A history of the progenitors and some South Carolina descendants of Colonel Ann Hawkes Hay : with collateral genealogies, A. D. 500-1908

Front matter

Clihifi \s ItmilrJi tn

tl|i0 ta Number 6^

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PART I Carlp

HIGH presents to the reader a review of a section of the early history of Scotland, and introduces Colonel Hay’s Gaelic ancestors, whose names in this sketch are distinguished from other names by being marked with a star. The authorities from whose works these facts are extracted have been mentioned in the preface to this work.

The Scoto-Irish, a branch of the great Celtic family, are supposed to have crossed to Ireland from North Britain and settled in Ulster. The most powerful of its two tribes was the Cruithne.

About the year 250, Carmac, King of Ireland, sent his cousin. General *Cairbre-Riada, to quell disturbances among these kindred Gaelic clans, who conquered a territory of about thirty miles extent in northeast Ireland, which was granted to him by the king, and over its inhabitants his posterity ruled for several ages, giving to its natives the name of Dal-Riads.

A colony of the Dalriadic Celts, who were Christians, crossed over to Scotland, then inhabited by the Piets.

In the year 503, a second colony of the Dalriads (the first having been driven back to Ireland), under three brothers — Lorn, Feargus, and Angus — sons of *Erc, a descendant of Cairbre-Riada, settled in what is now Cantyre. From these brothers spring the Scoto-Irish, or Gaelic, kings of Scotland.

During the reign of Conal, fifth in line, his kinsman, St. Columba, with twelve disciples, crossed from Ireland and founded in the island of ‘T” the monastery of Iona, and thence made pilgrimages among the Piets, whom he Christianized, building monasteries as centres of religion.

I

The period between 503 and 836 was spent in struggles between the Scots, the Piets, and the Saxons of Northumberland, resulting finally in a conquest of the Piets (oppressed on the coast by the Nord Vikings), under their last king, Wred, by the Scots under *Kenneth, son of *Alpin, son of *Eocha IV. by his wife *Urgusia, daughter of a King of the Piets. *Kenneth Macalpin united the rival kingdoms of Piets and Scots, and transmitted the Celtic blood to his descendant * Malcolm Cawnmohr, who, by his marriage to the Saxon princess *Margaret, daughter of *Aedward the Aetheling, added the blood of *Aelfred the Great to the stem of sovereigns of Scotland and of England and of their posterity.

The following chronological table of the Scoto-Irish kings connects the three sons of Ere with Malcolm HI. In this line, and in the “Saga of Harald Haarfager,” the ancestors of Colonel Ann Hawkes Hay are distinguished from other names by being marked by an asterisk:

1. Lorn, *Fergus, and Angus reigned 503-506.

2. *Domangart, son of Fergus, 506-511.

3. Comgai, son of Domangart, 51 1-535.

4. *Gauran, son of Domangart, 535-557.

5. Conal, son of Comgai, 557-571.

6. *Aidan, son of Gauran, 571-605.

7. *Eocha-Bui, son of Aidan, 605-621.

8. Kenneth I., son of Eocha-Bui, 621-621.

9. Eerchar, son of Eogan, ist of race of Lorn, 621-637.

10. *Donald-Breac, son of Eochar-Bui, 637-642.

11. Conal II., grandson of Conal I.

12. Dongal, who reigned several years with Conal, 642-652.

13. Donal-Buin, son of Conal, 652-55.

14. Maol-Duin, son of Conal, 655-81.

15. Fercha-Fada, grandson of Fercha I., 681-702,

16 *Eochar II., son of Domangart, grandson of Donal-Breac, 702-705.

17. Ainbhcealach, son of Fercha-Fada, 705-706.

18. Silvach, son of Fercha-Fada, reigned over Lorn 706-729.

19. Duncha-Beg, reigned over Cantyre and Argail until 720, and over

20. *Eocha III., son of Eocha II., reigned over Lorn 720-729.

21. Muredach, son of Ainbhcealach, 733-736.

22. Eogan, son of Muredach, reigned over Lorn, 736-739,

23. *Aodh-Fin, son of Eocha III., reigned over Lorn 739-769.

