Men and issues of '92. A grand national portrait gallery, containing photographs of leading men of all parties; with a full and fair presentation of the great national questions of the day ... Also the lives of Republican and Democratic candidates for president and vice-president, with national platforms

Front matter

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Contents

OUTLINE OF THE SITUATION— SATISFACTORY OUTLOOK— No NOVEL ISSUES— No PERSONALISM— PARTISANSHIP AT A DISCOUNT— AN ACTIVE AND LABORIOUS CAMPAIGN— ABSENCE OF PYROTECHNICS —THE " SCHOOL-HOUSE" PLAN— PRINTING PRESS AND CLUB ROOM— A FULL AND DELIBERATE VERDICT— THE TARIFF AS AN ISSUE — PRINCIPLE OF PROTECTION AND FREE-TRADE — TARIFF OF 1883 — TIDAL WAVE OF 1882-83 — ATTITUDE OF PAR- TIES — THE " MORRISON BILL " — CLEVELAND'S INAUGURAL — RANDALL'S POSITION — SENTIMENT IN 1886 — AN ISSUE NEEDED FOR 1888 — -CLEVELAND'S TARIFF REFORM MESSAGE — DEMO- CRATIC COMMITMENT — PARTY LINES DISTINCTLY DRAWN — THE MILLS BILL— CAMPAIGN OF 1888 — TARIFF OF 1890— TIDAL WAVE OF 1890 — CARLISLE'S REVIEW OF THE SITUATION — MILLS AND CRISP — THE " DIVIDE AND CONQUER " PLAN — ELECTIONS OF 1891-92 — THEIR MEANING — THE TARIFF ISSUE A SQUARE ONE— FREE SILVER COINAGE — ATTITUDE OF THE Two PARTIES— OPINION OF HENRY CABOT LODGE— THE FARM- ERS' ALLIANCE — GREENBACK AND FREE SILVER PARTIES — THE BLAND BILL — WARNER SILVER BILL — THE SILVER QUESTION IN PARTY PLATFORMS — CLEVELAND'S SILVER POSITION — SILVER ACT OF 1890— DRIFT OF DEMOCRACY TOWARD FREE SILVER— THE REPUBLICAN ATTITUDE— DEMANDS OF THE ALLIANCE— THE SILVER MINERS— A FREE BALLOT— THE FORCE BILL— THE "BILLION DOLLAR CONGRESS " — THE "NICKEL CON- GRESS"— OPINIONS OF POLITICAL LEADERS ....

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II. The Doctrine Of Free-trade

DEFINITION OF FREE-TRADE — PRINCIPLE OF A TARIFF — EARLY FREE- TRADERS—TARIFF FOR REVENUE— TARIFF REFORM— POLITICS CONFUSES TERMS— THE ENGLISH IDEA— OLD AND NEW THEO- RIES—LAW AS TO CAPITAL— As TO LABOR— PRODUCTIVENESS AND LABOR— INCREASED PRICE— DOCTRINE OF " LAISSEZ FAIRE" — PROTECTION INIQUITOUS — CLASS TAXATION— DIMINISHED LABOR— WRONG OF THE CUSTOM HOUSE— DIVISION OF LABOR —AGGREGATE OF LABOR— DIVERSIFIED INDUSTRY— PRODUCE FOR PRODUCE— VALUE OF FREE COMPETITION— FACILITY OF EXCHANGES— DIMINUTION OF LABOR— CAPITAL AND EMPLOY- MENT— INDEPENDENCE OF FOREIGNERS — FREE-TRADE IN POLI- TICS— TARIFF A TAX — MONOPOLIES AND TRUSTS — VIEWS OF GLADSTONE AND PATRICK HENRY — PROTECTION INVOKES WARS — ENGLAND REPUDIATED HER OWN PROTECTION LAWS — REACHES FREE-TRADE—VIEWS OF WELLS, TAUSSIG, ROBERT PEEL, JACKSON, ROWAN, DALLAS — PROTECTION LEADS TO SMUGGLING — COMPARISON OF FREE-TRADE AND PROTECTION ERAS — VIEWS OF BUCHANAN, LLOYD, GARFIKLD — SMITH — FREE- TRADE ERA OF 1850 TO 1860 ONE OF PROSPERITY . . .69

