The diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe, wife of the first lieutenant-governor of the province of Upper Canada, 1792-6 : with notes and a biography by J. Ross Robertson, and two hundred and thirty-seven illustrations, including ninety reproductions of interesting sketches made by Mrs. Simcoe

Front matter

THE DIARY

OF

Mrs. John Graves Simcoe

Preface

The early history of Upper Canada has been usually sought for in constitutional documents and State papers. The social life of the period is recorded principally in the few private letters which have survived a century. To this scanty fund of information it is to be hoped that the diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe, the wife of the first Governor^ will make an interesting addition.

This record is the simple recital of her daily life in the pioneer days when Niagara was the centre of military, civil and social life in the new province, and York, the future capital, could scarcely count a score of habitable dwellings outside the primitive barracks that the Governor had erected within the few acres of ground where still stands the Fort — the Old Fort — as it is familiarly called in these modern days. Yes, when Navy Hall, on the banks of the Niagara River, was the first Government house of the province and an attractive home, full of welcome for visitors, official and unofficial.

The original manuscript of the diary, of which this volume embodies the only copy, has been carefully transcribed by the kind permission of Mrs. Simcoe, of Wolford, the Simcoe estate, near the old town of Honiton in Devon, so well known to womankind for its manufacture of exquisite lace. Mrs. Simcoe is the present lady of the manor, and widow of the late Captain John Kennaway Simcoe, R.N., Justice of the Peace for the County of Devon. He was the only son of the late Rev. Henry Addington Simcoe (1800-1868) of Penheale in Cornwall, who was the third son of General Simcoe. Captain Simcoe died at Wolford in March, 1891.

As a general rule entries were made in this record day by day and the writings mailed every week to Mrs. Hunt, a lady who had undertaken the charge of Mrs. Simcoe's four daugliters, Eliza, Charlotte, Henrietta, and Caroline, all under seven years of age, who remained at Wolford. Sophia, born in 1789, and Francis Gwillim, born- in 1791, accompanied the Governor and his wife to Canada.

The diary was commenced on the 17th September, 1791, nine days prior to Mrs. Simcoe's departure from Weymouth for Quebec, on" the ^'Triton," man-of-war. The last entries are on tlie lC^\h October, 1796, when Governor Simcoe and his wife again arrived in London.

My annotations, instead of being arranged and ]ila('ed in (he conventional form as footnotes, ai'c incorpornicMl willi tlu^ texi of tlie diary following the entries to which tliey belong. The notes are so volnminous that, if given at the foot of each page, they would be pages in advance of iho text. T'he reader will, Iherofove. have

ix

PEEFACE the advantage of reading first the text and then the note which accompanies it. The few brief notes that appear in parenthesis throughout the actual text are principally from memoranda made by Mrs. Simcoe in connection with the small maps that form part of the diary.

The illustrations, except where otherwise stated, are reproductions of water-colors, pen sketches and pencil drawings made by Mrs. Simcoe on her outward-bound voyage, and during her residence in Canada and after her return in 1796 to her old home in Devon.

The originals of these drawings are nearly all at Wolford. But thirty-two, in sepia, are in a portfolio in the Eoyal Library in the British Museum. This library was given by George II. to the Museum, and with the gift the Eoyal privilege of receiving gratuitously a copy of every book copyrighted in the British dominions passed to the Museum. After his return to England, Governor Simcoe presented these drawings to His Majesty King George III. Some of them are copies of sketches made by Lieutenant Eobert Pilkington (afterwards Major-General), one of the staff, while on various excursions ^¥i^h the Governor. The inscription on the title page of the portfolio which contains these pictures reads: "Thirty-two views in Upper Canada by Mrs. Simcoe, presented to His Majesty by Governor Simcoe, with a sketch of Upper 'Canada, drawn on bark." These have been carefully reproduced. Other water-colors of the collection which have so faded that they could not be satisfactorily reproduced have been redrawn, while the original pen-and-ink sketches and pencil drawings are in facsimile.

