Political Missions To Bootan

Index

Pace.

AteN FatLacoTtanH—Mehal of, ceded to Bootan Government, page 4; its ancient and present revenue, 5; taken in 1859 under British

management; increase in its value, 24; anexation of, suggested,

36; attached (in 1860) 37 AssaM Dooans—their names, 8; resumed by Gavariment. 18 ; area, 93 ;

attached ; Rupees 10,000 paid per annum as compensation, 23;

Booteah Mission to Gowhatty for increased compensation aus 26 AGGREsSIoNsS—attack on Chatgaree and on frontier outeposts ee 11 On Nogong from Bijnee Dooar iis ae oe 12 From Kalling Dooar ... 5 i — 13 From Banska Dooar ... or aes sv ‘4D; Fresh aggressions in 1839 sig 18 Cutcherry of the Zemindar of Khoonta Ghat attacked and plundered 20 Twenty-five British subjects carried off since 1856... 25 Sixty-nine Cooch Behar ditto ditto ditto since 1856 wb. Thirty cases of plundering British subjects since 1851 ib. Eighteen Elephants carried off from ager rennne of J ulpigoree since 1851 si eee ab.

Fifty outrages in Cooch Behar Territory since 1857 , we OB, Atta Ram Byragee’s Elephant taken in 1852 se ete Ameroodeen’s ditto carried off in 1853 ue a ib.

Enam Mahomed’s_ ditto ditto inIl854 _... we tbe Dooreah Doss’ house, in Zillah Rungpore, attacked, himself killed, wife wounded, and property plundered tb.

Brijoo Soonder Chowdry’s house attacked, himself killed, and property plundered os 26 Chowdry of Banksa Dooar—house of, ‘attacked and plundered oss tb. Burkut Churn Herah, of Sohunputtah, ditto ditto i 1b. Poorun Madahi ditto ditto ditto sie ic ib.

Sreeram Talookdar ditto ditto eee sig ib.

Nantolteah Raja threatened es ss ve ab, Uttum Chund, Merchant, plundered .. asi sg 27 Arun Sing, Zemindar of Goomar Dooae, carried off . an 3r Salgaram Osawal seized and detained... 32

Jubeel Doss, Ramdolall, and Hurmohun, with jhnée of their women: cash, and property, carried of; Jubeel Doss released after having been burnt and tortured ‘i es 24 Raids into Rungpore and Cooch Behar Wroulier.. ab. Coock Behar entered by Booteahs, and house of Sakaloo Parmanick plundered; two days previously, 123 buffaloes and two herdmen carried off ie sine oe 35 Further aggressions in 1859 reported oe 36 Pettah—village of, in Pergunnah Goorlah, invaded by Booteahs _.., 37 il INDEX.

AcGREsstons—(Conlinued.) Gopalgunge—Booteahs from, steal Elephant of Mr. Pyne, one belonging to a Native gentleman, and one of Mr. Proby : Outrage on Cooch Behar subjects from Banska Dooar Incursion into Cooch Behar from Bhulka Dooar Raja of Sidlee guilty of acts of oppression Jawlea, Bootan official, kidnaps British subjects Sikkim—incursien into, by Booteahs ; men, women, and cattle carried off, the former sold into slavery Peda Doss, his house plundered, and himself wounded Sepoys and Havildar of Cooch Behar attacked, and Ishwaree Pandy carried off Sie ae ae eee AmBIoK—description of, if capabilities ... sae AvsTEN, CaPTaAIN—sent to J ulpigoree to examine the aoantey from that place to Domohoni, 61 ; remains on Taigonlah peak to take observations, 77 ; his critical position, loses two men by the snow, re-joins the Mission A.LBINos—three, in the village of Saybee, brought to the Mission as an omen that the country would soon pass into our hands Ancpu-Forune —Governor of, his character Ss aes ANG-MU-LAH — her treason to her country oo AtHoop—Sikhim Chief, confined by the Booteahs in Poonakh ; cleaned: bribed to remain a friend to the Booteah Government 5a ANIMALS—wild, of Bootan... af AnpERson, Dr.—his note on the Botany of Bootan ie Assam Sepunpy Corps—first raised Arta Ram BrraGEE—his Elephant seized by the Kattam of Moinagooree AMBEEROODDEEN’S Elephant seized by the same Official in 1853 e Arun Sinec—Zemindar of Goomar Dooar, carried off; demand for his surrender evaded

