Front matter
^he Continental Leg'al History Series
IX
A History of French Public Law
CHAPTER I THE ROMAN EPOCH Topic 1. The Empire I'AGK PAGB
§ 28.
The Conquest of Gaul .
§ 33. Officialdom (" Function-
§ 29.
The Roman Empire . .
arism "), Separation
§ 30.
The Central Power . .
of Powers and the
§31.
The Later Empire . .
§ 32.
The Representatives of
the Central Power . .
Topic 2. Justice,
Army, Finances
§34.
§ 35.
Military Institutions . .
§ 39. The Later Empire . .
8 36
8 37 50/.
The Province
§42.
§ 43. Provincial Assemblies .
The City
The Municipal Régime .
8 4^
The City or "Munici-
§47. Decadence of the Municipal Régime ....
Topic 5. Status of Persons
§ 48.
Class Systems ....
§ 52. The " Colonat." Status
Functionaries ....
of the " Coloni " . .
is 50
The Senatorial Class
§ 53. How One Became a
§ 51.
Associations of Laborers
" Colonus," and how
(A) Under the Later
Pie Ceased to be One .
Empire ....
§ 54. Origin of the " Colonat "
L.\ND Ownj;rship
§ 56.
Roman Theory ....
§ 59. The " Emphytéose " . .
§ 57.
§ 58.
Mode of Exploitation
7. Conclusion
§61.
The Decadence of the
§ 62. The Potens and the Pa-
trocinia Vicorum . .
xviii
Chapter II
THE PRANKISH OR BARBARIAN EPOCH. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
Topic 1. The Frankish Monaiu hy
§ 63. Introductory Remarks 1
§64. § 65. § 66. § 67.
§ 68. § 69.
PAGE
Establishment of the Barbarians in Roman Gaul ... 61
2. Immediate Conse-
quences of the Invasion. Were the Roman Gauls Reduced to a State of Slavery? .... 62
3. Were the Roman
Gauls Dispossessed
of their Lands? . Ii2
4. Inequality of the
" Wergeld "... (i;^
5. Public Taxes . . . 6:5 The Prankish Monarchy 6;5 The German Chief . . 64 Personal Power . . . 65 The King's Peace and the
Royal " Mundium " 66 The King's Ban ... 68 The Successor of the Roman Emperors . . 68
§ 70. The Oath of Fidelity
§ 71. The Elect of the Church The Anointing and the Coronation . . .
§ 72. Kings by the Grace of God ."
§ 73. Change of Dynasties, Substitution of the Carolingians for the Merovingians . . .
§ 74. Temporal Power of the Popes. Pepin Defendeiof the Holy See . . .
§ 75. The Reëstablishment of the Western Empire .
§ 7(). Consequences . . . .
§ 77. Universal Monarchy and Christendom . . . .
§78. The Papacy and the Empire
§ 79. The Elective Principle and the Capetians . .
l-A(iH
70 71
75 76
§ 80. The Nation. Popular Assemblies. The March Encampments ("Champs de Mai's") and the May Encampments (" Champs de Mai")
The Nation § 81.
§ 82.
Assemblies of the Notables. C a r o 1 i n g i a n
Courts 80
The Legislative Power of the King 81
Topic 3. The Central Administration
§ 83. The Court
§88.
The Administration of
§84. The " Antrustions" . .
the Domain ....
§ 85. The Mayor of the Palace
§ 89.
The Personal Service of
§ 86. The Counts Palatine . .
§ 87. The Royal Chancellery .
§ 90.
The Council of the King
XIX
Topic 4. Provincial Administration
§ 91. Functionaries according
to the Salic Law . . 87
§ 92. The Public Function . 88
§ 93. The " Pagus " or County 90
§ 94. The Count 90
§ 95. Subordinates of the
Count 92
§ 95 A. The Viscount ... 93
§ 96. The Merovingian Dukes 93
§ 97. The Hundred . . . . § 98. The Centurion or Provost § 99. The " Missi Dominici " .
(2) Organization under
the Carolingians .
(3) Powers
(4) Decadence of the In-
stitution . . .
Topic 5. Military Organization § 100. The Armed Forces
PAGE
94 95 95 95
96 96
§ 101.
§ 102.
§ 103. § 104.
Finances among Germans . . .
Persistence of Roman
Taxes 100
§ 103. Indirect Taxes ... 100 Corvées, Lodgement, Subsistence .... 101
Topic 6. Finances the
§ 105. Germanic Institutions . § 106. The Domain of the
King
§ 107. The Right of Coinage . § 108. Feudalization of Taxation
102 103
Topic 7. Justice. Judicial Organization and Procedure a. judicial organization
§ 109.
Classes of Tribunals
(B) The Tribunal of
§ 110.
Popular Justice . . .
the King . . .
§ in.
The " Rachimbourgs " .
§ 113.
The Jurisdiction of the
§ 112.
Royal Justice ....
King's Court . . .
(A) Ordinary ■ Juris-
(A) Original Jurisdic-
dictions : the
tion ....
Count and the
(B) Appellate Juris-
Centurion . .
diction . . .
B.
procedure
§ 114.