III. Doctrine Of Protection

PRINCIPLE NOT IN DOUBT — PRACTICED BY ALL NATIONS — NECES- SARY TO COMMERCIAL SUPREMACY — FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING INDEPENDENCE— PROTECTION UNITES ART AND NATURE— PROTECTIVE AND REVENUE TARIFFS— REVENUE DU- TIES FALL ON NECESSARIES — PROTECTIVE DUTIES FALL ON COMPETITIVE ARTICLES — RATE AND ADJUSTMENT OF PROTECTIVE DUTIES — PROHIBITORY RATES — ESSENCE OF LABOR IN PRO- DUCTS— PER CENT. OF LABOR — APPLICATION OF PROTECTION TO LABOR — EFFECT OF PROTECTION ON LABOR — PROTECTION DOES NOT INCREASE COST TO CONSUMER— COMPETITION REGU- LATES COST— ENCOURAGEMENT TO CAPITAL— To INVENTION- MORE AND BETTER GOODS— TARIFF FOR PROTECTION NOT A TAX — PRODUCERS PAY THE DUTY— SENTIMENT IN BRADFORD—

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OPINIONS OF LIST, SMITH, MILL — ADVANTAGE OF PROTECTION TO AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES — "THE AMERICAN SYSTEM" — OPINIONS OF WASHINGTON, MADISON, JEFFERSON, TAUSSIG — AMERICAN CONDITIONS — EUROPEAN CONDITIONS — PROTE-CTION CURES MONOPOLY— GIVES COMPETING POWER ABROAD — REVE- NUE TARIFF A TAX — DOCTRINE OF NATURAL RIGHT — DUTY OF DEVELOPMENT— USE OF NATURAL GIFTS— OUR OWN ECONOM- ICS — ABSOLUTE CHEAPNESS NOT DESIRABLE — PROTECTION DOES NOT TEND TO OVERPRODUCTION— PROTECTION SINCE 1861 —CAREY'S DEDUCTIONS — USES TO FARMERS— FREE " RAW MATERIAL" — PROTECTION NOT FOR PRIVILEGED CLASSES- DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO GREAT FORTUNES— NOR TO TRUSTS — TENDS TO FAIRER PROFITS— OUR MATERIAL GROWTH . . 96

IV. Our Tariff Legislation

ENGLISH COLONIAL SYSTEM — THE CONFEDERATION AND FREE- TRADE— THE CONSTITUTION AND IMPOSTS — TARIFF ACT OF 1789— PROTECTIVE ERA— EMBARGO AND TARIFF OF 1812— HIGH PROTECTIVE ERA— ACT OF 1816— DISASTERS OF 1817-19 — ACT OF 1824 AND THE "AMERICAN SYSTEM" — ATTITUDE OF PARTIES — ACT OF 1828 — HOSTILITY TO IT AND COMPROMISE ACT OF 1833 — NULLIFICATION — PANIC OF 1837 — PROTECTIVE RATES OF 1842 — REPEALING Acr OF 1846 — EFFECT OF MEXI- CAN WAR, DISCOVERY OF GOLD, FOREIGN WARS AND FAMINES — TARIFF ACT OF 1857 — PANIC OF 1857— PROTECTIVE Acr OF 1861— EFFECT OF CIVIL WAR— PANIC OF 1873 AND AcT OF 1874 — THE TARIFF COMMISSION AND TARIFF OF 1883 — THE MORRISON BILL — THE MILLS BILL — TARIFF ACT OF 1890 — POLICY OF RECIPROCITY — TARIFF LEGISLATION IN 1892 — TARIFF SENTIMENT ABROAD — LORD SALISBURY'S VIEWS — TARIFF FIG- URES 124