24. Fergus, son of Aodh-Fin, reigned 769-772.

25. Selvach II., son of Eogan, 772-796.

26. *Eocha IV. (sometimes called Achaius), son of Aodh-Fin, married

*Urgusia of Ftirgusia, daughter of Fergus, King of the Piets, reigned from 796 to 826, 30 years.

27. Dungal, son of Selvach II., reigned from 826 to 833.

28 *Alpin, son of Eocha IV. (or Achaius) by his Pictish wife, the Princess Urgusia, succeeded to the throne of the Scots, and claimed the kingdom of the Piets A.D. 833. He had two sons : — Kenneth and Donald.

29. *Kenneth II., son of Alpin, known as Kenneth MacAlpin, reigned

from 836 to 843. The warlike Piets offered no great resistance, perhaps submitted without resistance, to his claim to the throne by virtue of descent from their Princess Urgusia. Thus was united the races which formed the elements of the picturesque Scotch Highlander, and thus was the blood of the Piets and Scots transmitted to the dynasty of Kenneth Macalpine, which continues as follows : —

He had two sons : — Constantine and Eth.

30. Donald, brother of Kenneth II., reigned from 859 to 863.

31. *Constantine , II., son of Kenneth Macalpin, was taken captive by

the Danes and beheaded in 878.

32. Eth, or Aodh, or Hugh, brother of Constantine II., reigned one

year and was slain by Grig in fight near Strathallan.

He left sons: — Constantine (from whom descended the royal family of Scotland, the Bruces, and the Baliols) and Doir, the Thane of Lochaber.

The Thanes of Lochaber, and the Great Stewards of Scotland also claim descent from Eth through Fleance, son of Banquo.

33. Grig, Gregory, or Cyric, now usurped the throne, and associated

with him Eocha, grandson of Kenneth M’Alpine by his daughter who had married Cu, British prince of Strath-Clyde.

In 893 Eocha died, and Donald, son of Constantine II, took Eocha’s place.

34 *Donald II., son of Constantine II., outlived Grig four years and was killed at Fores in a struggle to subdue the province of Moray. He transferred the seat of government from Fort- Teviot to Scone.

35. Constantine HI., son of Eth, succeeded, and after a long reign

retired to a monastary A.D. 943, and d. at St. Andrews 952.

36. *Malcolm I., son of Donald II., succeeded, and was slain by the

Moray men two miles from Fores.

He left three sons : — Duff, Kenneth, and Mogall, the father of Grim.

37. Indulph, son of Constantine, succeeded, and was the first King of

Scotland to take Edwinsburgh. He was slain by the Norsemen at Invercullen, A.D. 962, and left two sons: — Culin (Colin) and Eocha.

38. Duff, eldest son of Malcolm L, succeeded, but was opposed by

Culin, and was murdered at Fores by Donald, the Governor of Fores Castle, a partisan of Culin. Duffus Castle was the northern residence of Duff.

39. Culin succeeded and reigned four years, when he fell with his

brother Eocha, in a battle with the Britons of Strath-Clyde.

40. *Kenneth III., brother of Duff and son of Malcolm I., succeeded.

He married a daughter of William Long-Epee, Duke of Normandy, by whom he had children : — Malcolm, and Duncleda, who married Kenneth, Thane of Lochaber, and was the mother of Banquo.

He was assassinated by the Lady Fenella, daughter of Cruichne, Earl of Angus, who was the agent of disaffected claimants to the succession under the law of tanistry, which Kenneth abolished.

41. Constantine IV., son of Culin, usurped the throne, but was slain

in battle on the Almond River, in battle with Malcolm, son of Kenneth.

42. Grim, son of IMogall, nephew of Duff, usurped .the throne north

of Forth. He is sometimes called Kenneth M’Duff.

43. ^Malcolm II., son of Kenneth HI., succeeded on the death of

Grim. His reign was disturbed by Uchtred, son of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland. He was attacked when 80 years of age, near Glamis, by a ruffian band, and died three days after from loss of blood. He settled his dominions upon his grandson Duncan.

