Three generations of English women; memoirs and correspondence of Susannah Taylor, Sarah Austin, and Lady Duff Gordon

Front matter

DA

1^3

©irntell Ifwwwitg Jtatg

Introduction

Mrs. John Taylor, the first subject of these Memoirs, was a remarkable woman, whose house at Norwich was the resort of rnany of the most cultivated men and women of her day, whose ' friendship was prized and valued by them. People used to say it was worth a, journey to Norwich to spend an evening with her.' She brought up her children with an unflinching love: of truth and a horror of debt. Not ashamed of being poor, she attended to all the small details of ,daily life, in the midst of which she found time to ,read and appreciate philosophy and poetry, and to think for herself. The Taylor family for several igerieratiohs has produced men and women distinguished by ' literary and scientific ability : they and their forbears belonged to- the Presbyteriari party, and disliked the Independents almost as ;much as the Tories. It is a saying in Norfolk, that if a cplleetion were made of the works of the Taylors of Norwich, _ it would form a respectable library.

Of Mrs. Taylor's seven children, Sarah Austin was perhapsthe- handsomest and the most gifted ; the extraordinary vigour ' of, her mind and body was occasionally almost oyerpoweririg^-^ but it stood her in good stead during a long and not oyer-:- prosperous . life, arid was tempered by an excellent judgment:

iv INTRODUCTION.

and a very kind heart ■ No one ever app^ajed to hep in vain ; and in her , old age children always flqcked round her withv delight to hear " Puss in boots," or one of Grimm's fairy-tales, , so well and graphically told. I have made aselection among tjie mass of her correspondence, but I fear that (in the Frerich .letters particularly) ifnucl^ has' be^n lost by translation. All krs. Austin's letters to M. B. St. Hijaire are in French, those to M. Guizot, are in English! ' , » , .

Many have spoken of my -grandfather Mr. John Austin's eloquence — I remember it well. To the end he always preserved the upright, carriage his early soldier life -had given' him, and when we lived at Esher I cannot forget how he used to stride over the commons which divided us from Weybridge.

"Here," says my grandmother, in her preface to his' work on Jurisprudence — "here he entered upon thelast^ and happiest period of his life— the only portion during which he was free from carking cares and ever-recurring disappointments. The battle' of life was not oiily over, but had hardly left a scar. He had neither vanity nor arnbition, nor any desires beyond what hi«" srnall income sufficed ,to satisfy. He had no regrets or repining^ at his' own poverty and obscurity, contrasted with the successes of other men. fLe was insatiable in the pursuit of knowledge and truth for their own sake ;, and during the long daily walks which were almost the sole recreation he coveted or enjc^ed, his mind was constantly kept in a state of serene elevation and harmony by the -aspects of nature, which he contemplated with ever-increasing delight, and described in his own felicitous and picturesque language, and by meditation on the' sublimest theines that can occupy the mind of man. He wanted no excitement and no audience. Though he welcomed the occasional visits of his friends with affectionate cordiality, and delighted them by the vigour and charm of his conversation, he never expressed the smallest desire for society. He Was content to pour qut the treasures of, his knowledge, wisdom,

INTRODUCTION. v

and genius to the companion whose hfe was (to use the expression of one who knew him well) 'enfolded in his.' Thus passed twelve years of retirement, rarely interrupted, and never uninteresting or wearisome. His health was greatly improved. The place he had chosen and his mode of life suited him. The simplicity of his taste and habits would have rendered a more showy and luxurious way of living disagreeable and oppressive to him. Yet none of the small pleasures or humble comforts provided for him ever escaped his grateful notice. He loved to be surrounded by homely and familiar objects, and nothing pleased him so much in his garden as the flowers he had gathered in his childhood. He had a disinterested hatred of expense and of pretension, and though very generous and quite indifferent to gain, he was habitually frugal, and respected frugality in others, as the guardian of many virtues."

Of Mrs. Austin's remarkable talents I need not speak ; her letters will show what she was, and how her judgment and advice were sought by many of the eminent men of her time.