N'otwithstanding its excellence, the value of the art work of Mrs. Simcoe lies not so much in its merit as an exemplification of good color and pencil work, but in the fact that it gives to present readers of Canadian history faithful pictures of places and scenes in Tipper and Lower Canada from 1791-6, which we would have lost absolutely had it not been for the gifted hand of the wife of the first Governor.

Were it not for her work, we would not have views of Toronto Harbor at the end of the eighteenth century. We would not be able to contrast the quiet of the harbor and its surroundings in 1793, when it was the home of the aborigine and the haunt of the wild fowl, with the commercial activities of to-day. We would not have a picture of the Mohawk Village on the Grand Eiver near Brantford, which, with the exception of the Mohawk Church, has passed away; nor of the early days of the Niagara and Kingston settlements that were then and are now important places in the history of the Province of Tipper Canada.

Her sketches of places on the route from Quebec to York, in and about Niagara, and her copies of Lieutenant Pilkington's sketches in the Georgian Bay district, must also add much to the interest of the reader. One of Mrs. Simcoe's best efforts is a large water-color of the Falls of Niagara, made during her many visits to this favored spot. It adorns the walls of Wolford.

x

PEEFACE

To the diary I have appended the journal of John Bailey, who for over thirty-seven years was in the service of the Simcoe family at Wolford. He entered the Simcoe household in the autumn of 1802, when a lad twe]ve years of age, and after the death of General Simcoe in 1806 he continued in the service of Mrs. Simcoe for ahout two years. He then went to sea for a short time, but once more wore the Simcoe livery from 1818 to 1850, when his mistress died.

In her travels in different parts of England and Wales never once did she neglect to have Bailey look after all arrangements for her comfort, and act when desired as her coachman. His opinions, his reverence for Mrs. Simcoe, his devotion to the family, mark him as a man of more than ordinary intelligence. It is most refreshing to read his narrative.

The writing of the biography of Mrs. Simcoe entailed much research. Every facility was courteously afforded me by Mrs. John Kennaway Simcoe. I can never sufficiently thank her for her unwearying efforts to help me in my quest concerning not only the life of Mrs. Simcoe, but also that of General Simcoe, whose biography will appear in another volume.

Nothing has ever been published concerning the esteemed and talented wife of the first Governor of Upper Canada. In presenting this record of her life my hope is that it not only may be read with pleasure, but also find a place on the bookshelf of all who take interest in the pioneer days of the province that started its pace in the making of history one hundred and twenty years ago.

Toronto, August, 1911.

XI

Chapter I

Mrs. Simcoe — Her Ancestors. page

The early days of Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim — The home at Old Court — Her father a distinguished officer — The Gwillims of noble lineage — Arms and genealogy of the family 1

CHAPTER II. Ancestors of John Graves Simcoe

Origin of Simcoe family — Capt. John Simcoe, R.N. — His marriage — Simcoe arms granted — Death of Capt. Simcoe — Brief sketch of John Graves Simcoe in American Revolutionary War and as Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada 12

CHAPTER III. Courtship and Marriage

Colonel Simcoe meets Miss Gwillim — Engagement — Marriage — Simcoe-Gwillim arms — Removal to Wolford — Appointed Lieutenant- Governor of Upper Canada 29

CHAPTER IV. Farewell to Wolford

Arrival at Weymouth — Pleasant days before setting sail for Canada — First entry in Mrs. Simcoe's diary — Mrs. Simcoe meets Lady Collier — George III.— Visit to the island of Portland — Story of the custom of gavel-kind — The records kept by a reeve staff — Something about the reeve — Lady de la Pole — Capt. Murray of the " Triton " — Mrs. Simcoe meets a number of distinguished officers - - - - 35

CHAPTER V. The Governor and Suite Embark

Captain Stevenson and Lieutenant Grey — The Azores — The " Deal Castle " — A gale — Mother Carey's chickens — Off Sable Island — Cape Breton sighted — In the Gulf of St. Lawrence — Communication with the " Liberty " — Heavy seas — Signalling a pilot - - 43

