Readings in industrial society : a study in the structure and functioning of modern economic organization

Front matter

Bas Rete Op ab crarne r .

Mie Sayisics, Eepetseeiats mbes e) ae ais ae

A wea we Reames

CHAPTER II. THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF MEDIAEVAL INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY A, -Problems:atIsstie = 42: 3). 5 A a eee

B. Manorial Economy

Functions of Mediaeval Social Organisms. W. Cunningham and E. A. McArthur . : :

. Description of a Manor. Jd. de B. Gibbins Cod gate Ate

. A Diagram of a Manor. Henry Allsopp. . .. .

. The Villain and the Freeman. 7.W. Page. . .

. The Cotters and Their Significance. H.O. Meredith

Ps:

The Industrial Organization of the Manor. W.J. raped Manorial Methods of Cultivation. E. Lipson Characteristics of the Manorial Group. W. J. Repay The Manor versus the Modern Village. W.J. Ashley .

C. Town Economy

. Ordinances of the Gild Merchant of Southampton.

eR

The Rise of Towns. W. eee ae dni E. A. Mc- Arthur

The Significance x the een, ‘Clipe Day ; The Agricultural Element in the Towns. £. Lipson A History of the Gild Merchant. Charles Gross

. The Gild Merchant and the Craft Gilds. Charles Gross . A List of Craft Gilds in York, 1415. hlsg of

Pennsylvania Reprints

. Characteristics of Craft Gild Reonomy: W. i A siiley . Ordinances of the White Tawyers of London. A. E£.

. Gild Merchant Regulations versus Craft Gild Rena.

tions. H.O. Meredith

. The Craft of the Mediaeval Crartaven! by F. Saléméan . Merits and Defects of the Craft Gild. E. Lipson

. The Gilds and the Modern Trade Union. E. Lipson

. An Indenture of Apprenticeship, 1459. A. E. Bland,

. Household, Town, and National Bconony Compared:

Carl B foe

‘). Trade and Commerce

The Merchant of the Early-Middle ie Clive Day Travel. A. Abram . ; : ; EP he Fairs and Markets. E. ae

Grant of a Fair at St. Ives, 1202. A. E. Bland, P. re Brown, and R. H. Tawney .

Grant of a Market at St. Ives, oe ye E. Brand P. A. Brown, and R. H. Tawney ae ©

PAGE ay as 47.

PAS

The Markets of London. H.R. Fox Bourne Mediaeval:Shops. A. Abram 0.00. wee es Pedlars, Merchants, and Chapmen. J. J. Jusserand

The nee. of England’s Pakse: Trade. W. J.

Ashley . Py oA

The Staplers. Chat Gas . . The Merchant Adventurers. E£. Pidcon :

Mediaeval and pied Modern Business Aaacbanens. Clive Day . Fe Tg Be

53.) Mediaeval Scots ire Das ;

The Law Merchant. E. Lipson . . Re Ont Evils Resulting from a Lack of Commictne + Cane Day

Mediaeval versus Modern Trade and ee Git.

Warner

E. Social Control of Industrial Activity

Rete poe 4s):

The Power of the Church as an Agency of Control. J. H. Robinson

The Church and BisieS Fea W. J. 2 ee Fair Dealing and Fair Price W. Cunningham. .

Control by Public Authorities

A. W.J. Ashley .

Assize of Measures, 1197. A. E. Bland, P. A. Brown, and R. H. Tawney

Individual Enterprise es Eb eiealian: W. Cusine ham Mgt, see Gs Mags fe

Chapter III. The Coming In Of Capitalism

A. Problems at Issue Oro, . - nine YA leect 1 Sebastes

B. General Survey

63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68.

The Social History of Capitalism. Henri Pirenne . Hindrances to the pve Oa of po os W. Cunningham ox ATP 4 The Capitalistic spirit. Weer Sotbaths

Calculation and Capitalism. Werner Sombart

The State and Capitalism. Werner Sombart Consequences of the Intervention of Capital. W. Cunningham ~ ES aS bre

C. Capitalism and the Woolen Industry

69. 71.

A Diagram of Stages of Development zo. A Sketch of the Woolen Industry. W. J. ake

Commercial Organization in the Woolen EAS R PHO R. B: Wester field : Cone Loss of Control by the Gilds, Ww. Caen

126 127 132

136 140

163 164 166 168

180 187

PAR PE.

