenleaf, Stephen, Esq.

Gridley, Benjamin, Esq.

Hallowell, Benjamin, Esq.

Hooper, Joseph, Esq.

Hopton, John, Esq.

Hume, Hon. John, Hutchinson, Elisha, Esq.

Hutchinson, Judge Foster, Hutchinson, Thomas, Jr., Esq.

Hutchinson, William, Esq.

Ingersoll, Hon. Jared, Jeffries, John, M. D.

Lee, Joseph, Esq.

Leigh, Sir Egerton, Bart.

Leonard, Hon. Daniel, Lloyd, James, M. D.

Loring, Commodore Joshua, Lovell, Rev. Benjamin.

Lynde, Ch. Justice Benjamin, Marston, Benjamin, Esq.

Murray, Col. John, Oliver, Lieut.-Gov. Andrew, Oliver, Judge Andrew, Oliver, Dr. Brinley Sylvester.

Oliver, Daniel, Esq.

Oliver, Ch. Justice Peter, Oliver, Peter, Jr., son of the

Judge.

Oliver, Dr. Peter, Oliver, Lieut.-Gov. Thomas, Orne, Timothy, Esq.

Oxnard, Edward, Esq.

Paine, William, M. D.

Paxton, Charles, Esq.

Peters, Rev. Samuel, D. D.

Pickman, Col. Benjamin, Porter, Samuel, Esq.

Powell, Col. Robert William, Poynton, Capt. Thomas, Prince, John, M. D.

Putnam, Judge James,

PREFACE.

IX

Putnam, James, Jr., Esq.

Pynebor, William, Esq.

Robie, Thomas, Esq.

Robinson, Col. Beverly, Robinson, Lieut.-Col. Beverly, Robinson, John, Rogers, Jeremiah D.

Rogers, Samuel, Esq.

Ropes, Judge Nathaniel, Routh, Richard, Esq.

Royall, Col. Isaac, Ruggles, Gen. Timothy, Russell, Judge Chambers, Saltonstall, Col. Richard, Savage, Arthur, Esq.

Sewall, Hon. Jonathan, Sewall, Samuel, Esq.

Sheppen, Edward, Simpson, Jonathan, Smith, Rev. Isaac, Smith, Judge William,

Sparhawk, Samuel H., Esq.

Stuart, Hon. John, Temi)le, Robert, Esq.

Troutbeek, Rev.

Vassall, John, Esq.

Vassall, William, Esq.

Waldo, Francis, Esq.

Waterhouse, Samuel, Esq.

Wentworth, Gov. Sir John, Bart.

Willard, Abel, Willard, Abijah, Wilkins, Rev. Isaac, Williams, Elijah, Williams, Seth, Esq.

Winslow, Edward, Jr., Esq.

Winslow, Pelham, Esq.

Wiswall, Rev. John, Wragg, Hon. William, Wright, Gov. Sir James, Bart.

Zubly, J. J., D. D.

The notices of the foregoing names are omitted in the present edition. As they can be seen by reference to that of 1845, it seems unnecessary to repeat them; especially as they can also be found substantially in the same form in Mr. Sabine's book on the "American Loyalists," published in 1847. Our thanks are due Mr. Sabine for his favorable opinion of our labors, expressed on page 238 of his valuable work, viz. : " Mr. Curwen^

1 Capt. George Curwen, the first of the name in New England, (and who used the arms of the Curwens of Workington Hall, Cumberland County, England,) spelt his name differently at different times — Curwin and Corwin. There is a document in possession of the family signed by him as Corwin and by his son John as Curwin. The family have also two documents signed by George, a grandson of Captain George, and both sealed with the arms — one is signed Corwin, the other Curwen. Tbe Hon. Jonathan, a son of Capt. George, and Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, spelt the name Corwin, while his son, the Rev. George, spelt it Curwin.

Samuel and George, sons of the Rev. George, spelt it during their mi-

X PREFACE.

kept a Journal which has lately been published, and is an interesting book : its editor has enriched it with several^ notices of his relative's fellow-loyalists, and thus added greatly to its value. No work extant contains so much information of the unhappy exiles while abroad."