Her devoted friend, M. Barthelemy St. Hilaire, has been good enough to write down for me his recollections of her, which \ here translate : — •

" It was in 1840 that I first knew Mrs. Austin, to whom M. Victor Cousin presented me. She was still extremely handsome, and her complexion, which she preserved till the day of her death, was dazzling. Her vigour was extraordinary, and she was calm, although full of life and gaiety. Her conversation was delightful, intelligent, and abounding in solid good sense. At that time she was accompanied by her only daughter. Lady Duff Gordon, and her son-in-law, Sir Alexander, both extremely handsome.

"At Paris Mrs. Austin had a salon, which she kept admirably : as she was poor, intellect alone was the attraction and the ornament of the house, and all that was most eminent among the foreigners who passed through Paris eagerly sought to be

I* vi INTRODUCTION.

received in her humble apartment. There also the most illustrious Frenchmen of both the Conservative and the Liberal parties met together, and, thanks to the mistress of the house, the most diverse opinions were discussed without acerbity, and to the profit of all. If any obtained admittance who were unworthy of these pleasant and useful reunions, they were eliminated without harshness ; and I have seen executions of this kind done with perfect tact', yet with a moral vigour which, without any fuss, was most efficacious. The salon of Mrs. Austin was a centre where France, England, Germany, and Italy met, and learned to know and appreciate each other. Mrs. Austin spoke all four languages. Her power of work was wonderful, quite virile. She was an excellent Latin scholar, which stood her in good stead when she published the posthumous work of her husband on Roman Law. Her mind was perfectly balanced and fortified by serious, hard study ; and to everything she did she brought an attention and a maturity of judgment which few men possess in so large a measure. Mrs. Austin was intimate with all the remarkable intellects in England. She presented me, among others, to Lord Lansdowne, Mr. Layard, Mr. J. Stuart Mill, Grote (Mr. and Mrs.), &c. I went with her to see the Misses Berry, then very old ladies, witty, and delighted to talk with a Frenchman who reminded them, particularly by his pronunciation, of the society of the eighteenth century, in which they had shone in their youth. I also recollect a visit to Mr. C. Greville, then crippled by gout, but whose conversation sparkled with intelligence and admirable taste. Mrs. Austin knew the Duchess of Orleans, who consulted her about the education of her two sons ; and in 1864 I saw the young Princes at her house at Weybridge, after their return from America. They treated her with filial respect.

"Mrs. Austin did me a great service — she taught me to know England. In 1840 she found me imbued with all those inter-

INTRODUCTION. vii

national prejudices so damaging to both sides. When I knew her better, she often made me blush ; and, to cure me of my folly, she invited me to visit England and judge with my own eyes. In 1849 I went to Weybridge and enjoyed her cordial hospitality. My conversion was rapid, and I returned charmed with, and full of admiration for, England, and repeated my visit nearly every year.

" Mr. Austin was worthy of his wife, but his qualities were entirely opposed. Intensely nervous and often ill, he loved solitude, and even in his own house no one saw him until dinner, at which he did not always assist. Sad by nature, and a deep thinker, he spoke little, but when he did it was with extraordinary vehemence and eloquence. A pupil of Bentham, and intimate with all the friends of his master, he began by embracing all Bentham's doctrines, even his irreligion ; but later he modified his opinions, though he always preserved the most entire liberty of thought. When he first went to Weybridge, he considered it right to tell the clergyman that he would never see him at church. He did this to avoid any appearance of scandal, and to preserve his own independence ; but he took his share in all the charities and charges of the parish. Deeply versed in law, he was for some time Professor at the University of London, and became known by a remarkable work on the connection of Morals and Jurisprudence. He was a corresponding member of the Institute of France and of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences. When he died, he left a mass of valuable documents collected for his lectures at the University. Mrs. Austin arranged and published all the manuscripts left by her husband, aided by the advice of his legal friends. This publication redounded to the honour of the author, and of her who assumed the difficult task of editing a work bristling with diflEculties and learned quotations.

