The life and labors of David Livingstone, LL. D., D.C.L., covering his entire career in Southern and Central Africa. Carefully prepared from the most authentic sources...The whole rendered clear and plain by a most accurate map of the whole region explored and the routes clearly indicated

Front matter

WELLESLEY COLLEGE LIBRARY

Ella Smith Elbert «88

in memoriam

Preface

My task has been to write a book setting forth as clearly as possible the life-work of Dr. Livingstone, in its connection with the history of the African continent, and its bearing on those great issues involved in the redemption of that continent from gloom and barbarism. I have followed, as closely as the subject demanded, the books and journals of Dr. Livingstone himself, for his personal observations and adventures, and have availed myself freely of whatever I have found, in a wide range of works, in illustration of the character and customs of the people, the appearance and condition of the country, the habits of animals, and have freely seized such facts of science and of general history as have seemed to have a bearing on my subject. Where I have drawn on the works of others, I have done so more for facts than for the form of putting them, and I have not been particularly careful in making quotations, that they should be literal, nor has it seemed important in a work designed for popular patronage to make frequent mention of authorities. I have had at my command the most reliable sources of information concerning the things of which I have written, and while I am conscious that there are imperfections in the book, I have tried to make it a faithful record, a clear delineation of character, and a reliable witness in connection with the great interests in-

6 PREFACE.

volved in the question of African civilization, 88 far as these

matters could be considered under the circnmstaiK

If the reader gets a true and full conception of the work of

Dr. Livingstone, (Pitches anything of his manliness, love for

men, and zeal for Christ, and becomQB more deeply interested in

the great enterprises on which the deliverance of the millions

of that unhappy continent from the dominion of Ignorance and

superstition and vice depends, if he becomes only a little wiser,

and stronger, and better, and nobler, through reading the book,

I will be satisfied.

J. E. Q

Introduction

Early Civilization in Northern Africa — The Limit of the Ancient Civilization— Theatre of Mythology — Saracen Conquest — Settlement of Soudan — Mohammedan Failure — The Fifteenth Century — Gilianez Passed Cape Bojador— Portuguese Efforts on the West Coast — Roman Catholicism — The Failure — England and France — Richard Jobson — Mungo Park — Denham and Clapperton — Richard Lander Dispels the Niger Mystery — Kingdoms on the West — Dahomey, Ashantee, etc. — The Cape Settlement — Vaseo de Gama — The Settlement of Natal by the English — Lieutenant Christopher — Abyssinia and the Nile — Bruce and Dr. Beke — The Nile Mystery as it Stands — The Unknown — Livingstone 23

Chapter I. Blantyre To The Bakwains

Noble Names — David Livingstone — Blantyre— Home Traditions — The Factory— Common School — Latin — Love of Books— Be Honest— His Father — Mother — Scottish Poor — Both well — Conversion — Missionary Spirit — China — Medicine — Astrology — Greek— Theology — Africa — Thorough Preparation— 1810 — Leaves England — Goes to South Africa — Condition of Country — Cape Colony — Cape Town — Algoa Bay — Port Elizabeth — Kuruman or Lattakoo — Dr. Moffat — Northward — Studying Language, etc. — Selects Matabosa — Settles — Kindness to the Natives — A Lion Encounter — Joins the Bakwains 45

The Bechuanas — The Bakwains — Sechele — His Conversion— His Difficulties — The Government — Baptism of Sechele — Cross and Crown — Difficulties of the Work — Belief in Rain-Making — Drought— Noble Conduct — The Hopo — Kindness to Livingstone — Livingstone's Spirit — The Boers — Slavery — Antagonistic Principles — Boers Hate Livingstone — Sechele's Resistance — Livingstone Accused — His Effects Destroyed — Going Northward — Desire to find the Lake — Desire to see Sebituane— Sekomi — The Desert — Bushmen— Bakalahari — Water Sucking — Across the Desert — Difficulties — Salt Pans — The Zouga — Quakers of Africa — Lake Ngami Discovered — The Lake — Sebituane — Guides Refused — Sketch of the Zouga — Elephants —