Much new information concerning persons mentioned in former editions will be found ; and a number of names and characters alluded to in the text, not before brought to view, is added in this edition.

Charles Dickens, in his " Household Words " for May and June, 1853, devoted twenty-three closely printed columns to a notice of this work ; and it is remarkable that this American book should have so attracted his attention as to induce him to read it, which he did, and praised, — and

" Stanley's praise is praise indeed."

Mr. Dickens described Curwen as " a small, thin, precise-looking man, in a dress of grave, square cut, with a large bush wig, sharp features, long nose and chin, a keen, restless eye, a step as active and firm as though it carried sixteen instead of sixty winters, and a complexion certainly not tanned by an English sun."

The following passage exhibits our author and his Journal in the light in which Dickens regards them: "When Judge Curwen fled from the rebellious colonies he was sixty years old ; when he went back to the triumphant young republic, he was sixty-nine ; and of the eventful years which formed the interval — all of them

nority, Corwin ; but (as in Harvard College Catalogue) and after they became of age, Curwen ; to which cognomen the family in New England have ever since adhered, and through all these changes the arms of the Curwens of Workington Hall have been used by the family. 1 The number is one hundred and forty !

PREFACE. xi

passed in England, and all with the usual penalties of exile, though some with more than its usual enjoyments — he lefl a curious record in a diary which his surviving representatives printed in New York a dozen years ago, and in which those past days with all their pains and pleasures, their hopes and their misgivings, still live for us with a vivid and singular reality. For the record was honest and genuine, as in the main the diarist himself was. He does not indeed appear to have been of the heroic stuff of martyrs. If the liberty of opinion he craved had been conceded to him it it would probably have involved nothing graver than the liberty to change his opinion ; for he was clearly a man impressible by events, and would probably have saved himself a very long voyage and very great inconvenience if he could only have held his tongue till after the first few blows were struck in the war of his fellow-citizens for independence. Not that he was a timeserver — far from that: 'his views within his line of sight were steady and unwavering ; ' but in politics this line stretched but a little way, and took also a subsequent not dishonorable bias from his avowed liking of his native land. In other respects he was a man of fair learning, and more than average accomplishment ; not at all intolerant of opinions at issue with his own ; in religion a Dissenter of the class still most prevalent in New England ; in his tastes scholarly and refined, not ill read in general literature, prone to social enjoyments, a reasonably good critic of what he saw, — altogether an excellent example of the class of men out of whom the fathers and founders of that great republic sprang ; and a companion not less pleasant than instructive to pass a few hours with, as I hope the reader will find."

jcii PREFACE.

Dickens follows Curwen in his observations upon the scenes and objects of interest in London, evidently regarding his descriptions and criticisms as a true and adequate picture of the times. "Having gone through the great metropolis," he says, " the reader will not object to accompany him through the leading towns of Old England, and mark how little or how much they may still retain of what their visitor from New England observed in them seventy-eight years ago."

After quoting the following passage from Curwen's Journal, — "Oct. 21st. Kose at six o'clock, and went a coursing with two greyhounds and a spaniel for hares. Started one and left her in a turnip-field ; returned about two o'clock, not greatly fatigued, after a ramble of fifteen miles over hedge fences, ditches, &c.," — Dickens speaks as follows : —

" Nor is this a mere casual indication of activity and the power of bearing fatigue. It expresses the habit of the man. During the long journeyings to which reference has been made, the mere movement from place to place has been the least part of the fatigue undergone. Whatever any place contains he must see : if there be any object of interest in the neighborhood, off be starts on a visit to it. He is never willingly at rest, never comes to a positive stand-still; is still pushing forward where something more can be seen or known. With the passion of a dweller in a new country for all that makes memory and association so pleasant in an old one, he is honorably anxious to examine every spot consecrated by genius or made illustrious by heroism or worth."

