The history of the Church known as the Unitas Fratrum, or the Unity of the Brethren, founded by the followers of John Hus, the Bohemian reformer and martyr

Preface

obliged to fall back upon the brief and antiquated narratives of Cranz, Bost and Holmes, written prior to the discovery of the newest sources.

In the pages which follow I have attempted to supply the existing want' and to set forth, in an English History based upon those sources, the faith, works and sulBPerings of the Bohemian Brethren, as Reformers before the Reformation and as the fathers of the Moravian Churchy

My preparations for this History have been lectures which, for nearly twenty years, I have been delivering in the Theological Seminary, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Throughout this period I have been studying the subject. I have endeavored to produce an authentic History in strict accordance with the sources at my command. At the same time I have not hesitated to express my own opinions, and to correct what appeared to me to be wrong views, or unwarranted deductions, on the part of other writers, especially of those who are Roman Catholics.

The object which I have in view is, not only to make the members of the Moravian Church familiar with the history of their fathers and to set before the general reader a narrative that will, I trust, be found interesting and profitable ; but also to furnish a work of reference for scholars who may wish to consult the authorities upon which the facts are based. Hence I have furnished abundant references in the foot-notes and a complete table of the literature relating to the subject.

The various names that the sources give to the Church of which I treat, I have used indiscriminately. All these names — that is. The Unitas Fratrum, The Unity , The Bohemian Brethren, The Brethren, and The Brethren's Church — were recognized and acknowledged by that Church. The title by

PREFACE.

V which it is commonly known at the present day is, The Moravian Church.

The orthography of the Bohemian and Polish proper names varies greatly, according as they are used by different writers. It is owing to this circumstance that the same name will occasionally be found, in the following pages, spelled in different ways. When these discrepancies were discovered it was too late to correct them.

As the chapters of my work were originally published in the columns of the official journal of the American Moravian Church, it may be well to add, that before being made up in book form they were thoroughly revised and corrected, and that consequently the only History of the Unitas Fratrum which I acknowledge as from my pen, is the one contained in the volume herewith published.

The " Malin Library of Moravian Literature," recently presented to the Moravian Church by Mr. William Gunn Malin, of Philadelphia, has afforded me such constant and valuable aid that I can not forbear an expression of deep . gratitude for this magnificent gift. It is owing to the generosity of the same gentleman, that this volume is adorned with so beautiful a frontispiece. This engraving is a reduced copy of one by Wolff from the picture of Holbein, and the fac-simile which it exhibits of the handwriting of John Hus, is taken from an official entry made by him in the year 1401, as Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, in the records of the University of Prague.

My sincere acknowledgments are due to Professor Severin Ringer, U. J. D., of the Lehigh University, at !Bethlehem, for the valuable aid which he gave me in translating important parts of the original Polish History of the Brethren by Lukaszewicz, not found in the German version.

viii

LITEEATURE RELATING TO

4. [Balbin.] Epitome Historica Rerum Bohemicarum. Authore Bohuslao ^albino ^ Societate Jesu. Pragse. Anno 1677.

5. [Palacky.] Geschichte von B5hmen. Grosstentheils nach Urkun-

den und Handschriften. Von Franz Palacky. Erster Band ; Zweiter Band, zwei Abtheilungen ; Dritter Band, drei Abtheilungen; vierter Band, zwei Abtheilungen ; fiinfter Band, zwei Abtheilungen. Prag. 1844-1867.

The Abtheilungen are published as volumes ; hence there are ten volumes, and we cite accordingly, not according to the Abtheilungen. Palacky was a Protestant, a direct descendant of the Bohemian Brethren, a pronounced Czech, and Bohemia's most distinguished historiographer. His work must be regarded as the highest authority on that part of Bohemian history of which it treats, from about B. C. 388 to A. D. 1526.

6. [Schlesinger.] Geschichte Bohmens, von Dr. Ludwig Schlesinger.

Herausgegeben vom Vereine fiir Geschichte der Deutschen in Bohmen. Prag. 1870.

Written from an ultra German point of view, as an offset to Palacky's work.

schichtschreiber, von Franz Palacky. Prag. 1869.

8. [Pelzel.] Franz Martin Pelzel's Geschichte von Bohmen, von den

9. [Illust. Chronik.] Illustriste Chronik von B5hmen. Ein geschicht-

liches Nationalwerk, Herausgegeben von einem Vereine vaterlandischer Gelerheten und Kiiustler. 2 Bde. Prag. 1852-1854.

