The House of Teck, a romance of a thousand years

Front matter

Ira

THE ROYAL HOUSES OF ARPAD AND ABA

AND

Preface

Oisr the occasion of the wedding of Their Majesties I had the honour of publishing a little volume dealing with the history of the Rhedey family, the maternal ancestors of His Highness the late Duke of Teck ; and by special permission I was privileged to dedicate it to His Highness.

The subject proved fascinating to me in so many ways that I was led to make further researches in the history of this illustrious family, who trace their descent from the royal House of Aba, and are closely connected with the dynasty of Arpad.

Access to the original Hungarian MS. of the genealogical history of the House of Rhedey, specially prepared for the Duke of Teck by Dr. Sandor, Paris, by order of His Excellency, Privy Councillor Count Samu Teleki, and to the archives connected with the Rhedey family, kindly placed at my disposal by different Hungarian towns, has enabled me to considerably increase the scope of my former work. I venture to hope that what I have written may commend itself to the public at the moment when the entire British Empire — nay, the whole civilised world — awaits with the most sympathetic interest Their Majesties' Coronation.

Though the main purpose of this volume is to deal with the Hungarian ancestors of Her Majesty, yet a short outline of the history of the House of

vii

PREFACE

Wurtemberg, from which Her Majesty descends on the paternal side, will not be out of place, indeed, is indispensable to justify the title of the work.

I have also included a short account relating to the illustrious Houses of Bathory, Apaffy, Bethlen, Zrinyi, Rakdczy, Banffy, Wesselenyi, Teleki, and other great families of Hungary, who either descended from the same stock as the Rhedeys or were closely related to them.

I append a list of the authorities I have consulted, and it will be seen that I have taken as my guides the most approved ancient and modern Hungarian historians. I have also availed myself of a number of works of reference both in the English and other languages, which I herewith gratefully acknowledge.

In conclusion, I consider it my special duty to express my indebtedness to Mr. Charles Rimler, the Burgomaster of Nagy Varad, in sending me such an exhaustive account of Nagy Varad and the Rhedey family drawn from the archives of the County of Bihar. I regret that the space at my disposal does not permit me to publish this interesting collection in its entirety, but the information contained therein was of the utmost use to me in preparing this work. With a view of showing how sacredly the memory of the Rhedey family is preserved, I cannot do better than reproduce the translation of the letter of the Burgomaster to me on the subject.

LOUIS FELBERMAN June 21

Translation of Letter received by the Author from the Burgomaster of Nagy Vdrad 1059. 1911.

Dear Sir, —

In reply to your letter of the 25th ult., addressed to me, asking me to send you copies of the archives of the County of Bihar in connection with the Rhedey family, as well as other relics that may be in possession of the County, I have the honour to inform you that, bearing in mind the noble object of the work, and also remembering with gratitude what the town of Nagy Varad owes to the Rhedey family, who have been its great benefactors, I have given the necessary orders that the material in question shall be sent to you in its most complete form. I send herewith also eighteen photographs of the Rhedey family relics, specially taken for your work, as well as a short account of the history of Nagy Varad and its close connection with the Rhedey family, which has been specially prepared for your work by the Chief Librarian of the County of Bihar.

Assuring you of my highest esteem, I have the honour to remain, with friendly greetings,

(Signed) Charles Rimler Burgomaster Louis Felberman, Esq.

AUTHORITIES

In preparation of this work I have consulted the following recognised Hungarian authorities on the history of Hungary : —

Aba Samu Kiraly (King Samu Aba), by Kandra Kabos.

Aba Kiraly (King Aba), by Prof. S. Marki.

St. Margit (St. Margaret of Scotland), by Dr. Jozsef Rezbanyay.

Magyar Szentek (Saints of Hungary), by F. Toldy.

Dr. Horvath (Mindly).

Dr. Szalay (Laszlo).

Prof. Sebestyen (Gyula).

Prof. Marki (Sandor).

Prof. Marczali (Henry).

Prof. Szilagyi (Alexander).

For the various family histories and romances dealt with I have consulted the works of the following authors : —

Bathory (Gabor) — Baron Josika.

Apaffy (Mihaly) — Maurice Jokai.

Teleki Mihaly — Maurice Jokai.

Thokoli (Imre) — Maurice J6kai.

Bhedey (Ferencz III.) — Maurice Jokai.

Rakoczy Ferencz II. — Prof. S. Marki.