Trees — Fish — Bayieye — Kolobeng Again — Home-life in Kolobeng 58

Chapter III. Deserts And Forests

Livingstone's Second Journey to the Lake— Puss t ho Zouga— Forests— Tsetse — Recross the Zouga — Lake Ngarai Again— Hopes of seeing Sebituane — Guides Secured — Sickness of Children — Return to Koloben^- < >pposition of Chiefs— Sebituane's Messengers— Third Start— The Old P;ith— Desert- Guide Wonders — Five Terrible hays Water Found— Banajoa — Guide to the Chobe — Makololo — Meets Sebituane — Death of Sebituane — Discovery of the Zambesi — Returns to Cape Sends bis Family to England — A New- Tour Undertaken— Tarty General idea Former Oocupantsof the Cape — Boers of the Cape — (iriquas' Territory Effects of Mission Work — Kuru-

man — Dr. Moffat — Bible Translation Language War of Boers — Difficulties— Servants Secured— Starts North — Lion— Buffalo — Sechele's 'lour — Serpents — The Ostrich— Ifotlasta Belief in God — Salt Pans — Koobe — Famished Beasts — Livingstone's Kindness -Tremendous Trees- Singular Vitality — Civilized nt. Native Hunters— Fnku and Sunday— Difficult Advance— The Way to Cut with the Axe — Wild Animals —The Sanshureh — Liuyanti — May 23, 1853 — Circnimciiwion Appearand! of Country 78

CHAPTER IV. NINE WEEKS with si:ki:i.i;tu

Arrival at Linyanti — Makololo — Their Poliey — Welcome to Livingstone — Sekeletu — African Hospitality — Ma-moeliUane's Difficulty — Livingstone refuses to Trade — His Labors — Makololo Ideas of Beauty — Manliness — Justice — Livingstone's Journey to the Barotse — The Soil along the Chobe — The Party — Receptions — Sekeletu loves Co flee — Huts and Hats— The Leeambye — Animals about Katonga — The Splendid River — The Makalaka — The Contrast — Cattle and War — Rapids— Cataracts — Falls — No Monuments in Africa — The Barotse Valley — Fertility — Mounds — Punishment — War Averted — The First White Man — To the Leeba — No Place for a Mission— The Wildest of all — Linyanti again. — For Loando — Serious Thoughts — Resolution — Outfit for Journey — November 11th, 1£53 — Escape from an Elephant — The Hippopotamus— Arrival at Sesheke 102

Chapter V. To Balonda

Sesheke — Sekeletu's Policy — Missionary Work — Wanting in Religious Ideas — Duties of Missionary — The Leeambye — Hippopotami — Mr. Cumming'g Adventure — Livingstone's Idea of Lions — Andersson — Lion Confused — Fevers Protracted — Unwelcome News — Livingstone's Wise Plan — Libonta — Death by a Lion — The Camp — Cook and Laundry Work — Humanity of Livingstone — Beyond Libonta — Courage — First Act in Balonda — The Leeba — Want of Game — Buffalo Hunt — Buffalo and three Lions — Mambari Merchants — Manenko — Town of Shinte— Fashions of Ankle Rings— A Black Scold — Manenko's Dress — Fever, Rain, Hunger — Dark Forests — Delays — Invitation at last — Medicine Charms — A Soldier — Balonda Fashions— Full Undress of Balonda Lady — Balonda Gentlemen — Head-dress — Salutations — Manenko's Kindness 119

Chapter VI. Through Londa

Reception at Shinte's Town — The Introduction — Private Interviews — Etiquette of the Balonda — Love for Mothers — Slavery — Theft — Magic Lantern — Rains — Iron-works — Flooded Plains — A Charming Home — Death and Desolate Villages — Balonda Ideas of a Future State — What to Preach to Heathen — Troublesome Guide — Burial of the Dead — Mandans — Sioux — Patagonians — Bechuanas — Balonda — Sunday with Quendende — Beautiful Country — The Lotembwa — Katema — Reception — Provisions Presented — Wisdom of Katema — Cattle — Birds in Cages — Birds and Beasts — Birds and Spiders — Human Spiders — Fevers Again — Not much Impression — Heroism of Livingstone — Lake Dilolo — Rivers Run Northward — Mambari Traders— Influence on Border Tribes — Demands of Pay for Passing Through Country — Expected to Fight — An Ox Given — A Man Demanded — Sickness of Livingstone — Mutiny in his Camp — Its Cure — Men Repent-VThe Quango at Last — Bashange's Tax — Cypriano di Abrue's Kindness — Portuguese Possessions — Sweet Sleep — Angels 146