II. PARTICULAR PERIODS IN THE HISTORY OF BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA.

10. [Gindely's 30-jaehr. Krieg.] Geschichte des dreissigiahrigen Krieges

von Anton Gindely. Prag. 1869-1880.

Four volumes have been published which bring the history of the Thirty Years' War to 1623. An abbreviated popular edition in three volumes has appeared, and been translated into EngKsh by Andrew Ten Brooks. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons.

11. [Gindely's Rudolf.] Eudolf II. und seine Zeit. 1600-1612. Von

Anton Gindely. 2 Bde. in one. Prag. 1868.

12. [Gindely's Majestaetsbrief.] Geschichte der Ertheilung des Bo-

hemischen Majestatsbriefes von 1609. Von Dr. Anton Gindely. Prag. 1868.

This is substantially a reprint of the Fourth Book of his " Geschichte der Bohmischen Bruder."

I

THE UNITAS FRATRUM.

ix

tatsbrief vom Jahre 1609. Aus einer Bohmischen Urkunde iibersetzt mit Anmerkungen, von Johann Borott. Gorliz. 1803.

14. [Bucholtz.] Geschichte der Eegierung Ferdinand des Ersten. Von

F. B. von Bucholtz. 9 Bde. Wien. 1831-1838.

15. [Apologia.] Apologia, oder Entschuldigungs Schrifil, aus was

16. LAndere Apologia.] Die Grosse oder Andere Apologia der Stando

dess Konigreichs Boheimb,so den Leib u. das Blut unsers Herrn un L Heylands J. C. unter Beyder Gestalt empfahen. Sampt den darza gehorigen Beylagen. s. 1. M. DC. XIX.

17. [Deductio.] Deductio, Das ist Nothwendige Ausfiihrung, Bericht

u. Erzelilung, deren Ursachen u. Motiven : darumb Kayser Ferdinandus der Ander, des Regiments im Konigreich Boheimb und demselben Incorporirten Lander, verlustigt : und wodurch die Lander zu der Befugten und Rechtmassigen Wahl jtzt llegierender K. Majestat in Boheimb, vermoge ihrer Freyheiten, zu schreitten bewogen u. getrungen worden. Im Jahr M. DC. XX. s. 1.

18. [Pescheck.] Geschichte der Gegenreformation in Bohmen. Von

Mag. Chr. A. Peschek. 2 Bde. Leipzig. 1850. 2te' Ausgabe.

The first edition has been translated into English : " The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia." London, 1845.

As a general thing we cite this English edition. It is, however, faulty, omits entire paragraphs, and nearly all the important notes.

19. [Pescheck's Exulanten.] Die Bohmischen Exulanten in Sachsen.

Von Christian Adolph Pescheck, Theol. Dr. u. Archidiaconus zu Zittau. Leipzig. 1857.

20. [Daum.] Die Verfolgungen der Evangelischen in Bohmen. Eine

III. LOCAL HISTORY AND TOPOGRAPHY.

21. [Schottky's Prag.] Prag wie es war u. wie es ist. Von Julius

Max Schottky, Professor. 2 Bde. Prag. s. a.

22. [Burg Puerglitz.] Das Piirglitzer Thai u. die Burg Piirglitz. Von

J. Nitsche. Wien, 1876.

"23. Lissaer Geschichte.] Das Wichtigste u. Merkwiirdigste aus der Geschichte der Stadt Lissa. Von Pflug, Lissa.

24, [Lissaer Gymnasium.] Zur dreihundertjiihrigen Jubelfeier des Gymnasiums der Reformirten Briider Unitat, jetzigen Koniglichen Gymn^iums zu Lissa, am Dienstage, dem 13, November, 1855. Gedruckt in Lissa.

For years we tried to secure this rare and important work but without success, until we visited Lissa in 1879, and found that there were three copies remaining in the hands of the Faculty. One of these copies the Rector of the Gymnasium presented to us, through the courteous intervention of the Rev. Dr. Koch, one of the Pastors of the Unitdtsgemeinde.

IV. BOHEMIAN LITERATURE.

25. [Dobrowsky.] Geschichte der Bohmischen Sprache und Literatur,

von J. Dobrowsky. Prag. 1818.

26. [Talvi,] Historical view of the Languages and Literature of the

Slavic Nations. By Talvi. (Mrs. Robinson, wife of the Rev. Dr. Edward Robinson.) New York. 1850.

V. JOHN HUS AND THE HUSSITES.

27. [Palacky's Vorlaeufer.] DieVorlaufer des Husitenthums in Bohmen.

