Our pioneers; the heroic deeds and devoted lives of the fathers and mothers of America, embracing the principal episodes in the struggle of the white race with the red men for the possession of the new world ..

Front matter

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Preface

IVILIZATION is a war—a war of light with dark. ness; of truth with falsehood; of the illuminated intellect and the rectified heart with the barbarism of ignorance and the animalism of the savage.

The present work portrays a single phase of this sublime conflict. It recounts one of the thousand campaigns of this war. It is an attempt to condense into a single volume, and give an adequate literary expression to, the thrilling history of the struggle between the White man and the Red man for the possession of this continent. It is also intended to bea memorial to a race of heroes. Other countries have esteemed their earliest heroes as worthy of the song of the poet and the praise of the historian. With us the deeds of our fathers are as yet unsung, and their very names are fading from our memory.

The author has aimed to make this book not only historical, but realistic. It is a truthful account of actual events, gathered from a vast mass of authorities. Yet the design has been pictorial rather than geometrical. The author has sought rather to paint a. picture than to make a map. In the execution of this purpose he has been nobly seconded by the PuBLisHERs,

‘who have spared neither trouble nor expense to procure for g LA ns, PREFACE.

him rare and valuable authorities. The large collections of the public libraries of the country were found inadequate, and booksellers from Boston to San Antonio have been called upon for books difficult of access.

To the vast number of painstaking and truthful writers from whom the author has thus drawn his facts, and perchance even the expression of them, an obligation exists for which no adequate return can be made. The author also takes this opportunity to express his deep obligations to PRoFrgssor JouHn CrnarK Ruippatu, the eminent historian, to whose generous aid he is indebted for suggestions, as well as for additions to the narrative. A similar recognition is due to Hon. Henry A. Ratrermann, whose unequaled hbrary of rare books on American Pioneer History—especially that part relating to the settlement of the Ohio Valley,—has furnished valuable data for this volume, without which much that is interesting would have been lost to these pages.

The liberality of the Pusiisuers has extended not merely to the procurement of literary materials, but. has also enriched the book with a collection of artistic engravings in every way worthy of the topic. Supplemented as his own efforts have been by these powerful and generous aids, it is not without confidence that the work is submitted to the public.

Acti Ni

DreER Park, MARYLAND.

Chapter I. The Legend Of Powhatan

Captain John Smith—His adventures in Turkey—Three single combats and as many victories—Prisoner of a princess—Her suspicious brother—Escape—The Jamestown Colony—Smith, sticking in a quagmire, is captured by Indians—Pocahontas, the king’s daughter—She saves Smith’s life and makes a pet of him—Follies of the colony—Coronation of Powhatan—Smith’s fight with the big Indian— Starvation—A. meal of powdered wife—Betrayal and capture of Pocahontas—Rolfe in love—The marriage and death of the Indian princess—Smith’s hobbies—He dies Pree OO VOCAL LINK AY DIAN Niele tes ulate cies Neka's ¢ leita Gees wld eis, okdya's WW bales Pages 33-81

CHAPTER IL.

THE TRIALS OF LA SALLE.

The greatest French explorer—His saint-like predecessor, Marquette—A grave in a wilderness—La Salle’s ambition—Life in the fort—Building The Griffin—Up the lakes—Loss of The Griffin—La Salle journeys on foot from the Ilinois to Montreal—Bankruptcy and ruin—Tonty’s six gifts, and their significance—The second attempt—Down the Mississippi—-The fort on ‘Starved Rock’’—The simpleton of Versailles—French reénforcements—Four vessels set sail from France for the Delta of the Mississippi—Shipwreck of them all—Lost in a Texan wilderness— Suffering and treachery—La Salle attempts to reach the Illinois—His assassina- DUCE Pete Aig eco Tie ets tile WE Miei hee dete las taha cies cdvden Siwraieh we Pages 82-123

Chapter III. Rogers’ Rangers

Captain Rogers—His fierce scouts—Their exploits on Lake George—English scalps worth sixty francs—The Rangers on skates give chase to nine sleds on the ice—A fearful race—The triumph of men over brutes—Fort William Henry—

10 CONTENTS.

A debauch on Saint Patrick’s Eve—Saved by the Rangers—Burning of the fort— An awful battle—Two-thirds of the Rangers killed—Rogers’ leap—Lost in a wilderness of snow—An insane guide—The St. Francis expedition—A two hundred mile march—An Indian wedding feast—Destruction of the village........ Pages 126-149

