Man all immortal; or, The nature and destination of man as taught by reason and revelation

Preface

The germ of this volume was a series of lectures de¬ livered, some years ago, to the students of Amenia Sem¬ inary. The purpose of the author was to present, in a popular and yet in a sufficiently scientific manner, certain topics concerning the Nature and Destination of Man, not usually treated upon in ordinary sermonizing, but which are ever rife in the young intelligence. The interest they awakened, as delivered , we hope may he taken as giving some assurance that they will not he wholly without inter¬ est written. To the young gentlemen and ladies, who list¬ ened to them in the day of their student life with kindly approbation, and who are now with manly and womanly vigor bearing the burdens and discharging the duties of life, for which they then received nurture and training — • these thoughts will come as living souvenirs of the past.

The main design of these lectures was to guard the mind£ of especially the young, against the materialistic tendencies of the age, and to confirm them in the faith that has been with us from the beginning. They comprise topics of the highest moment, showing that “our great im¬ mortality” entered into all the plans of the Creator in re¬ lation to man. They show that spirit is as really and truly a substance as matter , and that our individuality is to remain unimpaired forever. In the line of these discus¬ sions, skepticism is met at some of the points where its i

PREFACE.

most insidious efforts are now being put forth to remove the very foundations of Christianity. Among these is the assumption that the soul or spirit is nothing more than a result of the bodily organism, by which it is begot¬ ten, and with which it dies. Also that still more subtile figment, which resolves both soul and body into "force.” So of the theories that would spread the pall of uncon¬ sciousness over the dead, that would annihilate personality, deny recognition, and dissolve the very heaven of glory into an airy, unsubstantial dream, by denying our essential humanity in the future state. Against these and kindred skeptical notions we have sought to furnish an antidote, recognizing, at all times, that there can be no true Philoso¬ phy of Human Nature, without the recognition of the Bible as the true interpreter of the suggestions of reason and the teachings of nature.

At the outset we found it impossible to turn aside to discuss the theories of modern speculatists, without becom¬ ing too prolix. The same reasons have kept us to the original plan in the volume. The form of address, and the style of composition, in some portions of the work, still bear the impress of the occasion and purpose for which those parts were written. We trust it will not prove any less valuable to the reader on that account. From a wide field of reading and study we have gathered our material, and then wrought it up so as to make it our own. To how many authors we are indebted, and in what proportions, it is impossible to say. We have endeavored to acknowledge, in the appropriate places, our indebtedness to each.

The preparation of this work has been a soul-nurture to the author. May it become such to the reader!

D. W. C.

Preface, page. .. 3

I. The Double Nature Of Man; Or, Soul And Body

The permanent question of humanity, 17. How little man knows of him¬ self, 18. The mysteries of soul, 18. The guiding star, 19. The Bible form¬ ula of man’s creation, 20.

I. Man Possesses a Physical Nature . 20

Matter and spirit, 20. Essence of matter unknown, 21. Various forms of matter, 21. Material elements of the human body, 22. No physical supe¬ riority over the brute, 22. The human body liablo to all the changes of matter, 23. This not all of our being, 23.

IT. Man Possesses a Living Soul . . . . 24

The crowning work of creation, 24. The soul imparted — Breath of lives, 24. Man became living soul, 25. The creation of man distinguished from that of animals, 2G. Endowment of a higher life in man, 27. Life and soul, 28. Ignorance of the essence of soul, 29. Mind, how manifested, 29.

III. Concluding Suggestions . 30

1. The possession of a physical nature not necessarily an evil, 30. 2. The union of soul and body, though mysterious, is by no means incredible, 31.

3. This union of soul and body essential to the objects of our humanity,

31. 4. In the creation of so august a being as man, there must be ends or objects commensurate with his character and endowments, 32.

II. Organism And Life

The relationships of soul and body essential to humanity, 33. Man has organism and life in common with the animal and vegetable creation, 33.