Bootan—Early relations with, 1. Invades Cooch Behar, 2. Supplicates assistance from Thibet, 2. First Treaty with British Government, 3. Demand made on, for robbers harboured in Bijnee and Banska Dooars, 12. Informed of Captain Pemberton’s Mission, 15. Rebellion in, headed by Tagha Penlow, 15. Draft Treaty of Captain Pemberton’s rejected, 16-17. Government of the country disputed, 20. Rupees 10,000 per annum paid to, as compensation for Assam Dooars, 23. Booteah Mission sent to Gowhatty for increased compensation, 26. Bootan apologises on the demand of Lord Dalhousie, 30. Demand for the surrender of Arun Sing evaded by, 31. Informed of the intention of Government to send a Mission, 46. Personnel of the Government ae Bootan—the early history and Government of; knowledge of, derived from Manuscripts in Thibetan Monasteries ; original inhabitants ; colony from Kampa, first Dhurma Raja, his character ; rise of Farchoo Doopgein Sheptoon, 108; expels the former, 109; body of Doopgein

PaGE,

79 76

103 112

. 133-6

Sheptoon kept in the Fort cf Poonakh in a silver tomb; his °

INDEX. ill

PaGE. incarnation, mode in which it established its identity ; Kishenkant Bose’s account of this, 110; character of Doopgein Sheptoon ; origin of office of Deb Raja; silence in the history of Bootan for 90 years; Jeedah Deb, his aggressive policy, 111 ; Government of Bootan, and its Council of permanent Ministers, 112 ; three Extraordinary Members; the duties of the Paro Penlow, and of his subordinates; District Officers under the Tongso Penlow, 113; Officers of the Court, 114, Avatars of Doopgein Sheptoon and their struggle. 114. Insecure position of Deb Raja; general character of the Paro and Tongso Penlows, 115; no judicial system; mode of executing criminals; struggles between the Jungpens and subordinate Officers ; consequences to the country,

116; N ieboos, Kattams, and Bhundarees, organizers of the raids into British Territory, 117 ; Captain Pemberton’s opinion of the governing classes 118; revenue system, 118; cultivation in Bootan, 120; habitations, 121; decrease of the population, its cause, 122; country adapted for European colonization ; no Civil or Criminal law, no Police, Jails ; 123; cattle 123 ; religion, 125 ; Buddhism ; Trade 126-28; habits of the people, 129-30; present population ; Pemberton’s estimate; boundaries of Bootan and relations with neighbouring States, 131; wild animals; Dr. Anderson’s note on the Botany of Bootan, 133 ; ee strength 136-7 BoGLe, Captain—his Mission ob 3 BencaL Dooars—their names, 8; area, 23 ; dgpreasions ron: aiecified: 24-5; occupation of, threatened, 27; annexation of proposed; description of ees 32 BoorEr-Goomak Dooar—peculiar penne: by which held, 10. Raja of, attacks Chatgaree ; the Dooar attached, 11. Released (in 1834,) 12.

Formally attached .. as we = 20 Boor, TatooKpsn—attacked by Captain Bogle ; ; flies to Dewangari, 13.

surrendered by the Raja 4l Bunee Dooar—force from, attacks Nogonw: 12. Detachment of Meena

L. I. sent-into; recovers captives ; attachment of, threatened _.... 12

Baxska Dooar—robbers harboured in, their surrender required, 12. Attached ; re-opened, 13. Formal possession of, taken ; released 14;

incursion from, into Cooch Behar dee er 8 38 Biake—Ensign, Commands Captain Pemberton’s Escort 15 BYKANTPORE ZEMINDAREE—claimed by Deb Raja; ceded unjustly fo

him... ive ae 4 Brisoo Soonpak CyHowpry’s house stacked and plundered, and himself

killed ae 26 Borxot Coorn Hesnran, of Sohidnuttal house attacked and plundered... 26 Buoixa Coanc—a party from, carry off Arun Sing, Zemindar of Goomar

Dooar 31

Buvuika Dooar—Soubah of, refuses to cneeetianls the attack on house of Sakaloo Parmanick on at eee 36

Buoxur—description of country about —... ee a 76

BupDHIsM-—-in Bootan tee ‘ni ese ae "126- 27

1V INDEX.

PaGE.