CHAPTER VI. The Governor and His Family in Quebec

Sir Alured Clarke — Prince Edward — Regrets at leaving the " Triton " — First impressions of Quebec — Capt. Murray sails for Halifax — House in St. John Street — Recollet Church — INIrs. Simcoe meets Quebec notables — Colonel Simcoe sets out for Montreal — The Chateau St. Louis — Lieut. Talbot returns with Colonel Simcoe from Montreal 53

xiii

Chapter VII

Mrs. Simcoe Spends an Enjoyable Winter. page

Feast of the Epiphany — A visit to Falls of Montmorency — Mrs. Simcoe meets Prince Edward — Canoe travel in winter — An ice bridge — Social functions — Removal from St. John Street house — A journey from Frederickstown, N.B,, to Quebec — The Heights of Abraham — Cape Diamond — A catastrophe 73

CHAPTER VIII. Journey to Upper Canada

Governor Simcoe and suite leave for Upper Canada — The Bishop of Caps — Letters from England — A night at Cap Sante with habitants— A drive to Grondines — Impressions of places en route to Montreal — Capt. Stevenson meets the party at Pointe aux Trembles (en haut) — In Government House, Montreal — Joseph Frobisher extends hospitality — La Baronne de Longueuil — From Montreal to Lachine — A Highland welcome — Courtesy of settlers along the St. Lawrence — Sojourn at Gananoque — Arrival at Kingston — Its unfitness as a seat of Government - - - - 89

CHAPTER IX. Simcoe Takes Oath of Office

Early Kingston — The shipyard — The lake fleet — Simcoe takes oaths as Governor — Entertained by Indians — Mrs. Macaulay calls on Mrs. Simcoe — Method of clearing land — Rev. John Stuart — The Governor determines to proceed to Niagara — On board the " Onondaga " Ill

Chapter X

Mrs. Simcoe's Arrival at Niagara.

Navy Hall and environments — Freemasons' Hall — An early call at Hon. Robert Hamilton's — Mrs. Simcoe spends a day sightseeing — Making friends — A thunderstorm — The visit of H.R.H. Prince Edward — Mr. Littlehales goes to Philadelphia to see the British Ambassador — Commodore Bouchette surveys Toronto harbor — Thayendanegea — Evening pastimes - - - - - - - 121

CHAPTER XI. Journeys of the Governor

,Mr. Littlehales returns from Philadelphia — The Governor and party set out for Detroit — Different stages of the journey — Home again — An account of the trip — Governor Simcoe indisposed — A fortnight at Queenstown — The " Upper Canada Gazette " — Captain ^neas Shaw's family arrives at Niagara — The Governor's first visit to Toronto - - - 146

CHAPTER XIl.

American Commissioners Guests at Navy Hall.

Their arrival — The King's birthday celebrated — Sir William Johnson — Mrs. Simcoe ill at Fort Niagara — Queen's Rangers in- camp — The Commissioners leave for Fort Erie — Illness of Francis Gwillim Simcoe — Recuperates at the camp on the mountain — An Indian council — Mrs. Simcoe's first visit to Toronto — Picturesque scenes — Ojibways pay their respects — Envoys of the Government — Governor's trip to Lake Huron — Varied experiences - - - 164

xiv

CHAPTER XIII. Building op Castle Frank on River Don. page

The want of a summer home — a site for Castle Frank selected — Description of the building — Life in the early days of York — Dining in a meadow on Toronto peninsula — A canoe trip to Scarborough Heights — Peculiarity of Indian burial rites — Armed schooner " Onondaga " of the Provincial Government — Sergeant Wright of the Queen's Rangers — Mrs. Simcoe visits old French Fort Rouille - - 203

CHAPTER XIV. A Winter at York

Residing in Castle Frank — John Scadding's dwelling burned — The " Onondaga " afloat — Poverty of Indians — Instructions of Lord Dorchester with regard to building Fort Miami — Mr. McGill's farm— Again at Niagara — Rumor of war — Francis Gwillim Simcoe's third birthday — Soldier accidentally wounds the Governor — An excursion to the " Forty " — General Washington at Philadelphia— Bishop Mountain visits Niagara — News from Fort Miami — Return of Alex. Mackenzie from the Pacific - - - 213

Chapter XV

Mrs. Simcoe Visits Quebec.