I. What is a Living Organic Body? . 34

1. An organic body is made up of various parts or members connected by concresence, or common growth, 34. 2. In organic bodies specific forms

are produced, with various parts, invariably the same in number and in function, 34. 3. The living body is the product of inward forces, 35. 4. Organized bodies exist in generations, 35. 5. In the living body the sepa¬ ration of parts can not take place without the death and decay of the part separated, 36. 6. Among all organic bodies there are certain common

functions not found in inorganic bodies, 37.

O

CONTENTS,

PAGE.

II. Organization is produced by Life, and not Life by Organ¬ ization . . . . 38

The life principle, 38. Concurrence between the animal and vegetable world,

38. Plastic power, 39. Omne animal ex ovo , 39. Duration of the living principle in the seed and the egg, 39.

III. Antagonisms between Animal and Vegetable Life . 40

Differences evolving grander harmony, 40. Equilibrium of the atmosphere,

41. The six antagonisms, 41. Dissimilarity in the principle of life sug¬ gested, 41. Vegetable life something more than a mere physical opera¬ tion, 42. No organization without the antecedent germ, 42.

IV. Higher Elements of Life in Man . 42

The vegetable, animal, and human series, 42. Man’s superiority not in phys¬ ical organization, 42. The human body adapted to be the vehicle of spirit,

43. Mysterious union of body and soul, 43.

V. The Modern Theory of Force as Constituting the Soul...... 43

The soul an independent substance, 43. Essence of matter and spirit as¬ sumed to be force, 44. Leibnitz and Descartes, 44. Self-developing force,

44. Morell’s theory, 45. Darwin’s primeval monads, 46. Huxley, 46. “Force” and the “old-fashioned theology,” 47. The process by which these materialists reach their conclusions, 48. The anti-dualism of the new philosophy, 48. How the universe, if an aggregate of mathematical points, may disappear, 49.

VI. Enumeration of Points Established . 49

1. We have been led to the true idea of organization, 49. 2. A just discrim¬ ination has been obtained between animal and vegetable life, 50. 3. A pre¬ sumption — amounting to almost absolute demonstration — is reached, from a consideration of their respective organisms, that the living soul in man ' differs widely from both vegetable and animal life, 51. 4. The subject suggests the possible relations man may sustain to the unknown and infinite, 51.

in.

THE HUMAN SOUL NOT A FUNCTION OF MATTER.

Men asserting themselves to be brutes, 52. What the materialist’s position is, 52. Only two possible theories in relation to the nature of soul, 53.

I. Materialists Assert that the Soul is a Function op Mat¬

ter — Their Statements Quoted . 53

D’Holback — Compte — M. Crouse — The English materialists, 53. Dr. Priest¬ ley, 54. The materialism of modern spiritualism, 54. Thomas Keed, 54. Disguises and assumptions of infidels, 55. Only two theories, 55. Stealthy progress of the materialistic theory, 56.

II. The Function Theory Fails to Solve any Mystery in the

Human Organization, nor does it Relieve any Philosoph¬ ical Difficulty . 56

Ground of difficulty changed, not removed, 56. The union of vegetable or animal life with a material body as inexplicable as that of soul and body, 56. Chemical composition of the brain, 57. Of the pineal gland, 57.

Do these elements produce the manifestation of intellect ? 58.

III. The Soul exerts a Controlling Influence over the Body,

AND THEREFORE MUST BE SOMETHING MORE THAN A MERE RESULT OF

Bodily Organization . 58

Relation of force to machinery, 58. Is the mind simply force produced by bodily machinery ? 59. Action of mind upon body, 59. Triumphs of soul over bodily suffering in martyrdom, 60. The force and teaching of such examples, 61.

IV. The Power of the Soul is often Disproportioned to that of

the Body, and therefore can not be the mere Result of Bodily Organization . 61

The refined physical process of materialists, 61. Triumphs of intellect in the midst of bodily infirmities, 61. Richard Watson, 62. Talleyrand — Dean Swift — The dying body and the intellect — Dr. Fisk — Bishop Butler’s argument, 63.

V. The Human Brain may be Diseased and the Mind remain

Unaffected ; therefore the Latter is not a Function of the Former . 63

Statements of anatomists, 63. Brain impaired but mind unaffected, 64. Lady mentioned by Dr. Abercrombie, 64. The right hemisphere of the brain diseased, 64. These examples demonstrate an independent existence and power, 64. An organ using itself, 64. A double organ versus two minds, 65.

