The history of New Jersey, from its discovery by Europeans, to the adoption of the federal Constitution

Front matter

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THE

/^HISTORY

Preface

An attempt has been made in the following pages to narrate, succinctly, but fully, the history of New Jersey, from the time of its discovery by Europeans, to that of the adoption of the constitution of the United States. By the latter event, the individuality of the State, as a historical subject, is merged in the history of the nation ; and the subsequent period of unvaried political prosperity, within her borders, presents few matters for the historian.

The story we have told, has, for the inhabitants of the State, the interest of their peculiar and proper affairs; but, like such affairs, may not prove attractive to strangers. Like Pennsylvania, this State was founded by deeds of peace; and no community, in any country, can have undergone less vicissitude. Her prudence and justice preserved her from Indian hostility, and her distance from the frontier protected her from the inroads of the French. She has known, therefore, no wars, save those commanded by the king, or undertaken in defence of her own civil liberty. To pourtray the part, which, as a colony, she took in the one, and as an independent State, in the other, it has been necessary to treat of the general colonial and revolutionary history; yet no further than was indispensable to exhibit the action of New Jersey.

In the compilation of the work, resort has been had to all the known histories of the Anglo-American colonies, to the best writers on the American revolution, and to the minutes of the legislature and the statutes, for a period of more than one hundred and twenty years. From these sources, it is believed, that a faithful and ample narrative has been obtained. More particulars of the horrors which attended the ‘revolutionary war, especially of those which were inflicted by furious tory partisans, might, perhaps, have been added, if full reliance were due to the partial newspaper accounts, frequently written under excitement unfavourable to truth. Yet, enough of these scenes has been described to display the nature and extent of the sufferings of the inhabitants; more would have served rather to disgust, than to entertain, the reader.

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PREFACE.

The author submits the result of his labours to the many subscribers by whom they have been encouraged, with an assurance of his readiness, in another edition, to supply such omissions, and to correct such errors, as may be discovered in the present.

Chapter I

Comprising Events from the Discovery by Europeans, to the Grant from Charles I. to James Duke of York. I. Ancient and Modern Principles of Colonization. II. Voyages of the Spaniards and Portuguese upon the East Coast of North America. III. Voyages of the Italians, Verrazano, and the Cabots. IV. First English Attempts at Discovery. V. Efforts of Raleigh to establish a Colony. VI. Gosnold opens a new Road — London and Plymouth Companies created. VII. Voyages and Discoveries of Hudson

VIII. Intercourse of the Dutch East India Company with America, and Formation of the Amsterdam Licensed Trading West India Company.

IX. Settlement of the Puritans at Plymouth. X. Formation of the Great West India Company in Holland. XI. Voyage and Proceedings of Cornelius Jacobse Mey. XII. Measures of the Company to promote Emigra tion ; Purchases of large Tracts of Land from the Indians. XIII. Voyages of DeVries; Colony planted — The Delaware abandoned by the Dutch.

XIV. Minisink Settlements on the Delaware. XV. Settlements of the Swedes on the Delaware — first Project of a Colony — first Colony — increase of Settlers. XVI. Colonial Government established — Colonel Printz first Governor. XVII. English Settlements upon the Delaware — prostrated by a united Force of Dutch and Swedes. XVIII. Swedish Government under Printz and his Successors. XIX. Swedish Colony subjected by the Dutch. XX. Dutch Colonial Government on the Delaware — Possessions on the East of New Jersey. XXL Account of the English Settlements upon the Delaware previous to 1664 — under Patent from Lord Baltimore — under Grant to Sir Edward Ploeyden — by Traders from New Haven. XXII. Plans of New England Settlers for Conquest of the Dutch Colonies. XXIII. Duke of York’s Charter from the Crown and Grant to Berkeley and Carteret. XXIV. Conquest of New Netherlands, by Colonel Nicholls. XXV. English Government established on the Delaware. XXVI. Condition of New Netherlands at the time of the Surrender

Chapter II

Comprising Events from the Grant to the Duke of York, to the Division of the Colony, into East and West Jersey. I. Nature of the Estate acquired by the Duke of York, by the Grant from Charles I. II. Motives and Nature of the Grant from the Duke of York, to Berkeley and Carteret. 111. Bounds of the Country ceded. IV. Proceedings of the Proprietaries, to settle their Province of New Jersey, &;c. — their Concessions. " V. Remarks on the Constitution. VI. Assumption of Government by Colonel Nicliolls — Indian Grants. VII. Philip Carteret appointed Governor — His Efforts for Colonization — Advantages enjoyed by the New Colonists. V 111. Unhappy Effects of the Demand of Proprietary Quit Rents. IX. Recapture of New Netherlands by Holland — and Restoration to the English.