73. Some Agricultural Changes in Relation to the Woolen Industry

A. H.D. Traill B. Conyers Read . seaks ech et oaks Aa ie 74. Early Large-Scale Production. H.O. Meredith . 75. The Domestic System a Forerunner of the Factory System. W.J. Ashley . eae

D. Some Examples of Differentiation of Function

76. The Rise of Functional Middlemen. A.W. Shaw . 77. Carriers and Communicators. R. B. Westerfield 78. Methods of Marketing Abroad. R. B. Westerfield .

79. The Early History of Insurance in at a WR, x “Scott

80. The Rise of F ama Middlemen in England. R. B. Westerfield :

81. The Exchange in England. Ne orte Clave E. The Industrial Revolution the Current Phase of Capitalism

_-~ 82. The Changes Wrought by the Revolution. JL. L. Price

_-83. The Causes and the Achievements of the Revolution. H. O. Meredith

. -~ 84. Significance of the Industrial Becaiinhe. Was. Hamilion . MO en | OA is Bae a

Chapter IV. Individual Exchange Co-operation

A. Problems at Issue B. The Co-operation of Our social

— 85. The Great Co-operation AM Wiliam Smart (ji iG (220see sees 9.h B. Adam Smith

86. The Indirect Method of Satistying Wants. P.. H: Wicksteed :

87. Unrest Because of Viglieae iat Reciprocity Pa. W. Small Dey Uh C. Exchange in Our Society — 88. The Meaning of Exchange

89. Benefits of Exchange. F. M. T. age IGE go. The Benefits of International Trade. C. F. Bastable . g1. Some Criticisms of Commerce. J. S. Mill . 92. The Middleman. E.G. Nourse . 93. Is Exchange Productive? .'

PAGE

BAER

PA Pe Sh

SOME OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF MODERN

236 237

242 243 243 245 248 240

~94.- — 95- — 96.

D. Some Phases of Market Structure vibs The Market. . . a7 MOET, The Framework of a Market: “EE. G. No ourse Types of Market Distribution for Ordinary Geouds Bo A WeOaUr i OO SION ID CBR ON ERT, Bor PET AV VSO Ty, FO SNAG OMIA Bagg COV SKE en Ire Gk BUGS OH” 6g

Produce Exchanges. S.S. Huebner .

The Cotton Exchange of New Orleans. The Industrial Commission. . AOR de St,

Stock Exchanges. F. M. Tivin. Neuen rer Boe

E. The Réle of the Individual nee: Ior.

ME ec 104.

The‘Enterpriser. -WviS. Jevonsi°.'), 3Q. CVE GS, The Individual and the Gain Spirit. Edwin Cannan Competition Places the Individual. C. H. Cooley . Human Motives in Economic Life. C. H. Parker . Some Shortcomings of Self-Interest. Henry Sidgwick

F. The Apportionment of Productive Energy

107. 108. 109.

IIo.

IIt.

II2.

Productive Energy and Its Apportionment .

The Formation, Maintenance, and Apportionment of Capital Goods :

Costs of Progress.’ J. A. H bbb ees Ca. ae Conditions of Progress. J.A. Hobson . . .

Some Technological Aspects of Apportionment. F. M. Taylor

Mobility and the pvaretontnenie ie Pidiaies Energy. H. B. Reed

The Mobility of Capital aid aber )Waltiom Smart. What Mobility Really Involves 7 (9 UR OS Oe Le Ck RI TO eg IS Po a ed. AteOT at ..y gM el wn tara eae my

CHAPTER YV. Monry ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION

B. Money Economy

A Pecuniary Society. H.J. Davenport. . . . .

The Shortcomings of Barter. W.S. Jevons "

The Exchange Functions of Money. W.S. Jevons

The Réle of Money in Economic Organization. W. H. Hamilton

Money and Capital ‘Aceuzuallaee W. H. H. amilton Qualities of a Satisfactory Money-Metal. W.S.Jevons A Typical Monetary System. F. M. Taylor

311 313 315

316 319 320 323

-C. Credit and Credit Tastroments

* 127.

