An admonition to the people of England : against Martin Mar-prelate

Introduction

Of the Admonition there are two editions, both bearing the date of 1589, the title-pages of which are so much alike that the most minute examination fails to discover any difference in them. This similarity extends only to the early part of the work, for a difference in the width of the page, in pagination, and other circumstances soon lead to the conclusion of two distinct impressions. By a careful collation of the two editions, a few slight verbal differences occur, though they are unimportant, and the following passage in the corrected edition, " I will nowe come to answere briefly some particular slanders yttered against some Bishops and other by name," does not occur in the original. The second, or corrected edition is that chosen as the text of the reprint. The Author of the Admonition has not affixed his name to it, but the initials T. C. will be found at the end of the short preface ; and the work is well known to have been written by Thomas Cooper, at that time Bishop of Winchester, respecting whom some particulars may be found in Sir John Harington's State of the Church, and in Wood's Athence Oxonienses, by Dr. Bliss. Soon after the publication of the Admonition it was answered by Martin Mar-Prelate in Hay any worke for Cooper, wherein that author pointed out two passages in the Admonition, that, for some reason or other, it had been found necessary to cancel. At page 40 of the original edition. Bishop Cooper says, " The Libeller doth but dreame, let him and his doe what they dare," — over this last word is pasted

A 2

INTRODUCTION.

the word can. At page 135 of the same edition, its author seems to have admitted too much, where he says, " I will not deny it ;" over this is pasted, " That is not yet proued." It is perhaps not unimportant to add that in the second impression these passages are printed as corrected. Were we acquainted with the secret history of the Admonition we should not have to conjecture that Martin's calling attention to these variations led to the suppression of the original edition in which they occur, and to the substitution of another whose title page should mislead the reader ; or else, why not call it, what in reality it is, a second, or new edition ? The truth seems to be that the Admonition unquestionably was, as Strype states it to have been, a book of authority, written by command of Archbishop Whitgift, and in which the bishops answered for themselves ; not in writing certainly, but by communicating to its author the facts necessary for their vindication ; because he tells us, " For as much as I haue not bene curious in all my life to examine the doings of other, hauing ynough to do with mine owne, I haue in these matters vsed the instructio of them, whom no honest man may in Christian dutie suspect of vntrueth :" evidently indicating that he had been specially selected and instructed for the purpose. And in the case of Bishop Aylmer, he adds, " This have I laid downe word by worde, as I receiued the same from my Lorde of London." I know nothing that can be plainer than this, for if, to use the words of a learned modern writer, " There are many statements in Bishop Cooper's work which we must utterly dissent from," or, "when matters of doctrine are involved we should always give suspected parties the benefit of a doubt ;" whomsoever it may affect by admitting the statement above, we are not justified in attempting to throw discredit on such direct and credible testimony.

J. P.

AN

ADMONITION

TO THE PEOPLE OF

ENGLAND:

WHEREIN ARE AN- SWERED, NOT ONELY THE slaunderous vntrueihes, reprochfuUy vttered hy Martin the Libeller, hut also mmy other Crimes by some of his broode, obiected generally against all Bishops, and the chiefs of the Cleargie, purposely to deface and diseredite the present state of the Church.

Seene and allowed by authoritie.

Imprinted at London hy the Depaties

of Christopher Barker, Printer to the

Queenes most excellent Maiestie.

15 8 9.

TO THE READER.

I AM not ignorant (Gentle Reader) what daunger I drawe vpon my selfe, by this attempt to answere the quarrels and slaunders of late time published in certaine Libelles, against the Bishops and other chiefe of the Clergie of the Church of England. We see the eagernesse and boldnesse of their spirit that be the authors of them : we taste alreadie the bittemes of their tongues and pennes. The raging furie of their reuenge vpon all which they mislike, themselues dissemble not, but lay it downe in words of great threatnings. I must needs therfore looke for any hurt, that venemous, scoffing, and vnbridled tongues can worke toward me. And how shoulde I hope to escape that, when the Saints of God in Heauen doe feele it ? In the course of their whole Libell, ' when they speake of Peter, Paul, or the Blessed Virgin Marie, &c : whome other iustlie call Saintes, their phrase in derision is, Sir Peter, Sir Paule, Sir Marie. Surely it had becommed right well tho same vnmodest Spirite, to haue said also Sir Christ, and so throughly to haue bewrayed himself. Seeing they haue sharpned their tongues and hearts against heauen, wee poore creatures on earth must be content in our weaknesse to beare them. The dartes, I confesse, of deceitiiill viii To the Reader,