VI. The Conscious Individuality of Spirit in Being and Action

Demonstrates that it is not a Function of Matter . 65

Consciousness aB a department of knowledge, 65. Distinct mental processes recognized by consciousness, 65. Mental changes independent of any physical causes, 65.

VII. The Failure of any Material or Chemical Combination to

produce Life, is Further Evidence that Mind is not a Func tion of Matter .

Science acknowledges that no life exists without the antecedent germ, 66. Physical elements of the body ascertained, 66. The compounding of them fails to produce life, 66. The Promethean fire, 67.

VIII. The State of the Mind in Dying affords also a Proof of

the Soul’s Superior and Independent Being . 67

The soul’s conscious expectation of continued life, 67. Rev. Alanson Reed,

67. Mr. Pope, 68. Boerhaave, 68. Haller, 68. Halyburton, 68. The soul-triumph, 68.

IX. Concluding Suggestions . 69

1. The soul and the body are mutually adapted to each other, 69. 2. Man is

' a special device of the Creator, 69. 3. The doctrine of soul and body does not imply that man is a dualism, 70. 4. The subject also suggests the dignity of the spirit and the culture demanded for it, 70.

IV. The Human Soul And The Animal Senses

PAGE.

Correspondence between purely spiritual beings and material things, 71.

The senses a means of communication between embodied spirits and the outer world, 71. Material things have a real existence, 72. What sensa¬ tions are, 72. Connection between the sensuous system and the soul, 72.

The position advocated : The bodily senses, whether in the man or in the

ANIMAL, ARE MERELY ORGANIC INSTRUMENTS, AND, THEREFORE, ARE NOT TO BE CONFOUNDED WITH EITHER ANIMAL LIFE OR THE INTELLIGENT SOUL . 73

I. The Soul has a Power over the Organs op Sense to Direct

THEM, AND HAS POWER ALSO TO MAKE A CHOICE AMONG THEM, THERE¬ FORE THEY ARE MERE INSTRUMENTS . 73

Twofold function of the living organism, 73. The mind the impelling force,

73. Control of the muscles and limbs, 74. Selection of senses, 74. Inter¬ preting sensations, 74.

II. That the Organs of Sense are mere Instruments is Proved

from the Fact that Attention to the Impression made upon the Organ is necessary to Sensation . 74

In sensation there is a change in the state of the soul as well as in the organ,

74. Mechanical perfection of tho organs of sense, 75. The mind absorbed is dead to impressions made upon the senses, 75. Examples, 76.

III. The Mind not only Interprets the Impressions made upon the Organs of Sense, but has the Power of Comparing Sensa¬ tions, and thus Perfecting its Knowledge of External Things. 76

The physical process in sensation, 76. Where the mind takes up the process, • 76. Four essentials in sensation, 76. The process interrupted, 76. Atten¬ tion at last, 77. Familiar example, 77. The mind comparing sensations,

77 ; e. g., a vase of flowers, 78; e. g., a basket of fruit, 78. Comparison be¬ tween sensations, 78. The mind’s arbitration, 78. The mind’s function determined, 79.

IV. That the Senses are mere Instruments of the Soul is further

Proved from the Fact that the Loss of One of the Organs of Sense, though it may Embarrass Operations of the Intellect, does not Impair either its Vitality or Power . 79

The missing saw of the carpenter, 79. The broken string of the violin, 79. loss of the seDse of hearing, 79. Effects, SO. Acuteness of the senses re¬ tained, 80. Touch, 80. Dr. Saunderson, 80. Books for the blind, 80. James Metcalf, 80. The problem of this acuteness solved, 81.

V. Concluding Remarks . 81

1. The foregoing argument applies to animal life and sensation, as well as human, 81. 2. The views here developed suggest an explanation of the

phenomena of disordered sensations, 82. 3. The influence of the mind

upon the body is easily accounted for in this connection, 85. 4. This sub¬ ject also suggests that as the bodily senses are the mere instruments to be

Contents

PAGE.

used by the mind for the time being, death may work but little change in the soul itself, 86. 5. The facts developed in this discussion also afford intimations of the power which shall be possessed by the soul hereafter, 87.