He had three daughters ; —

i. *Bethoc, or Beatrix, m. Crynan (or Grimus), Chief of Athol, lay-abbot of Dunkeld, and Abthane of the Western Isles, by whom a son Duncan.

ii. *Alice or Olith, m. Sigurd Lodvison, Earl of Orkney, and was great-grandmother of Hace, Earl of Orkney, whose daughter and heiress Margaret, Countess of Orkney, m. Madoch, Earl of Atholl, from whom descend the Scandinavian earls of Orkney, the St. Clairs, and Colonel Ann Hawkes Hay, who also descends from Bethoc.

iii. *Dovada, wife of Earl Einlath, and mother of M’Beth, is also said to have been a daughter of King Malcolm.

44. *Duncan, son of Bethoc by Crinan, grandson of Malcolm, suc-

ceeded to the throne. He had three sons :

i. *Malcolm, afterward King Malcolm Cawnmohr.

ii. *Donald Bane (vide Comyn, sec. vi., part ii.).

iii. *Melmare, Earl of Atholl, whose son Madoch, Earl of Atholl, m. his cousin Margaret, Countess of Orkney.

All of these children were ancestors of Colonel Hay. Duncan was slain by Macbeth, under the influence of his wife the Lady Gruach, the Lady Macbeth of Shakespeare, grandaughter of Kenneth IV., who by her first husband Gilcomgain had a son Lulach who d. 1058, leaving a line of claimants to the throne.

It is said, but not credited, that King Malcolm II. put to death M’Boede (son of Boede, son of Kenneth III.), brother of the Lady Gruach, and this caused the murder of King Duncan.

45. Macbeth, who slew King Duncan circa 1040, usurped the throne

in the name of his step-son’s rights, and reigned with great ability until 1058, when he was slain in battle by MacDuff, Thane of Fife, whose descendants were granted the privilege of crowning the subsequent Kings of Scotland.

46. *Malcolm III., surnamed Cawnmohr, son of Duncan I., now as-

cended the throne, and was one of Scotland’s greatest sovereigns. He married Margaret (called for her sanctity St. Margaret), sister of Aedgar the Aetheling, daughter of Aedward the Aetheling, lineal descendant of King Aelfred the Great, and by her Malcolm had sons: Alexander; Edgar; and David (successively kings) ; and a daughter Matilda m. King Henry I., of England.

The history of Scotland will now be resumed where it was interrupted by this genealogical digression.

Malcolm HI., surnamed Cawnmohr, reigned from 1058 to 1093. He m. 1st Ingebiorge dau. of the Northman, Earl Thorfinn, and had by her a son Duncan. The King married 2d Margaret, the beautiful and saintly sister of the Aetheling, at Dunfermline, “where the King in the ballad sits drinking his blood-red wine.”

*Gospatrick, kinsman of Malcolm, and descended from Crinan’s line, was Earl of Northumberland, but, engaging in an insurrection against William the Conquerer, took refuge in Scotland, A. D. 1068, and was granted by the king, the lands of Dunbar, and founded the house of Dunbar and March, so famous in later years for both good and evil.

*Waltheof, son of Earl Siward, by Elfleda, daughter of Earl Aldred, was made Earl of Northumberland by King William, and married Judith, the Conqueror’s niece, by whom he was later betrayed to her uncle, and William’s ill fortune has been dated from the cruel execution of Earl Waltheof, who, having been invited to engage in a rebellion against the Normans, refused, but, in loyalty to his friends, failed to expose the conspiracy.

On November 13, 1093, King Malcolm was slain near Alnwick while leading an army against Rufus, his son Edward falling with him. St. Margaret died broken-hearted at Edinburgh Castle and W'as laid to rest at Dunfermline.

His son Duncan had been carried as a hostage to England by William after a meeting with Malcolm at Abernethey on the Tay, and by Queen Margaret he left surviving children, Eadmund, Aethelred lay Abbot of Dunkeld, Aedagar, Alexander, and David later the First.

He left brothers Donald Bane (from whom in the female line descended the Red Comyn) and Melmare.