Credit and Its Functions © :

AsosH \G. MM oultots sek 226 dower bate ea ¢ Bo idstSe Micholsonstsskt adele te goat 2 The Basis of Credit. H.G. Moulton 0 et 2 The Development of Formal Credit. Sidney Sherwood

The Various Kinds of Credit. H.G.Moulion .

Types of Commercial Credit Instruments. ZH. G.

Moulton .

The Increasing Use of Commerce ered Tasteaments,

David Kinley :

oe of Investment Credit ietreots (Bonds) F. A. Cleveland .

Types of Investment Gredit Te camer, (Stocks)

Thomas Conyngton . oe f

D. Some Financial Institutions

128. 129.

135.

A. S. Johnson

Various Services of Banks. J. W. Gilbart .

A Classification of Banks and aes of f Banking

Investment Banking. W. A. Scott

The Services of Bond Houses. Lawrence Chamberlain Trust Companies. H.G. Moulton ‘

The Functions of the Stock Exchange. C. oy. come A Favorable View of Wall Street. S.S. Pratt.

Life Insurance Companies as Investment Institutions.

Types of Business Organ oe S. Lyon The Importance of the Corporation. W. J. King . Classes of Corporations. Thomas Conyngton .

E. Some Defects of the Pecuniary Order

139. 140.

Faulty Direction of Economic Activity. W.C. Mitchell Production for Profit. John Spargo ;

Chapter VI. Specialization And Interdependence

A. Problems at Issue eee ee eee ee

B. Some Forms of Specialization

142. 143%

Specialization and Co-operation. F.M. Taylor *. Specialization in Capital. A. E. Outerbridge, Jr. Labor Specialization in Meat Packing. J.R. Commons Specialization in Management. F. W. Taylor .

Woman in Industry. C. E. Persons .

Geographical Specialization. EE. A. Ross: at International Speed Be F ree ‘Trade. ‘FL M.

PAGE

_C. An Estimate of the Value and Limits of Specialization

— 148. Advantages of Specialization. Edwin Cannan . —149. Disadvantages of Specialization

Dis Vviomteteed OUSON: Fa ee at a Pas esa) Beak * 43!

A OUESON ek Eg dia, sa ge MRO Ce LOSE PING GOIGINOTK igs. 6 4 pas 6 aM

— 150. The Limits of Specialization ee | VAM ph ONMSOI 6.13 9. 8o, Molaro Alek te | deseo oe Meas ieee OM wit eee IY Kian a Dawe b> See

D. Interdependence, Its Forms and Consequences 151. Two Pervasive and Connective Industries. J. A. Hobson

152. The Bonds of Haaony gid of Repulsion a Trades 7 J.A. Hobson :

153. Interdependence of Pace W. C. M ‘iehelle

154. The Crops in Relation to Industry. A. P. Andrew . 155. The World’s Food Supply. D. A. Wells

156. The Sensitiveness of Industrial Society .

. CHAPTER VII. MAcHINE INDUSTRY—AN EXPRESSION OF THE NEW ‘TECHNOLOGY D

A. Problems at Issue.

B. The Réle of the Machine —157. The Services of the New mpage Eugen von Béhm-Bawerk é tee Seek os _ 158. What the Machine Is. ag M aH _-159. Functions of Machinery. J. A. Hobson : 160. The Productivity of Machinery. H.W. Guldathnce :

161. The Increase of Active Capital in the United States. Walang.

162. The Brief Reign of the Maghine. Hull-House Labor Museum Report .

163. Why England Led in Machige Bedi t ei E A. ‘A ehSoh

—164. The Industries Best Fitted for Machine aercuelry J. A. Hobson

C. Some Characteristic Results of the Machine Process —165. Standardization and the Machine Process. Thorstein Veblen

—166. The Transfer of Thought, Skill, ahd Intelligence. D. S. Kimball... .

Veblen ~. 168. The New a in Tnduspeamn otk osephine Goldmart

_-167. Impersonality and he Nebettive Bhoekes! f. hor'stein™ xIVv

The Machine and the Laborer. J. A. Hobson .

Technical Inventions and the Capitalistic ae: Werner Sombart hies

- D. Indirect Costs and Social Control —

Elements of Costs. J. L. Nicholson a Costs in Machine Industry. J. F. Sirombeck .