Beer, Murwa—Captain Pemberton’s description of as s» 130 Botany of Bootan—Dr. Anderson’s Note on | se ... 133-36 Cooch BEHaR—invaded by Booteahs’; assistance given by British Government, 2. Raja of, submits list of outrages since 1857; raids into, (between 1854 and 1857), 33. Entered by 300 or 400 Booteahs, men and cattle carried off, and the house of Sakaloo Parmanick plundered, 35. Incursion into, from Banska Dooar. Raja of, submits a list of Elephants carried off from time to time, 38. Incursion into, from Bhulka Dooar, 42. Raja of, claims protection under Treaty of 1773 ‘it oo Sa 43 CHATGAREE—attacked by Doompah Raja lt CureBoo Lama—offers to send a letter to Poonakh, 47. Visited by the Darlingcote Jungpen at the Teesta, 56. Contribution of, to the cairn on Taigonlah Mountain, 77. Threatened by the Paro Penlow for bringing Englishmen into the country, 83. Visits the Monastery at Tuckshung, 93. Treacherous scheme for his arrest at Paro, 94. Collects books connected with the history of Bootan from Thibetan Monasteries bos ae .. 110 Cotton—excellent soil for, around Darlingcote se ar 61 CELIBACY OF OFFicIaLs-—theoretical only, in Bootan sae ies 65 CYLINDERS—praying—described ae sas Ge 74 Cairns, oR Lapcuas—their object sd w= UT CHEULAH Pass—perilous march of the Mission through, 81; ; its height .. 82 Cuu-sE—clan of, how descended, its privileges and duties 110 Cuoter Ticgou—Avatar of Doopgein Sheptoon ; is made head of the Lavine 114 CoLonizaTIon, European—Bootan admirably adapted for ... =: 188 CULTIVATION in Bootan _... sa asi -- 120 CaTTLe of Bootan sf ug .. 124 Csoma DE Korosi—his spiame of Buddhism si w. =: 127 Cuoxnc... a obs se . 130

Dooars, the Bootan—soil, produce, number, geographical position, inhabitants and Governors of, 7-9. Described by Captain Pemberton 17. Farm of, eee 19-20. -Condition of, described by Colonel Jenkins ise as we. 22-23 Dooars, the Awati=their: names, 8; resumed by Government, 18; area, 23; attached; Rupees 10,000 paid annually as compensation for, 23. Booteah Mission to Gowhatty for increased compensation for dies 26 , the Bengal—their names, 8; area, 23; aggressions from, 24-25 ; Lord Dalhousie threatens to occupy, 27. Annexation of, proposed ; his description of, 32, Description of, by oe Magistrate of

Julpigoree 0 .. 44-46 , the Durrung syeeulint tenure by which held v 10 Doowratt Rasau—attack by, on Chatgaree ss ll

Dewaycart Rasa—demand on, for attack on Kamroop, 13. Meets Captain Bogle, surrenders offenders, 13. Stockades himself, attacked and beaten ; surrenders Boora Talookdar, 14. Robberies committed by 26

INDEX.

Dex Raga—claims Hobraghat, Gooma Mehal, and Zemindaree of Bykantpore, 4; writes relative to tribute for Assam Dooars, 10; informed of our occupation of Banska Dooar, 14. Obtains its restoration, but evades Treaty, 14. Informed of Captain Pemberton’s Mission, 15. Complains of the ruin of the Dooars, 19. Requests that Kalling and Booree-Goomar Dooars may be released and an European Officer deputed, 20. Warned by Lord Auckland, 22. Instigates several robberies, 26-27. Evades the surrender of Arun Sing, 31. Threatened if the release of British subjects was not effected, 35. Sends a flippant reply to our demands, 36. Refuses to surrender Mr. Pyne’s Elephant, 38. Deputes an Officer to Gowhatty to receive rent for Assam Dooars, 46. Informed by Mokundo Sing of intention of Government to senda Mission into Bootan, 46. Sends an evasive reply, 48. Informed of the approaching deputation of an Envoy, and requested to send an Officer of high rank to meet him on the Teesta, 54. Requested to send the Soubah of Darlingcote, 55. Deposed by Governor of Poonakh, 55. His cause espoused by the Paro Penlow ; the rebels call in the Tongso Penlow; he flies to Tassishujung, besieged by the Tongso Penlow, compelled to surrender, 56 ; Allowed to retire into the Monastery of Simtoka, 56. Writes an evasive letter to the Mission 62. Sends another of the same character to the Envuoy at Paro, 83. Creation of the office of Deb Raja

Duvem Raya—informed of ‘Captain Pemberton’ 8 NMiedion: 16. Warned by Lord Auckland, 22. Mokundo Sing announces the intention of Government to send a Mission into Bootan, 43. Informed of the approaching deputation of Mr. Eden, and requested to send an Officer of high rank to meet him on the Teesta, 64. Requested to send the Soubah of Darlingcote for the purpose

Doorea Doss—house of, in Zillah Rungpore attacked and plundered, and himself killed

Da.nousiE, Lord—threatens to occupy the Bengal Dooars.