X. Re-^rant of the Province to the Duke — Re-grant to Berkeley and Car-

teret. XL Return of Philip Carteret to the Government — Modification of the Constitution. XII. Oppressive Conduct of Andross, Governor of New York. XIII. Division of the Province into East and West Jersey . -

Chapter III

From the Division of the Province, into East and West Jersey, to the Purchase of East Jersey, by Quakers. I. Motives of the Quakers for Emigration.

II. Sale of Lord Berkeley, to Byll ingc and Fenwicke. III. Assignment of West Jersey to William Penn, and others in Trust, for the Creditors of Byllinge. IV. “ Concessions,” or Constitution of West Jersey. V. .Measures of the Proprietaries to promote Colonization. VI. Commissioners a

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VI appointed to Administer the Government of West Jersey — their Proceedings. VII. Increase of Emigrants — Success of their Efforts. VIII. Death of Sir George Carteret — Successful Efforts of the Colonists, to procure Relief from the Jurisdiction of New York. IX. Extraordinary Pretensions of By Hinge. X. Resisted by the Proprietaries, in General Assembly — Samuel Jennings elected Governor — Proceeds to England, as Deputy of the Assembly — The Right of Government, purchased by Doctor Daniel Coxe, and subsequently transferred to the West Jersey Society. XII. ’Meeting of the First Assembly — Proceedings. XIII. Modification of the Law, relating to Religious Faith. XIV. Death of Carteret — his Disposition of East Jersey. XV. Troubles at the Close of the Administration of Philip Carteret. XVI. Preview of the Policy of the Proprietary Governments. XVII. Comparison between the Laws of East and West Jersey

Chapter IV

From the Purchase of East Jersey, by the Quakers, to the Surrender of the two Provinces to the Crown, lGc‘2 — 170*2. I. Purchase of East Jersey by Penn and his Associates — They admit others, not Quakers, to participate in the Purchase. II. Robert Barclay appointed Governor for Life — Scotch Emigrants— Deputy Governors — Foundation of Amboy — Vain Efforts at Commerce. III. Efforts of James II. to destroy Colonial Charter — Defeated by the Revolution. IV. Andrew Hamilton, Deputy Governor — Death of Robert Barclay — Interregnum — Andreev Hamilton, Governor-in-Chief — Superseded by Jeremiah Basse — Reappointed — Discontent of the Colonists.

V. Attempt of New York to tax the Colony. VI. Proposition from the English Ministers for the Surrender of the Proprietary Governments — Negotiations relating thereto. VII. Final and Unconditional Surrender — Lord Cornbury appointed Governor — Outline of the New Government.

VIII. Stationary Condition of New Jersey — Causes thereof. IX. Condition of the Aborigines — Purchases of their Lands — Traditions of their Origin— Tribes most noted in New Jersey — Treaty at Crosswicks — at Burlington and Easton — Final Extinction of Indian Title to the Soil of New Jersey. X. Review of the Title under the Proprietaries of East Jersey. XI. Review of Title of Proprietaries of West Jersey. XII. Of the Partition Line between East and West Jersey .....

Chapter V

Comprising the Administration of Lord Cornbury. I. Arrival of Lord Cornbury — Demands a large and permanent Salary — being refused, dissolves the House. II. A new Assembly chosen — Part of its Members arbitrarily excluded — Measures of the Governor. III. Third Assembly convened — Determines to Petition the Queen, and to remonstrate with the Governor — Public Grievances — Delivery of the Remonstrance, by Samuel Jennings. IV. Reply of the Governor. V. Dispute on the Treasurer’s Accounts.

VI. The Governor refuses the Message of the Assembly, which they enter upon their Minutes. VII. The West Jersey Proprietors, in England, address a Memorial to the Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, against Cornbury — Address of the Lieutenant-Governor, and Provincial Council, to the Queen. VIII. The Governor unable to obtain the gratification of his wishes, by the Assembly, first prorogues, and then dissolves them.

IX. Offensive Conduct of Lord Cornbury, in his Government of New York — His Character. X. Is reluctantly removed by Queen Anne — Imprisoned by his Creditors .......