Chapter VII. Angola

Anxiety — A Single Englishman — Sickness — Mr. Gabriel's Kindness — Settlement of Loanda — Portuguese Failure — Two Things Unfortunate — Makololo at Work — The Ship " a Town " — Livingstone's Relapse — Long Illness — What Might have Been — Slave Trade — Slavery in Africa — Grounds of Livingstone's Opposition — Negligent Cultivation of the Soil — Two Shillings a Mouth — Fetich Worship— Portuguese Policy — Ivory Trade — Unpaid Labor — Mania for Litigation — " Big Funerals " — The Poison Ordeal — Wild Animals — The Self-denial — Looking Eastward — Departure from Loanda — Makololo Boastings— The "True Ancients" — A Remarkable Insect — Ambaca — Church or Jail — Catholic Mistake — Pungo Andongo — On the Road— Difficulties of Ox-Riding— Traders— Beeswax and Elephant Tusks — Liliputian Monster — Descending from "Tola Mungongo " — Cassauge— Drunkenness— The Quango Again 170

Chapter VIII. Londa Or Linda

Lessons of Experience— Sansawe's Demands— His Refusal— A Blow on the Beard— Revenge— Changing the Tune— Dandies and Belles— Lizards and Snakes— Seven Thousand Fowls for Ten Dollars— Many Village Mania — The Seasons — Sister of Matiamoo— An Ox or a Man — Strategy — Trial for Murder— Street Fight— Dish of White Ants— Lovely Bed of Flowers— God in Nature— A Noble Chief— Shinte's Again— The Leeba— Life Once More —Buffalo Hunt — Libonta Welcome — Thanksgiving Service — A Matrimonial Drawback— Capsized in the Leeambye — Sekeletu in Full Dress— The True Ancients in White— Promising Opening— Preparation for the Journey—Going Eastward— Parting Words of Mamire— The Tribute of Faithfulness 195

Chapter IX. The New Expedition"

Sekeletu's Kindness — Explanation of it — Providence in his "Work — Novem* ber 3, 1855 — Terrible Storm — Two Hundred Men in Line — The Niagara of Africa — Victoria Falls — Rainbow and Superstition — The Batoka — A Network of Rivers — The Explanation — Traditions — The First White Man — Batoka Chiefs — Batoka Rebels — The Eastern Ridge — Longing for Quiet — Batoka Generosity — A Reception — Livingstone's Courage — Power of the Gospel — Awe of White Men — An incident— Missionary Influence — Animals— Buffalo Bird — Rhinoceros Bird — Soldier Ants — White Ants — An Elephant Hunt — Elephant's Character — Indian and African Compared — Down the Losito 214

Chapter X. Border Tribes

The Kafue — Longing for Peace — Negro Worship— Foreign Goods — Barbisa Traders — Five Ranges — Geological Features— Health of Livingstone — The Zambesi again — Elephant-Hunting— Suffering from Heat — The Native Peculiarities — Absence of Deformed Persons— Continued Friendliness — Adventure with an Elephant — Native Suspicions— Doubtful Conduct — Peace and Kindness — Portuguese Enterprise— Situation ofZumbo — Abundance of Game — Wonderful Liberality — Dancing lor Corn — Livingstone's Example — Providence in the Council — Mpende's Favor — Slave Trade Abhorred— Across the Zambesi — Sand River — Game Laws — Elevated Huts — Hyena Scourge — Overflow of the Zambesi — Appreciation of Gifts 238

* CHAPTER XI.

CIIICOVA TO TETE.