The use that this preeminent literary critic makes of Curwen's Journal proves that he regarded it as the very best picture extant of that country ; of its cities.

PREFACE. xiii

towns, institutions, people, manners, customs, and entire state of society and condition of things ninety years ago. Confident that he has not overestimated the value and interest of the Journal, not only as a part of the literature belonging to the American Revolution, but as the most trustworthy and thorough representation of the mother-country at that period, the editor presents this edition in a mechanical style of elegance and finish worthy of its inherent, peculiar, and enduring merits.

The "North American" and other Reviews objected that but one letter from Mr. Curwen to his wife was inserted in the book. It was first published with the view of enlightening the public as to the wanderings and trials of the exiled Loyalists abroad, and not to exhibit their domestic relations. Mr. and Mrs. Curwen were in constant correspondence during their long separation; but as their letters contained nothing of interest to the general reader which was not to be found in others of similar dates, written with more care, they were excluded.

In bringing the present edition before the public, kind aid has been rendered by the Rev. John Langdon Sibley, A. M., the indefatigable librarian of Harvard University; John Holmes, A.M., of Cambridge ; Rev. George E. Ellis, S. T. D., of Charlestown ; Rev. John Parkman, A. M., of Boston; and Hon. Charles W. Upham, S. H. S.; Dr. Henry Wheatland, A. A. and S. H. S. ; and George R Curwen, Esq., of Salem, to whom the editor tenders his grateful thanks.

G. A. Ward.

Salem, March 29, 1864.

Contents

INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR.

Hifl Ancestry, Birth, and Education. Visits Europe. Returns, and engages in Commerce at Salem. Joins the Expedition against Louisburg. Extracts from his Journal during the Campaign. An Account of the Expedition. Appointed Impost Officer for Essex County. Literary Clubs at Salem. Affairs in Massachusetts before the Revolution. Difficulties with Governors Bernard, Hutchinson, and Gage. Commencement of the Revolution. Departure of the Author to Philadelphia, and thence to England. Ilis Return and Death. Number of Exiles from Massachusetts, pp. 1-24

JOURNAL AND LETTERS.

Chapter II

A. D. 1776. Leaves London for the Country. "Visits Salisbury. Stonehenge. Exeter. Sidmouth. Rev. Isaac Smith. Letter to Thomas Danforth. Visits Bristol. Birmingham. Tewksbury. Gloucester. Returns to Bristol. Ratclitf Church. Admiral Penn. Clifton Grotto. Shepton Mallet. Lord Arundel's Seat. Cabinet of Pope Sixtus V. Alfred's Tower. Spinning-jennies, pp. 68-86

CHAPTER in.

A. D. 1776. Visits Bath. Meets Col. Saltonstall and Mr. Boylston. Longleat, Seat of Lord Weymouth. Glastonbury Abbey Ruins. Bridgewater. Enmore Castle, Seat of Earl Egmont. Taunton. Sidmouth. Slade. Dr. Shebbeare. Supposed Danish Encampment at Hembury. Admiral Graves. Exeter. News from New York in " Bristol Gazette." Election of Member of Parliament at Exeter. Candidates Baring and Cholwich. Visits Lord Courtenay's Belvidere. Birthplace of Sir Francis Drake. News from America. Rumors of War between England and France. Electioneering in England. Remarks on Election at Exeter. Baring elected. Advices from Gen. Burgoyne. Report of AVashington's Defeat at Kingsbridge. Remarks on the tone of Englishmen towards America, and vindication of the latter. Letters to George Russell, William Pynchon, and Judge Sewall, .... pp. 87-102

Chapter IV

A. D. 1777. Author completes his sixty-first year. Remarks on the Commencement of the New Year. Letters. Dr. Dodd's case. Visits Plymouth, Exeter, Bristol. Journey to London. Engages Lodgings at Brompton-Row, near London. Dines with Gov. Hutchinson. Meets B. Hallowell. Thomas Russell. Visits Christ Church Hospital. The Institution described. Visits Cromwell's Garden in company with Judge Sewall and Abel Willard. Attends New England Club at Mr. Blowers's. Dines with Harrison Gray. Letter to Rev. Isaac Smith on American Affairs, pp. 103-117