V. The Human Soul Distinguished From Animal Instinct

The intelligent soul man’s distinguishing characteristic, 88. Its supremacy over the animal mind, 88.

I. The Lines of Demarkation Stated . 89

Extract from Sharon Turner, 89. What mind has achieved, 89. How far instinct corresponds, 89. Its limitation, 90. The transcendent greatness of the soul, 90.

IT. Instinct Precedes both Experience and Reasoning . 90

Illustrated in the appetite for food and its gratification, 90. Examples an¬ tedating experience, 91. The newly-hatched turtle making for the water,

91. Selection of plants by graminivorous animals, 92. Darwin’s theory of instinct untenable, 92. The value of instinct, 93.

III. Instinct is not Incipient Reason . 93

The question raised, 93. Yiews of the ancients, 93. Adherence to natural

tendency, 93. Skill and contrivances of birds, 94. Instinct of fishes, 94.

Of quadrupeds, 95. Of insects, 95. Acts without forethought, 96. No progress in all the ages, 96. Moves in one line only, 97. Not more dif¬ ficult to impart spirit than instinct, 97. Individual animals taught definite things, 97. No general improvability, 98. The process of im¬ provement not handed down, 99. Differences in the quality of instinct,

99. Nature unchanged, 100.

IV. Instinct is without Forethought . 100

Mr. Paley’s definition defective, 100. The insect working without inten¬ tion, 100. The uses of her manufacture unknown to her, 101. The beneficent results from a higher source, 101-.

V. Instinct is Controlled and Guided by Divine Intelligence... 101 The presence of intelligence not questioned, 101. The problem of the bee’s

cell, 102. God in animal instinct, 102. Mind rising above instinct, 102.

VI. Concluding Suggestions . 102

1. If mere instinct had been given, there would have been a wonderful waste of skill and adaptations in the material world, 102. 2. We have here a distinct intimation of man’s dominant relation to the animal creation,

■>0.3. 3. The endowment of spirit involves the idea of higher duties and responsibilities, as well as of higher powers, 104. 4. The endowment of spirit is accompanied with intimations of man’s superior destiny, 104.

VI. I

MIND IS INDESTRUCTIBLE AND IMMORTAL.

Sublimity of the idea, 105. What is meant by being naturally immortal,

105. Heritage of all the race, 106.

CONTENTS.

PACE

I. First Argument for the Indestructibility op Mind is Drawn

from the Acknowledged Indestructibility of Matter . 106

Matter incessantly changing, 106. It is only transformation, 106. No atom ever ceases to be, 107. Annihilation no part of the plan of the Creator,

107. Presumption for the indestructibility of mind, 107. Hightened by the consideration of its immateriality, 107.

II. Second Argument: The Concurrent Belief of all Ages and

all Peoples in a Future State . 108

Remarkable uniformity in this belief, 108. How account for it, 108. Belief of the ancient Egyptians — Persians — Greeks— and Roman Mythology, 109. Socrates — The Phacdon, 110. Seneca, 111. Cicero — The Emperor Adrian’s address to his soul — Various nations, 112. North American Indians — Proved to be the sentiment of humanity, 113. Failure of the effort of modern annihilationists to discredit the fact — Lesson taught by it, 113.

III. Third Argument : A Future Life only can Satisfy the Con¬ ditions and Capacities of our Mental Being . 114

The human race presenting a succession of evanescent beings, 114. Is this all? 114. Full development unattained, 115. Changing into a higher life, 115. The future life, 110. Thoughts of Mr. Addison, 117. If no future life, then the endowment of “spirit” is useless, 118. Advantages of instinct to the brute, 119. Protest against so cheerless a conclusion,

119. The instinct of immortality, 119.

IY. The Human Conscience is a Prophecy of Immortality . 120

Conscience and its function, 120. Its universality, 120. Efforts of the heathen to appease it, 120. Impaired, 121. In the commission of sin — Skeptic, tell — No escape from it, 121.