Donald Bane was made king by the Celtic element, was driven from the throne by his nephew Duncan, who was slain six months later by the men of ^loearn and their Mormaor, Alalpeter Macloen, and Donald Bane restored who ruled north of Forth while his nephew Aedmund ruled in Lothian, until with the aid of his maternal uncle, Aedgar the Aetheling, the younger brother Aedgar was placed upon the throne, who put out the eyes of his paternal unde Donald while his brother Aedmund died in an English cloister. With Donald Bane was ended the reign of the pure Celtic line in Scotland.

Aedgar reigned from 1097 to 1107. His sister Eadgyth, or Matilda, married "^Henry I. of England, bequeathing the blood of *Aelfred the Great to its successive sovereigns. Eadgar died 1107 and Alexander L, his brother, became King of the Scots, while *David became Earl of Lothian and Cumbria, residing for a lengthy period at his sister’s court in London.

Alexander I. was styled “The Fierce” for his retaliation on the Celts of Moray and Mearns, who attacked him at Invergowrie, hard by Dundee, and nearly took his life. After his victory against them at Spey, he founded the monastery of Scone, and its charters were attested by Heth of Moray, who married the daughter of Lulach, son of Gruach — The Lady Macbeth of Shakespeare — granddaughter of Kenneth IV. ; the descendants and pretended posterity of this marriage became a disturbing element to later reigns. Other witnesses to this charter were Madach of Athol,

THE FAAIILY OF HAY

*Malise Earl of Strathearn, Dufagan of Fife, Gratnach and Rory (of Angus, Buchan or Mar).

He was the first to introduce charters north of Forth, and the last Scottish king who relied mainly upon the old Celtic and Anglo- Norse element; his successor being educated at the English court, encouraged the Anglo-Normans to settle in North Scotland, deporting many of the Highland Scots into the lowlands to make room for the Southrons, no doubt causing them much suffering and distress.

Alexander was a resolute and astute Prince ; he married Sibylla, a daughter of Henry I., but died at Stirling 25 Apl. 1124, and was succeeded by his brother David.

With *David I. (1124-1153) Anglo-Norman and English influence was established in Scotland, for he had lived many years at his sister’s court in London, and was partial to the Norman and his customs. It has been shown that David was the youngest son of *Malcolm Cawnmohr by his wdfe the Saxon *Princess Margaret, daughter of Aedward the Aetheling, who while a refugee in Europe had married a Hungarian lady of rank. *David had married Matilda (or Maud), widow of Simon of St. Liz, heiress of Waltheof by his wife *Judith, niece of William the Conqueror, and thus brought Scotland the unfortunate claim upon Northumberland. On August 22, 1138, at Cowton Moor, near Northallerton, David and his chivalrous son *Prince Henry led the Scots in the Battle of The Standard, in which was present *Malise Earl of Strathearn. A graphic account of this battle has been given by Ailred, Abbot of Riveaux, who shows that in England Prince Henry was held in admiration.

While at Stephen’s court, Henry married Ada, youngest daughter of the *Earl of Warrene. He died 12 June 1152, before coming to the throne, and even the English chroniclers bewail him “as though he had been the Chevalier Bayard or Sir Philip Sidney of his age.” Henry left sons Malcolm b. 1142, William the Lion, and *David Earl of Huntington, whose births followed at intervals of about a year.

*King David I. died at Carlisle 24 May 1153, leaving a reputation for virtue, bravery, and benevolence ; he founded the lowland abbeys of Holyrood, Melrose, Jedburgh, Kelso, Dryburgh, and others, centres of letters and civilization, “and brought Scotland within the circle of European chivalry, manners, trade, and education.”

Malcolm IV., son of Prince Henry, was crowned at Scone at the age of eleven years. Henry II. of England took advantage of his youth by wresting from him Northumberland, a part of his grandmother’s dowry to her husband.

The quarrel was, however, temporarily made up, and Malcolm, called “The Maiden” on account of his great beauty, later accompanied Henry to Toulouse and was knighted at Tours, winning distinction by his bravery.