Chapter IV. The Ambition Of Pontiac

The mighty chieftain of the Ottawas—The conspiracy—Council of infernal peers—The plot at Detroit—Warned by an Indian girl—Guns hidden under blankets—Foiled—Presque Isleh—An Indian mine—Fire and sword—Surrender of the haggard garrison—Michillimackinac—The game of bal]—Success of the stratagem— Butchery of the garrison—The trader Henry’s adventures—Hidden in a garret— Discovered—A friend in need—Carried away—The siege of Detroit—A vast fireship—-A midnight sally—Attacked in a ravine—Bloody defeat—The fight around Campan’s house—Retreat of the survivors—Boquet’s expedition—The circular fight—Wreck of the Lake Erie expedition—The Paxton boys—A panic in Philadelphia—Peace—Pontiac’s death os. 00 Rs, och udereetssaitees ony es ss Pages 150-209

Chapter V. Joseph Brant And The Mohawks

An American castle—A symmetrical maiden—Sir William Johnson—The Five Nations—A terrible wrestling match—Conquests of the Iroquois—The Revolution—Brant and the English landlord—A gay rider in the dust—Old Fort Schuyler— A faithful dog—The siege—Battle in the swamp—Brant’s cruelties—Massacre of three hundred whites—Invasion of the Indian country—An ear of corn twenty-two inches long—Burning of Ellis’s mills—An amour of a Dutch trader—Brant in old BLOr avis ve crema vane vie's sin Kags nid vie Cb Sieletlec eee ieieed sleet eine aati Sree Pages 210-266

Chapter VI. The Conflict In The Ohio Valley

Transformation—The escape of McConnel—Capture—Sleeping in bonds—The knife—Killing his captors—A race for life—A fight in a fog—Old Morgan’s strength—Biting off a finger—An American Meg Merrilles—The black horse— Through the wilderness—The great fight of Poe and Big Foot—Five Kentucky boys and their pluck—Drawing the claret—The boys kill their keepers and escape— A strange story—The first Chickamauga—The attack on Widow Scraggs’s cabin— ‘‘Keep the door shut!’—Driven out by the flames—Mrs. Merrill’s bravery—The sufferings of Massy Harbison—One hundred and fifty thorns in her feet and legs— The blood avenger—The wizard’s punishment,....sesereeeeers reece Pages 267-318

CONTENTS. 11

Chapter VII. The Courage Of Kenton

Simon Kenton—The tortures of love—Flight to the wilderness—Stealing horses from the Indians—Unable to ford the Ohio—Captured and whipped—Eight times exposed to the gauntlet—Three times tied to the stake—The burning-glass story—

Chapter VIII

Father and son—A rum experience—Talking by the roadside—Three rifle-shots—Scalped—Sam Brady—A dull Dutchman—Touching elbows—Brady’s MRA Ls WOO tes ly Sie ele Rouse aya at cls eats ys a'g Nas luge sina’ ew G¥oik siete bina’ enlaces Pages 335-344

Chapter IX. The Days Of Daniel Boone

Westward, ho!—A ruined cabin—Devoured by wolves—A flask of whisky— Thirsty squaws—Boone’s family—Capture of the girls—The rescuing party —An uplifted tomahawk—Haggard with hunger—Siege of Boonesborough—Tracked by a bloodhound—Boone swallows a butcher-knife—Frightened women—Bringing in the water—The terrible battle of Blue Licks—Later years............ Pages 345-369

Chapter X, The Cruelties Of Girty

The renegade—Frightening the Moravians—The beautiful Katy Malott—The attack on Dunlap’s Station—Relief party from Cincinnati—Blind, drunken, and PS CEL AYET Lys aR CMe ISS pigs pL aS gh Ge AE ea Pages 370-381

Chapter XI. The Doom Of Crawford

The Sandusky expedition—The army on the march—A bad omen—A deserted village—Indian, spies—The enemy in sight—The first day’s battle—A hat for a water-bucket—The second day—The attack at nightfall—Rout of the whites in the grove—The fatal cranberry marsh—The retreat—Shot on the river bank—The poisoned kettle—A Russian noble—Siover and Paull—Painted black—The Gauntlet—Tossed to the dogs—Sentenced to be burned alive—Interruption by a thunderstorm—Miraculous escape—Naked and bleeding—Seventy-five miles in eleven hours—Dr. Knight—The foolish Tutelu—His lies—William Crawford—Stake and flames—‘‘For God’s sake, shoot me through the heart!’’—The spirit ESN SERRE See ee SU care Ge cee AE ee eM anc eet hehe an 0 ch wee aaa exe Pages 382-420

12 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XIL.