V. An Argument Drawn from the Confessions of Infidelity . 122

What they indicate, 122. Confession of Thomas Paine — An unconfessed

feeling among infidels — The bouI waking up at death — Altamont, 123.

Not drop from this into nothingness.

VI. The Deductions of Reason Verified by the Teachings of

Revelation . 123

Case stated, 123. Faith of the sainted dead as seen in Bible history, 124.

Job — David — Paul — The rich man and Lazarus, 125. Identity — Prayer of our Lord for his saints — The penitent thief upon the cross, 126. The survivance of the soul declared — Apocalyptic vision of the souls of the martyrs — Human reason versus revelation.

VII. Objections and Concluding Remarks . 127

1. The objection to the immortality of the mind that it apparently comes

into life with the body, waxes to maturity with it, grows old with it, and dies with it, considered and removed, 127. 2. The objection that the primitive words — perish, destruction, death — in the Bible, indicate anni¬ hilation of the living principle; and, therefore, contradict the doctrine that the soul is essentially immortal, tested and refuted, 128. 3. If the soul is to endure forever, its condition in all the ages of the future should deeply concern us now, 130.

CONTENTS.

VII. Death And Results

PAGE.

Death pregnant with mysteries, 132. Possible continued earthly existence,

132. Easy transition to the higher state, 133. For what humanity was designed, 133. What probation implies, 133.

I. The Sentence op Death . 134

The words of the sentence, 134. Their import, 134. Death’s earthly domin¬ ion universal, 135.

II. Essential Nature of Death . 135

Gloomy symbols, 135. Precursors — Parts of the body destroyed, but not death, 135. The dweller gone forth, the dwelling destroyed, 136. Going forth of the life of the plant, 136. The living element in the brute, 136.

The disappearance of the highest life of all, 137. Death, 137.

III. Process and Symptoms of Dying . 137

Parts of the body die in succession, 137. The blood, 138. Organic functions after death, 138. Hippocrates’s description of the dying man, 138. De¬ scription from the London Quarterly, 139.

TV. The Terribleness of Death . . . 139

Instinctive dread of death, 139. Separation of the soul from the body, 140. Sundering the ties of human life, 141. Death of the wicked, 141.

V. Moral Ends or Uses of these Terrors . 142

Is it an unnecessary severity ? 142. Guardians of life, 142. Safeguard of

society, 143.

VI. Philosophy Unable to Remove these Terrors . 144

Brutal insensibility or trifling levity, 144. The arguments of philosophy

stated, 144. Their force weighed, 146.

VII. Higher Agencies in Death . 146

The Christian’s triumph over death does not spring from a disrelish of life’s blessings, 146. 1. In him the causes of death’s terribleness are taken away, 147. 2. He has an assurance that no harm can come to him in passing through the dark valley, 148. 3. Death the gateway to endless joy, 150. 4. Dying grace given in a dying hour, 152. Ministering spirits, 153. Clearer insight, 154. Dr. Payson, 154. Value of religion, 155.

VIII. Last Moments and Dying Words of Distinguished Men . 156

Interest in the dying words of men, 156. Their lessons, 156. Testing

hours, 157. George Buchanan, 157. Sir Walter Raleigh, 158. Nelson,

158. Sir Thomas More, 158. Frederick V, 158. Roscommon, 158. Tasso,

158. Schiller, 158. Maccaii, 158. Keats, 158. Addison, 158. Last words of various persons, 159. Mozart, 160. Last hours of Cardinal WolBey,

162. A striking class of psychological phenomena, 163.

IX. Lessons Afforded by the Subject . . . 164

1. Death is not the destruction oi the living principle in man, 164. 2. Life

is long enough for its purposes, 164. 3. We carry dowD to death the character we have formed in life, 164. 4. Death will come to us all, 165.

CONTENTS.

VIII. The Intermediate State Of The Dead

PAGE.

The ground already surveyed, 166. Interest we have in this question, 166. Efforts to penetrate the mystery of death, 167. This uncertainty an ele¬ ment of terror, 167. The dying saint, 167.

I. There is an Intermediate State of Some Kind . 168

An interval between death and final judgment, 168. “Last day,” 169.