Bathory (Erzsebet) — Ferencz Nadasdy.

(Masodik Rakoczy, Ferencz Elete)— Count Miklos Bethlen.

(Life of Ferencz Rakoczy II.).

Bethlen (Katalin) — Countess K. Bethlen.

AUTHORITIES

A Tornaj nemzetsegbeli Banffy esalad Tortenete (The Origin of the

Banffy Family), by Varga.

Vaik Stephen and Gisela, by Dr. R. Rotter.

Amongst the Hungarian works of reference, I am specially indebted to the information obtained in the Pallas Lexicon, and also to the following English Works : —

The Historian's History of the World. Edited by Henry Smith

Williams, LL.D. Published by the " Times." The Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Chambers' Encyclopaedia.

Lives of the Saints, by the Rev. Alban Butler. Life of St. Elizabeth, by Montalembert (Count). Translated by

Mary Hackett.

For Wiirtemberg I have consulted : —

Belschner (C), Geschichte von Wiirtemberg. Moser Geschichte von Wiirtemberg.

xn

Chapter I

The ancient House of Z&hringen — Berthold I. of Zahringen — Berthold II., Duke of Helvetia — Conrad of Zahringen sides with Welf of the House of Guelph in the battle of Weinsberg — Berthold V. of Zahringen, founder of the city of Berne — The Counts of Wurtemberg — Ulrich the founder (1241-65) — Eberhard the Illustrious — Relationship between Rudolph of Habsburg and the Counts of Wurtemberg — The Dukes of Austria grant a part of the Burg of Teck to Eberhard V., Count of Wurtemberg, and afterwards the whole to Ulrich III. — Foundation of the Duchy of Wurtemberg (1495) by Eberhard V. surnamed im Bart — Wurtemberg and the Thirty Years' War — The Dukes of Wurtemberg from the creation of the Duchy — Foundation of the Kingdom of Wurtemberg —Duke Frederick (1797-1816) becomes first King of Wurtemberg — Frederick I. (1805) — King William of Wurtemberg (1816-64)— King Charles I. (1864-91) — Family ties of the House of Wurtemberg — The origin of the Ducal House of Teck ......

Chapter II

Her Majesty's Hungarian descent — The Royal House of. Arpad — Its connection with the Polish Royal House of Piast and the other ruling houses of Europe — The empire of Attila — The dream of Emese — The birth of Almos — The House of Aba — Samu Aba, Palatine of Hungary — His bravery and popularity — Desire of nation for St. Stephen to appoint Aba as his successor — Queen Gizela supports claim of Duke Peter — Peter elected King at the death of St. Stephen (1038)— Rising against Peter (1041) — Samu Aba defeats King Peter and becomes King of

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PAGE

Hungary — Samu Aba at war with the Emperor Henry III. — King Samu Aba invades and defeats Germany — The Emperor's repeated invasions of Hungary — Defeat of Aba at Menfo — Peter again king — Aba's great wealth — Aba's generosity — Family legends, the Yeresmart or Saar legend — King Aba's Tears — Duke Geza and St. Adalbert — The noble life of St. Stephen, Apostolic King — The Legend of the Crown of Hungary — Eadmund Ironside's children in Hungary — The Hungarian origin of St. Margaret of Scotland — The "Terra Britannorum" in Hungary — Boleslaw I., King of Poland, surnamed " Chrobry " the Lion-hearted — His relation to the Royal House of Arpad — The Emperor Otto III. visits Boleslaw and creates him king — Boleslaw's great wars with Bohemia, Germany, and Russia — The Aba family — Godfrey de Bouillon's visit to Hungary . . .12

Chapter III

Hungary under the Arpad kings — St. Ladislaus (1077-1095), the conqueror of Croatia — King Kalman (1005-1114), conqueror of Dalmatia (1105)— Bela II. (1131-1141), ally of Guelph against Conrad III. — Geza II. (1141- 1161) defeats Leopold of Austria (1146) — Andrew II. (1205-1235), leads a Crusade (1217)— Granted the Golden Bull, the "Magna Charta" of Hungary (1222) — Bela IV. (1235-70)— Tartar invasion of Hungary (1241- 42) — Bela defeats Duke Frederick of Babenberg(1246) — Stephen V. (1270-1272) becomes connected with the House of Anjou — Ladislaus IV. (1272-90) becomes the ally of Rudolph of Habsburg (1277)— Defeats Ottoker II., King of Bohemia (1278) — Extinction of the male line of the House of Arpad (1301). The House of Anjou — Charles Robert (1308-42), King of Hungary — Introduces reforms — Louis the Great (1342-82) occupies Naples — Conquers Moldavia, Bulgaria, Servia, Bosnia and Wallachia — Poland becomes united to Hungary (1370) — Maria and the Emperor Sigismund joint rulers of Hungary (1382-95) — Hedwiga, daughter of Louis the