The Régime of Private
(B) System of Nega-
Vengeance and of
tive Proofs . .
Composition . . .
§ 117.
The Carolingian In-
§ 115.
Primitive Procedure quest
(A) Extra Judicial
§ 118.
The Purgatory Oath
Procedure . .
§ 119.
Judicial Trials or Or-
(B) Judicial Proced-
§ 120.
The Judicial Combat .
§ 116.
Proof
(A) Written Testi-
mony ....
XX
Chapter III
THE PRANKISH OR BARBARIAN EPOCH. ORIGINS OF THE FEUDAL REGIME
Topic 1. Immunity
§ 121.
Roman Immunity . .
PAGE
§ 123.
Patrimonial Courts . .
PAOE
§ 122.
Frankish Immunity
§ 124.
Causes which produced
1. Negative Effects . .
the Immunity . . .
2. Positive Effects . .
Status of Persons
§ 125.
§ 132.
How One Became a Vas-
§ 126.
§ 127.
Negro Sla^very in the
§ 133.
Obligations of Vassals
§ 134.
Duties of the Seignior .
§ 128.
The Emancipated Class
§ 135.
Was the Vassal Subject
§ 129.
The Agricultural Class
1.36
to the Ordinary Obli-
1. The Dues ....
gations which Free
2. Services
Men Owed the State ?
§ 130.
The " Lites " or " Lides "
§ 136.
Origin and Develop-
§ 131.
Seigniorage and Vassal-
ment of Vassalage
Status of
Lands
§ 137.
§ 142.
How the Benefice Was
§ 138.
Tenancy at Will (Précairé)
§ 143.
Obligations of the Re-
A. Constitution . . .
cipient of a Benefice
B. Effects
§ 144.
Rights of the Recipient
§ 139.
The Benefice ....
of a Benefice . . .
§ 140.
Donations of the French
§ 145.
How Did the Benefices
Become Hereditary?
§ 141.
The Origin of the Mili-
§ 146.
Heredity of Offices . .
tary Benefice . . .
Chapter IV
THE CHURCH UNDER THE "ANCIEN REGIME." (THE FRANKISH, FEUDAL, AND MONARCHICAL EPOCHS)
Topic 1. Constitution of the Christian Church
§ 147. Political Evolution of
the Church .... 152
§ 148. The Catholic Mon
archy 154
§ 149. The Reformation . . 155
'J'opic 2. The Clergy
§ 150. The Central Government of the Church . 156 § 151. Œcumeiiical Councils . lôG § 152. Bishops, jNIetropolitaiis,
and Primates . . . 157
§153. Episcopal Pjlection s . . 157
§ 154. Powers of the Bishops . 159
§ 155. The Diocesan Clergy .
§ 15(j. The " Chorepiscopus " .
§ 157. The Clergy in General .
§ 158. Personal Immunity. .
§ 159. Appendix. Local Immunity or Right of Sanctuary ....
Topic 3. Establishments of Religious Utility.
TERiEs, Hospitals, and Schools
MONAS-
§ 160. The Regular Clergy . § 161. Civil Death of the Monks. Results . .
* Topic 4. The
§ 164. The Tithe; Origin;
How the Tithe Became Obligatory . .
In what the Tithe Consisted
To what Church Was the Tithe Payable? .
The Great Tithe Owners
Enfeoffed Tithes . . .
Evaluation of the Tithe Oblations and Surplice
Fees
Property of the Church.
Constitution of the Ecclesiastical Patrimony
§ 162. Public Assistance § 163. Public Education
Budget of the Church
§ 172. The Régime to which
§ 165.
§ 166.
§ 168. § 169. § 170.
§ 171.
170 170 170
160 161 161 162
166 168 the Estates of the Church Were Subject
§ 173. Ivcclesiastical Benefices
§ 174. Ecclesiastical Possessions and the Feudal Law
§ 175. Ecclesiastical Estates and the Monarchy .
§ 176. Real Immunity . . .
§ 177. The Regalia ....
§ 178. Ecclesiastical Tithes.
Free Gifts ....
§ 179. The Law of the Revolution. Conversion of Ecclesiastical Property into National Property 181
173 174
177 178 179
Topic 5. Ecclesiastical Justice
§ 180. Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction. Origin ... 182
§ 181. Composition of the Ecclesiastical Tribunals 184
§ 182. Competence of the Ecclesiastical Tribunals 185
A. Ratione personae
B. Ratione materiae § 183. Decadence of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction
185 187
Topic 6. Heretics and Jews
Paganism 191
Heretics 192
The Inquisition ... 192
§ 188. The Protestants ... 194 § 189. Liberty of Conscience . 196 § 190. The Jews . . . . . 197
XXI 1
Topic 7. Relations of Church and Siate
§ 191. The Priesthood and
the Empire . . . 199
§ 192. Theocratic Systems . . 200
§ 193. Imperialists. Gallicans 201
§ 194. St. Thomas and the Theologians after the 1300 s 202
§ 195. The Holy See and the
Fraiikish Royalty . . 202
§ 196. Catholicism, the State
Religion 205
§ 197. The French Revolution. Civil Constitution of the Clergy . 207
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