Chapter VI

Comprising Events from the Removal of Lord Cornbury to the Close of the Administration of Governor Hunter. 17(0 — 171!). I. Lord Cornbury succeeded by Lord Lovelace — 1 1 is Conciliatory Address to the Assembly. II. Ready disposition of the House to provide lor the Support of Government — Change in the Constitution of the Assembly — Assembly obtain a Copy of the Address ot the Lieutenant Governor and Council, to the Queen, in favour of Lord Cornbury — Demand a hearing for their Defence before the Governor. 111. Death of Lord Lovelace and Accession of Lieutenant Governor Ingoldsby. IV’. Promptitude ot the Province to aid in reducing the French Possessions in North America. V. Failure of the Expedition,

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VU anil renewed Efforts of the Colonists to revive it — Visit of the Chiefs of the Five Nations to England. VI. Capture of Port Royal, &c. by Colonel Nicholson and the American Forces. VII. Governor Ingoldsby removed — Government administered bv William Pinhorne as President of Council — succeeded by Governor Hunter. Vlil. Biographical Notice of Governor Hunter. IX. Meets the Assembly, which prefers Charges against Members of Council. X. Expulsion of a Member of the House lor his Conduct in Council — Address to the Queen. XI. Bills proposed for the Relief of the Quakers defeated by the Council. XII. New Efforts for the Conquest of the French Provinces — Unfortunate Result. XIII. Continued Quiet of the Province. XIV. Division of the Assembly. XV. Governor Hunter returns to Europe — Testimonials in his favour by New Jersey and New York — Exchanges his Commission with William Burnet tM

Chapter VII

Containing Events from the arrival of Governor Burnet, to the Death of Governor Morris, 1719 — 1746. I. Governor Burnet — Notice of his Character.

II. Meets the Assembly — Proceedings. III. Paper Currency — an Account of its Rise and Progress. IV. Bill proposed against denying the Trinity,

&c. V. Governor Bernard removed to Massachusetts. VI. Is succeeded by John Montgomery — His Administration. VII. Death of Colonel Montgomery, and Presidency of Colonel Lewis Morris — Arrival of Governor Cosby — Harmony of the Province during his Administration — II is Death.

VIII. Presidencies of John Anderson and John Hamilton, Esquires. IX.

Lewis Morris, Governor of the Province of New Jersey, it being separated from New York — Gratification of the Province. X. He ceases to meet the Council in Legislation. XI. Salaries of Officers. XII. Unpopular Conduct of Governor Morris. XIII. War with Spain — Aid required by Great Britain, from the Colonies — promptly afforded by New Jersey — Further disputes between the Governor and Assembly. XIV. Disingenuous Conduct of the Governor, relative to the Fee Bill. XV. Opposes the Views of the House, on the Bill relative to the Paper Currency — on that, circumscribing the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. XVI. Assembly refuse to provide for the Salaries of the Public Officers. XVII. Efforts at accommodation— defeated by the discovery of the duplicity' of the Governor —

Death of Governor Morris — John Hamilton, Esq., President. XVI II. Biographical Notice of Governor Morris. XIX. Application made by his Widow, for arrears of Salary — refused . . . . .99

Chapter VIII

Comprehending Events from the Death of Governor Morris to the Death of Governor Belcher — from 1746 to 1757. I. War with France — Proposal or Governor Shirley to attack the French Settlements at Cape Breton — New Jersey votes two thousand Pounds for the Service — Favourable result of the Expedition. II. Proposed attack on Canada — New Jersey Regiment raised and placed under the command of Colonel Philip Schuyler — March lor Albany — Threatened Mutiny. III. Plan of the proposed Campaign.

IV. Treaty of Peace. V. Death of President Hamilton — Devolveinent of the Government on President Reading — Arrival of Governor Belcher —

His -Character. VI. Vexations arising from the Elizabethtown Claims under Indian Grants — the Assembly disposed to palliate the Conduct ol the Rioters — Representation of the Council of Proprietors — their grievous Charge against the Members of Assembly', in a Petition to the King — the House transmits a counter Petition — Disingenuous Conduct of the House.

VII. Disputes relative to the *• Quota Bill. VIII. Hostile proceedings of the French in America. IX. Difference between the French and English, in their mode of cultivating Indian favour. X. Efforts of the French to occupy the English Lands. XI. Expedition of George Washington to Fort Venango. Nil. Measures of the English Government to resist French encroachments. XIII. Convention of the Colonies — Planof Union proposed by' Dr. Franklin — Condemned by New Jersey — Military Expedition of Lieutenant Colonel Washington — is captured by the French under De Villiers XIV. Extensive Military Preparations of Great Britain.

