Preface
THE following pages contain considerably more than one hundred letters, nearly all of which were received by the compiler in his efforts to ascertain the truth or falsity of certain assertions made by 4t Freethinkers," Agnostics, and other opponents of Religion. These assertions are to the effect that Religion and Science are diametrically antagonistic to each other, and that men of Science are, and must necessarily be, irreligious and anti-Christian.
Part I. includes letters written some fourteen years ago which, but for the iteration and reiteration of the above-mentioned assertions, might still have remained unpublished. (Indeed, this applies to the whole of the book.) Consent to publish the letters in Part I. — and those in Parts II. and III. (which have been recently received) — has been obtained. Consequently, with the exception of those from the deceased, the whole of the replies represent the present beliefs of their respective writers.
While little or no attempt has been made to adhere to a strict rule in the arrangement of the letters, a general rule has been observed. Thus : In Part I. those from the representatives of " The Physical Sciences " precede the letters of those vi PREFACE
whose domain is usually called the "Biological."" In Part II. the order is reversed. There, the replies by those who work in the fields of biology, zoology, physiology, anatomy, pathology, botany, anthropology, gynaecology, psychology, and philosophy take precedence, and are followed by the answers of teachers and professors of mathematics, physics,, astronomy, chemistry, geology, and electrical engineering.
It may be interesting to state the proportion between the letters sent and the replies received : Part I. a reply, with few exceptions, to every inquiry. Part II. the percentage was not so high as in Part I., but the majority responded.
For certain biographical details, the writer is indebted to " Chambers's Encyclopaedia " and to " Who's Who " ; and to the proprietors of those works he begs to express his best thanks.
A. H. TABRUM.
LONDON, N.
Part I Letters, Etc., By
PAGE
PRESIDENTS OF THE ROYAL
SOCIETY —
Sir George Stokes . . 7 Lord Kelvin . .10
Lord Lister . .11
Lord Rayleigh . . 12
CHEMISTS, PHYSICISTS, ETC.—
Lord Avebury . . 13
Sir William Ramsay . 15
Sir Henry Roscoe . . 16
Sir William Crookes . 16
Prof. J. H. Gladstone . 17
Prof. Balfour Stewart . 19
Sir William de W. Abney 22
GEOLOGISTS —
Prof. James Geikie . . 23
Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins 25
Sir Joseph Prestwich . 26
Sir J. William Dawson . 27
Prof. Edward Hull . . 29
BIOLOGISTS, PHYSIOLOGISTS,
ETC.—
Sir William Flower . 31
Prof. Alex. Macalister . 32
Prof. J. G. McKendrick . 33
Prof. Lionel S. Beale . 34
Prof. W. Carruthers . 36
Prof. Sidney Vines . . 37
Prof. G. J. Romanes . 39
Sir Douglas Galton . . 41
Sir James Paget . . 43
Sir Henry Acland . . 44
Sir J. Russell Reynolds . 46
Sir George M. Humphry 46
Sir J. Eric Erichsen . 46
Sir Dyce Duckworth . 47
Sir Victor Horsley . . 48
PHILOLOGISTS AND ORIEN- TALISTS— Prof. E. B. Co well . . 49 vii viii
CONTENTS
PAGE
Sir Monier Monier-Williams . . . .50
Prof. A. H. Sayce . .51
Prof. F. Max-Muller
PAGE
• 52
Sir J. Burdon-Sanderson 54 Sir W. Thiselton-Dyer . 55 Sir E. Ray Lankester . 58
Part II Letters, Etc., By
Dr. Alfred Russel Wal-
PHYSIOLOGISTS—
lace . '.
Dr. Augustus Waller
Sir Oliver Lodge .
Prof. William Stirling .
Sir Archibald Geikie
Prof. W. M. Bayliss
Sir Robert Ball
ANATOMISTS —
Sir William Turner
BIOLOGISTS, ETC.—
Sir William Collins .
Prof. J. Arthur Thomson .
Sir William Church
Prof. Patrick Geddes
Prof. John Cleland .
Prof. C. Lloyd Morgan .
Prof. Yule Mackay .
Prof. Sir J. J. Thomson .
Prof. Bertram Windle .
Prof. Frank Cavers
Mr. J. Butler Burke
PATHOLOGISTS —
Prof. Gerald Leighton .
Sir Samuel Wilks .
Prof. R. Ramsay Wright
Prof. G. Sims Woodhead
Sir Thomas Barlow
Sir Patrick Manson .
ZOOLOGISTS —
Prof. Adam Sedgwick
BOTANISTS —
Prof. George H. Car-
Prof. H. D. Scott .
penter ....
Prof. J. Reynolds Green .
Prof. W. Kitchen Parker.
Prof. George S. Boulger .
IOO
Sir Richard Owen .
Mr. James Britten .
Dr. Sidney F. Harmer .
Dr. Francis H. Guille-
ANTHROPOLOGISTS, ETC. —
mard . ...
Sir Clements R. Markham
Mr. Aubyn Trevor-Battye
Prof. A. H. Keane .
Prof. Henry Macintosh .
Sir Edward Bradbrook .
CONTENTS
IX
PAGE
GYNAECOLOGISTS —
Sir Alex. Simpson . . 109
Sir James Y. Simpson . in
Sir Halliday Croom . in
Prof. John W. Taylor . 1 12
Sir Lauder Brunton . 113
Dr. H. Trentham Butlin . 114
PSYCHOLOGISTS, ETC.—
Prof . James Ward . .115
Prof. J. Clark Murray .116
Dr. F. C. Schiller . .116 Prof. H. Langhorne
Orchard . . .117
MATHEMATICIANS—
Prof. Horace Lamb . 118
Prof. A. C. Dixon . .119
Prof. William Burnside . 119
Prof. Francis Tarleton . 119
Prof. George Chrystal . 120
PHYSICISTS —
Prof. L. R. Wilberforce . 124
Prof. A. W. Reinold . 124
Prof. William Thrift . 125
ASTRONOMERS — Sir David Gill .
. 126
PAGE
ASTRONOMERS (contd.} —
Prof. Edmund Whittaker 126 Prof. H. H. Turner . 128 Dr. E. Walter Maunder . 130 Dr. Arthur Downing . 131 Dr. Andrew C. Crommelin 132 Mr. Ellard Gore . .133 Prof. S. A. Saunder . 133 Mr. Walter W. Bryant . 134
CHEMISTS — Prof. Sir T. Edward
Thorpe . . .135
Prof. Sir William Tilden 136
Prof. A. H. Church . 137
Prof. Edward Divers . 137
Prof. Alex. Crum Brown 139
Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin . 140
Sir William Perkin . 140
GEOLOGISTS —
Prof. William J. Sollas . 140 Prof. T. Rupert Jones . 142
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS— Sir William Preece . . 142 Prof. J. A. Fleming . 142 Prof. J. A. Ewing . . 144
The Cambridge Memorial 146
CONTENTS PART HI
LETTERS FROM AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE
Prof. Simon Newcomb . 151
Prof. Wilbur Atwater . 152
Mr. Nikola Tesla . . 153
Prof. David Starr Jordan . 153
Prof. John P. Munson . 154
Dr. William Kendall Dr. William J. Holland Prof. J. J. Walsh .
Prof. Edmund J. James
PAGE
• 159 , 161 , 162
Prof. Frederick L. Charles 163
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You’ve reached the end of Religious beliefs of scientists, including one hundred hitherto unpublished letters on science and religion from eminent men of science.