The Importance of Added Business in Machine Industry. A.M. Wellington oN eared Ree te

Simple versus Complex Tadustry”

Complex Industry Is Difficult to Regulate. RB. D. Durand 3 : nknt

Can We Conivel: ihe Genie? J. B. ieee The Brute. . W. V. Moody —

Chapter VIII. Speculative Industry: Risks And Risk Bearing

B. The Meaning of rice esth

Speculation. W.C.Van Antwerp Pen ee

Commercial Speculation. A.T. Hadley . ..

Industrial Speculation. A.T.Hadley . .. .

C. Risks of Modern Industrial Society

183. 184. 185.

186. 187.

Classes of Risk. John Haynes

Influences That Disturb the Static > Equilibrium. F B. Clark . ;

Classification of Blo Indluenees. Toei Fisher Chance. G. H. Palmer

The Delicate Mechanism of Industry. T Iotaiein Veblen

Seasonal Bln iational ar, ‘Ss. P opreites

Labor Disturbances. U.S. Commissioner of Tabor

Business Failures A. Quarterly Journal of Ricoinbls ogg heh MR ea B.° Brodsireeis -.}/1ha) WGGee CARE h) SR At C. Emile Vandervelde "#99 eS es

D. Risk Bearing in Modern Industrial Society —190. Avoidance of Risk. Irving Fisher

Some Functions and Effects of Insurance. John H oes Speculative Contracts .

Hedging: A Form of Spectlative Contract...

Ag BE. M: Taylor 1S te ans ‘ on Sod Huebner eubal ab obese woviolh brs vAGE

456 458

463 466 467

474 475 479

482 483 485

487 489 492 495

497 497

498 499 501

502 504

195. _- 196. 197.

A Case Where Organized Specillation Was Forbidden. AsT.. Hadley wis

Reduction of Risk by Social Coiltrok:

Regulation of Production through Coinbinatione T he Industrial Commission . are

Does Price Maintenance PHoBtE Stability?

A. P.T. Cherington ‘ B. Chamber of Commerce of U. bs ’

Knowledge and Information in Relation to Risk-Taking A. R.W. Babson att, were B. B.D. Mudgett le, Wied Mo The Entrepreneur as a RikTaken T. N.Carver .

The Risk Theory of Profit. F.B. Hawley. . . .

CHAPTER IX. THE WAGE SYSTEM AND THE WORKER AM crise (oe ee a SG

B. An Introductory Survey

\, 201:

202. 203. 204.

The Wage-Earners. F.A.Walker . . 1. . .

Labor Conditions and Problems. R. F. Hoxie .

Economic Insecurity of the Workers. W.H.Hamilion Life and Labor in a Steel District. E.T. Devine .

C. Unemployment

205. 206. 207.

The Unemployment Problem. £.S. Bogardus . .

Mediaeval Unemployment. A. Abram... . .

The Unemployed. F. A. Kellor: . aoe re eee Unemployment a Case of Maladjustment. W. H.

* Beveridge

Changes of Tadetrial Srraciate aed Unemployment, W. H. Beveridge

210. The Influence of Machinery bon Employment. Ti A.

2iIi.

Hobson ; The Amount of Gaemployigete

~A: N.Y. Commission on ae cy. ied and Unemployment . 3

~B. U.S. Bureau of Labor i islisiics

D.: The Worker and the New Technology ai.

The Hazardous ne of Modern Industry. E. Hi.

Downey

Causes ‘and Volume oe Tadusitiat wasienes F. L. Hoffman ‘

214. Social Loss thisnah Accident Crystal Basthuon : .215. Occupational Diseases. The Indusirial ah siren 216. Fatigue. £.S. Bogardus .

217. LongHours. Felix Frankfurter and Ie ssaphine Goldmark

PAGE

508 509 .

5°09

511 512

514 515

516° 518

532 534

536 537 538

539 541 542

544 546

55° 552 553 554 555

XVI

218. An Outline of the Case against Long Hours.

220. Supply and Demand in the Case of Labor.

221. Craft Skill and the Competitive Struggle. I Nenana

Frankfurter and Josephine Goldmark .

Child Labor. £.S.Bogardus ... .

Marshall .