and slaunderous tongues, are verye sharps, and the burning of the woundes made by them, will as hardly in the hearts of many bee quenched, as the coales of Juniper. But I thanke God I feare them not, though they bring mee greater harme, eyther in credite, lining or life, then I trust that God that seeth, knoweth, and defendeth the trueth, will suffer them. Ambrose beeing in case somewhat like, sayeth thus, " Non tanti est vnius vita, quanti est dignitas omnium Sacerdotum." If I therefore shoulde hazarde the one for the defence of the other : T trust the godlye woulde iudge that T did that duetie which I owe to the Church of God, jand to my brethren of the same function and calling.

What is the cause why wee bee with such spight and malice discredited ? Surely, because as the duty of faythfuU Subiectes dooth binde vs, liuing in the state of a Church refourmed, we doo indeuour to preserue those Lawes, which her Maiesties authoritie and the whole state of the Realme hath allowed and established, and doe not admitte a newe platforrae of gouernment, deuised, I knowe not by whome.

The reasons that mooue vs so to doe, are these two. First, wee see no proofe brought ovit of _the word of God, that of necessitie such forme of Gouernement ought tp be : Secondly, that by the placing of the same, it woulde bring so many alterations and inconueniences, as in our opinion woulde bee dangerous to the Prince and to the Bealme. Some of those inconueniences I haue in this treatise laid downe, and leaue them to the consideration of them, whom God hath set i» place of gouernment.

It may be some will iudge that I am worldly affected, because I shewe my selfe so much grieued with losse of our

To the Reader. ix

credite, and hinderance of good name among the people. In trueth, although a godly Minister shoulde haue no worldly thing so deere vnto him, as his credite : yet if the hurt went no further then to our selues, wee should make lesse account of it. But, seeing by our reproche and infamie, the doctrine which wee teache is greatly hindered, we ought by all lawfull meanes to defend it. Christ himselfe, in this respect, answered such reproches, as the enemies obiected against him. As, " that hee was a friende vnto Publicanes, and Matth. a. sinners : That hee wrought his miracles by the power Matth. n. of Beelsebub : That hee broke the Sabbaoth day : John s. That hee was a Samaritane : That hee had a deuill &c.'' Saint Paul also to the Corinthians against his Aduersaries sheweth, that hee was not a " vaine Promiser :" That hee was not " light" and " vnconstant," and " a wauering Teacher :" That he did not teache " craftily," or " corruptly dispensing the worde of God :" That hee did not " teach ambitiously, as seeking his owne glorie" &c. The like did a nomber of learned Fathers of the Primitiue Church, at large Tertui. answering those vile and reprochefuU Slaunders Meiito, &c. raysed against the Christians in those dayes. Augvstine in a whole woorke answered Assertions falsly fathered vpon him : and so did many other. Wee seeke not therein our owne prayse and commendation. If I doe insert particular prayses and commendations, I must say vnto the Libellers, as S. Paul sayde to the Corinthians, " Si insipiens fui in laudando, vos me coegistis." If I haue bene foolish in ouermuch praising, your immodest reproches, vntrueths, and slaunders do driue me to it. In this mine answere, I seeke not to satisfie all kinde of men, but onely the moderate and godly. For the malicious

X To the Reader.

Back-biter and Rayler will neuer be satisfied : but the more

he is answered, the worse he will be. If my defence may

take moderate place with the better sort, I shall be glad : if

not, I may not be excessiuely grieued with sorowe, but I

must say with Paul, " Gloria nostra hsec est, testimonium

meus." This witnesse in heauen, and the witnesse of our

owne heart and conscience, is sufficient to comfort vs. And

for our further helpe, we must pray with Dauid, who was

lamentably beaten and bitten with viperous tongues, " Leade

vs, O Lorde, in thy righteousnesse, because of our enemies :

make thy way plaine before vs." This God I trust, will

deliuer vs from the daunger of euill tongues, and

open their eyes and hearts, that they may see

and vnderstande what hinderance they

bring to the Gospel of Christ, which

they will seeme to professe so

earnestly. Amen.