Uncertainty of continued peace necessitates Mrs. Simcoe's going to Lower Canada — The " Mississaga " in readiness — Passage for Molly Brant— Anchored in Kingston harbor — Hospitality of Gananoque settlers — A stormy sail, attended with anxiety — Lachine reached — ^Wearisome drive to Montreal — Mr. Frobisher always hospitable — ^Voyage recommenced — The closing day — Welcome at Cap Sante — Reception at Belmont — Friendships renewed — Certainty of peace — Courtesy of Lord and Lady Dorchester — Loss of the Bridget" 244

CHAPTER XVI. Return to Upper Canada

Assembly at the Chateau — Social enjoyments — Lady Dorchester calls to take leave of Mrs. Simcoe — Travel in winter season — The Governor meets his wife — They proceed westward — Difficulties on the way — In Kingston — Many miles covered on Bay of Quinte ice — The Governor seriously ill — In great danger off Gibraltar Point — Gaieties at York — Pleasurable canoe trip to Niagara - - - 264

CHAPTER XVII. Visit of Duke de la Rochefoucauld

Prominent in France — Guest at Navy Hall — His remarks regarding Mrs. Simcoe — " Anglo-Canadian's " criticism — Mrs. Simcoe's opinion of the Duke and his party — Mrs. McGill visits Niagara — Characteristics of Fort Erie — Governor Simcoe proceeds to Long Point and Mrs. Simcoe returns to Niagara — A mineral spring — Long Point (Charlotteville) impresses the Governor favorably — His illness on return 277

XV

CHAPTER XVIII. Visit to New Capital of Upper Canada. page

A quick trip across the lake — Mr. John B. Laurence accompanies the party to York — Deer in vicinity of Lake Simcoe — Castle Frank in process of erection — Pishing on the Don River — Governor's health improves — Winter picnics — John Macaulay (Honorable John Simcoe Macaulay) an axeman — Thaw affects the " Head of the Lake " — A few days at Castle Prank in camp fashion - - 297

CHAPTER XIX. A Trip Across Lake Ontario

The Governor worse — The journey from York to Niagara is made in four hours — A snowfall in May — News of the ratification of Jay's Treaty — Mrs. Simcoe takes leave of Mrs. Hamilton — Parewell to Navy Hall — Grandeur of the " Porty " — Over mountain and stream to the " Kings' Head " inn — The surrounding country — Some inhabitants — Sight-seeing at Stoney Creek — A diversion at Burlington Bay — Embarked at the inlet — A sail through a heavy sea to the River Credit — Arrival at York 310

CHAPTER XX. Leavetakings of Friends

Castle Prank in summer — The Governor receives official reply to his request for leave of absence — He and his suite to sail on the "Pearl" from Quebec — A round of farewells — Mrs. Simcoe much depressed at leaving friends — Sail from York on 21st July, arriving in Kingston on 25th — A short stay in Kingston — Some events of the voyage east to Lachine — Piloted through the rapids to Montreal — Sojourn at Mr. Edward Gray's — Unpleasant voyage from Montreal to Three Rivers — A few minutes with Rev. Dr. Mountain — Mrs. Simcoe enjoys approach to Quebec — Greetings at Belmont 332