V. The Silver Question

IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION, "WHAT is MONEY?— KINDS OF MONEY — MONEY VALUES — MONEY SYSTEMS — AMERICAN COIN-

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AGE — FIRST COINAGE ACT — GOLD AND SILVER VALUES — REA- SONS FOR A CHANGE — COINAGE ACT OF 1834 — MISTAKEN RA- TIOS— SILVER MONOMETALLIZED — " GRESHAM'S LAW" — "MINT ACT" OF 1837 — COINAGE ACT OF 1849 — EFFECTS OF THE DIS- COVERY OF GOLD — ALARM OF THE COMMERCIAL WORLD — OUR " LEGAL TENDER ACTS " — RESUMPTION OF THE COINAGE ACT OF 1873— SILVER DEMONETIZED— THE " TRADE DOLLAR " or 1876 — EXTENT OF COINAGE TO 1878 — COINAGE ACT OF 1878— FREE AND UNLIMITED COINAGE SYSTEM— RESTORATION OF THE SILVER DOLLAR— COINAGE ACT OF 1890— WHAT IT DID — THE PROPOSED FREE COINAGE ACT OF 1892— WHAT IT SEEKS — COMPARED WITH OTHER ACTS— MINT FIGURES — How TO FIGURE SILVER RATIOS AND VALUES 198

VI. Reciprocity In America

GENERAL VIEW OF RECIPROCITY— COMMERCIAL TREATIES— " MOST FAVORED NATION" CLAUSE — RECIPROCITY AND THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS — MODERN COMMERCIAL ERA — ESCAPE FROM EU- ROPEAN DOMINION — THE " MONROE DOCTRINE " — PROPHECY OF JOHN ADAMS— THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE — REPORT ON RECIPROCITY — ELAINE'S REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATION — RECI- PROCITY AND TARIFF ACT OF 1890— SECOND STAGE OF RECI- PROCITY—ACCEPTANCE BY FOREIGN NATIONS — EFFECT UPON COMMERCIAL RELATIONS — GENERAL VIEW OF ITS OPERATIONS . 261

VII. Electoral And Popular Votes

ELECTORAL VOTE FOR 1888 BY STATES — THE POPULAR VOTE — VOTE BY STATES IN 1884 — THE ELECTORAL VOTE — THE POPU- LAR VOTE — THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE IN ALL PRESIDENTIAL YEARS — CANDIDATES AND PARTIES — DISPUTED ELECTIONS — THE EFFECT OF THE TWELFTH AMENDMENT — VOTES FOR EACH CANDIDATE — THE POPULAR VOTE— WHEN POPULAR VOTE BE- GAN TO BE COUNTED— As CAST FOR EACH CANDIDATE— VALUA- BLE AND INTERESTING DATA 342

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VIII. Life Of Benjamin Harrison

