The history and principles of the civil law of Rome; an aid to the study of scientific and comparative jurisprudence

Front matter

pre pasneeaoere eee ed

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DG88 AS2

Chapter II. Ownership

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§ 1.—Rights of Ownership Generally . : ; ‘ ; : 5a zy § 2.—Restricted Rights of Ownership : : : ‘ ; ; 148 (1) Servitudes ; ; 5 : ; ‘ : 4-1 449

(3) Use and Habitation : a : . ; : ee 151

(4) Labour of Slaves : ° ; : : 3 I51

(5) Lmphyteusts and gee Bae i : : et cap 5

(9) Possession . : : - td 7)

§ 3.—Modes of Acquiring Rights ef Ownership / z : : 160 (1) Occupation : ° ; : : 100

(4) Operation of Law : : : : : 165

(5) Adjudication, or Judicial Spiess : ; : a7) 160

§ 4.—Modes of Protecting Rights of Wee 5 7 : : 167 (i) Jinterdicts: + ; : : 5 ; ae 107,

CHAPTER Til.

OBLIGATIONS.

- § 1.—Nature and Objects of Obligations generally : : : 3 L609 (1) What the Object must be : : : : 4 170 (2) Interpretation . : : : ’ : : oe i (3) Discount and Interest . ‘ : : : : 172 ‘ ) Concurrence of Obligations ‘ : ; ; eee 7

(5) Order of Privileged Creditors ; ‘ : : 174. (6) Impossible or Illegal Objects. : : ‘ et

§ 2.—Parties to Obligations . ; : : E77, (1) Officially Anboraad Re ieseitaiees 3 - . 180 (2) Privately Authorized Representatives . : ‘ 182

§ 3.—Extinction of Obligations .- : ALT ; : CTR (1) Fulfilment (so/zzzo) ¢ ; ; : - : 184

(2) Release (acceptzlatio) ‘ 185 (3) Set-off and Mutual Adjustment a ecetin (compensate 186 (4) Renewal (zovazzo) é 187

(5) Amicable Adjustment of Tirened Cine Cee e 188 (6) Reference to Arbitration (veceptzo arbitri, compromissum) 188

(7) Transfer (cesszo nominum) : ; ‘ . 189 (8) Bankruptcy (cesszo bonorume, sheahin : i . 190 (9) Merger (confuszo) . ; 195

(10) Judicial Process or pected Oath, fod Presa incon 2 195

XIV CONTENTS.

§ 4.—Classification of Obligations according to their Origin ‘ : I. Civil and Natural Obligations j ‘ - ; . II. Voluntary Engagements : : ‘ ‘ ,

(1) One-sided Engagements . : ° ‘

(2) Two-sided Engagements ‘ : : (a) Banking Contracts : : : (4) Shipping Contracts . . . : (c) Insurance Contracts ‘ . . : (1) Formal Agreements (comtractus) . : ‘

(2) Informal Agreements (facta) III. Acts of Wrong Doing (dedzcta) IV. Facts Analogous to Convention and to Acts or Wione Doing (guast-contractus and quast-delicta) . ‘

Chapter IV. The Family

§ 1.—Slaves and Freedmen . : ‘ , ‘ . i : § 2.—Children and Descendants 3 : ‘ : ‘ ‘ ; (1) As Regards the Person ‘ ; ; : ; 4

(2) As Regards Property (3) The Extension of the se) iy Legitimation Adoption, and Arrogation § 3.—Husband and Wife ; E : : i) ehe Canstitition of the Marive : : ; ; (2) Divorce ; : : : F i ; (3) The Wife’s Property : , , :

§ 4.—Guardians and Trustees in Guardianship (¢uzores, Ppa oNek (1) Nature and Purpose of the Institution of Guardianship (2) Modes of Appointment of Guardians to those under Age, and of Trustees in Guardianship to other Persons (3) Rights, Duties, Responsibilities, and Liabilities of Guardians and of like Trustees ‘ ‘ ; ;

CHAPTER: SUCCESSION. § 1.—Selection of Heir by races of Law (Rules of Intestate Succession) : ‘ ; ; ; : ° (1) Pavaive pated : ‘ ‘ ; : , a Intermediate Period . : . , ‘ : ‘ 3) Justinian’s Final Legislation . ; . , .

§ 2. idee? of Heir by the Will of the Deceased (1) Historical Enumeration of the Various Sorts of Wills (2) The Essential Conditions of a Valid Will, and the Duties of the Heir . ‘ : : ° ° 23) sbepacies a5. , : ; ; : i § 3.—Trust Gifts ( jidetcommissa) ; ; i : : : ai § 4.—Codicils ; : : ; ; 5 ‘ ‘ é : ;

308 308 309 314 319 319

323 333 336 338

CONTENTS. XV

Chapter VI. Actions And Remedial Processes

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§ 1.—Growth of Roman Procedure up to the Age of Justinian 4 : Pp s 343 (1) The Antique Civil Processes (deg¢s actiones) . : 343 (2) The Formulary System of Pleading . 2 ; eeSAT. (3) The Summary Jurisdiction of the Preetor g 355

_ § 2.—Procedure as Existing in Justinian’s Time, or as Reotoanized: by him : : 369

(1) The Formal wmactian a the Formulary Syste eye: (2) The Reconstruction of the System of Judicial Administration between the Time of Diocletian and Justinian inclusive . : : . PaaS: (3) The Progress of a Suir i in rarer s ‘Pane : : 380 PAR [ile THE CIVIL LAW FROM JUSTINIAN TO NAPOLEON I. CHAPTER I.

THE CIVIL LAW IN THE EAST. § 1.—In the Byzantine Empire . i : ; ; : avg? (1) The Period between the De ath of Justinian and the Accession of Basil, A.D. 565-867. : 393 (2) The Period between the Accession of Basil aad ihe Capture of Constantinople, A.D. 867-1453 5 397

(3) The Period between the Capture of Constantinople aa the Era of the Code Napoléon (say A.D. 1453-1800) 403 § 2,—In the Arab Dominions generally : : ‘ : ie 400

CHAPTER II.

THE CIVIL LAW IN THE WEST.

§ 1.—General Representation of the Progress of Roman Law from the Era of the Barbarian Codes to the Period of the

Middle-Age Universities . : : 5 Bev ALG § 2.—The Middle-Age Universities and the ei ace : : ; 422 § 3.—The Canon Law ° : » 426 § 4.—The Civil Law in Modern Seates previous to the Hieuel Revolution 434 (1) The Civil Law in France . : ‘ : ; Aad. (2) The Civil Lawin England . : : : 443 § 5.—Recent Codification on Principles of the Roman eee : : » 458 (1) Codification in Germany : : 458

(2) Codification in France and on the Continent of Europe, and in Egypt : : . 460 (3) Codification in the United States i ec ; 462 es ea ah

HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES. OF THE CIVIL LAW.