Two prevalent errors, 170. Destiny decided, hut fuller development of it, 171. Final judgment declaratory, 172. Occurs at the end of the world, 173.

II. Errors Ancient and Modern Concerning the Intermediate

State . 173

Job’s description, 173. 1. The under-world theory, 174. 2. Spirits linger¬ ing about the place of burial, 175. 3. The soul entering some other body,

177. 4. Intermediate abode, 178. 5. Purgatory of the Papal Church, 179. Materialistic theory that the soul dies with the body, 180.

III. The Intermediate State of the Dead one of Conscious

Existence . 181

The dead do not return to give intelligence, 181. Philosophy fails, 182. Revelation makes it known as a conscious state, 182. Scripture proofs,

183. Conclusion certain, 187.

IY. In the Intermediate State the Righteous Dead are with

Christ . 187

A state versus a place, 187. Gehenna, Sheol, Hades, 1S8. Intermediate probation unscriptural, 189. Full consummation of bliss not before the resurrection, 190. The righteous dead with Christ, 190.

V. Essential Moral Character of the Soul in the Intermediate

State will be the Same as in the Body . 192

Character and destiny, 192. Death is the act of passing, 192. Improved condition, 193. The progression of the next life a development of the character formed, 193. The characters we shall ^arry with us, 194.

VI. The Soul in the Intermediate State Retains its Appropriate

Human Form . 195

Shape in the disembodied state, 195. Curious physiological fact, 195. The spiritual body, 196. Notions of heathen poets and philosophers, 196. Ulysses and the shade of his mother, 196. Bible recognition of the dead clothed in human form, 197. The soul longing for reunion, 197. Cicero exulting in the prospect of it, 197. The Indian mother, 198. The demand of this sentiment, 199. Sublime anticipations, 200.

VII. The Transition in Death . .- 200

A poetic description, 200. Death a change of evolution, 201. Mr. Tennant,

202. Experience of the dying saint, 202. The natural and the super¬ natural meet— The soul’s transit, 203. Emerging into another life, 2'S. Extract from Mr. Harbaugh, 204.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

VIII. Intercourse between the Dead and the Living . 205

Interest in the question, 205. Ministering spirits, 206. Samuel appearing to Saul, 206. Moses and Elias, 206. Opinion of Dr. Adam Clarke, 20G. Inseparable fellowship recognized by the early Christians, 208. Dr. Nevin on the “ communion of the saints,” 208. Wesley’B opinion of Swedenborg, 209. Recognitions of the dying, 209.

IX. The Resurrection Of The Human Body

Reign of death, 213. Date of the dead, 213. Moment of the question, 214.

I. Suggested by the Analogies of Nature . 215

1. Day and night symbols of life and death, 215. 2. The resurrections of Spring striking emblems of the resurrection, 217. 3. The symbolization of the resurrection of vegetable life is recognized by St. Paul, 219.

4. Animal and insect transformations symbolize the resurrection, 220.

II. Taught in the Old Testament Scriptures . 221

Three po'mts made against those who deny that the resurrection is recog¬ nized in the Old Testament, 221. 1. The resurrection of the body is

directly asserted, either in. relation to individuals, or in a general man¬ ner, 222. 2. Inspired men expressed the utmost confidence in the resur¬ rection, 224. 3. The resurrection received by the Jews, 226.

III. More Clearly Asserted in the New Testament . 229

1. It had on various occasions the tacit assent of Christ, 229. 2. The resur¬ rection of the dead is distinctly taught and affirmed by our Lord, 230. 3. It was affirmed in various ways by the apostles, 231.

IV. Demonstrated by Miraculous Resurrections . 234

A reasonable expectation, 234. 1. The son of tho widow of Zarepbath, 234.

2. Son of the Shunamite, 236. 3. The man raised to life by touching the bones of Elisha, 238. 4. Daughter of Jairus the ruler, 239. 5. Son of the widow of Nain, 242. 6. The resurrection of Lazarus, 243. 7. The dead bodies of the saints resurrected at tho crucifixion, 246. The pro¬ gressive character of these miracles, 247. Culmination of them, 248.