Von F, Palacky, Prag, 1869.

28. [Palacky's Waldenser,] Ueber die Beziehungen und das Verhalt

niss der Waldenser zu den ehemaligen Secten in Bohmen. Von Dr. Franz Palacky. Prag. 1869.

Von C. Hofler. 3 Bde. Wien, 1856-1866.

Ultra Romish and full of faults,

30. [Palacky's Hcefler.] Die Geschichte des Husitenthums und Prof.

C. Hofler, von Franz Palacky. Prag. 1868.

A severe criticism of No. 29.

A most important collection of documents.

32. [Hist, et Mon.] also [Hus Opera.] Historia et Monumenta J. Hus atque Hieronymi Pragensis. Norimbergensem, 1715. I et II Tomi.

A collection of the Latin works of John Hus. An earlier edition appeared in 1558, also at Nuremberg. We cite the edition of 1715.

THE UNITAS FRATRUM.

xi

33. [Gillett.] Life and Times of John Huss by E. H. Gillett. 3d ed.,

2 vols., Boston. 1871.

34. [Wratislaw.] John Hus. The Commencement of Kesistance to

Papal Authority on the Part of the Inferior Clergy. By A. H. Wratislaw, M. A. London, 1882.

35. [Berger.J Johannes Hus und Konig Sigmund. Von Dr. Wilhelm,

Berger. Augsburg. 1871. 36 [ Schwabe.] Die Keformatorische Theologie des J. Hus. Von Dr. F. Schwabe. Friedberg. 1862.

37. [Friedrich.] Die Lehre des J. Hus. Von Dr. J. Friedrich. Regens-

fert. Prag. 1853.

39. [Von der Hardt.j Magnum (Ecumenicum Constanticnse Concilium

VI. Tomis comprehensum Opera et labore Hermanni Von der Hardt. Helmestadt. 1697-1700.

40. [Hus Predigten.] Joh. Hus Predigten. Aus der Bohmischen in die.

Deutsche Sprache iibersetzt von Dr. J. Nowotny. 3 Abtheilungen Gorlitz. 1855.

These sermons are translated from a Bohemian Postil which the Moravian refugees brought to Herrnhut, in the eighteenth century.

41. [Huss Sermons.] The Sermons of John Huss, by Rev. E. H. Gil- . lett, D. D. From the " Xew Englander," October, 1864.

42. [Gillett's Taborites.] The Taborites and the Germ of the Moravian

Church. By Rev. E. H. Gillett. From the American Presbyterian and Theological Review.

43. [Hus und Wiclif.] Zur Genesis der Husitischen Lehre. Von Dr.

Johann Loserth. Prag u. Leipzig. 1884.

An English translation by the Rev. M, J. Evans, has been published in London.

This work appeared after those chapters in our History which treat of Hus had been electrotyped, so that we could make no use of it. It sets forth Hus as a mere slavish imitator of Wycliffe and is one-sided in its tendency, as has been shown in a review of the work written by the Rev. J. Max Hark and published in the Andover Review, September, 1884.

44. [Krummel.] Geschichte der Bohmischen Reformation im fiinfzehn-

ten Jahrhundert von L. Krummel. Gotha. 1866.

45. [Krummel's Ut. u. Tab.] Utraquisten und Taboriten. Ein Beitrag

zur Geschichte der Bohmischen Reformation. Von L. Krummel Gotha. 1871.

46. [Bezold's Sigmund.] Konig Sigmund u. die Reichskriege gegen

die Husiten. Von Dr. F. von Bezold. Miinchen. 1872.

Xll

47. [Bezold Husitenthum.] Zur Geschichte des Husitenthums. Von

Dr. F. von Bezold. Miinchen. 1874.

48. [Lechler.] Johann von Wicliff u. die Vorgeschichte der Reforma-

mation. Von G. Lechler. 2 Bde. Leipzig. 1873.

A large part of the second volume is devoted to the Bohemian Reformation.

49. [Reiser's Ref.] Friedrich Reiser's Reformation des K. Sigmund.

Mit Einleitung u. Commentar von Dr. Willy Boehm. Leipzig. 1876.

VI. HISTORY OF THE UNITAS FRATRUM.

50. [L. F.] The Lissa Folios. MSS. Herrnhut Archives.

