The English church in other lands, or, The spiritual expansion of England

Front matter

The English church in othe: lands, or, The spiritual

Epochs of Church History.

Edited by the Rev. M. CKEIGHTON, M.A.

Preface

To compress into a small book the story of a work which has had the world for its field, and has been carried on for more than three centuries, I have found to be no easy task. While I have remembered the obligation of brevity, I have endeavoured to omit nothing that appeared to be essential to a clear understanding of the subject.

I have endeavoured to set forth what has been the missionary work, not only of the Anglican Communion, but of all the sections into which English Christianity is divided. I am glad to recognise and to hold in honour the zeal which prompts, and the practical wisdom which directs, the foreign missionary work of Nonconformist bodies, among whom the duty of taking a personal share in the spread of the Gospel seems to be recognised by all classes as a necessary part of their religious life.

To plant the Church of Christ in all lands is a work which demands not only persistent and undaunted zeal, but also practical and statesmanlike gifts of administravi Preface

tion, to the suppression of the impetuous and selfish individualism which too often monopolises the name of Enthusiasm. It is a work which can be rightly carried out only by men who will be content to regard it as a whole, to legislate for it on system, to take a wide and equable survey of the condition of the whole field and the relative needs of all its parts, co-ordinating means and wants without favour, partiality, or prejudice.

The moral of the story will, I hope, unfold itself. It is that we, who are members of this Church or nation of England, are living in a time of unprecedented opportunities and of corresponding responsibilities, which are laid upon us as citizens and as Christians ; for we are concerned with events that are rapidly changing the face of the world, and threaten to shift the centre of gravity of Christendom, so that at no distant time it may be found, neither at Constantinople nor at Rome, but at Canterbury.

Those who desire to study the subjects treated in this book in greater detail will find in c Anderson's History of the Colonial Church ' a storehouse of information in regard to the period of which those volumes speak. The late Archdeacon Hardwicke's ' Christ and other Masters/ Professor Max Miiller's c Chips from a German Workshop,' Canon Cook's c Origins of Religion and Language,' and the small books on Non-Christian Religious Systems published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge will tell all

Preface vii

that it is necessary to know of the creeds which sway the consciences of hundreds of millions of our fellowcreatures. Miss Yonge's ' Pioneers and Founders ; ' the biographies of Bishops Middleton, Heber, Cotton, Milnian, Venables, Feild, and Selwyn ; of Livingstone, of Carey, of S. Francis Xavier, and others, while dealing with the work of individuals, will illustrate forcibly the general subject. 'Mission Work among the Indian Tribes of British Guiana,' by the late Rev. W. H. Brett ; ' Personal Recollections of British Burmah,' by Bishop Titcomb ; ' Sketches of Our Life at Sarawak,' by Mrs. McDougall ; c Twenty Years in Central Africa,' by Rev. H. Rowley, are the personal records of those who have themselves borne the burden of the foreign service of the Church. Lord Blachford, in a pamphlet entitled ' Some Account of the Legal Development of the Colonial Episcopate,' has given much valuable information on a matter, little understood, on which no one is more competent to write than the noble author himself, who for so long a period held a high position in the Colonial Office.

Chapter I. Growth Of The Missionary Spirit

TAGE

The Colonia Expansion of England — Its origin — Henry VIII. — Colonisation in the reign of Elizabeth — Other European nations and their Colonies — Colonies in time of James I. — of Charles I. — of Cromwell — of Charles II. — The East India Company — Colonisation in Eighteenth Century, and Nineteenth — The Spiritual Growth of the Colonies — Frobisher's Expedition — The Commonwealth and its care for religion — Council of foreign plantations — Prayer for all conditions of men — Boyle Lectures — Eeligious divisions — Dr. Bray and Dr. Blair — Dean Prideaux and East India Company — Origin of Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and Society for the Propagation of the Gospel — Danish Missions — Baptist and London Missionary Societies — Church Missionary Society — Summary — The Colonial Episcopate . . . . . . . . . .1

Chapter II. The Church In The United States

Early Settlement — John and Charles "Wesley — Slavery — Persecution of Churchmen — Bishop Seabury — First Convention of American Church — Conversion of Indians — Growth of Church — Intercommunion . 19

Contents

Chapter III. The Church In Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, And Ontario

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Early Settlements — The Acadians — Loyalist Refugees — First Colonial Bishop — Newfoundland and its Bishops — The Church in Canada — Bishop Stewart — Montreal — Upper Canada — Education in Canada — The Clergy Reserves . . 26-

Chapter IV. The Church In North-west Canada

The Hudson's Bay Company — Conversion of Indians — First English Bishop of Rupert's Land — The Canadian Pacific Railway— Immigration — Church growth — Isolation and hardship — Colonel Butler's description of the Mail Service in North- West Canada — Disappearance of Indians and Buffalos — British Columbia — Division of Diocese 391

Chapter V. The Church In The West Indies

The Church Established and State-maintained — Bishop Butler on Slavery — Emancipation — The Episcopate- — Disendowment — Self-help — British Honduras — General Codrington — His bequest to S. P. G. — Codrington College — Hayti and its Church 5S

Chapter VI. The Church In South America

British Guiana — Evangelistic "Work among (1) Indian tribes; (2) Coolies— Rev. W. H. Brett— The Falkland Islands- Patagonia 60