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PAGE

Great, marries Uladislaus Jagiello, Duke of Lithuania, founder of the Jagiello dynasty in Poland — War between the kings of Hungary and Poland — Turks threaten invasion— John Hunyady the hero — Defeats the Turks in many battles — King Matthias (1458-90) — Defeat of the Hungarians at Mohacs (1526) — Death of King Louis II. — The Turks become masters of the Danube region to thecastleof Buda — The Habsburg Dynasty — Ferdinand I. of Habsburg and John Szapolyai, rival kings — Division of Hungary (1538) — Independence of Transylvania declared — Emperor Maximilian's claim contested by Sigismond, son of Szapolyai — Maximilian on the death of Sigismond (1571) becomes sole king — Stephen Bathory elected Prince of Transylvania — Desperate struggles with the Turks — National Heroes — George Szondy's heroism at Dregely (1552) — Miklos Zrinyi's noble defence of Szigetvar and tragic end (1566) — Religious persecutions — Revolt of Stephen Bocskay against Emperor Rudoph I. — The Thirty Years' War — Gabor Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, aids the cause of the Protestants — The Wesselenyi Conspiracy — The suppression of the Hungarian Constitution — Rising under Imre Thokoli — Bombardment of Vienna (1683) — Its relief by John Sobieski, King of Poland — Prince Charles of Lorraine — Recapture of Buda from the Turks (1686) — Revolution headed by Francis Rakoczy II. — Joseph I. (1705-11) re-establishes the Hungarian Constitution — The Treaty of Szatmar (1711) — Rakoczy II. becomes an exile — The Pragmatic Sanction — Maria Theresia (1740-80) appeals to the chivalry of the Hungarians — The historic Diet of Pozsony (Pressburg) — Joseph II. (1780-90) emancipates the peasantry — Emperor Francis I. (1792-1835) — Wars with Napoleon I.— Ferdinand V. (1835-1848)— The War of Independence (1848) — Abdication of the Emperor Ferdinand — Succeeded by Francis Joseph I. — Reconciliation in 1867 — Formation of the Dual Monarchy — Francis Joseph crowned King of Hungary (1867) 43

XV

Chapter IV Page

The House of Rhedey — Foundation of the Rhedey family (1199) — Janos (John) Rhedey I. distinguishes himself during the rule of Andreas II. — Aba Demeter accompanies Andreas II. to the Holy Land — Aba Abolbad acts as homo regis in the reign of Bela IV. (1235-70) — The Rhedey family during the rule of the Angevin kings of Hungary — Jakob Rhedey (1397) acts as homo regis for King Sigismund — Peter Rhedey III. conducts peace negotiations between Uladislaus, King of Poland, and Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary (1442) — Janos III. (1437-85), Waiwode of Transylvania — Heroic defence at Eger by the Rhedey family (1541) — Ferencz I. and Pal IV.— Ferencz Rhedey II. (1556-1621) lays the foundation of the glory of the house — Defends the rights of the Protestants — Ferencz Rhedey III., Prince of Transylvania — His noble qualities — Rhedey relics in the possession of Her Majesty and the Duke of Teck — The siege of four thousand women — How Rhedey outwitted Taltossy 62

Chapter V

The Transylvanian Branch of the House of Rhedey — Janos V. — Janos VII. — Adam III. — Laszlo XIII. — Marriage of Countess Claudia Rhedey to Prince Alexander of Wurtemburg — Janos X. — The last of the Rhedeys — The female survivors of the House of Rhedey 87