Chapter V

A. D. 17 77. Journey from London to Ipswich, in company with Judge Sewall and Abel Willard. Passes through Rumford, Ingatestone, Witham, Colchester. Description of Colchester. Roman Antiquities. Arrival at Ipswich. An unpleasing Town. Leaves it for Cambridge. Newmarket Races. Description of Trinity College. River Cam. University Library. Returns to London. Journey to Oxford. Visits Queen's College. Jesus's College. Merton College. Christ Church College. Library. Allsouls.

CONTENTS.

xvu

Meets Sir F. Bernard. Leaves Oxford. Visits Blenheim House at Woodstock. Bicester. Buckingham. Stow Gardens. Lord George Germaine. Earl Temple. Coventry. Birmingham. Leasowes of Shenstone. Hagley, Lord Lyttelton's Estate. Hales Owen. Fair. Returns to Birmingham, pp. 118-134

CHAPTER VL

A. D. 1777. Fair at Birmingham. Soho Gardens. Ashton Park. The Author leaves Birmingham for Sheffield. First stage, Litchfield. Cathedral described. Burton. The Great Staffordshire Canal. Derby Silk- Mills. Porcelain Manufactory. Kiddlestone, Seat of Lord Scarsdale. Ashburn. Residence of Chaucer. Castleton. Remarkable Cave described. Arrival at Sheffield. Colliery. Wakefield. Original of Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield, named Johnson. Leeds. Armley. Huddersfieid. Halifax. A Great Manufacturing Town. Rochdale. Manchester. Duke of Bridgewater's Canal. St. John's Church. Coal Mines at Worsley. Description of Manchester. Journey to Bristol. Stockport. Macclesfield. Leek. Manufactories. Sandon. Stafford. Penkridge. Wolverhampton. Manufactories. Stourbridge. Bromesgrove. Worcester. Cathedral described. Tewksbury. Gloucester. Newport. Bristol.

CHAPTER VH.

A. D. 1777. Entry of Member of Parliament elect into Bristol. The Author visits the Cathedral. Stapleton. Dundry Tower. Bath. American Privateers in St. George's Channel. Visit to Wales. Swansea. Welsh Customs. Neath. Cowbridge. Cardiff. Newport. Return to Bristol. Advices from New York. Adventure of Charles H. Dean Tucker. John Wesley. Journey to Exeter. Sidmouth. Axminster. Birthplace of the Great Duke of Marlborough. Carpet Manufactories. Thorncombe. CuUiford. Slade. Ottery. Return to Exeter. News of Gen. Burgoyne's Surrender. Close of the Year, . . pp. 155-176

CHAPTER VIIL

A. D. 1778. Letter on American Affairs. Enumeration of Troops to be sent to America. Lord Abington's Motion. Passage from Dr. Robertson. Ceremony of Installing a Bishop. Writers in the Spectator. Amount of Captures by American Privateers. Rev. Sir Henry Trelawney. Political Letters. Report of a Treaty between France and the United States. War between England and France, . . pp. 177-197

CHAPTER IX.

A. D. 1778. Letter to Judge Sewall on Public Affairs. Remarks on Ability of England to sustain a War with France. Public Credit. Number of b* xviii CONTENTS.

Troops sent to America. French Medal in honor of Washington. Commissioners to settle the Dispute with America. Massachusetts Exclusion Bill. Excursion to Tiverton. The Author removes his Lodgings from Exeter to Sidmouth. Ride to Taunton. Colyton. Woodbury Castle, the remains of a Danish Fort. Ordination of Rev. Isaac Smith at Sidmouth. Procession of Lacemakers at Honiton . . . • pp« 198-216

CHAPTER X.