T. C.

The

THE CONTENTS OF THIS TREATISE.

An Admonition to beware of the contempt of the Bishops and other Preachers. Page 1.

The ende which the enemy of the Church of God respecteth in woorking their discredite. pag. 21.

Answeres to the vntrueths and slaunders vttered in Martins late Lihell. pag. 25.

Against my Lord of Canterhurie. ' pag. 28.

Against my Lord of London, pag. 39.

Against the Bishop of Rochester, Lincolne, and Winchester, pag. 48. 49. &c.

The causes why the Bishops desire to maintaine the present state of the gouemment of the Church, and what inconueniences they feare vpon the alteration thereof will come to the state of the Realme. pag, 61. &c.

Answeres to certaine generall Crimes obiected to all the Bishops without exception : as first, The Crime of Simonie and Couetousnesse. pag. 76.

The dispensing with Banes for money. pag. 79.

The Sale of Christian libertie in Marriages. pag. 82.

That they make lewde and vnlearned Ministers for money. pag. 86.

That they maintaine an vnlearned Ministery, and therby be occasion of Reuoltings, and many other mischiefs to the Prince and the Common weale : But it is declared that there is no such vnlearned Ministery as they pretend, and therefore can not bee an occasion of Reuolting, or any other like mischiefes, but that there bee other true and right causes to redresse, of which it behoueth them that God hath set in place in time to haue speciall regarde, for feare lest those mischiefes that be pretended, doe increase. pag. 88. &c.

The Crime of mainteyning Pilling and powling Courts, pag. 110.

The Crime of abusing Ecclesiasticall discipline. pag, lid.

xii The Contents.

The Crime of ambition and griedie seeking after Liuings and promotion.

pag. 117.

That Bishops are carnally disposed : which they shewe by hoardmg vp great summes of money, by purchasing Landes for their wiues and children, by furnishing their tables with plate and guilded Cups, by filling their purses with treasonable Fines and Incomes. pag. 121.

That the Prince ought to take away their great Lands and Liuings, and set them to meane Pensions, that in pouertie they may be answerable to the Apostles, pag. 129. which they take vpon them to prooue by the whole course of the Scriptures, pag. 135. The Lawe. pag. 144. The Prophets, pag. 146. The example of Christ, pag. 156. and the doctrine of his Apostles. pag. 173.

Answere to the prescription of the old Lawe, with the true meaning thereof. pag- 144-

Answere to the Allegations out of the Prophets, noting howe absurdly and affectionately they be abused. pag. 146. &o.

Answere to the example of Christ, and the true doctrine that is to be taken of the same. pag. 156. &c.

Answere to the doctrine of the Apostles, declaring how the same is rightly to be vnderstanded. pag. 173.

A Declaration, how Ministers haue bene maintained from the beginning : wherein is shewed, that they haue had both Lands, Houses, Rents, and Reuenues. pag. 192. &c.

A Declaration, that the wealthie state of the Church was not y^ chiefe cause of setting vp Antichrist in his Throne, as it is pretended : but that the Histories of that time do declare other causes of more importance, which also beginne to growe among vs, and therefore good heede to be taken in time. pag. 196. &c.

II AN ADMONITION TO THE CHURCH AND people of England, to take heede of the contempt of those Bishops and Preachers, which God hath sent to them as messengers to bring vnto them the doctrine of their Saluation,

When I call to my remembrance, the loathsome contempt, hatred, and disdaine, that the most part of men in these dayes beare, and in the face of the worlde declare towarde the Ministers of the Church of God, aswell Bishops as other among vs here ia Englande:'my heart can not but greatly feare and tremble at the consideration thereof. It hath pleased God now a long time most plentifully to powre downe vpon vs his manifold and great benefites of wealth, riches, peace and quietnesse, euen in the middest of the flames of discord, dissention and miserie rounde about vs, yea, and that more is, by the space of these thirtie yeeres, by the continuall preaching of the Gospell hath called vs vnto him (as before time he called his chosen people of the lewes by his Prophets) and yet do we not onely not shew any sound token, either of our returning to him that called vs, or of our thankefull receiuing his worde which he hath sent vs, or of conforming our Hues thereunto, as hee willeth vs: but also euidently to die eyes and eares of all men, shew our hatred and misliking of those reuerend persons, whome it hath pleased God to vse as his messengers to call vs vnto him, and as his instruments to bring vnto vs the 'glad tidings of the Gospel, which before with sworde and fire was taken from vs. For who seeth not in these dayes, that hee who can most bitterly inueigh against Bishops and Preachers, that can most boldely -blaze their discredites, that can most vncharitably slaunder their Hues and doings, thinketh of himselfe, and is esteemed of other, as the most zealous and earnest furtherer of the Gospel ? Yea, they thinke it almost the best way, and most ready, to bring themselues in credite and estimation with many. A lamentable state of time it is, wherein such vntemperat boldnesse is permitted without any bridle at all. What man therefore that feareth God, that loueth his Church, that hath care of his Prince and countrey, can remember this thing, and not dread 4 Reg. \7. in his heart, the sequela thereof? When the Israel- ^ '^- ites derided and contemned the Prophets which God