Molders’ Journal

. The Danger of Economic Insufficiency

222. The Lot of the Workiainnan’ ny dite s Bare

The Share of Wages A. I. M. Rubinow .

. Insecurity through Inadequate Social Control

224. An Outgrown Legal Philosophy. W.F. Dodd .

225. Difficulties of Contract in Labor. 226. Freedom of Contract and Labor.

227. Some Common-Law Dbcianen

. Some Structures Designed to Meet the Difficulties 228. 220. 230. 231.

239. 233% 234.

22. 238.

244. 245.

J. Hh. Tats...

A Program of Reform .

The Organization of the Labor Monee

A Survey of Workingmen’s Insurance in the United

States. C.R. Henderson .

Some Aspects of the Minimum oe

The Socialization of Law.

Reform with ea to Employers’ Ce a G. a

Campbell

Labor Legislation in fore State.

tion

Other Forms of Community Controls

Foundation , Control of Population. W.

Restriction of Immigration.

MISS1ON

The Winning of Industa Suaeeca

Roscoe Pound

@ ace

Productive Co-operation. F. A. Walker

Distributive Co-operation.

F. A. Walker .

Democracy in Industry. A.W.Small . .

The Trade-Union Program A. C. dH. Cooley

B. Sidney and Beatrice Webb .

The Plan of the Socialist.

Syndicalism. V.S. Yarros

William ioe hdige

Felix

Alfred

P. U. Kellogg .

John Dewey and

Chibi ap siatttn , “ . B. Andrews H. me M ills :

Ridssel) S ave Potro

Rese s We

. - 604

PAGE

550 558°

562 564

565 567

569 570

573 574

577 578 588

589 592 594

600 601

606 608 609

611 613 614 616

HH. Are There Social Classes ?

247. 248.

249. 250.

The Mechanical and Psychological Methods of Definition. R. F. Hoxie

The Classical and the Progressive-Uplift Poss of views RP, Hoxie’ :

The Socialist Point of View. 0. D. STK Saar Inheritance and Competition. C.H.Cooley . .

Class-Consciousness in America

A. John Martin

B. Jack London, Ae, di Ley.

An Illustration of the Effect of enwivonn nel aE Hoxie EY. BUA Ih tale tel ifie? YITMAIT SOL »

Chapter X. Concentration

I. Concentration of Production

257- 258.

The Decline of the Handicrafts. Carl Biicher .

The Economic Advantages of Concentration. C. R. Van Hise a

Concentration in Mea ctine

A. Charles Gide

B. C.S. Duncan Relative Increase of Capital aad Employees in sass facturing The Limits of @encentration in veers Pe: J. A. Hobson The Sweating System. The ‘6 nasi Corman Does Large-Scale Production Mean ays ae C.J.

Bullock ;

C. The Modern Industrial and Commercial as.

The Facts Concerning the Growth of Cities

PERM BUPCOU OF Te CCNSUS ee cay x. + etre = “0 B. Bureau of the Census C. A. F. Weber

The Economic Causes of ihe Medere City. A. F. Vy COC a, : Satellite Cities. G. R. T into OR aan ee

II. Concentration of Wealth and Income MO PTODICMISEAL ISS pte (kw ee re he Fey B. Guiding Considerations

Why Wealth Should Be in the Hands of the Many. GE Se vil of the Pence iration A Wealth. Bespiths Abbott

XVli PAGE 617 619

621 622

624 625

649 650

655 662

668 668 671

673 678

686 687

Xviii TABLE OF CONTENTS

264. Forces Making for Equality and for eee RUT Ely

265. hone Goccng fe Distribueion of Bfonetty: | Edwin Cannan

266. Forces Governing the ide aes of Tegore fon Work. Edwin Cannan .

C. The Distribution of Wealth and Income 267. The Increasing Total Available for Distribution. Bureau of the Census

268. The Distribution. of Wesli Be in Differant one W.I. King . Re tse.

269. Property Conditions bf the ite Cites As (Wed eit. s ) B. The Commission on I ndilStPial ‘Reliieiona. 270. Distribution of Income. W. TJ. King

D. Poverty 271. The Standard of Living. F. H. Streightoff . ; 272. The Nature and Extent of Poverty. J. H. 1 iLainder 273. Causes of Poverty. J. A. Hobson 274. Suggested Cures for Poverty ACS LR OTT: AR er eer Ata? Ek SERRE Maran Ne Bre To N OTe Gs Ae ORE ae ee

III. Concentration of Private Control of Industrial Activities

A. Problems at Issue : ; B. The Corporation as an Insta of Care tation

—275. Control by a Dominating Spirit. W.C. Mitchell .