Duumsone —description of the Fort of, and scenery around

Dooar, BuuLka—Soubah of, refuses to investigate the attack on the house of Sakaloo Parmanick

Deem Doss—house of, in Pettah, of the Pergunnah Goorla, attacked and plundered, and his nephew carried off eae eee

DaLincsunc JuNGPEN—demands rent for Fallacottah sae sie

DaRLINGCOTE—occupation of, proposed, 38. Jungpen demands Ambaree Revenue and marches a Force to the Rungpore frontier to attack Darjeeling, 43. Quarrel with the Paro Penlow, 56. Visits Cheeboo Lama, 56. Reception of the Mission at, 59. Jungpen of, visits the Mission, partiality for Brandy; his violence and subsequent obsequiousness, 60. Description of the country, people, and soil about, 61. Description of the Fort of, 65. Strength of the Garrison ; its siege by a Force sent by the Paro Penlow - ‘es

Danizgetine—threatened by the Darlingcote Jungpen _.., 1a

PAGE.

lll

66 43 vi INDEX.

DisEases—chief, in Bootan, attributable to filth and immorality

Dao Pgsnsoo Kaser, Interpreter to the Darjeeling Court—his labours in the Cheulah Pass...

Dynasty, Bootan—age of, calculated by Mr. Scott

DIsORGANIZATION—internal, of Bootan

ELEPHANTs—eighteen, carried off from Julpigoree Cantonments EnaM Manomep’s Eleplant carried off by the Moinagooree Kattam (in 1854) Epen, AsHLEY, the Hon’ble—appointed Envoy to Bootan on the lith August 1863 and ordered to proceed in the ensuing cold season, 49. Character of his instructions sketched in ertenso Further instructions on the constitution of the Mission given

Forts —Dhumsong, 58. Darlingcote, 65. Sangbe, 74. Hah Tampien, 79. Paro, 85-88. Dakya Jung, 91. Beeklah Jung ; Pemethong, 94. Simtoka, 96. Dokiew Lah Pass, 96. Telagong, 27. Poonakh, 98. Angdu Forung, 99. Byaghur .

Farcuoo DoorcEIn SHEPTOON,—the second Dhurma Raja, whose ingaraation is still supposed to rule over Bootan, 96. His rise, 108. Expels the first Dhurma Raja, Sheptoon Lapha, 109. His body preserved in the Fort at Poonakh ina silver tomb, 110. His character ; built the Forts of Angdu-Forung, Poonakh, and Paro; made a Code, protected Ryots, and appointed Jungpens and Penlows a ;

Gooman, —Mehal of, restoration demanded by Deb Raja

GuMBHEER Wuzeer, Chief of Kaling Dooar, directs a raid from that Dooar, 13, Surrenders offenders to Captain Mathie

Grirritus, Dr.—accompanies Captain Pemberton’s Mission

Grant, Sir John—his view of the policy to be pursued towards Bootan, 35; approves of Mission and establishment of Agency in Bootan

Goomar Dooar—incursion from, into the Village of Pcttah, in Pergunnah Goorlah

Goorta—Pergunnah of, invaded by Booteahs

Honraciaut—District of, claimed by Deb Raja .

Hurmonun—plundered, carried of, and detained in Bootan

Hawwipay, Sir F.—his Minute on Bootan

H’Loycnoo—miserable bivouac at a

Han VaLLer—description of, and its deserted villages, 78, Fort and midis cinal spring; its inhabitants nas ug sae

Han Tampren—dungpen of, civil and kind; detains the Mission one day, 78. elps them against the snow

Ifovses—description of, in Bootan oa

Je_patsa—Mchal of, ceded to Bootan, 4]. Annexation of, suggested...

Jupeet Doss —carried off, plundered, burnt, tortured and then released ...

JuLtpigorEe—Cantonment of, established, and 73rd N. 1., with Detachment, 11th Irr. Cavalry. placed in it

PaGeE. 73

13 16

33 33 70

79-80

79 121

36 33

INDEX.

JaDooRaAM—carried off from the Village of Pettah, in Pergunnah Goorlah, by Booteahs and released after ten or fifteen days

JuNGPEN—of Darlingjung demands rent for Fallacottah

JawLEa,—Booteah official—kidnaps eight British subjects si

Joom Ka.iine, or Chief Kazee—his character; friendly to Mission ; assists Cheeboo Lama to escape ; made Governor of Tassishujung...