X

THE RESURRECTION OF CHRIST THE PLEDGE OF OURS. Importance attached to it in the Church, 249. A dark hour, 249.

I. Circumstantial or Corroborating Evidence . 250

Position stated, 250. 1. There was such a man as Jesus Christ, 251. 2. The prophets not only foretold his appearance and character, but also his death and resurrection, 254. 3. He predicted his own death and resurrec¬ tion, 256. 4. He was crucified, dead, and buried, 257. 5. The utmost precaution was used to guard the body, 258. 6. On the morning of the third day the body had disappeared, 258. 7. The account given by the Jews of the disappearance is incredible, 259. 8. The resurrection was established as a matter of faith in the age in which it occurred, 261.

CONTENTS.

PAOB.

II. Evidence Direct of the Resurrection of Christ . 264

Points established, 264. The identification of one raised from the dead, 204.

1. First appearance of Christ, 207. 2. Second appearance, 268. 8. Third appearance, 268. 4. Fourth appearance, 269. 5. Fifth appearance, 270.

6. Sixth appearance, 271. 7. Seventh appearance, 271. 8. Eighth ap¬ pearance, 272. 9. Ninth appearance, 273. 10. Tenth appearance, 273.

III. Collateral Points and Remarks . 275

1. The witnesses gave evidence of their entire belief in the resurrection

of Christ, 275. 2. They could not have been deceived with reference to it, 276. 3. The members of the Sanhedrim evidently convinced, 277. 4.

The miracles performed by the apostles in the name of a risen Savior accounted for only by admitting the fact of his resurrection, 279. 5. The relation between the resurrection of Christ and ours, 281.

XI. Popular Objections To The Resurrection

The resurrection and the Bible, 285. Persistency of opposition, 285.

I. Objection: The Doctrine Unphilosophical and Absurd . 287

Yague generality, 287. When a proposition is unphilosophical — When absurd,

287. Measuring God’s miraculous power, 288.

II. Objection: The Body Undergoing Perpetual Change . 288

Limits and indefiniteness of the change, 289. Entire fcliange simply hypo¬ thetical, 289. Bodily identity preserved, 290.

III. Objection: Elements Wasted and Transformed . 291

Decomposition and dispersion, 291. Our first organization mysterious, 292 ;

e. g:, Impossibilities of science, 293. Note: The silver cup, 293.

IY. Objection: Same Elements two Bodies . 294

The skeptic facetious, 294. Physical impossibility, 295. Force of the ob¬ jection, 295. Vegetables raised upon soil enriched by the decomposition of human body, 296. Cannibalism, 297. Parts essential, 297.

V. Objection: Raising Up of the Same Body that Died . 298

Cavils stated, 298. Reply, 299. The resurrection body described by St.

Paul, 299. The resurrection body of Christ, 299. Different ages, 300.

YI. Objection: The Body Unworthy of Resurrection . 302

Ends to be accomplished by the resurrection of the body, 302. Our com¬ plex nature in heaven, 303. Christ took it upon himself, 303. The resurrection body indispensable to the soul’s destiny, 303.

VII. Objection: A Material Body an Incumbrance in Heaven.... 303 Evils charged upon the body, 304. Not just such a body in the resurrection.

304. Transformations of matter, 305. The material body an element of “power” and of “ glory,” 306. Triumph of the Gospel consummated, 308.

XII. Recognition Of Friends In Heaven

Death a final separation, if there is no recognition, 309.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

I. Reason Affords Ground for Expecting this Recognition . 310

1. The yearning of tho soul, 310. 2. The communion of saints in heaven impossible without recognition, 311. 3. Much of our knowledge either lost or useless without it, 313. 4. Essential to the unraveling of the mys¬ teries of this life, 314. 6. Heart friendships no proper consummation, 314.

1 L Teachings of Revelation in Regard to a Future Recognition. 316 1. The mental basis of recognition retained, 316. 2. Passages imply it, 318.

3. The resurrection implies individuality, 321. 4. Each individual in the judgment, 323. 5. The revelations concerning the heavenly state, 326.

III. Spiritual Recognition a Universal Faith . . 328