District of Chicova — Agriculture — Game Laws — Banyai Prayers — Makololo Faith — Insect Life — Birds — Their Songs — Squirrel — Geological Features — Grapes — Plums — Animal Life — Superstition about Lions — The Korwe — A Model Husband — Helpful Facts — Government of the Banyai — Selecting Chiefs — Monina's Opposition — Fight Threatened — Sudden Derangement —Conscience at Work— "A Guilt"— An Ordeal— Woman's Rights— The Son-in-Law — Dignity of Woman — Good Husbands, Bad Hunters — The Rhinoceros — Andersson's Adventure — Terrible Encounter — Rhinoceros Among Beasts — Villages Avoided — Nearing Tete — Livingstone Emaciated — Eight Miles Only — A Retrospect — A Prospect — Noble Picture — Arrival of Messengers — Civilized Breakfast— Reception at Tete — The Source of the Zambesi Unknown — The Value of the Discovery 258

Chapter XII. The Portuguese Possessions

The Village of Tete— Inhabitants— Gold Washings— Slave Trade, Evil Effects of — Decadence of Portuguese Power — Superstitions of Tete — English Calico — Articles of Export — Gold — Coal — Value of Gold Dust — Appearance of Country — Method of Cultivating the Soil — Agriculture Neglected — Hot Springs — People Favorable to Englishmen — Cause of Portuguese Failure —

Leaves Tete— Nyaude's Stockade — The Gorge of Lupata — Senna — The Landeens or Zulus — Misery of Senna — Surrounding Country — The Shire — Kilimane — Livingstone's Object — His Theory of Mission Work — His Hopes for Africa — Arrival of the " Frolic " — Disposition of Ivory — Parts with his Followers — Sekwebu — In the Boats — On Board the Ship — Insanity and Death of Sekwebu — Arrival at Mauritius — Dear Old England — Forbidden Scenes — Public Honors — The Single Desire 277

Chapter XIII. At Home

Meeting on January 5th — Egyptian Hall — Splendid Assembly — Speech of Lord Mayor — Speech of Bishop of London — Speech of Sir Roderick Murchison — Livingstone's Response — Resolutions — Subscription — Travels in England — Public Enthusiasm — Public Meeting in Manchester — Resolutions— Public Meeting at Leeds — Addresses and Resolutions — Generous Rivalry of Cities and Institutions — Presentation of the Freedom of London to Livingstone — Distinguished Personages — Complimentary Addresses — Tremendous Applause — A Beautiful Casket — Imposing Ceremony — Book- Writing — Difficulties — Surprised by the Appearance of a Bogus Book — Explanation — Announcement of Dr. Livingstone's Book — Twentieth Thousand in Six Weeks — Press Comments — Extract from the London Leader of that Date — Effects of the Book — Interest in Commercial Prospects of Africa — Interest in Missions — Action of Missionary Societies — Invitations to Oxford and Cambridge — Grand Assembly at Cambridge — The Reception of Livingstone, According to Professor Sedgwick — Reception of War Veterans — Of Chancellors — Of the Queen — None More Hearty than that of Livingstone 292

Chapter XIV. Lecture Before Cambridge University

[Delivered before the University of Cambridge, in the Senate-House, on Friday, December 4, 1857. Dr. Philpott, Master of St. Catharine's College, Vice-Chancellor, in the chair. The building was crowded to excess with all ranks of the University and their friends. The reception was so enthusiastic that literally there were volley after volley of cheers] 30?

Chapter XV. Again In Africa

Results of Efforts at Universities — Universities' Mission — Livingstone Appointed British Consul — Interview with the Queen — Reasons for Accepting the Governmental Appointment — Love for his Mother — Care of her — Government Appropriation — The Farewell Banquet — Distinguished Assembly— Speeches — Sir Roderick Murchison — Livingstone's Address — Arrangements Completed — Members of the Expedition — The Steam Launch — The "Pearl" — The Departure from England — Livingstone's Responsibility — What the Government Expected— Letters by the Way — Arrival at the Mouth of the Zambesi...., 315

Chapter XVI. Arrival At Tete

Portuguese and the Zambesi— Posterity's Applause— The Explanation of the Outlet — The Knngone — The Bar — The Country— Timidity of Natives — The Fertility of Soil— The Natives' Curiosity— Their Cupidity— The Channel—The Departure of the " Pearl"— The First Work— Mazaro— Fxeitement — Livingstone's Courage— Mariano's Cruelty — The Zulus— Their fax — Their Character, Hospitality, etc.— Zuiu Lawyer— Shupanga— T lie G rave Under the Baobab — Reception at Senna— Senhor Ferraro — Arrival at Tete —" We will Sleep To-night." 3J2