" When Mr. Austin was sent to Malta on a mission by his Government, Mrs. Austin occupied herself with the education viii INTRODUCTION.

of Maltese women, and did immense good. She often talked of her scholastic occupations, and of their success. Returning home, Mr. Austin's health being very indifferent, they withdrew to Weybridge, where Mrs. Austin eked out their small means by her pen. From prudence she confined herself to translating, though she had all the faculties that go to produce original work. But, as she often told me, she feared by publishing anything of her own to expose herself to criticism, and she always considered it improper in a woman to provoke a possible polemic, which generally ends in a manner disagreeable to herself.

"The last years of Mrs. Austin's life were devoted to the publication of her husband's book. She worked with vigour and method, and a scrupulous attention which allowed no fault to escape her. The learned friends she consulted had, I am sure, few corrections to make. She died of heart disease, at the age of seventy-three, preserving the freshness and beauty of her complexion to the end of her life. The expression of her face when dead had something sublime and angelic. The calm of death often produces this effect, but I never saw it so marked as in her."

Lucie Duff Gordon, the only child of John and Sarah Austin, inherited the talents of her parents. Of her beauty I should not be considered a fair judge, but one who knew her well, and whose recent death leaves a void never to be filled, A. W. Kinglake, writes to me : —

" Can I, how can I trust myself to speak of your dear mother's beauty in the phase it had reached when first 1 saw her ? The classic form of her features, the noble poise of her head and neck, her stately height, her uncoloured yet pure complexion, caused some of the beholders at first to call her beauty statuesque, and others to call it majestic, some pronouncing it to be even imperious. But she was so intellectual, so keen, so autocratic, sometimes even so impassioned in speech, that

INTRODUCTION. ix

nobody, feeling her powers, could well go on feebly comparing her to a statue or a mere queen or empress."

Forced by illness to leave the home she loved and the society she shone in, the last years of her life were passed in Egypt. My mother's generous spirit and sympathy for everything and everybody oppressed or suffering won the hearts of the Arabs in an extraordinary way. Her own letters will tell the rest.

It remains for me to thank H.R.H. the Comte de Paris, Madame Guizot de Witt, Mr. Gladstone, M. St. Hilaire, Colonel Gatt, Mrs. Simpson, and others, for allowing my grandmother's letters to their parents or themselves to be published, and for permission to print their own letters. I must also express the obligation I am under to Mr. Macmillan for allowing me to reprint extracts of my mother's "Letters from the Cape" and " Letters from Egypt " ; and to Mr. Longman for his permission to reprint some of the Rev. Sydney Smith's letters to Mrs. Austin. Last, but not least, I must record the great help my grandmother's old friend, the late Mr. John Murray, was good enough to give me, and his son's kindness in letting me use some of the blocks of the first edition of this book.

Janet Ross.

December, 1892.

Chapter I. Susannah Taylor

Norfolk and its illustrious names — Dr. John Taylor — ^John Taylor and Susannah Cook — Her Letters to Judith Dixon — Susannah Taylor and her friends — John Taylor a poet — Death of Mrs. Martineau — Mrs. Barbauld's " Tribute " Page 1-23

Chapter II

Susannah Taylor's Letters to Dr. Reeve — Commencement of 7'ke Edinburgh Review — Criticism of it — Visit to Cambridge — Susannah Taylor's Letters to her daughters — Sarah Taylor's visit to Mrs. Barbauld — The formation of Character — Abolition of the Slave Trade — Susannah Taylor's 52nd birthday— Death of Mr. Opie 24-37

Chapter III

Marriage of Dr. Reeve and Susan Taylor — Dr. James Martineau's Recollections of Susannah Taylor — Her visits to London — Uses of such visits — Uses of Vanity and Emulation — Bath — Tavistock — Recollections of Susannah Taylor by Mrs. Wilde^Susannah Taylor's conversational powers — Meeting of Taylor and Martineau families — Sarah Taylor's engagement to John Austin — Death of Susannah Taylor^Basil Montagu on Susannah Taylor — Sons of John and Susannah Taylor .... 38-53

Chapter IV. Sarah Austin

Sarah Taylor — Books read as a girl — Her engagement to John Austin — Mrs. Barbauld's lines to Sarah Taylor — Mr. Fox on John Austin — ^John Austin called to (he Bar — Marriage — Letter from Amelia Opie on " Don Juan " and Lord and Lady Byron — Skit on Jeremy Bentham . . 54-60 xii CONTENTS.