JEEDAH,—Deb Raja of Bootan—his aggressive policy ; is aided by Ang-mu-lah, sister of the Sikhim Raja, in the invasion and conquest of her country

JOOM-1TaSHI—son of Athoop, a Sikhim Chief, treacheronsly assigns to the Booteshs all the tract between the present Sikhim border and the Taigon Pass, including nee Jonksa, and Sangbe

JUDICIAL system ae : die

J aILs ba see re

KisHEN Kant Bose—sent to Bootan (in 1815), 5. His remarks on its Government, produce, and character, 6. His account of the incarnation of Lama Doopgein Sheptoon ai

Kacuazi TrrBes in Bootan Dooars—their condition -

Kauutne Dooak—peculiar tenure by which held, 10. Formally attached

Kamroor—District of North, invaded from Banska Dooar, 13. Magistrate of, deputed to protect villages on the frontier; his demands refused vie

_ Kuoonta Guavt—Cutcherry of Zemindar of, attacked atid plundered

KattaM oF MOINAGOOREE instigates raids into Rungpore and Cooch Behar Frontier eee oe

Ka.impoone—description of country aa people about ... i

LasaH Mountain—description of ce

Larcuas, or Cairns—their object described as

Lam THEPOO,—a spiritual Chief, officiates till the Dburma Raja comes to years of discretion .. a sae

Lau Kempoo—his office and duties ses igs si

LamMas—their avocations ... ee ‘ee

Luassa—Government of, how situated at prodant

Mecuies—Tribe of, in the Dooars; their condition, 9. Description of their physique and position did

Matuiz—Captain, punishes incursion from Kalling Dooar es

MornaGoorEk Kattam—his robberries, 25. Refuses to surrender a robber named Roopa Side

Maparge Counc—Booteah official at, carries of Jubeel Doss, Ramdolall, Hurmohnun, and three of their women and cash se...

MILITARY orERATIoNS—Captain Jones drives the Booteahs into their territories and carries Darling, Chichacottah, and Passakha, 2. A party of Sebundies set free a Native Officer, some Sepoys, and women who were taken captive by the Booteahs, 11. Detachment of Assam Light Infantry sent into Bijnee, storms a stockade and

20 26

24 57

59 77

114 115 125 131

. 61-63

Vili INDEX.

PaaeE. releases British subjects who had been carried off, 12. Assam Sebundy Corps first raised, 13. Magistrate of Durrung, with sixteen men of the Assam Sebundy Corps, advances to the Frontier, 13. Captain Bogle, with 80 Sebundies under Lieutenants Matthews and Vetch, and the Magistrate of Durrung, force the Dewangari Raja to fly and recover stolen property, 13. Captain Bogle and Lieutenant Matthews attack the Raja in a stockade, 14. Troops moved to the Bootan Frontiers , 33. Two Company’s, Her Majesty’s 38th Regiment, and Wing of 10th Native Infantry moved to Darjeeling and Rungpore Frontier, and Out-posts pushed forward from Julpigoree =P 43

MOINAGOOREE J UNGPEN—affects to treat for gurrendse of British sabioces.. 43 Moxunpo Sine—sent to Rajas of Bootan announcing dispatch of Envoy, and enquiring what route the Mission should take, 46. Returns in December 1862 with an evasive reply from the Deb Raja ... 48 MaxrriacE—but little known in Bootan ... Pe 65 Mocuoo—River of, described, 67. Again at greater iengai: a 71 MimBa KazEE—waits upon Mr. Eden; his history side ... 67-68 MeEnponos—their description and uses ... 74

MonasTERIES—Simtoka, 66. Kalimpoong, 57. Bsaata: 72, 74. Hah ae ley, 79. Paro, 89. Dongolah and Gorikha, 92. Tuckshung, 93. Pemethong, 94. Telagong, 97. Poonakh, 98. Chief eo in Bootan, 125. Dephoon and Gendeing in Lhassa .., ae, “hoe MEDICINAL SPRING in the Hah Vailey Se 79 Miona, Raja of Lhassa—assists the King of Sikhim in recovering his country

from Bootan ie sie one » 112 Mosicat Instruments sae Ses 52s we = 25 MeEpiIcaL system we oO.