Chapter XVII. The Kebbabasa Rapids

The Journey to the Kebrabasa— Kebrabasa Range— General Appearance — Breadth — Pressure of Water — Portuguese Ignorance — Baayai Impositions — "Dreadful Rough" Night— -Camp Scenes A Camp Story — 1 he Morning— Climbing Still — Sleep of Exhaustion— Makololo Distrust — Mount Morumbwa — A Perpetual Barrier — Return to TetB Soenes in Tete — Superstition — The Teaching of Nature — Holiness— Christmas in Africa — The Climax of Absurdities — The Rainy Season -The Portuguese Recourse — A Serious Matter — The Help for i ever— The Shire 341

Chapter XVIII. The Shire

Mouth of the Shire — Difficulties Vanish— " Englishman "—Shire Valley — African Swamp — Livingstone's Art — Mount Morambala — Mountain Village— Chikanda — Two Pythons — Pursued by a Buffalo — The Steamer — A Sinking Ship — No Note of Time— The stusician — Hippopotamus Traps — Shire Marshes — Water-fowl— Kites and Vultures — Forest of Palm Trees — Islands of the Shire — An Unhappy Chief— Village of Chibisa — Chibisa — — Lake Shirwa — Sympathy of Fools— Discovery of Lake Shirwa — Return to the Shi}i — Expedition to Lake Nyassa— Mangania Hills — Village of Chilimba — The Manganja People — Agriculture — Cotton — Manufactures — Iron Ore — Native Trade— The Upper Lip Ring — Beer Drinking— Drunken Villages — The Muave Again— Faith— Nyassa Discovered— Return to Tete.. 361

CHAPTER X!X.

JOURNEYS OF HONOR.

Regard for Obligations — Busy Preparations — Market Prices at Tete— Singular Measures — Social Turn — Evening Gatherings — Peculiar '• Tea- Parties" — Makololo Objections to Leaving Tete — Their Gains and Losses — The Outfit— Journey Begun — Linyanti — Sekeletu —The Mission — Graves — Explanation of Failure — Livingstone's Confidence — Hope Unshaken — Makololo Faithfulness — Attentions— Growing Disaffection — Seaward Again — Tete— The Kongone — The " Pioneer " Arrives — The Rovuma — Return to the Shire — The "University's Mission "—Their Misfortunes— War Prevailing— The Slave-Trade — Lake Nyassa — The Lake Tribes — Shupanga — Death of Mrs. Livingstone - 39S

Chapter XX. Th* Beginning Of The End

Zambesi Expedition Unsatisfactory — Zanzibar — Trade from Zanzibar — The Outfit — Rovuma Bay — Kindany — The Makonde — Remarkable Vegetation — Cutting Right Valiantly — Rage for Doctorship — Mohammedan Influence — Lying Guides — Along the Rovuma — Troubles with Followers — Gum- Copal Tree — Extravagant Tattooing — Top of the Fashion — At Nyoniauo— The Slave-Trade — The Makoa — A Woman Rescued — Horrors of the Trade in Slaves — Currency for Africa — Extracts from Journal — A Deserted Village — A Model Town of Africa 4lt>

Chapter XXI. Approaching Nyassa

A Guest of Mataka — The Waiyau— Livingstone and the Arabs— The Town of Moembe — Iron Smelting — Causes of Desolation — Waiyau Described — Livingstone's Desires — Slave-Trade : Does it Pay ? — Sepoys sent back — Mountains — Springs — Iron — Approaching Nyassa — Livingstone's Review of his Route — The Watershed — Geological Formations — Kindness of the People — The Single Curse — An Example of Christians — Inconvenience of being English — Arabs as Settlers — A Doubtful Question Settled — Pota Mimba — Around the Foot of the Lake — No Earthquake Known — Sites of Old Villages — Brooks — The First European Seen — "God Took Him" — Wikatani Finds Relatives — Salt-Making — Eighty-five Slaves in a Pen — Work Honorable 446