had sent among them, his wrath was so kindled, that hee

brought the Assyrians vpon them to their confusion.

When the tribe of luda did the like to leremie and other messengers of God, they were cast into the captiuitie Matt. 23. of Babylon. When the lewes reprochefully vsed luke 13. Christ, and with wicked slaunder persecuted his Apostles that brought to them the light of saluation, their Citie and Temple was burned, their people slaine, and (as Christ threatned) their countrey made desolate, and giuen ouer to the spoyle. And shall wee thinke that God will not remaine the same God toward vs ? Is his minde changed ? is his iustice slaked ? is his hand shortned, that either he wil not, or cannot reuenge, as he hath bin. wont to doe ? No (good Christians) let vs neuer deceiue our selues with such vaine and godlesse cogitations. God remaineth alwayes one, and is not mutable. His— benefits to the Israelites and lewes were neuer greater, then they now these many yeeres haue bene toward vs : they were neuer more earnestly, eyther by Gods blessings allured, or by preaching called to repentance then we haue bene. And yet our vnthankefulnesse, in some respectes is greater then theirs, and our vncourteous vsing of his messengers not much inferiour : yea, if the willes of many were not brideled by Gods singular grace, in our Prince and gouernours, it is to bee feared, it woulde shewe it selfe as outragious as theirs did. We haue iust cause therefore to feare the like plague, which they in like case sustained: And surely, it cannot bee, but that it hasteneth fast vpon vs.

Obiection.

But some will say (I knowe) " That I doe great iniurie to the Prophets, the Apostles, and other messengers of God, to compare them with such wicked men, such blinde guides, such couetous hypocrites, such antichristian Prelates, such symonicall Preachers, as our cleargie men now are."

Answere.

I doe not compare them (good Reader) in worthines of grace and vertue, but in likenesse of office and ministerie. These haue brought vnto this realme, the same light of the gospell, the same trueth of doctrine, the same way of saluation, that the Apostles brought to the people of God in their time. They are the mouth of God whereby hee speaketh to vs and calleth vs to his knowledge, as hee did his chosen by other in the Primitiue church. And howsoeuer by the libertie of this time, it pleaseth men in the heate of their spirite to boyle out with reprochfull choler against them : yet I am sure, they are not able to vse more bitter and vncourteous speech, then the like aflfection vttered against the Prophets, against Christ himselfe, and his Apostles, as after more euidendy shall appeare. I knowe, they being but fraile and sinfuU men in comparison of those blessed Saints of God beforetime, may giue more iust cause of reproche, and minister more matter to euill tongues, then they did : And yet I doubt not, but the tenth part of that euill that vnthankefull mindes vtter against them, shall neuer be found to be true. They that haue the feare of God, will not rashly iudge of other, and christian charitie will hide the blemishes and faultes of their brethren, and specially of the preachers of the gospell sincerely teaching Gods trueth. Charitie woulde consider, that the times are dangerous, and that wee are lighted into

B 2 these corrupt and perillous last dayes, whereof Christ propnecied in the Euangelists, and therfore may thinke oar selues thrise happy, if we haue toUerable Ministers, though they bee farre from that rule that Christian perfection requireth.

These dayes bee like the times Nazianzen writeth Apoiog. ^^^ "When they heare any thing spoken of a Minister or Priest, they by and by conceiue that of all, which is reported of one. And wee are become a Theater, not to Angels and men, (as that Champion Saint Paul sayth,) But wee are become a Stage to the most vile and abiect men at all times, and in all places, in the Streetes, in Shoppes, at Tables, at Feasts, at Councels, euen to the very playing scaffolds, which I speake with teares, and are scoffed at, euen of the vile and contemptible players." &c.