Mourwa, BEer—how eomposed, Captain Pemberton’ B description .. 130 Nocone— Village of, attacked age fis 12 NANTOLTEAH Rasa threatened by the Booteahs oe 26 Out-posts, BoorEaH—mode of defence against night attacks “es 59 Om Mant Papme Homu—mystic sentence 74; its meaning .- 126 OrFIcIaALs, Booteah—their titles and duties wae ».. 112-14

PEMBERTON, Captain, deputed (in 1837); leaves Gowhatty for Bootan, enters by Banksa Dooar and Dewangari; detained at the Frontier, 16. Enters by the Distrct of Tongso Penlow; not allowed to communicate with the people; draft Treaty prepared by him rejected by the Bootan Government ; the manner of this refusal described ; his sketch of the Dooars, 16-17 ; of Booteah officials, 118 ;

of trade 128 ; of Murwa Beer 130; of population ww. «6.131 Poorun Mapaui’s house attacked and plundered see ue 26 Pettan—Village of, in Pergunnah Goorlah, invaded by Booteahs sie 37 Pyne anD Prosy, Messrs.—Elephants of, stolen .. 37-8

Pepa Doss, of Mandhas Bhoosa—his house plundered and himself wounded 42

INDEX. 1X

PAGE.

Pazo Pentow, the, espouses the cause of the deposed Deb Raja, 55. Wife of, visits the Mission at Hah Tampien, 79. Penlow threatens Cheeboo Lama for bringing Englishmen into Bootan; his discourteous conduct towards the Mission; persuades them to halt for four days, 83. Description of ex-Penlow’s quarters in the Fort of Paro, 86. His mode of living and coarse conversation, 87. Present

Penlow ; his habits is ‘ae 88 PRaYING Cwinees-their object, iieceip tion: and uses ... 74 Poonaku, villainous conduct of the Durbar; Palace and Fort aeacehed

97-8. Ferruginous soil of aa 99

Paro—arrival of the Mission at, 83. Insults and aunayansee, 84, Fort of, described, 86-8. Bridge, Monastery, and small Forts described, 89. Town and Market-place, 90, Description of Paro Valley and of the inhabitants, 91. Ferruginous soil, value as o Sanatarium, 92. Races, 93. Kindly reception of the Mission. by the ex-Paro Penlow ; its return from Poonakh to 104 PapsHau Raga, the—his intrigues in Bootan during the Mutiny ; joins the Soubah of Darlingkote against the Deb Raja; confined in Paro; escapes and is received with great honor by Tongso Penlow, 835. Said to be Ummur Sing, (brother of Koer Sing, of Jugdeespore,) his personal appearance ths sie . 102 PopuLaTion—decrease of, its causes ie a (122 PriEsTHoopD—admission into wag wee 195 ProrpLrE—habits of, 29. Physical constitution, charneber ‘inees .e. 129-30 Petition—of inhabitants of Bhotgram in Molikan sas _ xi RaMDOLALL—carried off, plundered, and detained ie a 33 RunGPporeE FsontTiek—raids into, 33; trade with Bootan ... so ««©=128 Rest-HovusEs for travellers ‘i a es 76 REVENUE SYSTEM, the, of Bootan : ee ... 118-19 REticion of Bootan ssc sas 195 RutTHERFORD, Lieut.—his estimate of Bootan trade in 1809 ... 127-28

Retina DursecuIne appointed Raja of Lhassa by Kissen, Commissioner from China; his character ; dethroned by Sape Satya and flies to China ; his cause espoused by the Raja of Nyakroong, who is on his march to reinstate him eee wae ww. ~—-:182 Routes In BootaN—appendix ses ...1 tO Vil

Sousans, or Jungpens—the nature of their authority, 8; howexercised,9 116

SREERAM THakoor1a—house Of, attacked and plumdered .., sce 96 Satcaram OsawaL—seized by Booteahs ... des = 39 SuaLmakaH, in Cooch Behar—raid into... 24 SakaLoo ParmManick—house of, plundered by Booteahs and property

of the value of Rupees 20,936 carried off ee na 35 SIpLEE—Raja of, guilty of oppression... — 42 S1xHIm—incursion into, by Booteahs, 42; ancient borders: of .. 119

Simpson, Dr,—selected to accompany the Mission ; his duties described, 63. Successfully removes a tumour from the lip of a Booteah... 73 x INDEX.

Paae.

SuxyamcHoo—River of, described sie sits ae 66 SipcHoo—garrison and town of, described ; Nieboo of, attempts to deceive

the Mission, 67 ; declares his inability to aid it in its progress... 68

SaNGBE description of, and system of tillage, 72. Jungpen of, declares his inability to help the Mission, 72. Villainous conduct of the ex-Jungpen eee 79 SaYBEE—inhabitants of, ask to be ‘aber: to Darjeeling; Zinkaffs from

Darlingcote wait on Mission, 75. Three Albinos of, regarded as

an omen that the country would pass into our hands _ 76 SuPERstiT10ns of Booteahs vee 477 SHEPTOON Lapua, first Dhurma Raja—his aharacten) 108. “Ts expelled the

country by Farchoo Doopgein Sheptoon; flies to Kongoo; builds

three forts ; his treachery to the inhabitants side we «=.:109 SHEPTOON MacHEE—tomb of Lama Doopgein neues in Fort of