—276. Minority Control A. The Pujo Commitiee B. Julius Kahn ;

— 277. Preferred Stock and Concciuaton Carrel. A. W. H. Lough B. G. J. Shoholm

_278. Voting Trusts. W. H. Lough a

279. Manipulation through Brokers. Samuel Untermyer 280. Concentration through Reorganization

A. Samuel’Untermyer .

B. The Pujo Committee

_281. Interlocking Directorates and Asspeiated Caiporaan A. F.H. Dixon pisos B. The Pujo Committee .

282. The Holding Cone a The I tere eee Commission . . fi Sade

283. Forms of Control over a Cotpotatio#

A. The Interstate Commerce Commission. .

B. The Commissioner of Corporations . . .

PAGE

700 702

700) 714

715 716

716 717 718 718

719 720

722 723

727 728

~C. Other Instruments of Concentration

284. Forms of Combination. L.H. Haney . . sot 285. A Classification of Agreements. L. H. Baad mt 286. The-Original Trust. The Industrial Commission . . 287. Pools . pi page, Ws oe aevens’, a SS aes Syn as B. The Industrial Geis ssiont TR GRR t SE eS 288. Patents. U.S. Bureau of Conporattons iene (ete. 289. The Dinner Party. Court Record 290. Trade Associations. U.S. Bureau of Gurpirdtions: 291. Some Methods of Consolidation among Railroads. The Industrial Commission. 292. Unfair Methods of nisi. eee U. S. Burese pie Corporations ; D. The Trust —293. Forces Making for Combination. LZ. H. Haney _294. Concentration among the Railroads (1906). The Interstate Commerce Commission : 295. Control of ‘Money and Credit (An Accusation). T he . Puyo Committee : 206. Hs aia oie of Money and Gredit (A Reply). Jt P. Mon orgon — 297. Some Advantages of Concentration Pooh he tnausivia: Commission 2USCe 4® RAkGt bo) B. N.Y. Joint Committee on Trusts . 2. « «6 298. The Good Big-Business. JT.N.Carver. . «6 « -« 299. The Evils of the Situation. Z.H.Haney . . . . E.. Remedial Action 300. Control through Ethical Development. A. T. Hadley 301. Proposed Corporation Reform. Samuel Untermyer 302. The Limited Voting Device. The Pujo Committee 303. Cumulative Voting a Check on Concentration. W. dH. Lough f 304. Proposed Remedies for the Evils of Trusts (1 900). ‘The Industrial Commission . . 305. The Seven Sisters of New Jersey (1913), N. si Statutes . : _306. The Sherman Anti- Trust Act Gea). U S. Statutes : __307. Provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (1914). C. W. Wright sa ZOO.

Provisions of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act (aot) :

C. W. Wright

CHAPTER XI. IMPERSONAL RELATIONS ) A.. Problems: at Issue . daiml . shh leodd Leb ee —__—~ B.. Some Manifestations of Ae

309:

Impersonality in Modern Life. Le M. Pm xix

PAGE

77°

3II.

318. 310.

Impersonality under the sg Régime A. S, P.Alimon «:.. Vey brie ada B. W.H. Hamilton . . fartesthe } ARES C. John Dewey and J. H. Tufts eiver(Ceon sates The Impersonality of the Market A... Warner Fite... <5 Bs Oe oe B. E. -D. Pagesernnil, GI eas, Pe Rs eg es Standardization. EE. D. Page

Impersonality and the Worker. Commission on Industrial Relations ee ae Devices ss Meet ‘Impersonal Conditions. E. W. Burgess aes

Migration and Trspensannliey. Wester Sombart Impersonal Laws of Management. R. F. Hoxie

Impersonality, Business eRe and Middle-Class Virtues. Werner Sombart

New Varieties of Sin. E. A. Bees dial hag ene 1 Personal and Social Responsibility Ais aa Dinde. GLOW ci 6 nalts Cixi at be aes aie ote mare B. -J.M. Clark .