The Lissa Folios comprise fourteen folio volumes of historical documents collected by the Brethren after the destruction of their earlier archives in the great conflagration at Leitomisclil, in 1546. Thirteen of these Folios were found, in 1836, by the Rev. Frederick Emmanuel Kleinschmidt in the vestry of the Church of St. John, at Lissa. Two years later they were examined by the Rev. John Plitt, the Historian of the Unitas Fratrum, who reported that they contained papers of the utmost value. Thereupon they were purchased by the authorities of the Moravian Church, for 500 Thaler, and placed in the Archives at Herrnhut. The fourteenth Folio has since been discovered in the Bohemian Museum at Prague. That Folio may possibly contain the documents which, according to Lukaszewicz, disappeared after the death of Bishop Jablonsky, (See p. 632, Note 25, of our History). These Folios have been examined by Gindely, who made them the principal source for his "Geschichte d. Bohm. Briider," as also by Palacky and GoU. Some of the documents are written in Latin ; the majority in old Bohemian, and of these latter many have been translated into German by Hock (1841). At tiie present time the Rev. Joseph Miiller who, according to a resolution of the General Synod of 1879, has been appointed Historiographer of the Unitas Fratrum, and who has devoted several years to the study of the the old Bohemian, is engaged in a thorough examination of the Folios. We cite them in so far as they are referred to by Reichel, Gindely and GoU. (See pp. 142, 302, Note 2, 476, 596, Note 13 and 632; Note 25, of our History.)

51. [Jaffet Enstehung d. B. E. or B. U.] Geschichte der Enstehung

der Briider Einigkeit, by John Jaffet, Assistant Bishop. MS. Herrnhut Archives.

52. [Jaffet S. G.] Schwerdt Goliaths, by John Jaffet, Assistant Bishop.

MS. Herrnhut Archives.

We cite Nos. 51 and 52, as referred to by Reichel. Both these MSS. are very important, especially in connection with the episcopacy.

53. [Blahoslaw's Summa,] Summa quredam brevissime collecta ex

THE UNIT AS FRATRUM.

xiii de eorundein Fratrum Origine et Actis. 1557. MS., copied from the 8th Lissa Folio.

Since printed as an Appendix to GoU, No. 61. See our Hist, p. 314 and Note 36

54. [Blahoslaw's Boh. MS. Hist.] also [Boh. Hist. Frat.] A MS.

History of the U. F., in Bohemian, quoted by Gindely, Palacky and GoU.

According to Gindely and Palacky it was written by Blahoslaw ; according to Goll, the author is unknown. Gindely has furnished a German translation for the library of the Theo. Sem. at Gnadenfeld. The original is in the University Library at Prague. Blahoslaw wrote a second and more voluminous History of the Church, but this work is lost. See our History, p. 145 and Note 11.

nec non Mores Instituta, Consuetudines Fratrum. MS. Herrnhut Archives.

We cite this work in so far as it is referred to by Plitt. For an account of its origin see our History, pp. 411 and 412.

56. [Plitt.] Denkwiirdigkeiten der Alten Briider Gesqhichte. Von . Johannes Plitt. MS. 1828.

A copy is in the library of the Theological Seminary at Bethlehem. Plitt wrote his work before the L. F. had been secured and other new sources had come to light. Taking this circumstance into consideration, his History is wonderfully accurate.

57. [Reichel's Zusaetze.] Zusatze und Berichtignngen zu Johannes

Plitt's Denkwiirdigkeiten der alten Briider Geschichte, nach Jaflet und den 13 Lissaer Folianten. Von H. L. Reichel, Lehrer am Seminarium in Gnadenfeld. MS. 1844-1845.

A very important work to which we repeatedly refer. There is a copy in the Theological Seminary at Bethlehem.

58. [Plitt's Bischofthum.] Vom Bischofthum der Briider Unitat, in

alter und neuer Zeit. Von Johannes Plitt. MS. 1835.

59. [Quellen ] Quellen zur Geschichte der Bohmischen Briider, vor-

This work gives a large number of the documents contained in the L. F. and is very important.

60. [Benham's Notes.] Notes on the Origin and Episcopate of the

Bohemian Brethren, by Daniel Benham. London. 1867.

61. [Goll.] Quellen und Untersuchungen ?ur Geschichte der Bohmischen

Briider. Herausgegeben von Jaroslav Goll. Prag. 1878.

For a criticism on this work see our History, p. 151, Note 20. The second part, published in 1882, treats of Peter Chelcicky, but reached us too late for use.

B xiv

62. [Cranz.] The Ancient and Modern History of the Brethren, by-

David Cranz, translated into English, with Emendations and additional Notes, by Benjamin La Trobe. London. MDCCLXXX.