CHAPTER XXI. Homeward Bound

Bishop Mountain places his house in Quebec at Mrs. Simcoe's disposal — She accepts offer — The " Active " with Lord Dorchester wrecked off Anticosti — Mrs. Simcoe fears Lord Dorchester will sail on the " Pearl "—A visit to the Convent of the Ursulines — Recollet Church destroyed by fire — Embark on the " Pearl " — Chased by French frigates — Anxiety at an end — Several days of stormy weather — Land's End sighted — In the Downs — Pleasant hours at Dover — The Cathedral at Canterbury — Mrs. Simcoe contrasts English climate with that of Canada — Arrival in London - - 350

CHAPTER XXII. Again at Wolford — Simcoe's Death

The home-coming — Life at Wolford — Gov. Simcoe appointed Commander-in-Chief at San Domingo — Climatic conditions unfavorable— Returns to England — Commander of the Western Military District — Appointed Commander-in-Chief in India, followed by orders to leave for Portugal — Mrs. Simcoe makes preparations to leave for the East — News of the General's illness and return to England — Mother and daughters hasten to Exeter — General Simcoe's death 359

xvi

CHAPTER XXIII. Mrs, Simcoe and Her Children. page

Wolford after the death of the General — Rev. Henry Addington Simcoe— Work of the Misses Simcoe — What they did for the Parish of Dunkeswell — The building of the Abbey church — Carving and ornamentation by the Misses Simcoe — Death of Mrs. Simcoe — An impressive funeral service — A daughter on her mother's character— Capt. John Kennaway Simcoe succeeds to Wolford — His marriage and life on the old estate 363

CHAPTER XXIV. Loving Words from the Pulpit

A last tribute to Mrs. Simcoe — A memorial sermon in the parish

church — Every parishioner present — A memorable gathering - 370

Chapter XXV

The Will of Mrs. Simcoe.

Her daughters her heirs — Leaves a large sum of money to each — The land and estate of Dunkeswell Abbey left to Eliza and Caroline as joint tenants — Mr. Walcot, of Oundle, a cousin of Mrs. Simcoe, bequeaths a large estate to the Simcoe family . . . . 381

CHAPTER XXVI. General Simcoe's Estate in Canada

His lands principally in the eastern part of the province — His income as Governor — Accounts not all adjusted when he left Canada — Trouble in disposing of lands and in collection of arrearages — The Castle Frank property, which belonged to Francis, his eldest son — Mrs. Simcoe's interest in property at York — Kept up a correspondence with Canadian friends until within a short time of her death — Profound regard for Rev. Dr. Scadding, of Toronto - 387

CHAPTER XXVII. John Bailey's Memoirs

The author talks with some of the old retainers of Dunkeswell Parish — Kindly words of the Simcoes from tenants — Something about Bailey 390

CHAPTER XXVIII. Bailey's Opinion of the Simcoe Family

Tells of incidents in the daily life at Wolford — Pleasurable outings — Catastrophe at the " Old Passage " — Bailey a man well versed in Bible knowledge — The Simcoes as early risers — The improvements on the estate at Wolford — Visit of Mrs. Simcoe to her son. Henry Addington Simcoe at Penheale — North Wales a favorite touring place — Bailey's knowledge of every locality visited - - 393

Chapter XXIX

The Passing of Mrs. Simc^oe.

Describes the funeral of the General in 1800, and of liis mistress in 1850 — Comments on death and the resurrection — liailoy tolls of General Simcoe's work as commander of the South-Westorn District— Describes a sham battle near Honiton — Training of volunteers Simcoe's great care — Bailey on the proposed Froncli invasion 403

xvii

CHAPTER XXX. The Village of Dunkeswell. page

Its improvement in fifty years — Improvements at Wolford — Estate and military discipline — Bailey again gives opinion on the chances of a war with France — Dinner parties at the Manor House — Death of the General — Bailey's high opinion of the Misses Simcoe 409

CHAPTER XXXI. Incident and Comment

His recollections of the General — Bailey intersperses comment of a religious character in relating his story — As a small boy in the butler's pantry — Curious incident concerning a distinguished Frenchman — Journey to Bath — A runaway - - - . 415

Chapter XXXII

Many Journeys with Mrs. Simcoe.