A. D 1778. Excursion to the West. Otterton. Lympstone. Teignmouth. Newton Bushel. Dartmouth. Torbay. Bridgtown. Chudleigh. Exeter. Returns to Sidmouth. Visits Beach at Axminster. Letters on Public Affairs. Excursion to Weymouth and Portland. Melcomb Regis. Island of Portland described. Roman Remains. Dorchester. Advices from New York. Quits Sidmouth for Exeter. Arden's Course of Lectures on Experimental Philosophy. Letter from Judge Sewall. Number of Ships taken by the French. Votes of the Bishops on the American War. The Author completes his sixty-third year, . . pp. 217-231

CHAPTER XL

A. D. 1779. Origin of Custom of making Presents on New-Year's-Day. Letters on Public Affairs. British Fleet at Torbay. Lord North announces Departure of Spanish Minister. Ordination at Lympstone. Combined Fleet of France and Spain off Plymouth. Author suspected of being an American Spy. Leaves Exeter for Bristol. Dines with Mr. Vassall. Dr. Gardiner. Captain Carpenter arrives with Letters, etc., from Salem. Mrs. Erving. William Cabot, pp. 232-250

CHAPTER XII.

A.D.I 780. Manilla Ship described. Visit to Bath. Letters. lAr. Washington, a Moravian Preacher. Celebration of Admiral Rodney's Victory over Don Langara. Death of William Hutchinson. Number of Americans at Bristol, and their Names. Remarks on the Theatre. On Public Affairs. Advices from General Clinton in South Carolina. His success. Tour to the North in company with the Sewalls. Newport. Newton. Honiton. Kidderminster. Brosely. Shrewsbury. Residence of Samuel Porter. Ellesmere. Wrexham. Chester. Warrington. Canal Locks at Runcorn. Liverpool. Peak of Derbyshire. Derby. Wolverhampton. Iron Bridge at Brosely. Curious Celebration of Gen. Clinton's success at Charleston by S. Sewall. Passage on the Severn from Bridgenorth to Worcester. Adventure with a Footpad. Return to Bristol. Riots described in Letter to W. Pynchon. Leaves Bristol for London. Amusing sign at Devizes. Arrival in London, .... pp. 251-287

CONTENTS. xix

CHAPTER XIII.

A. D. 1 780. Letter to Judge Sewall giving an Account of the reported Dark Day in America. Reply of Sewall. Visit to Ruins of King's Bench Prison and Surrey Bridewell, destroyed by Mob. Remarks on the evil of French Troops in America. Opening of Bartholomew Fair by the Lord Mayor at Smithfield. Richmond Gardens. Elections in London. Saddler's Wells. Plowden's Funeral Monument at the Temple. Roman Coins. Disputing Club. Excursion to Hempsted, . . pp. 288-312

CHAPTER XIV.

A. D. 1 780. Visit to Parliament House. Ladies' Disputing Society. Guildhall Meeting. Lord Mayor's Day. Chancery Court. Essex House Chapel. Rev. Mr. Lindsay. Carlisle House. Montague House. British Museum. Lottery Drawing at Guildhall. Disputing Club. Affair of Major Andrd. Mr. Copley's Picture-Room. Painting of Death of Lord Chatham, etc pp. 313-327

CHAPTER XV.

A. D. 1781. Description of Entertainment at Covent Garden Theatre. Letters. American Academy of Arts and Sciences founded in Massachusetts. Trial of Lord George Gordon. Visit to Priory, Clerkenwell. Greenwich Hospital. Mrs. Cowley's New Play. Colonel, now Governor Browne. House of Commons. Debate. Mr. Burke. Visit to Westminster Abbey. Mary-le-bone. Dr. Priestley. British Museum. Curiosities seen there. Benj. Thompson, (Count Rumford.) Intercepted Letter of General Washington. Excursion to Windsor. Personal Description of the King and Queen. Eton College. Chiswick House. News of the Burning of New London. Admiral Rodney's Fleet at Torbay. Consequences of Surrender of Lord Cornwallis. Henry Laurens discharged from the Tower on Bail, . . . • PP- 328-362

CHAPTER XVI.