Chapter V

Birth of Lucie Austin— J. S. Mill's character of John Austin— Sarah Austin and the Italian refugees — Letter from Chev. de Santa Rosa — The Grotes— Jeremy Bentham— M. C. Comte— John Austin selected to fill the Chair of Jurisprudence at the London University — Death of John Taylor— Letter of M. J. B. Say Page 61-66

CHAPTER VL Letter from John Austin to Mr. Grote on London University Professorship — Residence at Bonn — Schlegel — Niebuhr and German society . 67-73

CHAPTER Vn.

The Austins return to London — German influence on John Austin — ^J. S. Mill's opinion — Letter from M. Say to Sarah Austin — Letter from M. de Beyle on peculiarities of Englishmen — Sarah Austin on the advantage of learning German — Opinion of the London University — Charles Villiers — Contributions to the New Monthly — Invitation from Jeremy Bentham — John Austin's lectures published — Death of Jeremy Bentham . 74-84

CHAPTER Via.

John Sterling on Sarah Austin's translation of Prince Piickler-Muskau, and on Miss Martineau — ^John Austin publishes his "Jurisprudence Determined," and is appointed a member of the Criminal Lavv" Commission — Sketch of John Austin — Letters from Sarah Austin to M. Victor Cousin — Letters from Thomas Carlyle on the state of Politics and Literature 85-105

CHAPTER IX.

Sir W. Hamilton on Popular Education — Insufficiency of English legal education— ^John Austin lectures at the Temple — Thomas Carlyle on British Reviewing, on house-hunting — Prof. F. W. Carove, author of " The Story without an End" — Robert Southey on Sarah Austin's translation of Cousin on Instruction in Prussia — The Provost of Eton to Sarah Austin — Charles Buller to Sarah Austin ...... 106-115

CHAPTER X.

The Austins go to Boulogne — Lord Jeffrey on Sarah Austin's prospects — Rev. Sydney Smith to Sarah Austin — Wreck of the Amphitrite- — Rev. Sydney Smith on living in Paris — M. de Tocqueville on French Manners, &c. — John Austin appointed Royal Commissioner to Malta — Lord Jeffrey to Sarah Austin ......... 116-125

CONTENTS. xiii

CHAPTER XI.

Letters to Susan Reeve from Malta — Rev. Sydney Smith to Sarah Austin — Sarah Austin to Mr. Nassau Senior — Rev. Sydney Smith to Sarah Austin — Cholera and its ravages — Mrs. Jameson's opinions of America — Sarah Austin to Mrs. Senior on the action of the Government — Sarah Austin to M. Victor Cousin on Malta Page 126-140

CHAPTER XII.

The Austins return to London— Letter to M. Victor Cousin on education in England — Translation of Ranke's Popes — Correspondence with Mr. Gladstone and M. Victor Cousin on popular education — ^J. B. Macaulay's review of the translation of Ranke — Sarah Austin on the change of Ministry, and her daughter's engs^ement .... 141-148

CHAPTER XIII.

Correspondence with Mr. Gladstone on National Education — Prof. v. Ranke on the translation of his book — Poland and the Greek Church — M. Michel Chevalier to Sarah Austin 149-156

CHAPTER XIV.