Chapter XXII. About Nyassa

Geological Notes— The Marenga — Livingstone Preaching— Small-Pox- Inveterate Thieves — Kirk's Range — Love Token — Black-haired Sheep — Earthquakes— A Toper Chief— A Royal Escort — Whooping-Cough-The Hottest Month — Methods of Fertilization — No Animals — Bows and Arrows— Lip-Ring — A Prophetic Cow — Iron Works — Village of Smiths — Alarm of Mazitu — Native Furnaces — Livingstone's Patience— A Disagreeable Head Man — Level Country — Portuguese Travellers — A Herd of Buffaloes—Industry— Wild Figs— A Formidable Stockade — Trying News — A Steady Faith 463

Chapter XXIII. A Month Of Want

Days of Anxiety — Manganja Blood — Manganja and Waiyau — Artisans — Native Agriculture — Beautiful Scenery — Iron Trade — An Elephant Hunter — Difficulties — Carriers — Livingstone's Love for Nature — Memories — No Food — A Splendid Valley of Lilies — Stockades — Sunday at Zeore — Rain- Making — The Slave Idea in East Africa — Hedges of Bamboo — Bark Cloth — Huts for the Spirits of the Dead — Contrasts in Character — Forests and Rains — Beautiful Animals — The Zebra very Beautiful — The Loangwa — Bad for Worse — The Babisa — A Miserable Set — Sorrows Multiplied — A

Mopane Forest— Nyarmazi— Trading with a Woman— Loss of Goats— Experience with a Guide— The Hills Again— Bee Hunters— Want, Want, Want!— Noble Utterances— " Always Hungry "—Elephant Hunting— Sword Hunting— Desolate Land— No Bread— Hunger— Escape from a Cobra — The Loss of the Dog— Mushrooms — All the Medicine Lost — The Worst of All— Livingstone's Gentleness— " Real Biting Hunger "—Beads as Currency— The Chambeseat Last 482

Chapter XXIV. From Lake To Lake

Chitapanga's Stockade— An Offering Required— Audience with the Chief— Ceremony of Introduction — Chitapanga as he was— Some Trouble— Lying Interpreters— Arab Traders— Letters Sent Home— Quits Chitapanga's — The Chiefs Parting Oath— Appearance of Country— Troublesome Customs — Suspicion of the Chiefs— A Familiar Trick— Eagerness for Trade— Moamba at Home — Chief and Judge — The Moemba — The IIopo — Bows and Arrows— Illness — Kasonso's Reception — Assaulted by Ants — Cotton — Lake Liemba — Palm Oil — The Balungu — Severe Illness — Arabs — Chitimba's Village — A Long Delay — Nsama — The Baulungu — Industries — Cupping— Charms — Dull Life — Slave-Trade — Little Things — A Large Spider — At Hara — Reception at Nsama's — A Bride in Style—" Tipo Tipo" — " Kumba Kumba " — Itawa — Desertion — Slavery Question — Different Motives — Arabs on the March — Arab Traders — A Fantastic Party — Potency of Sneers in Africa — Delays — Lake Moero at Last 507

Chapter XXV. A Month With Casembe

Moero — Bound for Casembe — Kalongosi — Abundance of Fish — Dr. Lacerda — The Balonda — Enter Casembe's Village — Graciously Received — Mohamad bin Saleh — Notes from Journal — Zofu, King's Fool — "Casembe," General — His Character — Customs — Land Claims — Hand-Shaking — Letter to Lord Clarendon — Descriptive Resume — Sickness — Leaves Casembe — Bound for Ujiji — Mohamad bin Saleh his Companion — Hunger — Illness —Last Day of 1867— A Touching Record , 537

Chapter XXVI

" Only Water " — Native Indifference — Charms of Moero — Lake Scenery — Indifference of Arabs — Covetousness — The Only Lesson Learned — Kabwabwati — Dreadful March — Evils of being with Arabs — Livingstone's Influence— Thieving Slaves — A Dead Halt — Long Delay — Yankees of Africa — Duplicity of Mohamad — Desertion of Followers — Livingstone's Charity — Questionable Charity— Justice as well as Mercy — Arab Trouble-makers — Mohammedanism Not Taught — Not Adapted to Elevate Heathen — Christianity a Missionary Creed— Powerlessness of Ceremonies — Power of the Word — Africans Curious and Cautious — They Need the Gospel — Obligation of Christians — Dulness of Kabwabwati — Livingstone turns South — Arrives at Casembe's — Cordial Reception — Pleasing Recollections — Deliverances— Leopard Hunt — A Discovery — Croppcd-Eared Pest — Casembe's