He was soon called upon to quell a rebellion of the Celts led by Somerled, Earl of Argyl, and Lord of the Isles, and, later, others led by the descendants of Lulach, step-son to MacBeath and son of his wife Gruach, granddaughter to Kenneth III., who left issue to contest the claims of the descendants of *Duncan, grandson of Malcolm II.

A daughter of Lulach had married Heth, Earl of the turbulent province of jMoray, and bore him sons Angus and Malcolm. These had led an insurrection against David L, when absent in England, but, at North Esk, were defeated by the Constable of Scotland and Angus slain. Malcolm had carried on a guerilla warfare with increasing forces and successes, and David had been forced to call to his aid his Norman friends under Walter Espec. Later Malcolm was betrayed to David and imprisoned at Roxburgh. It was a son of this Malcolm MacHeth by a sister of Somerled who was now disturbing the reign of Prince Henry’s son, Malcolm IV.

Galloway subdued and the Celts of The Isles defeated, Malcolm IV. died 1165, and was succeeded by his brother William.

William the Lion reigned from 1165 to 1214 — forty-eight years. He was a brave and in his early years a warlike Prince, but was captured while making an exhibition of rash valor at Alnwich, kept captive for many years by Henry II., who only released him after exacting his signature to “The Treaty of Falaise,” which placed Scotland in feudal subjection to England, the exactions of which treaty were generously annulled by Richard Coeur de Lion.

The Firebrand of William’s reign was Donald Bane, “pretendant” son of William, son of Duncan, son of *Malcolm Cawnmohr by his Norse wife Ingebiorg, daughter of *Earl Thorfinn.

Donald fell in battle near Inverness 1187, and his son was hanged in 1212.

Such Normans as William settled in Northern Scotland were succeeded by Celticized descendants.

William the Lion died 4 December 1214, after a long reign of great vicissitude, begun by a youthful show of rash valor at Ain, and terminated by practice of the cool diplomacy of age.

Alexander IL, son of William the Lion, succeeded and reigned from 1214 to 1249. He joined the English barons in their struggle with King John, who came north and burned Berwick. The accession of Henry III. to the English throne ended this war, Alexander doing homage for his English fiefs. In 1221, Alexander married the English princess, Joanna. He soon reduced the Celtic province of Argyll to a sherififdom, which had been in the hands of the Campbells of Loch Awe, of the house of MacArthur. He left, however, the race of Somerled as chief lords, who were to be later won over, as Clan Ranald, to the cause of Bruce, and who held the Isles and included Clan Donald, while the mainland of Ayr was under Clan Dougal.

During this reign the claimants having been beheaded, the claims of the MacWilliams and the MacHeths to the Scotch crown were ended. Joanna having died in 1238 without leaving him an heir to the throne, Alexander wedded Marie de Courci, to whom a son was born in 1241. The king died in 1249, Kerrera, during an efifort to subdue Argyll and make himself Lord of the Isles.

He had, in his reign, destroyed the blood of the “pretendants” to give place to strife among the great nobles destined to trouble his successors. He was succeeded by his son.

Alexander III. reigned from 1249 to 1286 — about thirty-seven years. He was knighted at York, on Christmas Day, 1251, by Henry III., and the day following married his daughter, the Princess Margaret of England. Then followed a coalition between Alan Durward and Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith, for custody of the royal children, and the government of Scotland, in which Henry took part and a regency was established. His minority ended in 1263, Alexander contended with Hakon, King of Norway, and Magnus, King of Man, for possession of The Isles, which were ceded in 1266 by Hakon, excepting Shetland and the Orkneys;

but the title of Lord of The Isles remained with the descendants of Somerled till the close of the fifteenth century.

Alexander did much to break the power of the Mkings in Scotch waters as allies to the Celts. Edward I. having ascended the English throne in 1272, Alexander did him homage for fiefs held in English territory, but refused to do homage for his own kingdom, which, he said, he held of God.

In 1281, his daughter ^largaret married Eric, King of Norway, and his eldest son married iMargaret of Flanders. Margaret of Norway died 1283, giving birth to a daughter, and her brother expired without issue. The succession to the throne now rested with this infant — The ^^laid of Norway — to whom it was secured by an assembly of the nobles and the estates of Scotland.