Sarah Austin's "Fragments from German Prose Writers "- Letters to M. Guizot on behalf of some inhabitants of Boulogne — Rev. Sydney Smith's opinion of Guizot's "Washington" — M. A. de Vigny to Sarah Austin — Prof. V. Ranke to Sarah Austin — Sarah Austin to Mrs. Grote — Rev. Sydney Smith on Mrs. Grote 157-166

CHAPTER XV.

Diary of Sarah Austin in 1841 — The Rhine — Dresden — Anecdotes of the Emperor Paul — Second Sight — Letter to M. Guizot on the Affairs of Europe — Sarah Austin to Mr. Murray — Sarah Austin to M. Victor Cousin — Sarah Austin to Mrs. Grote on Life in Dresden — Mr. Gladstone on the condition of English industry and trade — Rev. Sydney Smith to Sarah Austin 167-183

CHAPTER XVI.

Diary of Sarah Austin in 1842 and 1843 — Dresden — Berlin — Literary Society there — The Grimms — Ranke^Anecdotes of Berlin Society — of Niebuhr — Mr. Grote to John Austin 184-191

CHAPTER XVII.

Letters from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on the State of Germany — Sarah Austin

to Mrs. Grote — ^John Austin elected to the Institute — Revision of the

" Province of Jurisprudence" — The Austins settle in Paris — ^John Austin

to Sir W. Erie — Rev. Sydney Smith to Sarah Austin . . 192-202

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVIII.

M. Comte on Women and Social Philosophy — Baron Alexander v. Humboldt to Sarah Austin— M. Comte and his Official Position— Madame Sophie Germain— J. S. Mill on A. Comte, Guizot, and the Edinburgh Review — Grammar and Plain Needlework — T. B. Macaulay to Sarah Austin Page 20^-212

CHAPTER XIX.

Letter from M. A. de Vigny to Sarah Austin — Education in France — Small Waists— Contempt for the King — Letter from Sir Robert Peel to Sarah Austin — An Article on Germany — Belgium — Mrs. Hudson, the "Railway Queen" 213-218

CHAPTER XX.

The French Revolution of 1848— M. B. St. Hilaire on the Aspect of Paris — Letter from Rev. Dr. Whewell to Sarah Austin on the French Revolution — Her Answer — ^M. B. St. Hilaire at the Luxembourg— Fighting in Paris — MM. Cavaignac and de la Villemarque — M. Victor Cousin and M. B. St. Hilaire — A Working Man's Library at Bow .... 219-225

CHAPTER XXI.

Decree against MM-. Louis Blanc and Caussidiere — Mr. Hallam's forecast about Prince Louis Napoleon — M. J. J. Ampere on the Republic — Madame Recamier — The National Assembly and the President- — Letter from Sarah Austin to Dr. Sciortino — M. B. St. Hilaire on M. Guizot and M. Thiers' Books — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Victor Cousin on the Principles of the French Revolution 226-231

CHAPTER XXII.

The President — Italy and Austria — M. J. W. Decaisne on Madame Recamier and M. Lamartine — Rome and the Holy See — Public Instruction in France — Sarah Austin is given a Pension by the Queen^ Visitors at Weybridge — Madame de Maintenon — Letter from Miss Berry to Sarah Austin on Madame Recamier — England a suggestive Country — Letter from M. B. St. Hilaire to Sarah Austin — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Victor Cousin comparing English and Frepch writers . . . 232-240

CHAPTER XXIII.

Letter from Mr. H. Crabb Robinson to Sarah Austin on Mrs. Opie's Memoirs — Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell on the " fatal facilities of the French Language " — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on finishing the Translation of his Book— Elections in Paris — Sarah Austin's Estimate

CONTENTS. xv

of Lord Palmerston— Letter from M. B. St. Hilaire to Sarah Austin on the electoral law — Speeches by Mr. Cobden, Sir W. Molesworth, and Sir R. Peel— Death of Sir R. Peel— Lord Palmerston, Prince Metternich, Princess Lieven, and M. Guizot .... Page 241-249

CHAPTER XXIV.