Places and scenes — Comparisons by Bailey — Musings — Courtesy and

Liberality of the General — Always progressing - - - - 422

CHAPTER XXXIII. Tribute by Bailey

Wolford a great social centre in Devon— The General appointed to India— The Scadding family in Devon and Canada— Bailey quotes Scripture — Likens Governor Simcoe to Biblical characters - ■ 426 xviii

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Mrs. John Graves Simcoe Frontispiece

John Graves Simcoe, Frontispiece

" Old Court," near Ross, Herefordshire 1

Colonel Gwillim - - 2

(From the plaster bust at Wolford, Devon.)

The Old Church of Whitchurch before Restoration - - - 3 (From a drawing- by Mrs. Simcoe in the J. Ross Robertson collection. )

Arms of Gwillim 4

(From a drawing- in the College of Arms, London, Eng-land.)

The Gwillim Tomb at Whitchurch 6

Colonel Gwillim . . g

The Residence known as Hembury Port 9

Mrs. Simcoe in; Welsh Dress 10

(From a miniature at Wolford, Devon.)

Brocade Skirt of Gown worn by Mrs, Simcoe 11

(From the orig-inal at Wolford, Devon.)

Gate of Beeston Castle, near Bunbury, Cheshire - - - - 13 (From a drawing- made in 1818, in the J. Ross Robertson collection.)

Arms of John Simcoe, R.N. - 15

From a drawing- in College of Arms, London, Eng-land.)

Captain James Cook 15

Sir William Howe 16

Hon. James Baby 21

Navy Hall, Niagara, 1792 - Face 22

(From a drawing- by Mrs. Simcoe, in the Royal Library, British Museum, London.)

BUCKERALL PARISH ClIURCH, NEAR HoNITON, DeVON - - - - 29 (From a drawing- in the J. Ross Robertson collection.)

BUCKERALL PARISH ClIURCH, INTERIOR 80

The Simcoe Marriage Certificate 31

(From register of Buckerall Parish Church.)

SiMCOE-GwiLLTM Arms, 1782 32

(From a drawin.g in the College of Arms, London, Eni;land.>

SiMCOE-GwiLLiM Arms, 1792 32

(From a drawing at Wolford, Devon.)

xix

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

WOLFORD, NEAR HONITON, DeVON - - 33

(From a drawing- in the J. RoiSS Robertson collection.)

North View of Weymouth, 1788 35

(From a drawing in the Broadley collection, Bridport, Dorset.)

George III. 36

(From an engrraving- in the J. Ross Robertson collection.)

A Reeve Staff 38

(From a drawing- by B. O. Pearce, ex-Reeve of Portland.)

View of Weymouth, looking West, 1791 39

(From a water-color by Wm. Delamotte, in the Broadley collection, Bridport.)

Baron Grenville 39

Baron Thurlow 40

(From an engrraving- in the .1. Ross Robertson collection.)

Princess of Wurtemburg - - - - 40

Lady Poulett 41

(From a miniature owned by the late Miss Gwynne, Toronto.)

Sir George Murray 41

Sir William Sydney Smith 41

Earl St. Vincent 42

Sir Charles Grey 43

(From a portrait in possession of His Excellency Earl Grey, Governor-General of Canada).

A Snow Bird 47

A Crossbill 47

Island of Entry, 1791 49

The " Liberty " 50

Lord Dorchester 50

Island of Anticosti - 51

J. F. Wallet des Barres 52

(From a portrait in possession of Rev. C. W. Vernon, Halifax, N.S.)

Brandy Pots Islands, 1791 52

Sir Alured Clarke 53

(From an engraving in the Public Library, Toronto.)

Prince Edward 54

The Recollet Church 55

(From a drawing of interior of the church, restored after the siege of Quebec.)

Judge Adam Mabane. - 56

(From an engraving- in the Legislative Library, Quebec.)