Kindness— Mohamad Bogharib — Starting for Lake Bemba — Discovery of the Great Lake — Description of it — Lake Surroundings — Wanyamwezi — Northward Again — Commotions — War — Delays — Reach Kabwabwati — Abominations of Slave-Trade— Battle— Evils in Camp — Wanyamwezi Women During a Battle — Weariness— Christmas, January 31st, 1868 5J7

Chapter XXVII. Ujiji

Severe Illness — Thoughts and Memories — Some Good in All — Mohamad Bogharib's Kindness — Dr. Livingstone too 111 to Walk— Sufferings in being Carried — Arrival at Ujiji — Hardships Endured — Disappointment — Goods Stolen — Ujiji — Products of the District — Market-Place — Wajiji's Salutations— Head Ornamentation — Formal Introductions — Tattooing — A Representative Wajiji — Ornaments — Superstition — Superstitious Customs — Refusal to Carry Letters — A Den of Thieves — Thani bin Suellim — Manyuema Country — Religiously Villanous? — Bambarre — Expert Hunters — The Great Chief — The Covenant of Peace — How Arabs keep Covenants — Mockery of Superstition — "Liliputian Monsters" — A Pygmean Battle — Amazed at Guns — An Elephant Hunt — Unsatisfactory 479

Chapter XXVIII. Manyuema

Manyuema Country — The Paramount Chief— Independent Villages — Livingstone's Object — Leaves Bambarre— Westward — Splendid Scenery — Villages— Architecture of Manyuema — Character of the People — Hidden Villages — Curiosity of Villagers — Evil Influence of Traders — Prejudices Aroused— R.eturn to Bambarre — Ujiji Hood — Five Hundred Guns — Livingstone's Companion — Sets out from Bambarre Second Time — Appearance of Country — Huts in Trees — Elephant Traps — Bloody Feuds — Omnipresent Love— Newly Married Couple — Dreadful Swamps — Timely Hospitality — Promise of Letter — Hindered Again — Slave-Traders' Barbarities — Dreadful Murders — Katoma's Camp — Deserted by Followers — Three only Faithful —Singing Frog — A Nursing Fish — Musicians' — Livingstone's Resolution — Chuma, Susi and Gardner — A Man Killed — Meets Mohamad Bogharib — A New Affliction — Disappointment — Return to Bambarre — Long Sickness — Manyuema Dreadful Cannibals— Bloodthirsty — Delight in Murder — The Soko — Soko Hunt — Soko and Leopard— Soko and Lion — " Soko is a Man " — Impatience — Despondency — Hope Revived — Men and Letter Arrive from Zanzibar — New Difficulties — Trouble with New Men — Another Start — Conscience Clear — His Plan — His Longing — A Young Soko — On New Ground — Charming Scenery — Village Happiness — Trials — The Lualaba at Last 496

Chapter XXIX. Four Months At Nyangwe

The Lualaba — Abed and Hassani — The Temper of the Traders — Livingstone's Situation — The Difficulty — Writing Materials — Nyangwe Market-Women — Old and Young — The Market Scenes — Eagerness for Barter — Independence of Women — Ten Human Skulls — Cannibalism — Difficulty of get-

1G CONTENTS.

ting a Canoe — Ivory — The Bakuss — A Characteristic Manoeuvre — Bakusa' Opinion of Guns — Arabs' Idea of Business — A Fiendish Plot — Dugumbe — No Assistance — Wonderful Underground Houses — The People of Rua — " Heartbrokenness" — Disappointed Utterly — Beautiful Picture Blighted — Dreadful Slaughter — Three Hundred and Forty Dead — Suj>erwiekednes8 — Too Much to Bear — Resolved to Return — Importuned by the Natives — Determined — Providence in the Disap|>ointment— Providence in all Things — Precious Interests — A Despatch — James Gordon Bennett, Jr. — Henry M. Stanley 61*