Poonakh ese w 110 SEMELING—one of the Grand Council of Lhassa, cesta: away by Kissen,

Commissioner from China 3 ‘ai oe 182 Sare Satya—his rise to power see Sis ee 132 THIBET—intercedes for Bootan 2 TrEatY—first, with Bootan (25th April 1774), 3; draft ‘Treaty given ”

Mr. Eden, 52 ; Treaty itself in Appendix 7 eos = Vili Turneg, Captain his Mission to Bootan (6th May 1774) ve 3 Traroo JuNaPEN—sent as Vakeel to Calcutta kes ué 4 TRIBUTE for Assam Dooars—unsatisfactory character of, 10; tribute for

1835 refused and arrears not liquidated ee at 12 TeLraconac—Village of, its productions... » 97 Toneso Penlow—instigates the attack on the Village ‘of Nogong, 12.

Refuses satisfaction for invasion of District of Kamroop. 13. Asserts

his ignorance of aggressions from Banksa Dooar, 14. Ordered

by the Bootan Government to pay double the value of the

property plundered ; writes two insolent letters t» tho Agent,

Governor General; proposes that a British Officer be depated to

enquire into aggressions, 27. Apology demanded from him by

Lord Dalhousie, 29. He apologises, 30. Espouses the cause of the

usurping Deb Raja and carries it successfully, 65. His influence at

the Bootan Court, 85. The de facto ruler of Bootan; the means

by which he secured his position ; his parentage, 101. His character

and personal appearance a we 102 TaAIGONLAH—Pass and Mountain of, déacvibed .. 16-77 TasissHusuNG—Governor of, helps the Mission to leave Poonakh ; murder-

ed by the Governor of Angdu-Forung ; his character, 103. Palace

of, built by Jeedah, Deb Raja of Bootan . 112 TaBAsuNG TinLaY—appointed Governor of Sikhim on the imvasion and

conquest of the country by Jeedah, Deb Raja of Bootan .. 112 TraDE, of Bootan, 127-28. Rutherford’s estimate of, in 1809, 127.

Hamilton’s Estimate aie aie oo» «128

Txa—how infused in Bootan ». 130

INDEX, | x}

Pace.

TENGELING—one of the Council of Lhassa, seized by Satya and sent to Jonka ; released by Jung Bahadoor; removed to Shakya Jung;

murdered by Satya ee 132 Urrux CHunp, merchant, plundered ee 27 Women—degraded condition of, in Bootan, 65. Their character, orna-

ments, and dress .. 130 Wone CastE—origin of . 110 Witp Animas, of Bootan eo. «133

ZUMERCOTE—occupation of, proposed oe 38

REPORT

ON THE

STATE oF BOOTAN,

AND ON PIE

PROGRESS of the MISSION of 1863-64.

By the Hon'ble Ashley Coen,.

BNVOY TO BOOTAN.

To Colonel H. M. Duranp, C. B., Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department,— (dated Darjeeling, the 20th July 1864.)

Sir,—In my letter No. 45, dated the 21st April, I have given a detailed and minute account of the proceedings whilst at Paro and Poonakh of the Mission to which I was appointed by your letter No. 495, dated the 11th August 1863. I considered that an account of the ill-treatment to which we were exposed whilst engaged in the duty entrusted to us should for many reasons be kept distinct from my general Report on the State of Bootan and on our progress through the country, and in so doing I had the precedent of Captain Pemberton’s Mission in 1837.

2. Having in view the necessity which has unfortunately been forced upon us of now adopting some decisive and punitive policy towards the Government of Bootan, it seems to me to be expedient that I should briefly review the whole of our political relations with that country from first to last, and that I should describe at length the long series of events which led to the deputation of the Mission under my charge, so far as I am able to do so from the records at my disposal.

3. There is nothing, apparently, on record to show that previous

to the year 1772 the Government of India had

Early Relations with any political cognizance whatever of Bootan. In Bootan.

that year, however, the Bootanese obtruded them-

selycs upon our notice by setting up a claim to the District of Cooch

Boatan fission.