Sarah Austin on John Locke's Tomb — Shakespeare and Locke— M. B. St. Hilaire's Admiration of England — A Critic's Pleasure — State of Germany—The Durham Letter — Sir James Stephen — M. B. St. Hilaire on the Protestant Demonstrations — Note of the 18th of January, 1851 250-259

CHAPTER XXV.

Letter from Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell on his Translation of Auerbach's " Professorin " — His Answer — Letter from M. B. St. Hilaire on the Accession of the Tories to Power — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot — M. B. St. Hilaire on the State of France, on the policy of the President, Louis Napoleon ; announces his own imprisonment in Mazas . 260-268

CHAPTER XXVI.

Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on the State of Affairs in France and at Vienna — Mrs. Grote's visit to Paris — Letter from M. B. St. Hilaire about the Paris University — Letter from Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell on the threatened Expulsion of M. Cousin from the Sorbonne — His Answer ■ 269-277

ch:apter XXVII.

Qualities of French and English men and women — M. B. St. Hilaire refuses to take the Oath and withdraws from Paris — Letters from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on the Volunteer Movement — M. B. St. Hilaire a Gardener — Correspondence with Mr. Gladstone on National Education 278-287

CHAPTER XXVIII.

M. B. St. Hilaire on the New Ministry in England — Scene at M. Pasquier's — ■ M. Littre on M. Comte — M. Remusat on Burke — M. A. Thomas' Lectures — Letter from Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell — "French invasion" of Weybridge — Sarah Austin on Novels 288-295

CHAPTER XXIX.

Letter from Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire on the Emperor Napoleon — M. Guizot's " History of the English Republic and of Cromwell " — Rev. Sydney Smith's Oaths — " Germany from 1760-1840 " — Union of England and France — Napoleon I. and the Queen of Prussia — Letter from Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell— Lord Raglan's Despatches 296-303 xvi CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXX.

"Memoirs of the Rev. Sydney Smith "—German Hatred of Russians— Florence Nightingale— Ugo Foscolo— "The Aristotelian bonnet" — Letters from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot Page 304-312

CHAPTER XXXI.

Letter from M. B. St. Hilaire to Sarah Austin about the Secretaryship of the Suez Canal — Sarah Austin asks M. Guizot for Information about Lord Raglan from French Soldiers— Education at Lozfere — Rev. Dr. W.Whewell on the Vice-Chancellorship — Letter from Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell — Letter from Sarah Austin to Mr. Hayward — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire on the Suez Canal — His answer — A Taylor Gathering 313-321

CHAPTER XXXII.

The State of Germany — Rev. Dr. W. Whewell named a Memberof the Acad^mie — Princess Lieven — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on the " Province of Jurisprudence " — Mr. Gladstone on Sir R. Peel and Employment for Women — Rev. Dr. W. Whewell lectures on Plato . . 322-329

CHAPTER XXXIII.

Mr. Hudson Gurney and French Society in 1802 — Trinity Lodge —The Deccan — Parliamentary Debates on the East India Company — Lord Grey's book — ^Rev. Dr. W. Whewell to Sarah Austin on Mr. Buckle's Lecture on the Influence of Women, &c. — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on his book and cheap newspapers— Rev. Dr. W. Whewell on Mr. Lewes as a Critic, and Goethe 330-337

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Character of H.R.H. the Duchess of Orleans — Letter from Sarah Austin to the Duchess on her Sons' Education — Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire on her Death — Ketteringham — Mr. Elwin at Booton — Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on the birth of a Grandchild — M. de Cavour and opening of French Chambers — Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire on the " Life of the Duchess of Orleans " 338-347

CHAPTER XXXV.

Letters from Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire on a French Monthly Review — The New Ministry — Lord Howden, Lord Lyndhurst, and M. de Cavour — Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire on Italian Independence — Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on Madame R&amier's " Memoirs " and the late Duke of Devonshire .......... 348-356

CONTENTS. xvii

CHAPTER XXXVl.