Chapter VI

The House of Bathory — The sword of Bathory — Miklos Bathory — Andreas Bathory — Stephen Bathory, King of Poland, 1575-86 — Stephen Bathory founds the Cossack Regiment — 'Andreas, Cardinal Prince Bathory — The last of the Bathorys — Zsofia (Sophia) Bathory — Elizabeth Bathory . 98

xvi

Chapter VII Page

The Bethlen Family — Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania (1580-1629)— Gabriel Bethlen defends the rights of the Protestants — Bethlen forms an alliance with the Elector Frederick V. against the Emperor — Gabriel Bethlen elected King of Hungary — Concludes peace with Emperor (1621) after the defeat of Elector Frederick at the White Mountains — Miklos Bethlen (1640-1716) takes part in the Thokoli rising — The Diploma Leopoldinum — Ilona Bethlen's romance — A crown for love — A Prince's love rejected — Love rewarded . . . . . .109

Chapter VIII

The House of Apaffy — Apaffy I. — Michael Teleki, the great Chancellor — Apaffy's wife, Anne Bornemisza — Apaffy's policy with the Turks — Compelled to be Prince — Princess Apaffy and the Sultan's ambassador — Apaffy's court jester ......... 130

Chapter IX

The Teleki Family — Count Samu Teleki — Count Sandor Teleki — Count Jozsef Teleki — Count Adam Teleki — Michael Teleki, Chancellor of Transylvania — Prince Apaffy — The Teleki and Thokoli feud — Thokoli outwits the German forces — Death of Teleki . . . . . .151

Chapter X

Francis Rakoczy II. — Rakoczy and the Emperor Joseph I. — The Treaty of Szatmar — Constitutional rights of Hungary guaranteed — Rakoczy becomes an exile — Rakoczy in England — Queen Anne sympathises with him — Bolingbroke prevents his visit to the English Court — Rakoczy leaves for France — His warm reception at the French Court — His long sojourn in France — Rakoczy's departure for Turkey and death at Rodosto . . . .159

xvii b

Chapter XI Page

The Wesselenyi Family — Ferencz Wesselenyi — Palatine of Hungary — Maria Szechi, the Venus of Murany, and "Wesselenyi — The Wesselenyi Conspiracy — Death of Wesselenyi — Maria Wesselenyi's bravery — The Castle of Murany — The Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Kohary family — Baron Miklos Wesselenyi — His son Baron Miklos — His association with Stephen Szechenyi — His liberal ideas, anecdote of Wesselenyi and the Emperor — Wesselenyi's staunch patriotism — Is imprisoned — His death — Baron Wesselenyi, the guardian of the crown of St. Stephen — Baroness Istvan Wesselenyi — Baroness de Horvath . 167

Chapter XV

The Ancient Homes of the House of Aba — The Hungarian Danube towns — Mosony — Gyor — The Great Benedictine Monastery of Pannonhalma — Godfrey de Bouillon in Hungary — Marriages with Crusade leaders — The in-

xviii

PAGE gratitude of the Crusaders for Hungarian hospitality — Doge Dandolo's bargain — Szent Marton — Komarom — ■ Pozsony (Pressburg) — Esztergom — Vacz — Visegrad — Budapest ........ 186

Chapter XVI

The Balaton Lake District — Balaton Fiired — Jokai's description of the beauties of Balaton — Local legends — The convent of Tihany — Keszthely — Legends of the two hills — The fogas of Balaton — Veszprem — Queen Gisela and the Aethelings — -The Bakony forest — The Hungarian Robin Hood — King Aba and the cottager . . . .197

Chapter XVII

The Northern Highlands of Hungary — The Slovak country — The Slovaks — Their characteristics — The Vag Valley — Its great beauty — Its many castles — The castle of Trencsen — The legend of its well — Elizabeth Bathory's cruelty — The High Tatra — Its exquisite beauty — The three lakes, (Red, White and Green) — Legends of the Tatra — The fairy carbuncles — The ice cave of Dobsina — The three Tatra-Fiireds — Tatra Lomnicz — A Rhedey legend — The Zips country — The Thuringians — Locse — St. Elizabeth of Hungary — The White Lady of Locse . 204

Chapter XVIII

Northern Hungary — Memories of Rakoczy — The Story of the Rakoczy March — Gipsy Czinka Panna — Kassa, its importance — King Matthias borrows two florins . . 227

Chapter XIX

The North-east of Hungary — The birthplace of Kossuth and Andrassy — The Tokaj vineyards — S. A. Ujhely — Ungvar — The Fort of Ung — Munkacs — Its capture by the Hungarians — The Zalan legend — Ilona Zrinyi, Hungary's heroine — The fort of Huszt, the ancient Burg of the