" The time was (sayth Caluine) when no man durst open his mouth against the Ministers or Preachers of the worde : But nowe there is no speech more plausible. None of these base persons would speake a word, if they did not see themselues backed by men of great authoritie, and receiue reward for so dealing. Such vntrueths woulde soone vanish and bee , forgotten, vnlesse they were nourished by them for whose pleasure they were deuised." It may be hardly thought, that the true zeale of God, and loue of his Gospell is in that heart, that can easily breake out to the discrediting of the ministers and teachers therof. They woulde rather sigh in their hearts and groane in their consciences, and pray vnto God in the spirit of mildenes, to take away such blemishes from the face of his church, and to amende the faults thereof, if not all at once, yet by little and little, as to his gratious prouidence might seem best. For surely where hatred and contempt of the ministers is, there all goodnes must needes growe to confusion. And that maketh mee to feare, that to our great euil, the ruine of the gospell is at hand among vs. For where God is loued and feared, there his word is imbraced, and his ministers reuerenced.

"This is the cause of all euil (sayth Chrysostome) ins.epist. that the authoritie of spirituall gouernours is decayed, adTim.2.1. no reuerece, no honor, no feare is vsed toward them. Obey your gouernours (saith Paul) and be subiect to them. But now al things are ouerthrowen and cleane confounded: Neither speake I this for the gouernours sake, but for your owne." And a little after, " He that honoureth the Priest honoureth God, and hee that despiseth the Priest, by little and little falleth to this also, that he will vse reproch against God himself. He that receiueth you (sayth Christ) receiueth me," And in another place, sayth the Scripture, "Haue his Priestes in honour." " Hence commeth it (sayth Cyprian) that the bonde of the Lordes Dezeio peace is broken: Hence is it that brotherly loue is ^ ^'"°'^" violated : Of this cause is it, that trueth is corrupted, vnitie is broken, that men leane to Schismes : because Priestes are slaundered, Bishops are enuied, and euery man, either complaineth that hee is not ordeined rather then another, or else disdaineth to haue another aboue him." &c.

The lewes were esteemed to despise God, because they made so small account of his seruant Moses. And to Samuel (saith the Lord) " They haue not despised thee, but me." "Yea, if it be an euill Minister, (sayth Chrysostome) yet God marketh, that for his sake thou doest reuerence and obey him, that is not worthie honour of himselfe, and therefore will he pay thee thy rewarde. If he that receiueth a Prophet in the name of a Prophet, receiue the rewarde of a Prophet, it cannot be that he that reuerenceth and obeyeth his ordinarie Minister, shall want his reward." Christians should remember that Bishops and Preachers are the Angels of God, the Amhassadours of Christ, the ^^-^ ^ Ministers of our saluation, and therefore that they 2 Cor. s, can not be slaimdered or abused, but the reproche ^ must touch God himselfe. Esay sheweth, when the vnthankefiil and disobedient lewes did mocke the Prophets, Esay sr.

did put out their lips, and lell out their tongues in disdaine of them, that God was dishonoured with the reproch thereof. Happily it will be doubted, whether our Bishops and Preachers bee the Ministers and messengers of God, or no. Yea, some dare affirme boldly, "thatindeede they be not." But (good christians) beware of such cogitations, as displeasant and misliking affections may raise in you. If they be not the ministers and messengers of God, if they bee not sent of him, then it is not the message of God that they haue brought vs : it is not his worde that they haue taught vs : they bee not Gods Sacraments that they deliuered vnto vs, and so doe a great nomber of vs remain as no Christians. Though they were such vnworthie persons, as the vnthankfull mindes of many doe imagine them, or as the vncharitable tongues and pennes of some of late time haue blazed them : yet bringing nothing vnto you, but Gods will out of his holy Scriptures, (for in deede they haue not done otherwise, howsoeuer their doctrine be defaced) you should assuredly be perswaded, that they are the instruments of Gods blessing vnto you. " Although they that bee superiours," saith in 2. aa Chrysostome, " and Gouernours, were euill, and spot- Conn. ^g^ ^jjj^ manye faultes : yet shoulde not the Disciples withdrawe them from their instruction. For if Christ speaking of the Doctours of the lewes, that because they sate in Moyses Chayre, they were worthie to bee heard of their Disciples, although their workes were not commendable: what fauour are they woorthie of, which contemne and trample vnder foote (as it were) the Prelates of the Church, which by Gods goodnesse liue moderately ?

