Prince Charles Edward Stuart, the young chevalier

Front matter

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BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE

Preface

The following Life of Prince Charles is longer than other biographies prepared for the same series. The Author's excuse must be that in this book, for the first time, bj' the gracious permission of her late Majesty, Queen Victoria, it has been possible to use the whole Correspondence (1720-1786) and other MSS. of the exiled House of Stuart, now at Windsor Castle. Some of the Cumberland MSS., too, were consulted.

The State Papers in the Record Office have also been used.

I have to thank the Marquis d'figuilles for procuring a transcript of the ' M6moires ' of his ancestor, who represented the French Government in the Prince's camp (1745 -1746). M. d':d:guilles also drew my attention to a tract on the mission of his ancestor, by M. Lefevre-Portalis, a most valuable essay based viii PRINCE CHAliLES EDWARD

on French State Papers. Some transcripts from these Papers were made for me in Paris.

These are the chief sources in manuscript, though various private collections of contemporary letters have been perused. Other documents I have read, for example, in a collection of printed family papers by the Duke of Atholl, which his Grace kindly permitted me to study for my book ' The Companions of Pickle.' The ' Memorials of Murray of Broughton ' (edited by Mr. Fitzroy Bell for the Scottish History Society), and 'The Lyon in Mourning,' printed for the same Society, have been most serviceable. To Mr. Blaikie's admirable ' Itinerary of Prince Charles,' published by the same Society, I am especially indebted. Other useful papers are given in the last edition of the ' Histoire de Charles- Edouard ' (1845- 1846), by M. Amedde Pichot.

To Mr. D. Stewart I owe permission to read a curious Manuscript Diary of 1745 -1746, by a Professor in the University of Edinburgh. The learned Professor, however, rather heard of, than looked on, events of importance.

In contemporary printed books, I have read, I think, most that has been published ; the names of the works are cited in the course of the narrative.

PREFACE ix

Considerable study of the pamphlets of the period was rewarded by little of value. These tracts are usually ignorant, or mendacious, or satirical. The ' Scots Magazine,' which summarised the newspapers, and was conducted with laudable impartiality, has been of service.

After the illustrated edition of this book had been printed, I became aware, through the kindness of Mr. F. H. B. Daniell, that certain bundles of undated Stuart Papers had escaped my notice at Windsor Castle. Some of them deal with the Prince's obscure years, between 1749 and 1752. These letters do not add much to what is here stated in Chapter V., and with more detail in 'Pickle the Spy.' One note signed ' T.' (Madame de Talmond) and undated, introduces Mademoiselle Luci, and accounts for that cypher-name. The writer speaks of a Madame de Morslains, or Monstains, who seems to have been one of Charles's Parisian friends. She is now married again, and is Madame de Luci. In writing to her the Prince may address her 'chez une femme qui fait mes commissions . . . cette femme se nome M'^"'^ La Marre.' Cette femme is clearly Mademoiselle Ferrand des Marres, the friend of Madame de Vassd, and to her, as a cypher-name, is transferred that of

X PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD

' Luci.' Her address, as given by T., is ekes M. Lecuyer, Tapissier, Grande Rue Garonne, Faubourg Saint-Germain. To this address Charles wrote to Mademoiselle Luci, on October 20, 1750 ('Pickle,'

He had noted the address of Mademoiselle

Ferrand as early as March 1749 : the confusion

between Ferrand, La Marre, and Des Marres is

puzzling, but these names all appear to refer to the

lady who is generally styled ' Mademoiselle Luci.'

I think that the undated note is of March 1749.

Goring calls her ' Mademoiselle Lucy.' The

following letter of Goring's to Charles is in the

undated parcel, and may be of 1750 :

Goring to Charles. [undated.]

S"". . . . I find by ye Ladies here and what they hear from L. S-dw--h (Sandwich) that Monsr de Ville has a great mind to see you and by all appearance is in some impatience for it. . . .

I was told yesterday by Mad"" Lucy that a foreign Minister named the place you are in actually, in a publick assembly, after which you are best judge if you should continue there or remove. You are ofifer'd by ye Ladies the chateau you know of, which by the description is a lonely solitary place, if you think it safe to make the journey : for if it should ever become publick where you are, or if it were

PREFACE xi

suspected, it would be almost impossible to remove and at the same time dangerous to stay.