THE ROMANCE OF RED EAGLE.

The Emperor Alexander—Red Eagle as a boy—A rich man’s home—The idol of the people—Tecumseh—A false prophet—Red Eagle’s sweetheart—Love and War— The massacre of Fort Mims—Card playing and drinking among the garrison—The growing sand-heap—The attack—The hopeless defense—‘‘To the bastion!’’—Red Eagle’s nobility—Searching the heaps of corpses—The dog charge—Jackson’s campaigns—Dale’s famous canoe fight—Mutinies—The battle of the Horseshoe—Surrender of ‘Red Hagley re %.t cea s gies ah viepahteh our plato & Pele mae seh Pages 421-450

CHAPTER XIIL

THE TRUE STORY OF THE PROPHET.

The change of name—Mythical ancestry—The good elder brother—White scoundrels—Red villains—The great conspiracy—The rogue of a prophet—His miracles— The sun darkened—Tecumseh’s love for his sister—His ambition—The nighbefore the battle—Tippecanoe—Harrison’s victory—Tecumseh’s rage—Battle of the Thames—Who killed Tecumseh?........ SAG aed ta Bh 9 et 2 Pages 451-484

CHAPTER XIV.

THE SORROWS OF THE SEMINOLES.

The Seminole’s curse—Blood-money—Exile or war—Massacred among the Palmetto trees—Reign of terror on the plantations—The ‘‘House of Blood’’—Scalped in a parlor—The tragedy in the flower garden—Thirty skeletons in a row—Fever, flood, famine—The conspirators in the chief’s wigwam—Knives glistening in the starlight—The flight—Osceola betrayed—‘‘I feel choked; you must talk’’—The caged eagle—The squeeze through the embrasure—A fifty-foot leap—Osceola’s dungeon—Despair—Death—Bloodhounds used in the war—Killed in a cupola— Horrors of the Florida war—Coacoochee’s capture—The departure into perpetual ORLA. skh ica'k s Wied ste ieWMek a pales Oabtata aie eee ls pi laladp rads voltae aie she Goh whe Pages 485-520

CHAPTER XV.

BLACK HAWK’S HUMILIATION.

First chapter of an Indian Genesis—Battles of the gods—Tricked into a treaty— Willing to die for his brother—‘‘Move’’—Who is Black Hawk?—Stealing roasting-ears from one’s own fields—A dog banquet—A squaw swims the Mississippi, carrying her child in her teeth—‘‘Paint me as I am’’—The princely Keokuk —Gall and WOFD WOOK sis Fos e sa cate ditoin Men's Soles Aan ae CRN ee ale aad Cee i a area Pages 521-536

CONTENTS. é 13

CHAPTER XVI.

THE HISTORY OF KIT CARSON.

The Carson family—An old mare for supper—Monsieur Le Beaver—A tail for a shovel—Political and domestic life of the smart animal—The great Kit—The trappers— Winter life in a trappers’ tent—The ace of trumps—aA fight in the snow— Two men ina fort—The dash for life—Twelve hundred dollars’ worth of horses stolen—Carson’s pursuit—Shot through the heart—Terrible fight with grizzly bears—The summer rendezvous—The duel with the bully—The ‘‘surround”— Othello’s occupation gone—The angry trader—The Kansas border war—The deserted home—Fremont and Kit—Through the Mexican lines—Bleeding feet —The runner—General Carson—Last sickness—‘‘Doctor, compadre, RA EEF EMERG et NR Fe Layee ast Wana Wigs Rite grar eha’s bah ds dies dad 8) ofr 30 9 8 Soe dees Pages 537-585

CHAPTER XVII.

HEROES OF THE LONE STAR STATE.