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PAGE

Rhedeys — Maramaros Sziget — The Salt Mines — The Tisza and Iza legends — Szatmar — Szabolcs . . .234

CHAPTER XX The Cradle Home of the Rhedeys — Fiilek and the Rhedeys

— Kis and Nagy Rede — Eger and its historic defence . 246

Chapter XXI

The Heart of Hungary — Debreczen and its great fairs — The Puszta at Hortobagy — Hungarian cowboys — Nagy Varad — The Home of the Rhedeys — Count Lajos Rhedey II., who was a great benefactor of Nagy Varad — The gratitude of the town to the Rhedey family — The Kornis family ........ 250

Chapter XXII

Transylvania, the pearl of the Hungarian crown — Its great beauty — The land of sport — Its mineral wealth — Altar of the god Yesten — Ruins of Budavar, Attila's palace — Magyars — Szekelys — Saxons — Wallachians — Ancient Dacia and its history — The Emperor Trajan and King Decebalus — Banffy Hunyad — Kolozsvar — Matthias Corvinus — The Rhedey Palace — The village of Bethlen — Torda and its antiquities — The great salt lakes — Torda glen — Nagy Enyed — The legend of St. Ladislas — The village of Toroczko — The Maros Valley — John Hunyady — Maros Vasarhely and the Telekis — Erdo Szent Gyorgy, the birthplace of Her Majesty's Grandmother — The old Parish Church — Memorial tablet erected by Her Majesty — The Manor House of the Rhedeys — The legend of the ruined castle — The cave of Almas — Elopatak — The Lake of St. Anne — Nagy Enyed — The Mining District — Gyula Fehervar — The Plains of Kenyermezo, the rendezvous of the Crusaders — Nagy Szeben — The Falls of Vizakna — Fogaras — Segesvar — The death of Petofi — Brasso . .261

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Chapter XXIII Page

The Danube Iron Gates — Adakaleh, a Turkish colony — Orsova, the crown chapel — Herkules-Fiirdo (Hercules Bath)— The Denies of Kazan . . . ' . .281

Chapter XXIV

The Alfold (Lowlands) — Alfold villages and its pusztas — Its characteristics described by Petofi — Hungary since the days of Arpad ........ 285

Genealogical Table, No. 1, showing the descent of Her Majesty from the House of Wiirtemberg, and the connections with other Royal Houses . . facing page 10

Genealogical Table, No. 2, showing the Hungarian descent of the late Duke of Teck from the House of Rhedey, the direct descendants of the Royal House of Aba, and the connections of that House with the Arpad dynasty, and the Polish Royal House of Piast and other ruling Houses

Map of Hungary (specially revised by the Secretary of

the Royal Hungarian Geographical Society) facing page 290

ERRATA

Pages 11, 95, and Illustrations facing pp. 4, 6, 38, 80, also Table of Contents (Chapter V.), List of Illustrations, pp. 291, 309 of Index, and in Genealogical Table II, for "Prince" read " Duke" Alexander of Wiirtemberg.

Pages 13, 46, 101, names appearing either as "Jagellon" or " Jagiello " are generally spelled in English as " Jagello," though a number of Polish and other historians refer to the Dynasty as "Jagyello," "Jagiello," or "Jaghello," the name of its founder, prior to his conversion to Christianity, having been known as " Jagyl " or " Jaghyel."

Page 40, last line, for " Gresen " read " Gnesen."

Page 107, line 22, for " Francis Rakoczy II." read " Francis Rakoczy I."

1. Her Majesty Queen Mary. Published by gracious

permission of Her Majesty . . . Frontispiece

2. His Majesty King George V. Published by gracious

permission ....... vii

3. His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. Pub-

lished by gracious permission of Their Majesties . xi

4. Their Majesties' Children. Published by gracious

permission of Their Majesties .... xiii

5. The late Duke and Duchess of Teck and family . . xxiii

6. The Principal Rulers of Wiirtemberg. (From the founda-

tion of this State to its creation as a kingdom) . 1

7. Prince Alexander of Wiirtemberg — father of the late

Duke of Teck — in Hungarian costume (at the time of

his engagement to Countess Claudia Rhedey) . . 4

8. Countess Claudia Rhedey — Her Majesty's Grandmother —

at the time of her engagement to Prince Alexander of Wiirtemberg. From a portrait by kind permission of Baroness de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey . 6

9. His Highness the late Duke of Teck (in the uniform of

an officer of a Huszar Regiment). Published by kind permission of H.H. The Duke of Teck . . 8

10. Princess Claudine of Teck (sister to His Highness the late

Duke of Teck). Published by kind permission of H.H. the Duke of Teck 12

11. The Crown of St. Stephen. Reproduced from Prof.

Szilagyi's " History of Hungary " . . . .14

xxiii

12. St. Stephen— First King of Hungary— (1000-1038).

Copied from Prof. Alexander Szilagyi's " History of Hungary" .18

13. (1) King Samu Aba (1041-44). (2) Queen Gisela.