A. D. 1782. Letters. Visit to the Queen's House. Domestic Habits of the King. Letter from Judge Oliver. Secret Service List for 1781. General Burgoyne. Welsh Procession. Disgrace of Lord George Germaine. Defeat of Ministers. General Rejoicing in England. Lord Surrey and Benedict Arnold. New Ministry. Anecdote of the Prince of Wales. Lord North. Excursion to Hampton Court. Division in the Cabinet. Admiral Barrington. News of the Defeat of the French Fleet by Admiral Rodney. Maddocks the Florist. Anecdote of the Shakespeare Mug. Parson Wiswall. New Arrangement of the Ministry. Visit to House of

XX CONTENTS.

Commons. Parson Peters. Sir William Pepperell. Lord Howe. Sterne's Private Character. Public Notice of a Provisional Treaty between England and the United States. State of Parties. Sir William Draper.

CHAPTER XVII.

A. D. 1 783. Meeting of Refugees at Sir Wm. Pepperell's. Death of Mr. Flucker. Uncertain Prospects of the Loyalists. Dr. Graham's Lecture on Health. Meeting of the Royal Society described. Public Affairs. Procession in honor of Fox. Mrs. Siddons at Drury Lane. Visit to the House of Lords. Mr. De Berdt. Excursion to Herts. Hoddesdon. Letters. St. Giles's. Peace proclaimed with France, Spain, and Holland. Nathaniel Gorham. Macklin at Covent Garden, pp. 399-435

CHAPTER XVm.

A. D. 1784. Pitt's East India Bill lost. The Author receives Letters from Salem encouraging his return. Riots in London between followers of Pitt and Fox. Dr. Watson, Bishop of Llandaff. Letters from William Pynchon. Funeral of Sheriff Turner. Letter from Judge Sewall. The Author's Petition for leave to return to America, and to appoint an Agent to receive his Pension. Visit to the Treasurer, Preparations for leaving England. Embarks in Ship Union. Fellow-passengers. Lands at Cowes, Isle of Wight. Excursion on the Island. Arrival at Boston. Captain Coombs. The Author's Classmates. Letter from Noah Clap, pp. 436-461

SUPPLEMENT.

ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS.

PAQB

Address of the Merchants and others of Boston to Governor Hutchinson,

Address of the Inhabitants of Marblehead to the same. May 25, 1774, 468 Address of the Barristers and Attorneys of Massachusetts to the same.

Recantations of several of the Salem "Addressers," May 30, 1775, . 471 Address of the Merchants and others of Salem to Governor Gage, June

11, 1774, 472

Names of the Gentlemen and Principal Inhabitants of Boston who

signed an Address to the same, Oct. 6, 1775, .... 474 Names of Gentlemen driven into Boston, who signed a Loyal Address

Conspiracy Act of Massachusetts, April 30, 1779, .... 475 Confiscation Act of Massachusetts, April 30, 1779, .... 477

CONTENTS. xxi

PAO>

Councillors of Massachusetts appointed by Writ of Mandamus, August

9, 1774, 479

Banishment Act of Massachusetts, Sept. 1778, 479

Worcester (Massachusetts) Resolutions respecting Refugees and Absentees, May 19, 1783, 484

List of Inhabitants who left Boston with the British Troops in 1776, . 485 List of such as died in exile from Massachusetts from 1776 to 1783, . 489

/Confiscation Act of New York, 1779, 489

Action of New Jersey regarding the Loyalists, 490

List of Officers who declined signing the Articles of Association in South Carolina when offered them by the General Committee of the Revolutionists, 491

vylJist of the Loyalists proscribed by the General Assembly of South

Carolina, 493

List of Citizens who congratulated General Sir Henry Clinton on the

fall of Charleston, • . 493

List of Citizens who served as Volunteers in the Royal Militia, . . 494 List of Citizens who congratulated General Earl Cornwallis, . . 494 List of those who held Commissions under the Royal Government, . 494 List of those who avowed their Allegiance to His Britannic Majesty, and manifested themselves inveterate Enemies to the State, . . 495