The original appeared at Barby in 1771. The Ancient History is very brief and antiquated.

63. [Holmes.] The History of the Protestant Church of the United

Brethren, by John Holmes. 2 vols. London. 1825. Brief and atiquated.

64. [Crceger.] Geschichte der Alten Briiderkirche, Yon E. W. Croeger

Zwei Xbtheiluiigen. Gnadau. 1865 and 1866.

BLshop Croeger follows Plitt, often word for word, but makes use of the newer sources also, without, however, attempting to give a critical history.

65. [Croeger G. E. B.] Geschichte der Erneuerten Briiderkirche.

Erster Theil. Gnadau. 1852. By Bishop Croeger.

66. [Gindely.] Geschichte de^ Bohmischen Briider von Anton Gindely.

Professor Gindely is a Roman Catholic, but writes with commendable fairness and uses all the newest sources. His work is very important, although as a Romanist he cannot understand the true spirit of the L. F., which he looks upon as an interesting development of the national life of Bohemia.

67. [Czerwenka.] Geschichte der Evangelischen Kirche in Bohmen.

Yon B. Czerwenka. 2 Bde. Bielefeld u. Leipzig. 1869 u. 1870.

The author is a Protestant clergyman familiar with the Bohemian language. Although he had no opportunity of consulting the L. F. he has used nearly all the other newest sources and produced a history which deserves the highest praise. He fully understands and forcibly sets forth the spirit of the U. F.

(Utrecht,. Anno M. D C. LH.

The author's real name was Adrian Wengierski, which appeared in the second edition published at Amsterdam in 1679. Both editions came out after his death. For particulars see our History, p. 574, Note 1.

69. [Camerarius.] Camerarii Historica Xarratio de Fratrum Orthodox-

oriun Ecclesiis in Bohemia, Moravia et Polonia. Heidelbergae. 1605.

Written originally at the request of the Brethren, but not published until thirty years after the death of the author. The volume contains a large number of additional documents. See our History, p 412.

70. [Rieger.] Die Alte uud Xeue Bohmische Briider, Yon M. Georg

Cunrad Rieger. 6 Bde. Ziillichau. 1734-1739.

THE UNITAS FRATRUM.

XV

71. [Lochner.] Entstehung u. erste Schicksale der Briidergemeinde in

Bohmen u. Mahren, u. Leben des Georg Israel. Von G. W. K. Lochner. Niirnberg. ] 832.

72. [Anbeten des Sacraments.] Vom Anbeten des Sacraments des

heyligen Lychnams Christi. Mart. Luther. Wittemberg. Anno M. D. XXIII.

See our History, pp. 234 and 235, and Note 13.

73. [Reichel's Geschichte.] Kurze Darstellung der alten Bohm.-Mahr.

Briider Kirche, rait besonderer Riicksicht auf das Leben der Bischofe Horn, Augusta u. Comenius. Eothenburg. s. a.

Written by Henry L. Reichel and based on the newest sources. A second edition published at Bunzlau.

74. [Hist. Persecutionum.] Historia Persecutionum Ecclesiae Bohem-

icfe. Anno Domini. M. D. C. XLVIII.

A remarkable book written by exiled Protestant ministers, chiefly by Comenius and Adam Hartmann, giving a full account of tlie persecutions in Bohemia, and intended for Fox's Book of Martyrs; but completed (1632) too late to be incorporated with that work. It was originally published in Holland, according to a resolution of the Synod of the U. F., to which church the majority of the contributors belonged. See our History, p. 534, Note 3, 568, 569.

oder die Bohimsche Verfolgungs-Geschichte, Von S. T. Eisner, Nebst einem hist. Vorbericht u. einigen- Zugaben. Berlin. 1766. A German translation of No. 74.

76. [Persekutionsbuechlein.] Das Persekutionsbiichlein. Von B. Czer-

wenka. Giitersloh 1869.

The newest and best German translation of No. 74, with important notes.

77. [Hist, of Persecutions.] The History of the Bohemian Persecu-

tion. London. M D C. L.

A quaint English translation of No. 74.

The Bohemian version appeared at Lissa in 1655, at Amsterdam in 1663, and at Zittau in 1756 ; earlier German versions in Switzerland in 1650 and 1669.

78. [Comenii Hist.] Jo. Amos Comenii Historia Fratrum Bohemorum.