XV. Measures of New Jersey. XVI. Arrival of Major General Braddock.

XVII. Convention of Governors to determine the Plan of the Campaign. XVIII. Acquisitions in Nova tfcotia — Cruel Treatment of the Neutrals.

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XIX. New Jersey raises a Regiment for the Northern Expedition — Mr.

Philip Schuyler named Colonel. XX. March of General Braddock on the Western Expedition — Fastidiousness and Presumption of the General — -is attacked and defeated. XXI. Universal Consternation on this Defeat — Governor Belcher summons the Legislature — Inroads and Cruelties of the Indians — the Inhabitants of New Jersey give aid to those of Pennsylvania.

XXII. Success of the Northern Expedition. XXIII. Provision against the Attack of the French and Indians. XXIV. Plans proposed for the Campaign of 1756 — Exertions of the Colonies. XXV. War formally declared between Great Britain and France. XXVI. General Shirley removed from the supreme command — General Abercrombie, and, subsequently,

Lord Loudon appointed. XXVII. Suspension of Indian Hostilities. XXVIII. Sluggish Military Efforts of the English — Success of the French in the North — Capture of part of the Jersey Regiment, with Colonel Schuyler, at Oswego — Disastrous termination of the Campaign. XXIX. Renewal of Indian Barbarities. XXX. Military Requisitions of Lord Loudon— New Jersey refuses to raise more than live hundred Men. XXXI. Unsuccessful Attempt of Lord Loudon on Louisburg. XXXII. Success of Montcalm — New Jersey prepares to raise four thousand Men — the remainder of the Jersey Regiment captured by the Enemy. XXXIII. Death of Governor Belcher — Biographical Notice of. XXXIV. John Reading, President ......... 106

Chapter IX

Containing Events from the Presidency of Mr. Reading to the Repeal of the Stamp Act — from the year 1746 to the year 1766. I. Influence of Mr. Pitt and his Policy upon Colonial Affairs — New hopes infused into the Colonists. II. Successful Attack of the English upon the Northern Forts.

III. Capture of Fort Du Quesne by General Forbes. IV. Cheerful and ready aid of the Colonies. V. New Jersey supplies one thousand Men, and builds Barracks for the King's Troops. VI. President Reading superseded by the arrival of Governor Bernard — His Treaty with the Indians — Succeeded by Thomas Boone — He, by Josiah Hardy — He, by William Franklin, the last of the Royal Governors. VII. Efficient Preparations for the Campaign of 1759. VIII. Conquest of the French Colonies in North America. IX. Plonourable share of the Provincialists in this Result. X. Treat}7 of Peace with France and Spain. XI. New Confederacy and Hostilities of the Indians — Six hundred Troops raised by New Jersey.

XII. Impressions on the English Ministry, by the Wealth and Power displayed in America. XII I. Proposition of Mr. Grenville to tax the Colonies. XIV. Consideration of the Principles relating to Colonial Taxation.

XV. Mr. Grenville communicates his purpose to the Colonial Agents in London. XVI. Views taken by Colonies of this Proposition. XVII. Propositions by several of the Colonies to raise Money, rejected by Mr. Grenville. XVIII. Act of Parliament for Tax on Colonial Imports and Exports.

XIX. Effect of the Measures in America — Proceedings of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. XX. Stamp Act passed — Its reception in the Colonies.

XXI. Temporary Suspension of Legal Proceedings and of the publication of Newspapers. XXII. Anti-Importation Associations. XXII I. Organization of the “Sons of Li hr: ty." XXIV. Proposition of Massachusetts for ^assembling a Congress of Deputies from the Colonies — Action of New Jersey on this Proposition. XXV. Proceedings of the Congress — Messrs. Ruggles of Massachusetts, and Ogden of New Jersey, refuse to join in a general Petition. XXVI. The Assembly of New Jersey approve the Proceedings of Congress — adopts Resolutions condemnatory of the Stamp Act. XXVII. Efforts in England for Repeal of the Stamp Act. XXIX. Inquiry before the House of Commons — Repeal of the Stamp Act . . 129

Chapter X

Comprising Events from 1766 to 1769. I Remaining Discontents in the Colonies, after the Repeal of the Stamp Act. II. Dissatisfaction in Great Britain on account of the Repeal — American Taxation again proposed in Parliament, by Mr. Townsend — Rill imposing Duties on Goods imported into America, passed. IV. Circular Letter of Massachusetts to the other Colonies. V. Promptitude and Unanimity of the Colonies produced bv the Farmers’ Letters. VI. Resort to Non-importation Agreements. VII.