(3) King Aba sends a message of defiance to the Emperor Henry III. (4) Coins of King Aba. Copied from the Vienna Chronicles by Velicogna . 20

14. Gyor, Townhall of. — Gyor, scene near ... 22

15. Pannonhalma, The Great Benedictine Monastery. —

Komarom, Townhall. — Pannonhalma, Millennium Memorial ....... 26

16. Veszprem. Where Queen Gisela and the English

Aethelings resided. — The Monastery of Tihany (Lake Balaton) 30

17. Boleslaw I. (the Lion-Hear ted), King of Poland (999-

1025). Copied from Prof. Alexander Szilagyi's

" History of Hungary " . . . . .34

18. Countess Claudia Rhedey — Her Majesty's Grandmother.

Reproduced from a painting by kind permission of H.H. the Duke of Teck 36

19. Prince Alexander of Wiirtemberg — Her Majesty's Grand-

father. Published by special permission of H.H.

the Duke of Teck 38

20. His Highness the late Duke of Teck. Published by

kind permission of His Highness the Duke of Teck . 42

21. Her Royal Highness Princess Mary Adelaide, the late

Duchess of Teck. Published by kind permission of H.H. the Duke of Teck 44

22. White Lodge, the home of the late Duke and Duchess

of Teck 46

24. Her Highness the Duchess of Teck. Published by

special permission of His Highness the Duke of Teck 50

25. Prince George of Teck. Published by special permission

of H.H. the Duke of Teck 52

26. The Children of the Duke and Duchess of Teck. Pub-

lished by kind permission of H.H. the Duke of Teck 54 xxiv

HIS KOYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES

Published by geacious permission of Their Majesties

Photo by W. and D. Downey

27. His Serene Highness Prince Alexander of Teck. Pub-

lished by special permission of His Serene Highness . 56

28. Her Royal Highness Princess Alexander of Teck.

Published by gracious permission . . . .58

29. The Children of Prince and Princess Alexander of Teck.

Published by kind permission of H.S.H. Prince Alexander of Teck . . . . . .60

30. H.S.H. the late Prince Francis of Teck. Published by

kind permission of His Serene Highness Prince Alexander of Teck . . . . . .62

31. The Arms of the House of Rhedey .... 64

32. Ferencz Rhedey, Prince of Transylvania. Published by

kind permission of H.H. the Duke of Teck . . 66

33. Swords and pistols formerly the property of Prince

Rhedey. In the possession of H.H. the Duke of Teck * 68

34. Rhedey Relics. —Pearl Earrings formerly the property of

Claudia Rhedey, now in possession of Her Majesty the Queen. — Plate, formerly the property of Denes Banffy, now the property of H.H. the Duke of Teck 70

35. Tapestry chair, and vases, from the collection of His

Highness, the late Duke of Teck, at White Lodge ....... 72

36. Count Laszlo Rhedey XIII. — Great-Grandfather of Her

Majesty. Reproduced from a painting by special permission of Baroness Odon de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey . . . . . .76

37. Countess Laszlo Rhedey — Great-Grandmother of Her

Majesty. Reproduced from a painting by special permission of Baroness Odon de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey 78

38. Countess Claudia Rhedey — Her Majesty's grandmother —

(before her engagement to Prince Alexander of Wiirtemberg) ....... 80

39. Count Janos Rhedey, f 1768. From a miniature pub-

lished by special permission of the Baroness Odon de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey . . .88

xxv

Count Janos Rhedey — brother of Her Majesty's great-grandfather. Reproduced from a painting by special permission of Baroness Odon de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey . . . . . .90

Countess Janos Rhedey, nee Josefa Baroness Banffy (sister-in-law of Her Majesty's great-grandmother). From a portrait by kind permission of Baroness Odon de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey . . .92