Alexander married again Yolet, daughter of the Count of Dru, but m.et his death one stormy night in 1286, his horse falling over a chit on the Fifeshire coast; he had refused to take shelter from the storm, he must reach wife and home that night.

The storm which caused the death of the King portended for Scotland a prolonged period of gloom. On her political horizon are gathering lurid clouds, destined to rain blood over her lands now fair and smiling with peace, and soon the rising flood shall sweep to destruction brave lives and strong castles, leaving desolation in its wake; while southern blasts will hurl army after army of the Anglo-Norman over the border to harry a country weakened by internecine strife, yet uniting to resist the claims of English sovereigns whose ambition had persuaded them to regard free and independent Scotland as a fief. At the close of this now impending struggle, the dispensation of an over-ruling Providence will give the stronger kingdom to be governed by a king of the weaker northern nation, foreordaining that James VI. of Scotland and James I. of England shall be one and the same.

On the death of Alexander III., Scotland’s sovereign was a girl, but three years old, in distant Norway.

Six custodians of the realm were appointed in 1286 to govern the kingdom, viz.: Fraser, Bishop of St. Andrews; the Earl of Fife; Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan; John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch; Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow; and James the Steward.

Six months later, at “Turnberry Castle,” in Carrick, the following nobles “banded” to support each other “save against their

II

'fealty to the King of England, and the person who shall obtain the ’Scottish throne being of the blood of Alexander HI. and according to the ancient custom of Scotland” :

Patrick, Earl of Dunbar and his sons; Walter Stewart, Earl of Menteith ; *Bruce, Earl of Annandale and his son ^Robert, Earl of Carrick; James the Steward of Scotland, son-in-law of the Earl of Dunbar; Angus Mohr Macdonald of the Isles, and Alexander his son; Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster; and Thomas de Clare, brother of the Earl of Gloucester, and nephew to the wife of Bruce; this pointed to the later claims of Bruce.

In 1289 Scotland was on the eve of civil war, which was the opportunity of Edward L, who arranged with the Pope and Eric of Norway for a marriage between the Prince Edward and The Maid of Norway. A treaty of marriage was accepted by Scotland, and the young queen sailed in a Norwegian vessel for the Orkneys, where she died in September, 1290.

John Baliol and his partisans were soon in arms asserting his claim to the throne, resisted by the counter claim of *Robert Bruce, Earl of Annandale.

These claims and those of others are contained in the following table:

*Prince Henry of Scotland, who died before his father King David I., by his wife the Lady Adeline, daughter of William, Earl of Warren and Surrey, left three sons: —

i. Malcolm, who succeeded his father to the throne.

ii. William the Lion, who succeeded his brother to the throne.

iii. *David, Earl of Huntingdon in England, who m. Maud, the youngest

daughter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester, and had by her a son and four daughters : —

i. John, surnamed “Le Scot,” Earl of Chester d. s. p.

ii. Margaret m. Alan, Lord of Galloway, and had two daughters.

i. Divorgal m. John of Baliol, and had children.

i. John, the present claimant to the throne.

ii. Ada m. Sir William de Lindsay, and had a daughter, Chris-

tiana, wife of Ingelram, Sire de Courcy.

ii. Marjory m. John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, descended from

King Donald Bane ; and had a son.

i. John, styled “The Red Comyn.”

lii. *Isabel m. Robert de Brus, and had a son.

i. *Robert, Earl of Annandale, competitor with Baliol.

IV. Maud, d. s.

V. Ada m. Henry of Hastings, and had a son.

i. Henry of Hastings, whose son or grandson John, 2d. Bar* Hastings was a competitor for the crown.

Xow is made the celebrated protest of the seven earls against the conduct of Fraser, Bishop of St. Andrews, and John Comyn, who have espoused the cause of Baliol.

The friends of Bruce, the elder, place themselves under the protection of King Edward I., asserting Bruce’s claim to thethrone as grandson of David (Baliol was a great-grandson), and also as the choice of Alexander II. when childless in 1233, a. choice ratified by a council of nobles.