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The Ministry condemn the Circular Letter. VIII. Menacing Resolutions of Parliament against Massachusetts — The other Colonies approve her Conduct. IX. Modified Repeal of the Imposts — Consequent Modification of the Non-importation Agreements. X. Numerous Law Suits — The People complain of the Fees of the Courts. XI. Disputes between the Governor and the Assembly. XII. Robbery of the Treasury of East Jersey —

The Assembly require the removal of the Treasurer — He is protected bv the Governor. XIII. Efforts of Governor Franklin to encourage the Culture of Hemp, Flax, and Silk. XIV. New apportionment of Members in the Province. XV. Testimonial of the Northern Indians to the Justice of the Colony . . . . . . ]44

• CHAPTER XI.

Comprising Events from the year 1773 to 1776. I. Committees of 'Correspondence established in the several Colonies. II. The British Ministry encourage the shipment of Teas to America, by the East India Company.

III. Alarm of the Colonists — Consignees of the India Company compelled to forego their appointments. IV. Measures pursued in New Jersey. V. Reception of the Tea in America. VI. Indignation of the King and Parliament. VII. Violent measures adopted against Boston. VIII. Alarming Act of Parliament, relative to the Provincial Government of Canada.

IX. Proceedings of the Inhabitants of Boston — General Commiseration of their Fate. X. New Jersey appoints Members to Congress. XI. Congress assemble at Philadelphia — Their proceedings. XII. The Assembly of New Jersey approve the proceedings of Congress, and appoint Delegates to the next Convention — Instructions. XIII. The Provincial Governors instructed to impede the Union of the Colonies — Efforts of Governor Franklin. XIV. Reply of the House. XV. Rejoinder of the Governor— Address of the Council. XVI. The Assembly petition the King.

XVII. Reception of the proceedings of Congress in London. XVII L Proceedings of Parliament — Conciliatory Propositions of Lord North.

XIX. Sense of New Jersey upon this Proposition. XX. State of the Dispute with England. XXI. Second New Jersey Convention called — Encourages Political Associations — Organizes the Militia, and provides Funds.

XXII. Meeting of Congress at Philadelphia — Its Measures. XXIII. Appointment of Commander-in-Chief and subordinate Generals. XXIV. Congress again petition the King — Ungracious reception of the petition.

XXV. Address their fellow-subjects of Ireland, &c. XXVI, New Jersey Convention re-assembles — Proceedings — Provision for the continuance of a Provincial Congress — Committee of Safety appointed. XXVII. Meeting of the Assembly — Address of Governor Franklin — He claims assurance of protection for himself and others, the King’s Officers. XXVIII. Reply of the Assembly. XXIX. Act authorizing the issue of Bills of Credit, -for £100,000, approved by, the King . . . . . 153

Chapter XII

Comprising Civil Events of the year 1776. I. State of the Public Opinion at the commencement of the year 1776 — Gradual growth of the desire of Independence. II. Resolution of Congress for the establishment of Independent Colonial Governments. III. Provincial Congress re-assembles — Proceeds to the Formation of a Colonial Constitution. IV. Review ot the Constitution. V. Oath of Abjuration and Allegiance established. VI.

Tories — their motives. VII. Law relative to Treason. VIII. Imprisonment and Relegation of Governor Franklin. IX. Measures adopted against the Disaffected. X. Adoption of the Declaration of Independence .......... ITS

Chapter XIII

I. Military Proceedings in Canada. II. Measures adopted in Great Britain.

III. Objects proposed for the Campaign of 1776. IV. Operations against New York, and the surrounding Country. V. Proposals for accommodation, by the British Commissioners. VI. Condition of the American Forces, at New York — Landing of Lord Howe, on Long Island. V' LI.

Battle of Brooklyn. VIII. Retreat of the American Army from Long

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Island. IX. Unhappy Effect of the Defeat of the American Army. X.