Contents xi

Chapter VII. The Church In Australia

PAGE

Loss of the American Colonies redressed by discovery of New Holland — Convict Settlements — Port Jackson — Ceremonies on laying foundations of Sydney — Free Immigrants — Archdeacon Broughton first Bishop of Australia — New Zealand and Tasmania visited — Growth of Australian Episcopate — Diocese of Newcastle — of Brisbane — of Grafton and Armidale — The Church and the Gold-diggers — Dioceses of Goulburn, Bathurst, Biverina, Melbourne, Ballaarat, Adelaide, Perth, Tasmania, North Queensland — Bishop Barry — Aborigines — Their treatment — Poonindie Institution — Albany Institution — Warangesda— New Guinea . . .67

Chapter VIII. The Church In New Zealand

First intercourse between English and Maoris — Maori religion — Tapu— First Mission to New Zealand and its results — Bishop Selwyn — Maori uprisings — Maori Evangelists and Martyrs — Rev. J. C. Patteson — New Zealand Episcopate — The King-maker and the land question — Bishop Selwyn as mediator — War of races — Hau Hau fanaticism— Rev. C. S. Volkner — Fidelity of Maori Clergy — Declension of the race . . 83

Chapter IX. Missions In The Pacific Ocean

Melanesian Mission — Its origin and difficulties — Bishop Selwyn's first visit — Isle of Pines — Babel of tongues — Mission formally commenced — First pupils brought to New Zealand — Synod at Sydney — Mr. Patteson and the ' Southern Cross ' — Nonconformist Missions; their success — Consecration of Rev. J. C. Patteson — Labour vessels — Bishop Patteson's death — Effect on the Mission and on public feeling — Rev.

xii Contents

J. R. Selwyn and Eev. J. Still — Mr. Selwyn consecrated Bishop — Native confidence recovered — Present state of the Mission — Fiji — Earlier Missions in Fiji — Hon. Sir A. H. Gordon — Hawaiian Islands — Idolatry abandoned — King Kamehameha IV. — English Mission founded — Disappointments— Progress — Bishop Wilberforce's foreca>t . . .96

Chapter X. The Church In South Africa

Dutch occupation — The English succeed — Inadequate spiritual provision — The Cape visited by Indian Bishops, and by the first Bishop of Tasmania — The first Bishop of Capetown — Kafirs — Diocese divided — Litigation — Grahamstown — Kafir delusion — Progress — Kaffraria — Bishop Merrim an — Bishop Key — Natal — Bishop Colenso — Bishop Macrorie— Zululand — Orange Free State — Pretoria — St. Helena — Tristan d'Acunha — Mauritius : its variety of peoples — Madagascar — Early Missions — Persecution of Christians — The Island re-opened — An English Bishop sent — Native Ministry — The French Blockade 117

Chapter XI. Missions On The Eastern Coast Of Africa

The Church Missionary Society — Drs. Krapf and Rebmann — The Slave Trade — Dr. Livingstone — Bishop Mackenzie — His first settlement — His death — The Continent abandoned — Zanzibar — The Mission in difficulties — Work recommenced on the mainland — Lake Tanganyika and the London Missionary Society — Lake Nyanza — Mr. H. M. Stanley and King Mtesa— The C.M.S. Mission to Lake Nyanza— Death of King Mtesa — Disaster to Bishop Hannington and his party — The prospects of Central Africa .... Ill

Chapter XII. Missions On The Western Coast Of Africa

Sierra Leone — Its unhealthiness — The Episcopate — Yoruba and the Niger — Abbeokuta — Bishop Crowther — Mohammedan

Contents xiii

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cruelty — Liberia and Maryland — The American Church Mission — The Pongas Mission — Chief Wilkinson — Christianity and civilisation 152

Chapter XIII. Missions In The East Indies

Successive rulers of India — English possession — Early contact with Christianity in India — The Malabar Church — Danish Missions — Serampore Mission — English Church Missions — Conditions of Missionary work in India — Varieties of race and language — Antipathy to English — Strength of Non- Christian religions in India — Brahmanisni — Buddhism — Mohammedanism — Truths in common — Hindrances to growth in India — Episcopate limited — Changes needed — Travancore— Tinnevelly .160

Chapter XIV

missions in the east indies {continued).

Bishop Middleton — Bishop's College founded — Bishops Heber, Turner, and James — Sees of Madras and Bombay — Bishop Cotton (1857-1866)— Bishop Milman (1867-1876)— The Kols — The Karens — Dioceses of Lahore and Rangoon — The Mutiny of 1857 — Delhi Mission destroyed and restored — The Cambridge Brotherhood — Missions of C.M.S. in North India — Bombay — Rangoon — Upper Burma and Mandalay Mission — Ceylon — South India — Devil worship — Self-help — Bishops in Tinnevelly — The famine and its teaching — Proportion of Christians to Non- Christians in India — Need of all kinds of Ministrations — Medical Missions — Education — Bazaar preaching — Domestic life and asceticism . . .176

Chapter XV. Missions In China, Japan, And Borneo

Difficulties in China— People— Languages — Religions— Roman Missions — The American Church Mission— The C.M.S. — The xiv Contents

Episcopate — The S.P.G. — China Inland Mission — Chinese converts in other lands — Japan — St. Francis Xavier— Japan opened by treaty — Latency of Christianity — Japanese converts— Bishops Poole and Bickersteth— Changed attitude of people towards Christianity — The Corea— Borneo — Bishop McDougall— Chinese in Borneo— North Borneo Company — Singapore— Sir S. Baffles 192