Nelson Lee, the Texan Ranger—A dollar a day to be shot at—Buckskin vs. Broadcloth—The Ranger’s Horse—A ‘‘greeny’s’’ first taste—Seven hundred Comanches—Tomahawks rising and falling—A bullet in a bridle arm—Bitten by a rattlesnake—The noble Black Prince—The cunning ranchero—His successful stratagem—On to the Rio Grande—The surrender of the Rangers to Mexicans— Lee escapes through a garden—In the dark river—Steep and slippery banks—Lee forces two Mexicans to guide him—The purchase of the watch—The night attack—Wonders of the watch—A god or a devil—which?—The awful torture— An Indian sweetheart—In the bushes—Recaptured—Lamed for life—The Sleek Otter—Lee kills Rolling Thunder, and escapes.................22005. Pages 586-606

CHAPTER XVITI.

HEROES OF THE LONE STAR STATE—CONTINUED.

David Crockett—The wretched home—Dodging a drunken father—A child alone in a wilderness—Twice married— Walks fifty miles in one day—The flames of fever—Frontier justice—The candidate—In the Legislature—Moves west—The bear hunt in the storm—The coat with two pockets—‘‘Half horse, half alligator’ — Elected to Congress, when he could neither read nor write—The dinner with the President—Three terms—Then defeat—To Texas—The siege of the Alamo— Crockett bravely meets death—The fighting parson—A young teamster—A successful preacher—In the Confederate army—Attacked in the cafion—Peaceful EE UM Ee NEEL A ste ehe gol Pe te chta Sa NUS: eo aN ants AKIN ctals'y Soa eae Coles We ids oa whee Pages 607-625

CHAPTER XIX.

THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE.

The greatest real estate deal in history—The Democrat and the Autocrat— Pioneers of peace—Exploration on a large scale—Some forgotten heroes—‘‘The first American traveler’”—‘‘The greatest American traveler’’—Cabeza de Vaca—

14 CONTENTS.

John Law and the Mississippi Bubble—How we bought Louisiana—The Cabildo— The Santa Fe Trail—The Pony Express—Gold in the Black Hills—Custer’s last fight—The Oklahoma ‘‘boom’’—The pioneers of to-day............... Pages 626-635

CHAPTER XX.

THE GREAT NORTHWEST.

Where and why pioneers advance into the wilderness—Effect of climate— Rivers the highways—The thirst for gold—The desire for freedom—Great names in the Great Northwest—The first American sailor on the Pacific Ocean—Lewis and Clarke expedition—Astoria—How Marcus Whitman saved Oregon—The Mormons and their journey to Utah—Gold in California—The Pacific rail- WAYS s'visscis se gras ole oie oreieltig pn ee.e' stars cain eens miter tears l Oh tee euatns € 0G so ees Seine Pages 636-660 .

CHAPTER XXI.

PANAMA AND THE CANAL.

A new republic—Panama in history—The greed for gold—Character of the Spanish settlers—Discovery of the Pacific Ocean by Balboa—Spain attempts to keep her discoveries a secret—The Buccaneers—Plunder of Panama by Morgan and his men—The Route to the California gold fields—Opening of the railway—De Lesseps and the Panama Canal—Present condition and future........Pages 661-674

CHAPTER XXII.

THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION.

The Leap of a Century—One hundred years of progress—The: rise of a great nation—Invention changing habits and methods of life—A fitting commemoration of the acquisition of the Mississippi Valley—The landscape beauty of the Exposition— Immensity and beauty—The palatial buildings—The wealth of exhibits—The treasures of art—Intellectual achievements—The attractions of the Midway—Significance of the Exposition........ 0.66 016.h sth pieeia Che ee Lea heenede si ii eee Tre

Introduction

THE PIONEER was a rugged seer As he crossed the Western river,

Where the Copper Man called the INDIAN Lay hid with his bow and quiver.

_ As for the pioneer, his days are numbered. As for the Indian, there he stands, a specter on the horizon!

The conflict has been irrepressible. There could be no compromise; the races were too unlike. The red man had no beauty that our spirits could desire him. The verdict of civilization has been, that his room is better than his company. It is an edict issued from the court of Progress—that ferocious Titan who strides from East to West—that the Indian shall disappear, shall be remanded to the past, shall evanish.

In those great movements by which the populations of the world are transformed, History-is blind, cruel, remorseless. She is the least sentimental of, all the divinities. She neither smiles at human happiness, nor weeps at human sorrow; she merely attends to her syllogism. When she finds a tribe of nomads living in a valley adapted to the cultivation of corn, she sends the news to some corn-raising race, and leaves the rest to cupidity and the casuists.