Lord Howe renews his Attempts for accommodation of the Quarrel — Proceedings of Congress. XI. Military Movement of the Armies, after the Battle of Brooklyn. XII. American Army, by advice of General Lee, quit York Island. XIII. Battle of White Plains. X1Y\ Capture of Fort Washington. XV. Abandonment of Fort Lee, and retreat of the American Army — Its condition — Inhabitants join the British. XVI. Washington crosses the Delaware — The enemy possess themselves of the left bank.

XVII. Capture of General Lee. XVIII. New efforts of the Commander-in-Chief — The enemy retire into Winter Quarters. XIX. Battle of Trenton. XX. The British re-open the Campaign. XXI. The American Army re-enters Jersey. XXII. Battle of Princeton. XXIII. The American Army retreat to Morristown — Beneficial results of the late actions. XXIV. Firmness of Congress. XXV. Condition of New Jersey.

XXVI. The American Army inoculated for the Small Pox. XXVII. Measures for reclaiming the disaffected of New Jersey. XXVIII. License of American Troops — restrained ...... 203

Chapter XIV

I. Organization of the New Jersey State Government. II. First Address of the Governor — Other principal Officers. III. Condition of the State at this period. IV. State of the Northern Department — Operations on the Lakes. V. The British seize Rhode Island. VI. Demonstration of General Heath, on Long Island — Condition of the American Army, in New Jersey — Skirmishing. VII. Early efforts of Sir William Howe, to destroy the American Magazines — Stores burned at Peck’s-kill — at Danbury.

VIII. Successful enterprise of Colonel Meigs, against Sagg Harbour.

IX. Movements of General Washington, on opening the Campaign — Removal of the Army to Middlebrook — Disposition of the Troops. X. Operations of the Army under General Howe — Feint to cross the Delaware — Retreat from New Jersey — Returns, and attacks the American Army.

XI. Perplexity of Washington, caused by the Movements of the British Forces. XII. Capture of Major-general Prescott, by Major Barton. XIII, General Howe embarks for the southward — Measures of Washington thereon. XIV. Attempt of General Sullivan, with Colonel Ogden, upon the Tories on Staten Island. XV. Arrival of the British Army at Elk River — its Progress — Operations of the American Army — Battle of Brandywine. XVI. Subsequent movement of the Armies. XVII. Second encounter of the hostile Armies — they are separated by rain. XVIII. Affairs of Paoli. XIX. The British enter Philadelphia. XX. Congress remove to Lancaster, thence to York. XXI. Attack and defence of the Fortifications on the Delaware. XXII. Battle of Germantown. XXIII. Operations in New Jersey. XXIV. Further proceedings on the Delaware.

XXY\ Repulse of Count Donop, from Fort Mercer. XXYT. General Greene despatched to New Jersey. XXYTI. Capture of Fort Mifflin, and abandonment of Fort Mercer. XXY'lll. Attempt of General Dickenson on Staten Island. XXIX. American Army reinforced. XXX. Attacked at White Marsh, by the British. XXXI. The American Army retires into YVinter Quarters. XXXll. English plans for the Northern Campaign. XXXIII. Condition of the American Northern Department. XXXIV. Burgoyne captures the Forts on the Lakes, and disperses the American Army. XXXV. Recuperative measures of General Schuyler. XXXVI. Repulse of St. Leger. from Fort Schuyler. XXXVII. Defeat of Colonel Baum, at Bennington. XXXYTI1. Beneficial result of these fortunate Events. XXXIX. Battles on the Hudson, and Capture of Burgoyne. XL. Movements of Srr Henry Clinton, in the Highlands.

XL1. Effect of the Capture of Burgoyne — at home and abroad. XL1I. Congress refuse to execute the Articles of Capitulation — their reasons . 235

Chapter XV

Campaign of 177S. I. Condition of the Army at the Valley Forge and at the commencement of the Campaign. II. British foraging excursions in New Jersey. 111. Fortunate escape of an advance party under La Fayette. IV. I ] fleet of the American successes abroad — Efforts of American Agents. \\ Measures for Foreign Alliances — Duplicity of France — Treaties with