CHAPTER XXX. Till-: DELIVERANCE

Mr. Stanley at Zanzibar — Selecting Fed lowers— African Currency — Curiosity Unsatisfied— "Speke's Faithfuls"- Ua^ainoyo- The Mrima — The Frontier of Barbarism — The Baloch — The Wamrima — The Half-Caste Aral) — Reception at Bagamoyo — The Jesuit Mission — Mr. Stanley's House — Great Preparations — Mr. Stanley and others — The Route Selected — On the March — First Hunt— The Wakwere-- The Wadoe — Beautiful Scenery — "Envious Evil" — The Wasegllhha — Handsome Savage — The Wagego— • Death and Marriage — Penalties of Murder and Theft — News of Dr. Livingstone— A Difficulty — Murder Attempted — Providence • $42

Chapter XXXI. Unyanyembe

Traditions of Unyamwezi — The Appearance of the Country — The Soil — u Fairy Mounts" — Villages — The Wanyamwezi — Sons of Ham — Lovers of Music — Maiden Fondness for Display — Tea-Parties — Matronly Gossip — The Club-Rooms — Masculine Vanity — Home Life in Unyamwezi — The Houses— The Furniture — Dining Hall — "Sweet Earth" — Popular Prejudices—Food of Wanyamwezi — Family Affection — Woman's Rights — Love and Law — Wanyamwezi, their Prominence — Great Travellers — The " Carriers " of East Africa — Varying Character — Unyanyembe Central Province — Arab Settlement — Mr. Stanley's Reception — Sayd bin Salim — Stanley's nouse— Munificent Hospitality — Visitors from Tabora — Tabora Village — Arab Luxury — Prominent Arabs of Tabora— Mr. Stanley Visits Tabora — The Council of War — Mirambo — An Unhappy Alliance — Sickness — Climate of Unyanyembe — The Battle Array — Disaster and Retreat — Glad to Quit — Tables Turned — The " Flying Caravan "—A Weeping Lover — On the March Again — Mangara — Grand Reception of Chiefs — A Jolly Time— The Ammonia Bottle Uncorked — An Impression Made — Splendid Game- Park— Two Days' Hunting— Trouble in Camp— A Revolt— A Dreadful Plot —The Pledge— Mrera - 66C

Chapter XXXII. The Meeting

Approaching Each Other— The Spirit of the Man— "A Good Heart"— Adequacy of Christian Kindness — Africa for Christ — Effigies of Men — A Lesson Learned — Mistake the Man — The Ambuscade — A Third Deliverance— A Good Omen — No Vengeance — The Leopard — Weary and Iadifferent — Painful Reflections — " Little Better than a Skeleton " — Dreadful Disappointment — The Good Samaritan — Mr. Stanley's Caravan — "That 23d Day of October " — Good News — A Forced March — The Tanganyika at Last — The First View of the Lake — Special Charms for Stanley — The Approach—" Good-Morning, Sir "— " Who the Mischief are You ? "—The Meeting — The Conversation — The Revelation Made — " God Never Failed Him " — The Best Medicine — A Cruise on the Lake — No Outlet Found — " I Must Finish my Task." 677

Chapter XXXIII. A Journey And A Delay

From Ujiji to Unyanyembe — Livingstone a Companion — Route Adopted — > Forest Entertainment — Methods of Hunting — Makombwe Hunting Hippopotamus— Baker's Rhinoceros Hunt— Wild Race — "A Horse ! a Horse ! " — Sword wins the Day — Stanley as Hunter — Tent- Life — Arrive at Kwihara. — Home-Life — Busy Preparations — Livingstone Abundantly Provided for — Farewell of Wanyamwezi — A Wild Dance — The Farewell Song — The Parting — Bagamoyo Again — The English Expedition — Oswald Livingstone— Caravan Sent Back — The Mission Completed — England, Livingstone, Stanley, the World — Comfort in Disappointment — Livingstone in Unyanyembe — His Occupation — His Modesty — His Zeal for Missions — The Country Inviting — A Robinson Crusoe Life — The Mothers of the Country — The Call to Missionaries — '"Advice to Missionaries" — " No Jugglery or Sleight-of-hand " — Livingstone's Interest General — Grasp and Minuteness — Suspense Ended — Stanley in England — The Queen's Acknowledgment ~ 700