And the casuists make a muck of the whole business. They seek a design. They find it in this—that the soil is intended for those who will cultivate it. They fix on this correlation. The hint of nature is, that the clover-field and the orchard must take the place of the brake and the wilderness. It is all very

16 INTRODUCTION beautiful. The designated race comes in; and the gray squirrel, after gibing at the business for a season, goes over the horizon followed by a bullet.

But how about the other side of the question? It is well for the supplanters—but the supplanted? The red deer is designed for she cane-brake, and the cane-brakefor him. Both are designed for the hunter. Is Nature not as well pleased to be tracked by a buck of ten spikes, as to be wounded in the breast with a hoe?

In this world there is one law: the weakest goes to the wall. Men may as well expect a weight on’ the shorter arm of a lever to lift a greater weight on the longer, as to suppose a reversal of this law. There is such a thing as a science of Historical Physics, which it is time for thinkers to consider. The fundamental maxim in the dynamics of progress is, that the greater force overcomes the less. They who will, may complain of the result and try to explain it.

The movement of civilization westward, from Bebwlan to Rome, from Rome to London, from London to San Francisco, has furnished a succession of eras in which the stronger, more highly developed races, have flung themselves in heavy masses upon the aboriginal populations. The latter have yielded, have perished, are perishing. In Greece, the Hellenes came upon the Pelasgians, and the latter were either exterminated or absorbed. Again, in Southern Italy, the (Enotrians were overwhelmed by the aggressive colonists of Magna Grecia. The Gaulish and British Celts sank into the earth under the tremendous pressure of the Roman and the Saxon. The American aborigines, forced back from the seaboard through the passes of the Alleghanies, are swept across the great valley of the Mississippi, and thrown up like pebbles on the plains of the West.

In the great march which has thus substituted the wheatfield for the cane-brake, and made the White man the exterminator of the Red barbarian, there is this that is peculiar: in America the work has been done by a class of men unknown

INTRODUCTION r 17 in Europe—Tue Pioneers. Europe was peopled by large bodies of men moving from one country to another. In _ many regions the antiquarian finds the Age of Stone suddenly cut off by the Age of Bronze, without any intervening Age of Copper. This means that a bronze-bearing soldiery overwhelmed the people of the Stone Age before the latter had developed into a capability of working the metals. The Hellenes came from the east as migrating tribes. The original peoples of the peninsula were extinguished by the: invaders. The Gaulish nations were trodden under foot by Cvsar’s armies. , The followers of Hengist and Horsa, before whom the Celts of Britain perished, were an innumerable horde. Everywhere, except in our own country, the movement has been en masse. But in America the work has been accomplished by a different process. Here we have had the gradual approach of civilization, and the gradual recession of barbarism. Population has been flung westward in a spray, which has fallen far out beyond the actual line of the column. Hence the pioneers.

‘It is surprising that no State of the great sisterhood, west of the influence of the Atlantic tides, has been colonized. Every commonwealth has been peopled by the scattered scouts of progress—the pioneers. They have come by twos and threes. The individual, unable longer to endure the hardships of civilization, has moved out to find the comforts and conveniences of the wilderness. - At the first he consisted of himself, his dog, and his gun. A little later he consisted of himself, several dogs, one wife, and many children. Afterwards he consisted of himself, with the concomitants last mentioned, and a neighbor of precisely the same definitions.

We have thus had in America a race of men, swe generis— the pioneers—the hardiest breed of adventurers that ever foreran the columns of civilization. They belonged, like other heroes, to the Epoch of the Dawn. The Old World knew them not. They are our own—or were; for the pioneer type is in process of extinction. ‘Like the red tribes, pressed back

18 INTRODUCTION by their energies, the rugged adventurers who made ourselves possible, are seen only in the glow of sun-down. The line of pioneer life has swept westward from the Connecticut to the Hudson; from the Delaware to the Ohio; from the Ohio to the Wabash, the Wisconsin, and the Illinois; from the Father of Waters to the Rockies and the Plains. In a few more years there will be no place on the continent, or any continent, that can properly be called Tur West. The pioneer has always lived in the West. He will disappear with his habitat, and never be seen more.