PARENTAGE AND EARLY LIFE — AT COLLEGE — A LAW STUDENT — MARRIAGE— AT THE INDIANAPOLIS BAR— RISE IN HIS PROFES- SION—PARTNERSHIPS—IN THE ARMY — COLONEL OF -jam INDIANA— WITH HOOKER'S " FIGHTING CORPS "—ON TO AT- LANTA— A BRIGADE COMMANDER — AT DALTON — THE BLOODY BATTLE OF RESACA — AT PEACH TREE CREEK AND ATLANTA — A FULL BRIGADIER — AT NASHVILLE WITH THOMAS — RETURN TO POLITICAL LIFE — CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR — ELECTION TO U. S. SENATE — TARIFF MEASURES OF 1883 — VICTORY OVER VOORHEES — POSITION ON " CIVIL SERVICE" — THE ANTI-" CHI- NESE BILL" — Com AND CURRENCY QUESTION — LAND AND LABOR QUESTION — HIGH RANK AS SENATOR — HARD CAMPAIGN OF 1886— REVERSES THE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY IN THE STATE —AGAIN AT THE BAR— AT HOME— FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RE- LATIONS—POLITICAL SITUATION IN 1888 — THE CHICAGO CON- VENTION— ATTITUDE OF FACTIONS — ELAINE'S POSITION — HARRI- SON'S NOMINATION — SPLENDID PARTY INDORSEMENT — TRIUMPH- ANT ELECTION — CABINET AND POLICY — HARRISON'S ADMINIS- TRATION— SPLENDID FOREIGN POLICY — THE ITALIAN AFFAIR — THE CHILIAN IMBROGLIO — BEHRING SEA AND THE SEALS — WISDOM OF APPOINTMENTS — TRAVELS AND PUBLIC SPEECHES — MASTERLY MESSAGES — SHAPING LINES FOR 1892 — ELAINE'S LETTER TO CLARKSON — HARRISON'S POPULARITY IN THE COUN- TRY— His CLEAN, ABLE ADMINISTRATION — CONFIDENCE OF ALL BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL INTERESTS — THE MINNEAPOLIS CON- VENTION—ELAINE'S RESIGNATION FROM STATE DEPARTMENT — STRENGTH IN CONVENTION — THE BALLOTING — NOMINATION FOR SECOND TERM — OVERWHELMING APPROVAL OF NOMINA- TION— ACCEPTANCE — PLATFORM OF 1892 353

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LIFE OF HON. WHITELAW REID.

BIRTH AND EDUCATION— TEACHER— EDITOR OF XENIA " NEWS " — NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENT— WAR CORRESPONDENT— AUTHOR- MANAGING EDITOR NEW YORK "TRIBUNE" — EDITOR-IN-CHIEF — OFFERED GERMAN MISSION BY HAYES AND GARFIELD — MINIS- TER TO FRANCE — NOMINATION FOR VICE-PRESIDENCY . . 509

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X. Life And Services Of Ex-president Grover Clevelane

LINEAGE AND BIRTH— EARLY LIFE— A STUDENT AND TEACHER- BOUND FOR THE WEST — A CLERK AND LAW STUDENT — ADMIS- SION TO BAR — CAREER AS A LAWYER — ELECTED SHERIFF — REFORMS IN OFFICE — ELECTED MAYOR— A VIGOROUS ADMINIS- TRATION— NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR — GREAT POPULARITY — CHARACTER OF THE OPPOSITION— PHASES OF THE CAMPAIGN- OVERWHELMING VICTORY— IDOL OF THE MASSES— His GU- BERNATORIAL ADMINISTRATION— APPOINTMENTS AND VETOES- EXECUTIVE HABITS— NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1884— NOMINA- TION FOR PRESIDENT — POLITICAL SITUATION — CAMPAIGN OF 1884 — THE DOUBTFUL GROUND — TRIUMPHANT ELECTION — VIEW OF HIS SPLENDID ADMINISTRATION — His MESSAGES AND MEASURES — CABINET OFFICERS — THE MAN AND HIS METHODS — His MARRIAGE — CONVENTION OF 1888 — THE CELEBRATED MESSAGE OF 1887— RENOMINATION BY ACCLAMATION— CAMPAIGN OF 1888 — THE DRIFT OF SENTIMENT— DEFEAT AND ITS CAUSES— IN PRIVATE LIFE— AT HIS PROFESSION— TRAITS OF CHARACTER- INTEREST IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS— POPULARITY WITH THE MASSES —POINTERS FOR '92 — CONVENTION OF 1892 — CHARACTER OF OPPOSITION— A WINNER FROM THE START — THE LOGICAL CANDIDATE— DETAILS OF CHICAGO CONVENTION— PLACED IN NOMINATION— SPLENDID MARSHALLING OF HIS FORCES — FIRST AND ONLY BALLOT— RENOMINATION MADE UNANIMOUS— FULL TEXT OF PLATFORM— RECEPTION OF THE NEWS — SENTIMENT OF PRESS AND PEOPLE — A SPLENDID NOMINATION . . . 521