John Austin's Illness and Death — Letter from M. Guizot to Sarah Austin — Her Answer — Sarah Austin returns to Weybridge — Letter from Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell — Mrs. Grote and old Letters— Sarah Austin's Illness , . Page 357-364

CHAPTER XXXVII.

Letters from Sarah Austin to the Rev. Dr. W. Whewell on the " Province of Jurisprudence " — Dr. Hawlrey at Mapledurham — Garibaldi and the Emperor Napoleon — Accident to the Comte de Paris — Marriage of Miss Duff Gordon — Lord Brougham on the Chair of Jurisprudence at Oxford — Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot on Family Matters and John Austin's Book 365-373

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

Completion of First Volume of the "Province of Jurisprudence" — M. A. Barbier to Sarah Austin on her Preface to her Husband's Book — Lady Duff Gordon goes to the Cape of Good Hope — Lord Jeffrey — Baron V. Humboldt — Lord Lansdowne's Munificence — Rome as Capital of Italy 374-380

- CHAPTER XXXIX.

Jeremy Bentham and his Friends — ^John Austin's relations to Jeremy Bentham — " Discours" on Mr. Hallam, by M. Mignet — Letter from Sarah Austin to Rev. Dr. W. Whewell on her own Work and M. Mignet — Modesty of Mr. Hallam 381-388

CHAPTER XL.

Good News from the Cape — Dr. Milman, Dean of St. Paul's, to Sarah Austin on the Inscription on John Austin's Tomb — Illness of Dr. Hawtrey — Climate of the Cape — The Exhibition — The Queen — Sarah Austin to Miss Senior on Reasonable Dress for Hot Weather — Lord Brougham's Speech 389-395

CHAPTER XLI.

Lady Duff Gordon goes to Egypt— Illness of Mr. Ross — Birth of a Great-grandson — American Policy of England according to M. P. Paradol— - Break up of the Esher Home— Letter to Mrs. Grote on "Domestic Morals " — " Province of Jurisprudence " used as an Examination Book at Oxford and Cambridge 396-401 xviii CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XLII.

Marriage of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales— Death of Sir G. C. Lewis— Condolences from M. Guizot — Mr. Bright at Woburn Abbey — O'Connell and Repeal — Sarah Austin to Mr. Gladstone on Italian Unity and Liberty in France — The German Part of France .... Page 402-409

CHAPTER XLHI.

Death of Mr. N. Senior— Marriage of H.R.H. the Comte de Paris — Fourth Edition of " Ranke," and New Edition of the " Province of Jurisprudence " — People no longer enjoy Things — M. P. Paradol on Lady Duff Gordon — Letter from Sarah Austin to Mrs. Grote . . 410-416

CHAPTER XLIV.

Letter from Sarah Austin to M. Guizot about her Daughter — Thomas Carlyle on Letters of Condolence and Smollett's House — Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire on Prussia and Austria — Sarah Austin to Lady William Russell — Letters on. M. Cousin's Death from M. B. St. Hilaire to Sarah Austin — Her Answer — Last Letters from Sarah Austin to M. B. St. Hilaire — Her Death — The Times on Sarah Austin — Letter from M. Guizot to Sir Alexander Duff Gordon on her death ..... 417-430

CHAPTER XLV.

LAUY DUFF GORDON.

Birth of Lucie Austin — Her Childhood — ^J. S. Mill her Playmate — Goes to Germany — Rev. Sydney Smith's Advice not to tear her Frock, to learn Arithmetic — Meeting with Heinrich Heine at Boulogne — Lucie Austin sent to School — Her Friends among the Fishermen at Boulogne — Visit of Miss Shuttleworth to Bromley — Letters from Lucie Austin to Mrs. Grote . . 431-438

CHAPTER XLVI.

Letters from Lucie Austin to Miss Shuttleworth — Death of Lady Nasmyth — Consolation of Christian Religion — Letter from Lucie Austin to Mrs. Grote on her Baptism — Reminiscences of Lucie Austin by Miss Marianne North 439-444

CHAPTER XLVIL