The first edition appeared at Amsterdam in 1660; the edition of 1702, which we cite, was edited by Buddeus. In both the above History forms the introduction to the Ratio Disciplinse (No. 100). See our History p. 602. A German translation. Schwabach. 1739.

79. [Mueller's Reports.] Reports of his Historical Researches, by the

Rev. Joseph Miiller, the newly appointed Historiographer. Published in German and English. 1884 and 1885.

8u. [Fischer.] Versuch einer Geschichte der Reformation in Polen. Von G. ^y. T. Fischer. 2 Theile. Gratz. 1855.

81. [Lukaszewicz.] Von den Kirchen der Bohmischen Briider im ehe-

maligen Grosspolen durch Joseph Lukaszewicz. Aus demPolnischen

iibersetzt von G. W. T. Fischer. Gratz. 1877.

The original Polish work contains 155 pages of important lists of bishops, churches, schools, etc., not found in the German translation.

82. [Krasinski.] Historical sketch of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of

the Reformation in Poland. By Count Valerian Krasinski. 2 vols. London. 1838.

83. [Con. Send.] Historia Consensus Sendomiriensis. Studio et Opera

D. E. Jablonski. Berolini. 1731.

84. [Dekrete d. B. U.] Dekrety Jednoty Bratrske. Edited by Anton

Gindely. Prague. 1865.

This volume contains the enactments, in Bohemian, of the Synod of the U. F, It is, however, not a complete collection ; the enactments of very many years are wanting. We cite this work in so far as it is referred to by Czerwenka.

85. [Salig's Aug. Conf.] Christian August Salig's Vollstandige His-

toric der Augspurgischen Confession u. derselben Apologie. 3 Bde. Halle. 1730-1735.

The Sixth Book of the second volume of this voluminous work contains an extended account of the Bohemian Brethren.

86. [Moravian Episcopate.] The Moravian Episcopate, by Edmund de

Schweinitz. 2d edition. Published in London. 1874.

87. [Lemme.] Das Evangelium in Bohmen, dargestellt von L. Lemme.

88. [Zezschwitz.] Lukas von Prag u. die Bohmischen Briider. By G.

von Zezschwitz, in Herzog's Real-Encyklopadie.

89. [Acta Fratrum.] Acta Fratrum Unitatis in Anglia. MDCCXLIX.

A collection of historical and other d(x:uments published in London, in 1749, in connection with the negotiations carried on with the British Parliament by the Renewed U. F., and result ing in its recognition.

90. [Koelbing's Nachricht.] Xachricht von dem Anfange der bischof-

lichen Ordination in der Erneuerten Evangelischen Briiderkirche^ Von F. L. Kolbing. Gnadau. 1835.

VII. BIBLES, HYMXOLOGY, CATECHISMS, DIS- CIPLINE AND CONSTITUTION.

91. Ths Bible. The titles of the various editions of the Kralitz Bible are given in Chapter XL. oi our History.

xvii

92. [Eisner Bibel-Gesch.] Versuch einer Bohmischen Bibel-Geschichte

entworfen von J. T. Eisner. Halle. 1765.

93. [Malin Boh. Bible.] History of the Bohemian Bible, with an Ex-

amination of its claim to European priority. By William G. Malin. Appendix to Catalogue of his Library.

94. Hymnals. The titles of the Hymnals are all given in Chapter

XXXVII. of our History.

95. [Zahn.] Die Geistlichen Lieder der Briider in Bohmen, Mahren u.

Polen, in einer Auswahl, fiir eine Singstimme mit Begleitung des Harmoniums oder des Klaviers eingerichtet, von Johannes Zahn. Niirnberg. 1875.

"96. Catechisms. The titles of the Catechisms are all given in Chaptef

XXXVIII. of our History.

97. [Zezschwitz Katechismen.] Die Katechismen der Waldenser u,

Bohm. Briitler. Von G. von Zezschwitz. Erlangen. 1863.

98. [Koecher.] Catechetische Geschichte, von .J. C. Koecher. Jena.

99. [Cat. Boh. Brn.] The Catechism of the Bohemian Brethren. Trans-

lated from the old German, with an Introduction. By E lmund de Schweinitz. Bethlehem. 1869.

100. [Ratio Disciplinae, or R. D.] Ratio DisciplinaeOrdinisque Eccles-

iastici in Unitate Fratrum Boheniarum.

Firstedition at Lissa, 16^3; German version in same year; second edition at Amsterdam. 1660 ; third at Halle, 1702. We cite the Halle edition of 1702. See our History, pp. 477, 478, and Note 25, 479, 568, 602-605. Later German editions : Schwabach, 1738 ; Koppen's, Leipzig, 1845.