. . . Lally has entertained L^ Bath and by indirect discourse and grimace gives to understand he knows where you are, and that he has great share in all your proceedings, not to say more. He has not been at Rome but made a private journey to ye End that people might think he went to meet you in secret. . . . The Ladies by way of discourse asked me if you was in want of money, upon which I replied I was not enough acquainted with your affairs to know how that matter was, but I did not believe you were in distress, they told me that when you were with them they had often a mind to speak to you on that subject, but were affraid you would take it ill, to whom they sayd they could speak with more liberty, to propose it to you, I told them it was an affair too delicate for me to medle in without your orders, I thought however it was my duty to acquaint you with the generous sentiments and ye noble friendship of the two Heroines for such they are. . . .

P.S. — If I dare be so bold I would beg my respects to ye Goddess of ye residence. (Perhaps Madame de Talmond.)

It is probable enough that the two heroines (Madame de Vass^ and Mademoiselle Ferrand) did lend money to Charles. Another bitter letter of Goring's is concerned with his refusal to take part in conducting Miss Walkinshaw to the Prince, whose conduct he severely criticises. ' I will not act a low part in your pleasures. My desire of not living with you, when accompanied by my utter dishonour, is xii PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD

not what you can in justice condemn.' Many Jacobite papers, I learn through Monsieur Kerallain, are preserved in the archives of the town of Quimper ; they are the documents of Warren, who carried the Prince to France in 1746.

Information has been kindly given by the Duchesse d'Albe et de Berwick, by Lord Braye, and by the Baron Tanneguy de Wogan ; while Mr. Harold Tinson has obliged me by carefully reading and correcting the proof sheets of the first edition.'

Finally, I have to express my vast debt of gratitude to Miss Violet Simpson, who aided me in making researches and transcripts at Windsor Castle, at the Record Office, and at the British Museum ; and my thanks to the Due de la Tremoille, who presented me with the printed Jacobite correspondence of the Walsh family, and to Mr. Hussey Walsh, who kindly sent me a transcript of the cypher key to that correspondence, found at Windsor Castle by Mr. F. H. B. Daniell.

ANDREW LANG.

' Messrs. Goupil & Co. 1900.

Contents

CHAP. PAGE

I. THE PRINCE BEFORE 1745 i

II. FROM MOIDART TO PRESTONPANS .... 86

Chapter I

A wonderful star broke forth, New-bom, in the skies of the North,

To shine on an Old Year's Night.

And a bud on the dear White Rose Flowered, in the season of snows,

To bloom for an hour's delight.

Lost is the Star from the night.

And the Rose of an hour's delight

Went — where the roses go ; But the fragrance and light from afar, Bom of the Rose and the Star,

Live through the years and the snow.

The eighteenth century, in its moments of self-consciousness, wrote itself down unromantic. It was the age of good sense, of moderation, of the estimably commonplace ; not conversant, not anxious to be conversant, with great adventures. Looking back, we see it with other eyes as an age, like all ages that have been and shall be, not destitute of forlorn hopes, and desperate enterprises, and high devotions.

B

Among all these enterprises, none was so gallant in defiance of time, and chance, and force as the adventure of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. The last of a princely lineage whose annals are a world's wonder for pity, and crime, and sorrow. Prince Charles has excelled them all, save Queen Mary, in his share of the confessed yet mysterious charm of his House. He is the best remembered, next to the Queen, of his Royal line : as each generation grows up, he takes young readers captive : no hero has been celebrated in songs so many, so spirited, and so tender. Yet Charles had not the intellect of the first James, the poet and statesman. His was not the unflinching courage of the fourth James, who died far in front of the fighting line at Flodden, within a lance's length of the English commander, Surrey. In domestic conduct and loyalty to a creed he does not compare well with Charles I. He had not the brilliant wit of the second Charles ; nor that geniality of his which covered so many sins. Far from him was the literary skill of James H. : and the keen sense of honour, the undeniable dignity, and the Christian stoicism, of his own melancholy father, James III., ' The Chevalier de St. George.' Of Mary Stuart he lacked the redeeming steadfastness to loyal friends ; but he somehow rivals Mary Stuart in hisnnexplicable hold on the sentiment of his adorers.