Memorial Tablet erected by Her Majesty in the Church of Erdo Szent Gyorgy. Published with Her Majesty's gracious permission . . . . . .96

Interior of Parish Church at Erdo Szent Gyorgy. (In this church is buried Countess Claudia Rhedey, the grandmother of Her Majesty) .... 98

Count Janos Rhedey, j 1 87 2. Reproduced from a painting, published by special permission of his daughter, Baroness Odon de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey 102 Baroness Michael de Horvath (nee Inczedi) as a child, sister to Her Majesty's great-grandmother. — Baron Michael de Horvath as a youth. Reproduced from portraits by kind permission of Baroness Odon de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey . . .106

Baron Odon de Horvath, nephew of Count Laszlo Rhedey. Reproduced from a painting by kind permission of Baroness de Horvath, nee Countess de Rhedey .... ... 110

Countess Vetter von der Lilie, nee Baroness Katinka de

Horvath 114

Countess Charles Attems, nee Baroness de Horvath . 118 The Fortress of Kiikiillo (Transylvania) . . .126

The Bastion of Medgyes (Transylvania) . . .130

Nagy Szeben (Transylvania) . . . . .136

Brasso (Transylvania) . . . . . .138

The Fortress of Deva (Transylvania) . . . .142

Segesvar (Transylvania) . . . . . .146

Count Samu Teleki (1739-1822), the Founder of the Teleki Library at Maros Vasarhely. Published by special permission of the present Count Samu Teleki 150 xxvi

56. Count Samuel Teleki 152

57. The old Tower and Church at Nagy Enyed (Transyl-

58. Francis Rakoczy II. 160

59. Princess Rakoczy (wife of Francis Rakoczy II.) . .164

60. The Castle of Murany. — The ruins of the Castle of

61. The late Baron Dezso Banffy 178

62. Pozsony, former capital of Hungary. — Esztergom . 186

63. Statue of Maria Theresia at Pozsony (by Fadrusz) . 188

64. View of Budapest, showing Royal Palace of Buda . 190

65. The Hungarian Houses of Parliament at Budapest . 192

66. General View of Budapest . . . . .194

67. One of the Principal Thoroughfares at Budapest . . 196

68. Szekesfehervar. The ancient city where the Kings of

the Arpad Dynasty were crowned. — The Castle of Siimeg .....'.. 198

69. The Castle of Count Festetich at Keszthely. — Hot Lake

at Tapolcza. — Balaton F tired . . . .202

70. Nyitra (Northern Hungary). In the vicinity of the

Vag District 204

71. The Castle of Zolyom.— The Ruins of the Castle of

72. A Street at Trencsen (Northern Hungary) . . . 208

73. Tatra Fiired (Northern Highlands, Hungary) . .210

74. The Lake of Csorba (Northern Highlands, Hungary) . 212

75. Poprad (Northern Hungary) . . . . .216

76. The Town of Locse (Northern Hungary) . . .220

77. The White Lady of Locse. From a portrait in the

Royal Hungarian Art and Decorative Museum . 224

78. The Cathedral of Kassa (Northern Hungary) . . 230

79. Farm House Scene 234

80. Ungvar. — Harvesting. — The Castle of Munkacs (North-

East of Hungary) 240

81. The Parish Church at Kis Rede, the Cradle Home of

the Rhedeys. The church has been built on the site of the former family residence destroyed by the Turks 246

82. Eger. The scene of the earliest struggles of the Rhedeys

against the Turks. (There is still a mosque left in the town.) — Fiilek. The ruins of the former castle which was built by the ancestors of Her Majesty, and which they so bravely defended against the Turks 248

83. Nagy Yarad (County Bihar). The town has been closely

associated with the Rhedey family, several members

of whom resided here . . . . . .252

84. The River Koros (Bihar) 254

85. Monumental Effigy of Ferencz Rhedey II. (in his armour)

as a Polish knight. In the Rhedey Mausoleum of Nagy Yarad 256

86. Count Lajos Rhedey (from the family Mausoleum at

Nagy Yarad). Reproduced by kind permission of

the Municipality of Nagy Yarad . . . .258

87. Countess Lajos Rhedey. Reproduced from an oil

painting in the family Mausoleum at Nagy Yarad 260

88. The Bihar Mountains 262

89. Kolozsvar (the capital of Transylvania) . . . 264

90. Kolozsvar. 1. The Former Rhedey Residence. 2.