101. [Seifferth Ch. Con.] Church Constitution of the Bohemian and

Moravian Brethren. The original Latin, with a Translation, Notes, and Introduction. By B. Seifferth. London. M D C C C LXVI.

VIII. DOCTRINE AND CONFESSIONS.

102. Confessions of the Brethren. For titles, etc., see our History .

Appendix, pp. 648-653.

103. [Lydius.] Waldensia id est Conservatio verse Ecclesiae. Demon-

strata ex Confessionibus. Studio et Opera B. Lydii. Tom. 1. Roterodami, 1616. Tom. II. Dordraci. 1617.

A collection of Confessions of Faith, including a number issued by the Brethren.

104. [Koecher's Glaubensbekenntnisse.] Die drey letzen Glaubens-

bekenntnisse der Bohmischen Briider. Von J. C. Koecher. Frankfurt u. Leipzig. 1741.

XVI 11

105. [Ehwalt.] Die Alte u. Xeue Lehre der Bohmischen Bruder. Von

J. G. Ehwalt. Danzig. 1756.

107. [Gindely Dog. Ansichten.] Ueber die dogmatischen Ansichten der

Bohm. Miihr. Briider. Von Anton Gindley. Sitzungsbericht der Kaiserl. Akademie. Wien. 1854.

108. [Plitt's Lehrweise.] Ueber die Lehnreise der Bohm. Bruder. Von

Dr. Herman Plitt. Theologische Studien in Kritiken. 1868.

IX. XECROLOGY AND BIOGRAPHY.

109. [Todtenbuch.] Todtenbuch der Geistlichkeit der Bohm. Briider.

Herausgegeben in Bohmischer Sprache von Joseph Fiedler. A us

dem Bohmischen iibersetzt. Alt-Tschau. 1872.

An important Necrology of the Bishops and Ministers of the U. F., from 1467-1606, originally written in Boliemian, for the most part, by Orlik, according to the data furnished by Blahoslaw and Cerwenka.

110. [Chlumecky's Zerotin.] Carl von Zerotin und seine Zeit. Von

Ritter von Chlumecky. Briinn. 1862.

111. [Gindely's Comenius.] Ueber des Comenius Leben und Wirksam-

keit in der Fremde. Von Anton Gindely. Sitzsungsbericht der Kaiserlichen Akademie. 1855.

112. [Palacky's Comenius.] Ueber Comenius und seine Werke. Von

Franz Palacky. Monatsschrift des Vaterlandischen Museums in Bohmen.

113. [Comenius nach Palacky.] Das Leben des JohannAmos Comeniu3.

nach Palacky, u. dessen Testament der sterbenden Miitter d. B. U. Aus dem Bohmischen iibersetzt. Leipzig. 1866.

114. [Benham's Comenius.] An Essay on the Education of Youth

by Comenius. To which is prefixed a Sketch of the Life of the Author. By Daniel Benham. London. 1858.

"115. [Laurie's Comenius.] Jolm Amos Comenius, Bishop of the Moravians, his life and Educational Works. By S. S. Laurie. London. 1881.

116. [Criegern's Comenius.] Johann Amos Com<enius als Theolog. Ein

Beitrag zur Comenius literature, von Hermann Ferdinand von Criegern. Leipzig u. Heidelberg. 1881.

117. [Zoubek's Comenius.] Johann Amos Comenius. Eine biographische

Skizze von Fr. J. Zoubek. Leipzig, s.a.

Prefixed to the " Grosse Unterrichtslehre " of Comenius and followed by a list of his works.

THE UKITAS FRATRUM.

xix

118. [Mueller's MS. Notes.] Biographical Xotes of some of th« Ministers

and Laymen of the U. F. who were prominent after the Anti-Reformation. MS. furnished us by the Rev. Joseph Miiller and based on Josef Jirecek's Bohm. Literaturgeschichte. Prag. 1875,

119. [Pelzel's Abbildungen.] Abbildungen Bohm. u. Mahrischer Ge-

lehrten u. Kiinstler, nebst kurzen Nachrichten von ihren Leben u. Werken. Von Franz Martin Pelzel. 4 Bde. Prag. 1773-1782.

120. [Pelzel's Jesuiten.] Boehmische, Maehrische u. Schlesische Gelehrte

u. Schriftsteller aus dem Orden der Jesuiten. Von Franz Martin Pelzel. Prag. 1786.