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Abbot, Stephen, 496

Ashley, Rev. Jonathan, 497

Baring, Sir Francis, 497

Bernard, Governor Sir F., 499

Blowers, Sampson Salter, 500

Boylston, Ward Nicholas, 503

Brattle, Major Thomas, . 604

, General William, 504

Browne, Hon. William, 504

, Hon. William, 505

Burgoyne, General, 506

Cabot, Andrew, 509

, George, 509

Carleton, General Sir Guy, 510

Chandler, Nathaniel, 511

Clinton, Governor George .512

, Sir Henry, 512

Coffin, Nathaniel, 513

, Thomas Aston, 513 xxii CONTENTS.

PAOI

Conway, General Thomas, 613

Cooper, Myles, . . . • 514

Copley, John Singleton, 519

Cornwallis, Charles, 620

Crowninshield, George, 521

Curtis, Charles, • 524

Gushing, Thomas, 525

, William, 525

Dana, Francis, 626

De Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul, 526

D'Estaing, Admiral Charles H., 529

DeKalb, John, 529

Derby, Elias Hasket, Sen., 530

, Richard, 533

Draper, Sir William, ... 534

Fairfaxes, The, 534

Fanueil, Benjamin, Jr., , 543

Fiske, John, 546

Frye, Peter, 647

Gage, General Thomas, 547

Gates, Horatio, 548

Germaine, Lord George, 549

Gibbs, Henry, 650

Goodhue, Hon. Benjamin, . . 551

Gorham, Hon. Nathaniel, 652

Gray, William, 552

Green, Joseph, 554

Greene, David, 554

Gridley, Benjamin, 555

, General Richard, 555

Haraden, Captain, 556

Harrison, Gov. Benjamin, 558

Hartshorne, Thomas, 558

Hatch, Nathaniel, 559

Hawley, Joseph, 559

Hewes, Joseph, • . . . 560

Hill, Rev. Abraham, 560

Hiller, Major Joseph, 560

Hodges, Benjamin, 562

Holyoke, Dr. Edward Augustus, 563

Hooper, Hon. Robert, 565

Hovey, Rev. Ivory, 565

Howe, General Sir William, ., , 566

Lord Admiral Earl, 566

CONTENTS. xxiii

PAcn

Hutchinson, Governor, 667

Jones, Admiral John Paul, 572

Knyphausen, Lieut.-General, the Baron, 578

Lee, General Charles, 578

, Colonel William R., 579

Mc Gilchrist, Rev. William, 580

Mauduit, Jasper, 584

, Israel, 684

Mifflin, General Thomas, 584

Moulton, Col. Jeremiah, • . . . 584

Newton, Roger, D. D 685

Oliver, Hon. Andrew 585

Paine, Judge Robert Treat 586

, William, M. D 587

Palmer, Thomas, 587

Peabody, Joseph, 587

Pepperrell, Lieut.-General William, 602

, Councillor, William, 619

Perkins, Thomas, 621

Phips, Col. David, 624

Pickering, Timothy, 624

Pickman, Benjamin 627

, William, 628

Porter, Samuel, 630

Quincy, Samuel, 630

Reed, Joseph, 647

Robie, Thomas, 647

Rochambeau, Lieut.-General, 648

Ropes, Judge, 648

Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count, 649

, Countess, 650

Saltonstall, Col. Richard, 652

Sargent, John, 654

Shirley, Governor William, 655

Silsbee, Nathaniel, 655

Simpson, Jonathan 657

Sparhawk, Samuel Hirst, 658

Steuben, General, 658

Stevens, George Alexander, 660

Taylor, Joseph, 660

Temple, Robert, 660

Thomas, Nathaniel Ray, 660

Thorndike, Israel, 661

Upham, Col. Joshua, 664

Vaushan, Lieut.-Col. William, 668 xxiv CONTENTS.

PAGK

Walter, William, D. D 668

Ward, Richard, 669

Warren, Admiral Sir Peter, 670