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PAGE

The Residence known as " Samos " - - - - - - - 57

(From a drawing- in possession of P, B. Casg-rain, K.C., Quebec.)

Sueveyor-General Samuel Holland 57

(From a miniature in possession of his g-reat-g-randson, A. E3. Holland, St. Eleanor's, Prince Edward Island.)

Canadian Carriole 58

Belmont, near Quebec 59

Officers' Carriole 60

Ruins of Intendant's Palace, Quebec, 1791 60

The Fort and Chateau St. Louis, Quebec — Reconstructed by

Frontenac, 1694-8 61

The Old Chateau Stone - 62

Haldimand Castle, Quebec Face 62

(From a water-color by H. Bunnell, 1887.)

Colonel Thomas Talbot 65

(From a water-color by J. B. Wandesforde, in possession of Mrs. Georg-e Miacbeth, London, Ontario.)

Colonel Talbot's Residence, Port Talbot 65

(From a sketch sent to Eng-land in 1806, copied by Mrs. Simcoe.)

Mgr. Hubert ; 66

(From an eng-raving- in the Leg-islative Library, Quebec.)

Convent of the Ursulines, Quebec - 67

(From a drawing- by Richard Short, 1761, eng-raved by James Mason. )

The General Hospital, Quebec 68

(From a drawing- in the Dominion Archives, Ottawa.)

The Cathedral, Quebec, as Restored 69

(From Routhier's "Quebec")

St. Louis Gate, Quebec, 1791 70

(From a drawing- in the Dominion Archives, Ottawa.)

MoNS. Grave de la Rive 71

Colonel John Butler 71

General St. Clair 72

Bishop Plessis 73

(From a portrait in possession of L. P. Sylvain, Assistant Librarian, Library of Parliament, Ottawa.)

Sir Frederick Haldimand, Bart. 75

Chief Justice William Smith 7G

The Provision Storr, Quebec 76

Hon. Franqois Baby ----- 77

(From a portrait in the Dominion Archives, Ottawa.)

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PAGE

MoNS. Ignace DE Salaberry . - - 78

(From a silhouette in possession of Mons. Hertel la Rocque, Montreal. )

Madame de Salaberry - - - - - - - - - - 78

(From a silhouette in possession of Mons. Hertel la Rocque, Montreal. )

Father P. Felix de Berey - 78

(From a portrait in possession of L. P, Sylvain, Assistant Librarian, Library of Parliament, Ottawa.)

Mons. Ignace de Salaberry 78

(From a portrait in the Chateau de Ramezay, Montreal.)

Colonel ^neas Shaw 79

(From a portrait from life in possession of his grandson. Colonel Georg-e Shaw, Toronto.)

Hon. James McGh^l, Montreal 80

Hon. Isaac Ogden 81

(From a portrait in possession of L. P. Sylvain, Assistant Librarian, Library of Parliament, Ottawa.)

Major-General James Wolfe - 82

By the River, Quebec, 1792 83

Cascade near Wolfe's Cove, Quebec, 1792 - - - - • - 84 (From a drawing- by Mrs. Simcoe at Wolford, Devon.)

Hon. Paul Rocque de St. Ours 84

Chief Justice William Osgoode - 85

(From an oil painting- from life at Wolford, Devon.)

Hon. Peter Russell - 86

Near Falls of Montmorency, Quebec, 1792 - - - - Face 86 (From a drawing by Mrs. Simcoe at Wolford, Devon.)

John McCord, Jr. - 91

Sir E. Baker Baker, Bart. (Major E. B. Littlehales) - - - 93 (From a portrait from life in possession of his grandson, Sir Randolph Littlehales Baker, Bart, Dorset, Bng-land.)

Chambly, on the St. Lawrence, 1792 94

(From a drav/ing- by Mrs. Simcoe at Wolford, Devon.)

Varennes, on the St. Lawrence, 1792 94

Joseph Frobisher - - - - 94

Government House — Chateau de Ramezay, Montreal - - - - 95 (From an eng-raving- in " Hochelag-a Depicta," 1839.)