The pioneers were a people of heroic virtues—and no literature. The situation forbade it. The actual life of the men who made civilization possible in the larger part of the United States was remanded at their death to tradition. The pioneer bard starved. The pioneer annalist left his notebook to his son, who lost it while moving further west. The next generation repeated the story of frontier life as it had been received from the fathers. A few wrote. From Canada to the lagoons of Louisiana a traditional lore grew up and was perpetuated. Then came books, most of them written with little skill and no dramatic quality, often garrulous, sometimes dull. In them, however, were portrayed the incidents and accidents of that darmg life which was soon to sink behind the horison. |

A few of these frontier books were written by the actors; others, by those who had not participated in the scenes described; most, by persons of little scholarship or wit. Until the present time few works on pioneer life and adventure have been produced which have exhibited artistic merit and literary ability. The flash of life through the cumbrous drama has been obscured by dull conception, coarse diction, ungainly style, and unnatural arrangement. It is important at the present epoch, when the sun of our heroes’ fame is setting, but has not set, that a true and vivid picture should he preserved of the life which they led, and the deeds which they performed.

As it respects this preservation for posterity of the annals

INTRODUCTION 19 of our Pioneer Age—the story of our great adventurers and heroes—there is thus presented an alternative between the now and the never. What is not presently accomplished in the way of an authentic record of the daring exploits of the fathers will never be accomplished at all. It is a question of immediate photography. The pioneer may still be sketched ere the sunlight fades into darkness; but the evening cometh, when no instrument, however delicate its lenses, can supply the want of a living subject for the picture. In another generation the sketch of the American adventurer will be but the reproduction of a wood-cut, instead of a photograph from nature. Whoever by genius and industry contributes to fix in our literature an adequate conception of the lives and deeds of our heroes will make himself a favorite of the present and a friend of the coming generation.

Such a work requires the skill of a dramatist. It is not enough that the story of the men, “who by their valor and warcraft beat back the savages from the borders of civilization, and gave the American forests to the plow and the sickle,” should be told even passably well; it must be told with the fervor and living power of the drama. Shakespeare is now recognized as the prince of historians. If we would study the story of the struggles of York and Lancaster, we shall do better in the three //enrys and the two Pichards than in the flat and lifeless pages of Hall and Hollinshed. It has remained for our times to discover that the historical imagination is better than the historical microscope. The former discovers men; the latter, insects. The former composes the Drama of Life; the latter the Farce of Particulars. |

The present work isa series of dramas in prose. It gathers and relates the exploits of our national heroes. The characters live and act. The material is gathered from the wild, but not extravagant, annals of frontier life. LHvery scene in this book is a true photograph from Man and Nature. The incidents are real. They are sketched with a dramatic power

20 INTRODUCTION.

which can be paralleled in no other book devoted to the romance and tragedy of American adventure. The author has precisely that kind of fervor which is requisite to make alive the very pages whereon his characters are marshaled for our interest. The book conforms emphatically to the prime conditions of narrative: it 1s interestiny and true. The interest is maintained by the vigor and enthusiasm of the treatment; the truth has been elicited by a careful culling and comparison of the various traditions, which are thus given a new lease of life.

The book is a work of art. It is composed with a skill worthy of the highest species of literary effort. The arrangement of the several parts, and the adaptation of style to subject, show on the part of the author a rare combination of brilhant fancy and artistic taste. Mr. Mason has made the happy discovery that dullness in a book is never commended, except in the columns of a magazine called the Owls’ Own Quarterly.

To all classes of people Tur Story oF tHE PronrERs will recommend itself. The book will be read carefully—which is an important consideration in the premises. ‘The American boy will take fire as he turns these pages. The mild-eyed youth in the bubble-stage of sentiment will wonder that such things could be and not o’ercome the actors. He who has reached the zone of apathy in the Middle Age of Man will find in these thrilling stories of the life that 1s setting a-west food to revive the adventurous spirit; and the nonagenarian may chance to be re-warmed to hear again so graphically related the traditions that hovered about the fountains of his youth.

A book so well conceived and admirably executed—so vivid in its delmeations of the lives and deeds of our national heroes, and so picturesque in its contrasts and surprises—can hardly fail of a hearty reception by the public.

JoHN CLARK RIpPATH.

Captain Brady and His Chickasaw Scout

The Great Powhattan :

Sufferings of the Vrooman Family .

Pioneer Women Inciting Indians to Violence

Alice Thompson’s Appeal for Mercy

Red Jacket Pleading for Peace pin ais : Carson Conducting Emigrants across the Sierra Nev ada Carson Parleying with Cheyenne Scouts .