121. [Tomek Zizka.] Johann Zizka. Versuch einer Biographie deaselben ■ von W. Wladiwoj Tomek. Uebersetzt von Dr. V. Prochaska. Prag.

122. [Malin Zizka.] Zizka. Brief Notices of the Career of this great

Captain of the Hussites. By William G. Malin ; Appendix to Catalogue of the Malin Library.

Cyrill und Method. Zur tau*endjiihrigen Jubelfeier der Christianisirung von Miihren u. Bohmen. Von Dr. J. E. Bily. Prag. 1863.

xxii

Contents

I

CHAPTER.

X. — Rokycana and the Utraquist National Church. — page. A. D. 1434-1453. 90

XI. — Peter Chelcicky and the Men who founded the

Part II

The History of the Ancient Unitas Fratrum. — A. D. 1457-

1722. 103-658

PERIOD IV.

The Church under the Rigorous System Introduced by

CHAPTER.

XII. — The Founding and Earliest Development of the

XIII. — The First Persecution of the Brethren. — A. D.

1461-1463. 1 14

XIV. — The wSynod of Reichenau and final Separation of

• the Brethren from the Utraquist Church. — A. D.

1464-1466. 121

XV. — The Synod of Lhota and Institution of an Independent Ministry.— A. D. 1467. 132

XVI. — The Introduction of the Episcopacy and Second

Synod at Lhota.— A. D. 1467. 141

XVII.— The Second Persecution of the Brethren.— A. D.

1468-1471. 155

XVIII. — Increase and Prosperity of the Church. — A. D.

1471-1490. 163

XIX.— Dissensions and a Schism.— A. D. 1490-1496. 172 PERIOD V.

The Unitas Fratrum under the Influence of Bishop

CHAPTER.

XX. — Increase of the Church in Spite of the Persecutions

inaugurated by Uladislaus.— A. D. 1497-1506. 179

XXI. — The Edict of St. James and the General Persecution which it brought about. — A. D. 1507-1516. 189

XXII. — Doctrine and Life of the Unitas Fratrum at the

Beginning of Luther's Reformation. — A. D. 1517. 200

CONTENTS.

xxiii

CHAPTER.

XXIII. — The Ministry, Constitution, Ritual and Discipline

of the Unitas Fratrum at the Beginning of Luther's Eeformation. — A. D. 1517.

XXIV. — The Growth and Enterprises of the Unitas Fratrum

at the Beginning of Luther's Reformation. — A. D. 1517.

XXV. — Intercourse of the Brethren with Erasmus and Luther ; and other Events to the Death of Luke. — A. D. 15 17-1528.

PAGE.

PERIOD VI.

The Unitas Fratrum in its Relations to the Reformers

AND ITS consequent DEVELOPMENT. — A. D. 1529-1580. 240-414

CHAPTER.

XXVI. — Further Intercourse between " the LTnitas Fratrum and Luther ; new Confessions of Faith. — A. D. 1529-1539. 240

XXVII. — The LTnitas Fratrum and the Strasburg Reformers.

Last Mission to Luther.— A. D. 1539-1546. 255

XXVIII. — The Smalcald War and a General Persecution of

the Unitas Fratrum.— A. D. 1546-1548. 264

XXIX. — The Unitas Fratrum established in Prussia and

XXX. — The Bretluen and the Reformed in Poland. — A. D.

1554-1557. 292

XXXI. — The State of the Lenity in Bohemia and Moravia during the Continuance of the Persecution. — A. D.^ 1548-1557. 300

XXXII.— The Synod of Slezan and the History of the Church in Bohemia and Moravia to Augusta's Liberation. — A. D. 1557-1564. 316

XXXIII. — The Polish Branch of the L'nitas Fratrum; its

Relation to the Reformed and Lutherans ; and rencAved Correspondence with the Swiss Divines. —A. D. 1557-1564. 331

XXXIV. — Augusta reconciled to the Council. The Synod

of Sendomir in Poland.— A. D. 1564^1570."^ 340 XXXV. — The Bohemian and Moravian Branch of the Unitas Fratrum in the Reign of Maximilian the Second— A. D. 1564-1576. 359

XXXVL— The Beginning of Rudolph's Reign. A. D. 1576- 1580 ; and the Polish Branch of the Unitas Fratrum in the first Decade after the Svnod of Sendomir.— A. D. 1570-1580. ' 381

XXXVIL— Hymnologv of the Unitas Fratrum.— A. D. 1517-