The well-known events now follow where Edward as Lord Paramount declares in favor of John Baliol (which would seem a fair decision), to become a mere puppet to the English king, who probably before rendering a decision had weighed the characters of the rivals.

At length Edward's humiliating demands upon John Baliol drove him to the assertion of Scotland's independence.

Edward led an army against Scotland, and besieged Berwick, defended — but in vain — by * William Douglas, a name which becoming prominent for the first time in Scottish history, is destined to play an important part, and wield powerful influence, for many generations to come.

In a brief period, Edward, having crossed the border, is master of all the strong castles, and receives the submission of the nobles. King John is forced to resign his crown and is imprisoned in the Tower of London, but eventually is permitted to retire to France to his Xorman estates. "^Bruce has joined the crowd of Anglo-X'orman nobles to give in their submission to Edward. Proud Scotland lies prostrate at the feet of the greatest of the Plantagenets, who, having penetrated as far north as Elgin, in 1296 retired south from Berwick, leaving Cressingham as Treasurer, Warren Earl of Surrey, Guardian ; and Ormsby, Justiciar of Scotland.

YTo now dare stand forth and strike a blow in the cause of Scottish rights and liberties ! !

“The Wallaces had come north with the Fitz Alans, and theyounger son of Sir Malcolm Wallace of Elderslie in Renfrewshire-

THE FAMILY OF HAY.

was not a man to endure insult, and it is said at Lanark his wife had been killed in a brutal manner by the English.”

A lion was then aroused, and Wallace slew the English sheriff Hazelrig, responding to the call of Wishart and the Steward to lead the Celts in an effort to drive out the hated English. It was a revolt of “the people.” Edward was on the continent and the Scots’ rising spread. On ii Sept. 1297, Wallace, at the head of 40,000 men, fought a battle at Stirling Bridge, in which the English were defeated with great slaughter, Cressingham slain, and Warren driven to Berwick.

For the ensuing seven years followed a struggle between Scotland and Edward, in which was much changing of sides by the nobles, but throughout it all Sir William Wallace was inflexible. In this interval was fought the Battle of Falkirk, 22 July 1298. Stirling Castle, bravely defended by Sir William Oliphant, fell in 1304, and Wallace, a fugitive, was finally taken near Glasgow, it is said, through the treachery of the second son of Walter Stewart, Sir John Menteith.

Wallace was beheaded, drawn, and quartered, 23 August, 1305, and his limbs exposed at Berwick, New Castle, Stirling, and Perth, but his name had been written imperishable in Scotland’s history, in romance, and in tradition, to shine with undimmed lustre through all time to come, as that of an uncompromising martyr to love of country and victim to English tyranny.

*Robert Bruce the Younger held many English estates in possession, for which he owed fealty to the English sovereign.

He was, likewise. Lord of Annandale and Earl of Carrick, estates that lay in Southwest Scotland. The following tables show that flowing in his veins was the blood of a long line of Norman ancestors, mingled with that of the Gael, the Saxon, and the Dane, by virtue of descent from Kenneth Macalpin, Aelfred the Great, Earl Siwald, and William the Conqueror by Matilda of Flanders, whose lineage later will be traced to Henry the Great Prince of Saxony, and the Emperor Charlemagne.

I. *Sir Robert de Brus, a noble Norman, accompanied William the Conqiierer to England and acquired ninety-four lordships in the county of York alone. He married as his second wife Agnes Anand, a great Scotch heiress, by whom he obtained the Lordship of Annandale.

2. *Robert de Brus, their son, married and left issue: —

3. *\Villiam de Brus, who married and left a son : —

4. *Robert de Brus, who married the Lady Isabel, dau. of Prince

David, Earl of Huntingdon by his wife Maud, dau. of Hugh, Earl of Chester. David, Earl of Huntingdon, was grandson of King Malcolm Cawnmohr and the Saxon Princess Margaret, dau. of Aedward the Aetheling, in direct line of descent from Aelfred the Great; David was descended from Kenneth Macalpin and the Scoto-Celtic kings. They had a son : —