CHAPTER XII. THE INDIVIDUAL GUIDANCE OF Economic ACTIVITY

A. Problems at Issue B. The Role of the Consumer 320. Industrial Structure the Product of Human Wants

322. 323-

The Pressure Exerted by the Consumer A. Sidney and Beairice Webb .~ agitak jtieme Nt. Be tJ. MinClarks salt teen bh lave head eee The Consumer and the Broducere J.A. Hobson .

Defences of the Consumer. P.T. Cherington .

324. Woman as a Director of Consumption. Hazel Kyrk .

C. Entrepreneurship

Some Responsible Agents... W.C. Mitchell .

326. The Entrepreneur and the Capitalist. F.A. Walker . 327. The Functions of the Entrepreneur

Roe. D.-Clare .

B. J. M. Clark .

328. Is the Entrepreneur Active or Teno ie 'B. Clark

D. The Financier

329. The Function of the Banker. C.A.Conant . . 330. The Underwriter... W.H. Lough © s728% 15,2290

The Promoter. W.H. Lough... ee as

PAGE

791 792 793

795 797 798

802 806 808

812 816

819 821

833 836 840

842 844

847 852

853 856 861

862 864 867

TABLE OF ‘CONTENTS

“E. Science in Management 332. A Technical dea ee Accountant. J.O. McKinsey 4S ie, iene 2 eg 4335 eee in Viemabementl DME EChSON ie Ae: ho ae CEA O UT A 4. & nck ByplaheKendalli marital Seledervoe esi (aces

334. Scientific Management. “H.S. Person. 5.) 3s 335. The New Industrial Leadership. E.D. Jones... .

CHAPTER XIII. COMPETITION A. "Problems ‘at, Issue*''. °°. iM ety tae via aus B. The Meaning of Economic ainsi 3 _336. Some Definitions and Characterizations. Various sources ~ 337. The Forms of Bceiothic Cormeen A. E.R. A. Seligman .

B. T.N. Carver 338. Competition and Economic Preeden E. R. A. Sap man © 339. Some internectations in Ae Content Af oe A. John Dewey and J. H. Tufts Ys Bie eis sn CUTE oat aay? seis tigi cr

C. Competition as an Organizing Agency —. 340. General Statement of the Services of Competition A. John Bascom B. H.C. Adams 341. Competition and the Survival af Ror a Oniarization A. G. de Molinari B. J.B. Clark ee ey om et ROE 342. Territorial Competition. The Industrial Commission 343. Competition of Cities and Markets A. The Industrial Commission B. L.G. McPherson ODL Ge, ——344. Competition and the Fate of Tedustries. A.T. Hadley

—— 345. What Firm Shall Survive Within an Industry? D. H. MacGregor

346. Competition and the ee of Tadiieerial Methods. Sidney and Beairice Webb .

——. 347. What Marketing Methods Shall Subviver ep tr. Cherington a tye

348. Competition and Fair Brice! & T. Hadley D. An Estimate of the Worth of Competition

349. Competition Does Not Work Perfectly. Charles Gide

_— 350. Competition Faulty as a Regulator of Prices. C. R. Van Hise Lo F GRRE aa vtioaasl nee

878 881

352. 353: 354: 355:

357- 358.

‘TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Tendency to Ever Lower Levels AY Noite Blanes.) sdti—teagt donate a ws B. H.C. Adams

Has Competition Retarded fudustridl Prowse 2 P. Kropotkin

The. Socialists’ Tudibthaent af Competitive Society O. D. Skelton

Has Competition Outlined Its ‘Waetulness > C. H. Cooley

The Brief, Tncomilee Roeh of Gouineution. J . S. : Mill : adds aes Competition Not ehonsible a ‘Many Evils

A. John Bascom

CC. Frédéric Bastiat

Competition Depends on No One Motive. Tox H.

Cooley : : Competition and Loisser Fue Not Synonymous. T. N. Carver. , The Enormous Demande? upon Competition a i.

Cooley

Regions Where Chmnpethide ene: Id Not Be Expected to Organize. John Bascom

Competition and Moral Quality. C. ‘H. ‘Coplbsi