XI her. VI. War between Great Britain and France. VII. Opinions in Great Britain — Ministerial measures. VIII. Reception of those measures in America. IX. Arrival of a French Minister Plenipotentiary. X. The British Armv evacuates Philadelphia — March through Jersey. XI. Battle of Monmouth — British Army regains New York. XII. Arrival of the French Fleet — proceeds to Rhode Island. XIII. Attempt on Newport — Appearance of the English Fleet — French and English Fleets put to Sea — dispersed by Storm. XIV. British Incursions in Connecticut. XV. Disposition of the American Army. XVI. British Incursions into New Jersey. XVII. Movements of the adverse Fleets — Detachment against the Southern States. XVIII. American Army retires to winter quarters — Its improved condition. XIX. Indian devastations — Massacre at Wyoming. XX. Operations against the Indians. XXI. Discontent in the Jersey line. XXII. March of General Sullivan to the Indian gountrv —

Events there. XXIII. Expedition under Colonel Broadhead by the Allegheny River. XXIV. Expedition against the Cherokees under General Pickens. XXV. Unprovoked Slaughter of the Indians at Muskingum . 2ti‘,i

Chapter XVI

Comprising a View of the War in the South. I. Inert state of the Country in 1779. II. The British Government adopts views of partial Conquest.

III. Georgia overrun — and Charleston threatened — Unsuccessful Siege of Savannah. IV7. Sir Henry Clinton subdues South Carolina. V. His measures induce Revolt. VI. General Gates assumes command of the Southern Army — Battle of Camden. VII. Battle of King's Mountain.

VIII. Cornwallis reinforced. IX. General Greene appointed to the Southern Department — Battle of the Cowpens — Retreat to Virginia.

X. Cornwallis retires, is pursued — Battle of Guilford Court House. XI. Cornwallis marches for Petersburg — Greene for South Carolina — Expedition of Arnold against Virginia — Preparations against him — Defence of Virginia entrusted to La Fayette — Cornwallis takes command of the British Forces in Virginia. XII. Progress of Greene in recovering the Southern States. XIII. Sufferings of the Inhabitants .... 2b5

Chapter XVII

I. Condition of the Armies in the North. II. British Expedition against the Forts on the North River. III. Expedition under Tryon, against Connecticut. IV. Capture of Stony Point, by Wayne. V. Attack of the British Post, on Penobscot river. — VI. Major Lee assaults Paules Hook.

VII. Effects -of the System of Paper Currency. VIII. Spain declares War against England. IX. Prospects of the Campaign of 1760. X. The American Army retires into winter quarters. XI. Marauding Parties of the Enemy in New Jersey. XII. The Army at Morristown supplied by forced levies of Provisions. XIII. Washington attempts the British Post at Staten Island XIV. Difficulties arising from the want of political power in Congress. XV. Discontents of the Army — Mutiny of the Connecticut troops. XVI. Knyphausen invades New Jersey — Murder of Mr*. Caldwell, and of her Husband. XVII. Battle of Springfield. —

XV III. La Fayette returns to the United States. XIX. Renewed efforts for the Defence of the Country. XX. Arrival of the French Fleet and Army — Plans consequent thereon. XXI. Treason of Arnold. XXII. American Army retires into winter quarters. XXIII. European combinations against Great Britain. XXIV7. Revolt of the Pennsylvania line — of the Jersey line — Discontent of the Inhabitants of New Jersey. XXV. Gloomy Prospect for the year 1761. XXVI. Combined Operations of the French Fleet and Allied Armies, ao-ainst Cornwallis — His Capture. — XXVII. New London taken and burned by Arnold. XXVIII. Condition of the Country for tho Campaign of 176*2 — Resolutions of the British Parliament in favour of Peace. XXIX. Malignity of the Tories — Murder of Captain Muddy. XXX. Cessation of Hostilities — Treaty of Peace. XXXI. Disbanding of the Army. XXXll. Public Entry of Washington to New York — takes leave of his Olliccrs — Surrenders his Commission to Congress ........ ~91

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Chapter XVIII

I. Peculiar sufferings of the State of New Jersey from the War. II. Laws in New Jersey relative to the Militia. III. Council of Safety. IV. Military efforts of New Jersey. V. State Representatives in Congress. VI. Establishment of the New Jersey Gazette. VII. Unhappy Condition of the States after the return of Peace. VIII. Inefficiency of the Articles of Confederation — Part of New Jersey in their Adoption. IX. Measures proposed in Congress for maintaining Public Credit — Efforts of New Jersey upon this subject. X. She resorts to Paper Currency and Loan Office for Relief. XI. Difficulties with Great Britain relative to the Execution of the Treaty. XII. Measures for regulating the Trade of the Union — Result in a Proposition for Revision of the Articles of Confederation. XIII. Adoption of the New Constitution — Ratified by New Jersey . . 320