If it bee a foule matter for one to iudge an other, howe much more is it vnlawfuU to iudge their Maisters and instructers ?" Baalam was a couetous prophet, and yet by him GOD blessed his people. Nowe surely, if you haue receiued at their handes the blessing of Gods trueth, and the light of his holie word, as in deede you haue : the cogitation of this benefite shoulde moue your mindes more fauourably to thinke of them, and more charitably to iudge of their doinges. Or if you doe not, looke that you leaue not great occasion to men to think of you, that you make light accompt of that doctrine of the Gospell, which aswell their predecessours as they, haue, and doe daily preach vnto you : and so that you bee not those men tha,t you would pretende to be. For men will thinke this: If these persons did fauour the Gospell, they woulde rather seeke meanes to hide the blemishes and imperfections of their Prelates and Preachers, then thus odiously to amplifie and paint foorth their discredite to their vtter shame and reproche in the worlde. For, as much as in them lyeth, through their sides (in the heartes and mindes of manie) they giue a mortal wound to the doctrine, which by them hath now these manie yeeres beene taught in this Realme. For will men iudge (trowe you) that after so great darkenesse and ignoraunce of Gods woorde, as the Churche of Christ is reported by vs to haue beene wrapped in, that God woulde restore and sende vnto the same the light of his trueth, by so wicked and naughtie instruments, as these men be imagined to be ? (For they condemne not onelie those Bishops and ministers that be now in place, but their predecessors also, whose place these men occupie, and whose doctrine they confirme.) Men will thinke surely, either that that doctrine which we call darknesse and errour, was the true light, or that these Preachers can not be so euill persons, as malice doth make them. Christ would not suffer that the deuill shoulde vtter any thing to the glorie of God, and will he suffer " deuillish and Antichristian persons" to bee the chiefe Preachers and restorers of his Gospell ? GOD alwaies hath appointed godlie men to be the teachers and reuiuers of his trueth, as Abraham with the other Patriarches, Moses, Aaron, Dauid, the Prophets, the Apostles, And in our dayes Luther, Zuinglius, Oeeolampadius, Cranmer, Ridley, Jewell, 8fC, For God is neuer destitute of his godly captaines to gouerne his Church, and to set foorth his word.

Ohiectiont " Oh, bat our Bishops and preachers be couetous : they giue not to the poore : they imbesill the goodes of the Church : they bee woorkers and clokers of Simonie : they hinder reformation of the Church," &c.

Answere.

But how know you that? It were safe for your consciences first to trie and knowe the trueth, before you rashly, to con- Chrys.inz. demnation, fudge your brother. Common speeches, adTimotb. ^^ coiiiecturall collections doe oftentimes prooue false. Doe you think that al is trae which is spoken of your selues ? I appeale to your owne consciences. Surely hee must bee a very happie man in these dayes, of whome some euill is not spoken, which, in his owne conscience, hee knoweth not to bee true. Nowe if this may, and doeth happen to most priuate persons, howe is it not likely that it happeneth also to Bishops and ecclesiasticall Ministers? Yea, of all other it is most like, that diey shoulde feele the bitternesse of false and backbiting speeches : The Ministers of God haue beene alwayes subiect to that crosse. And in these dayes, they hane to doe with so manie and diuers kindes of enemies, as it is not possible for them to escape the daunger thereof. On the one side is the Papist, whose errours they confute, whose obstinacie they punish : On the other side are the phaniasticall spirites of Anabaptists, Of the families of the loue, and sundry others of the like sort, whose wickednesse and corrupting of the church, is by our ecclesiasticall gouernors drawen into the light, reproued, and repressed. Yea, and beside these, there are an infinit number of Epicures, and Atheistes, which hate the Bishops and speake euil of them, and wish them to be taken away : partly because they are as bridles to their loose and wicked life : partlie because they staye from them, that spoyle and praye, which nowe for a fewe yeeres with great hope they haue gaped after, and with much adoe is holden out of their iawes.