MONKLANDS, A FORMER GOVERNMENT HoUSE, MONTREAL - - - 96

(From "Montreal After 250 Years," by W. D. Ligrhthall, K.C.).

Dowager Baroness de Longueuil (Marie Fleury D'Eschambault) - 98 (From an oil painting- from life in possession of Mrs. Rushton Faircloug-h, her grreat-g-reat-granddaug-hter, Stanford University, Cal.)

Hon. Wm. Grant - - 98 xxii

PAGE

Fourth Baroness de Longueuil (Marie Charles Joseph Le Moyne) - 98 (From an oil painting- from life in possession of Mrs. Arklay Fergusson, her g-reat-granddaughter, Ethiebeaton, Scotland.)

PoiNTE Au Bodet, 1792 Face 100

(From a drawing- by Mrs. Simcoe in the Royal Library, British Museum, London.)

Hon. John Munro - - - - 103

Carey's House, Gananoque, 1792 106

View near the Thousand Islands, 1792 . . . . Face 106 (From a drawing- by Mrs. Simcoe at Wolford, Devon.)

View near Gananoque, 1792 109

Cataraqui (Kingston), South-east View ... - Face 112 (From a drawing- by James Peachey, 1783, in the J. Ross Robertson collection.)

A Distant View of Kingston, in 1792 115

Dr. James Macaulay 118

(From an oil painting- from life, in possession of his granddaug-hters, the Misses Macaulay, Bxmouth, Devon.)

Mrs. Macaulay 118

(From an oil painting- from life, in possession of the Misses Macaulay, Exmouth, Devon.)

Rev. John Stuart 119

Only Remaining Building of Navy Hall Group 122

Navy Hall, Niagara, from the River, 1792 - - - - Face 122 (From a drawing- by Mrs. Simcoe in the J. Ross Robertson collection.)

Hon. Robert Hamilton - 126

(From a miniature in possession of his g-randson, Clark Hamilton, of Kingston, Ontario.)

Residence of Hon. Robert Hamilton, Niagara River Road, 1792 - 127 (From a drawing by Mrs. Simcoe in the J. Ross Robertson collection.)

Niagara Palls from Canadian Side, 1792 . . . Face 128

(From a water-color by Mrs. Simcoe at Wolford, Devon.)

Colonel John Askin 132

(From a silhouette in possession of his grandson, A. H. Askin, Walkerville, Ontario.)

QUEENSTOWN, OR THE LoWER LANDING, 1792 - - - - FaCC 132

(From a drawing- by Mrs. Simcoe in the Royal Library, British Museum, London.)

Niagara River at Queenstown, 1792 135

Viscount George Garltes 136

(From a portrait at Newton-Stewart, Scotland.)

Queen's Ranger^' Huts at Queenstown, 1792 - - - Face 136 (From a drawing by Mrs. Simcoe in the J. Ross Robertson collection.)

Colonel Joseph Bouciiette - - - 140

(From an engraving in possession of Errol Bouchette, F.R.S.C., Ottawa.)

xxiii

PAGE

Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) - - ... . . - 142

(From an engrraving- in the J. Ross Robertson Masonic collection.)

Brant House, Residence of Joseph Brant, at Burlington, Ont. - 142 (From a drawing- in the J. Ross Rotoertson collection.)

Map of Niagara River, Showing Sites of First and Second Forts

Little Niagara, 1745-51 144

(From a drawing- by Peter A. Porter, of Niag-ara Falls, N. T.)

Remains near Fort Schlosser 145

(From a drawing- by the late Ool. Peter A. Porter, of Niag-ara Falls, N. Y.

Outline of Governor Simcoe's Route from Niagara to Detroit, 1793 147 (From a drawing- by Lieut. Pilking-ton, copied by Mrs. Simooe.)

The Mohawk Village, Grand River, near Brantford, showing Indian

Council House and Church, 1793 Face 148