Cheyenne Braves on the War Path . :

The Sioux Massacre at Big Stone Lake, Minnesota Frontier Settlers in Minnesota—the Boelter Homestead? The First Day at Jamestown phat Captain Smith Amuses Pocahontas with Toys ,

French and Indian Hunters of the Blue Juniata

An Indian Scout Reconnoitering . rues

Battle of Captain Smith and the Indian Chiet .

- Pocahontas eB Baptism of Virginia Dare Marriage of Rolfe and Pocahontas Escaping from Brant’s Indians La Salle and His Companions .

Marquette and Joliet Preaching . : La Salle Proclaiming the French Empire in enone Murder of La Salle in Texas

Torture of a Prisoner by the Iroquois . . . .. . 21

. Frontispiece 24

Ay LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Death of Braddock .

Rogers’ Rangers on Lake George ~ ne: Catherine Reveals the Conspiracy to Gladwin . toger Williams Opposing the Pequot Emissaries . Arrival of Dalzell with Supplies .

Panic of the Philadelphians at the Ae oorl of the Parsoile

The Baronet in Council with the Mohawks

The Battle near Fort Schuyler

The Summons at Captain Mann’s pee Me eg ee fale ake Struggle of a Frontier Militiaman with a Mohawk Brave . Joseph Brant . . Nps h ake Capture of David Morgan’s Assailant .

The End of Vengence . : Conflict of the Linn Boys with the eet , The Defense of the Scraggs Cabin

Mrs. Harrison and Her Captors

Witchcraft at Salem Village ap ar Killing an Indian Scout in the Ohio Valley .

A. Western Mazeppa—Simon Kenton a Hesoney Death of James Brady

Brady’s Leap . neon ,

Boone Rescues the Calloway Sisters

Boone Rescues His Daughter ate | Slover’s Companion Running the Gauntlet . Assassination of Marat by Charlotte Sora ey Tecumseh Entering the Council .

Region of the Creek War

The Dog Charge

Andrew Jackson

Red Eagle’s Leap :

Plan of the Battle of the Horseshoe

Tecumseh . ;

Capture of Boone by the Indians

Tecumseh as a Deer Hunter

Fort Harrison roe ; Roh ih General Harrison’s Cavalry Horses Siampeded Battle of Tippecanoe—Where Jo Daviess Fell : The Seminole War—Massacre of the Motte epee Osceola .

Zachary Taylor

Rescue of Lucy Cornells poe Red apis!

Black Hawk

Keokuk ,

Ww WwW. 0 a ee)

ew © OO oe IS Om Ww

Qt ws io 2)

Lo ww er tow a oO © C9 29

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Carson and the Trappers in Camp

Carson Killing the Horse Thief

Carson Attacked by Grizzlies . ; Encounter Between Carson and Shunan

The Rescue of Cotton . é oun

Carson and His Favorite Horse ‘‘Apache’’

The Rangers Pursuing the Comanches

Spotted Leopard, the Comanche Chief

Colonel David Crockett a

Attacked by the Nez Perce Indians

Fremont on the Rocky Mountains

Robert Sieur De La Salle

TOTP AAT ITURULO gko woraites hehe set ie re dae ah eo Pierre Laclede, First Settler of St. Louis .

The Destiny of the Red Man ...... .

Emblematic Group ‘‘Georgraphy and Society”’ A Corner Entrance of the Varied Industries Palace .

Machinery Palace in Foreground, Electricity Palace Beyond Main Entrance and Portion of West Facade of Educational Palace

A Corner Entrance of the Education Palace

23 PAGE

Sh LX |J]WyYaqwyNn7~-Cec_gcggaewgYVy7L” WN ff Wee Yip

—————

THE GREAT POWHATAN, ae WH, Mp NY ek

SUFFERINGS OF THE VROOMAN FAMILY.

gnarl ni “it, TOUTE AA i a

_ ol eé

PIONEER WOMEN INCITING INDIANS TO VIOLENCE.

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Chapter I

ar HE age of Elizabeth was an age of wonders. The extension of commerce and the revival of learning, the reformation of religion and the revolution of science, the rise of civil liberty and the invention of negro slavery, the theory of the planets, the proof of the circulation of the blood, and the discoveries in the New World, all combined, at once, by their variety and oppositeness, to stimulate and astonish the minds of men. It was a dozen epochs crowded into one. The wildest romances were seriously believed, and the soberest facts laughed at as chimeras. Every thing which was simple and matter of fact was rejected. The more improbable a thing was, the more willingly men received it as. truth. At such a time the stories of the traveler found a ready audience.