2 EARLY RELATIONS WITH BOOTAN.

Behar. They invaded and took possession of a great portion of that little State, and carried off the Raja Durundcr Narain and his brother, the Dewan Dco, with the intention of placing on the throne a Raja of thcir own. The Cooch Behar family solicited the aid of the Government of India, which was at once accorded, and a detachment of four companies of Sepoys with two guns was despatched under Captain Jones for the purpose of driving back the invaders to thcir own Frontier. ‘This duty was so efficiently performed by Captain Jones and his little force, that the Boatanese were not only driven beyond the Frontier, but were followed into Bootan by Captain Jones, who carried the three Forts of Darling, (Delamcotta of the maps,) Chichacottah, and Passakha, and so pressed the Bootanese that they were compelled to invoke the aid of the Thibetan Government at Lassa. In consequence of this appeal the Teshoo Lama, who, during the minority of the Delai Lama, was acting as Regent of Tibet, addressed to the Governor General, Warren Hastings, a very friendly and intelligent letter which was read in Council on the 29th of March 1774. In this letter the Teshoo Lama sued for peace on behalf of the Government of Bootan, denouncing the Bootanese as a “ rude and ignorant race ;” suggesting that, though they had fully deserved punishment, they had been sufliciently chastened ; and urging that, as Bootan formed a dependency of Thibet, a persistence in the prosecution of the war with Bootan might irritate the Grand Lama and all his subjects against the British Government, He concluded by saying, ‘‘ I have reprimanded the Deb ‘‘ for his past conduct, and I have admonished him to desist from his * evil practices in future, and to be submissive to you in all things. I ‘am persuaded he will conform to the advice which I have given him, “and it will be necessary that you treat him with compassion and ‘clemency. As for my part, I am but a Faqueer; and it is the custom ‘Cof my sect, with the rosary in our hands, to pray for the welfare of ‘ all mankind, and especially for the peace and happiness of the inha- “ bitants of this country, and I do now, with my head uncovered, ‘ entreat that you will cease from all hostilities against the Deb in ‘future.’ This letter was conveyed to Calcutta by a Hindoostanee pilgrim named Porungheer Gossein, who some years later accompanied Captain Turner on his Mission to Thibet, and a Thibetan named Paima. They were charged to deliver certain presents to the Governor General, amongst which were shects of gilt leather stamped with the Russian Kagle, showing that even at that pemod there was commercial intercourse between Russia and Central Asia. The Governor General appeared to consider that this letter afforded a favorable opportunity for an attcmpt to establish friendly relations with Thibct, and to open

MISSIONS OF BOGLE AND TURNER. 3 out to our commerce a country heretofore closed against us. The Council therefore at once complied with the request of the Teshoo Lama, and a treaty of peace, on the basis of the return of each country to the boundaries which existed before the invasion of Cooch Behar, was made on the 25th of April 1774. The Bootanese engaged to deliver up the captive Raja of Cooch Behar and his brother, and to pay a tribute of five Tangun horses for the District of Chichacottah, of which we had taken possession, but which, with all other lands taken during the war, was returned on the execution of the treaty. The Deb Raja at the same time undertook to respect the Territory of the East India Company ; to deliver up Ryots running away from the Company’s Territories ; to prosecute any demands the Bootanese might have upon British subjects before the regular Courts of the British Government ; to refuse shelter to Sunniassees hostile to the English, or to allow English troops to follow them into Bootan ; to permit the Hon’ble Company to cut timber in the forests under the Hills, and to protect the wood-cutters. 4, With the view of establishing communication with the Government of Lassa, the Government of India deter- Missions of Messrs. mined to send an Envoy with a reply to the letter ene of Teshoo Lama, and a the 6th ‘of May 1774 Mr. Bogle was deputed to the Court of the Regent with a letter from the Governor General, and with presents of pearls, corals, brocades, cloth, shawls, &. Mr. Bogle was detained for a considerable time at Tassishujung, the winter capital of Bootan, and did not reach the Court of the Lama till October 1774. There is no record of his progress through Bootan, but as he reached his destination and returned to British Territory in safety, it may be assumed that the Bootanese treated him in a friendly manner whilst he was in their country. Mr. Bogle does not appear to have been charged with any political functions in regard to Bootan. In.the discharge of his duties in Thibet he seems to have met with complete success, and to have obtained the entire confidence of the Regent, so much so indeed that on his return he was entrusted by the Lama with a sum of money for the purpose of building, on his behalf, a temple on the banks of the River Hooghly. It would be interesting to know whether this temple still exists, and if so, how it is maintained. After the death of Teshoo Lama in China, and on the reported re-incarnation of the Grand Lama, the Governor General, with a view of strengthening and maintaining the friendship established by Mr. Bogle, determined to despatch an Envoy with his congratulations on the event. Captain Turner was selected for this duty, and started in 1783; he was detained in Bootan from