Old men; known to Sir Walter Scott, had seen the Prince, and could not speak of him without tears ; and Scott tells us that Donald Macleod, Charles's pilot in the stormy western seas, never mentioned him without tender emotion. After years of bitter quarrels, and many more years of separation and silence, the Princesse de Talmond still acknowledged her affection for the Prince. Even to-day hearts are stirred when the band plays ' Will ye no come back again ? ' in assemblies of the Kirk at Holyrood ; parties held in that long bare hall where Charles lived his little hour of royalty. Like his fair unhappy ancestress, who sinned with such a heavy heart. Prince Charles has his devotees. ' If he came again, I would go with him,' enthusiasts say, even to this hour. Why would they go with him, why is his memory loved ? Unhappily it is not possible for any writer who places historical truth above sentiment to represent Charles as ' a very perfect gentle knight.' His figure is beheld in a lustre not its own : in the splendour of the love and loyalty that gave themselves ungrudgingly for him and for his cause, that cherished his memory, and even now hold it a kind of treason to tell the truth as far as the truth can be known. We are unable to find in Prince Charles the shining figure that bewitches our fancy in our childhood. But we can at least discern, clearly enough, the circumstances which made the Prince other than we would believe him, we can estimate his temptations and unravel the complex net of events, trials, betrayals^ disappointments, and insoluble perplexities, which thwarted, blinded, perverted, and finally ruined a gallant heart, and a nature kindly but never strong. We are compelled to judge him, though, as Monsieur Copp6e says :

Scott speaks of a gentleman of the name of Stuart who, in 1788, was seen in mourning, and was asked for what relation he wore it. ' For my poor Chief,' he answered ; and it is in the spirit of this reply, and with this pardoning pity, that all who have a heart to care for a ruined cause, and a brave man undone, must think of the Prince. He failed utterly, failed before God and man and his own soul, but, if he failed greatly, he had greatly endeavoured. Charles is loved for his forlorn hope : for his desperate resolve : for the reckless daring, the winning charm that once were his : for bright hair, and brown eyes ; above all, as the centre and inspirer of old chivalrous loyalty, as one who would have brought back a lost age, an impossible realm of dreams.

Romance was in Charles's blood. ' His kingdom also,' said a French lady, speaking to Madame d'Aiguillon (who wore Charles's miniature, with that of Christ, in a bracelet), ' is not of this world.' Of this world his kingdom never was, and could not be ;

but he was and is lord of the region of dreams and desires. He was born of desire and dream : of high hopes unfulfilled. His father, the unhappy White Rose Prince of Wales of 1688, was a character with much less of appeal to the imagination than himself. But James, in youth, had been brave and eager, had charged the English lines, again and again, with the Maison du Roi, at Malplaquet : and James had boldly passed, disguised and unhurt, through the armed myrmidons of Stair. From the 'Jamie the Rover ' of the old song, Charles inherited his passion for wanderings that were distasteful, at last, to the elder and wiser exile.

From his mother, Maria Clementina Sobieska, Charles drew the fitful energy which, in the famous John Sobieski, the deliverer of Christendom from the Turks, had leaped into a light that dazzled Europe. Adventure had been the Prince's mother's portion in her girlhood : she had run strange risks for the dazzle of an airy crown. In 171 8 the Chevalier (James HI.), a man of thirty, an exile in Italy, found it desirable to wed. The enterprise of 17 15 had failed utterly, but George I. was hardly yet secure on his throne. Atterbury, Oxford, Lansdowne, Orrery, and others were conspiring : Ormond was young, and ready, with his fellow exiles, Keith, later Frederick's field-marshal, and his brother, the Earl Marischal, to lead in a new exploit. Spain, under Alberoni ;

Sweden, under Charles XII., were friendly to the cause : in brief there were hopes, to be shattered by the death of Charles XII., and by ' the Protestant wind,' that ruined the Spanish fleet and the attempt

Therefore, lest his line should fail, James must

take a wife. The Duke of Ormond and Charles

Wogan of Rathcoffey, early in 17 18, were sent to sue

for the hand of a Russian princess. The mission of

Ormond failed ; but Wogan went round the Courts of

Europe looking for a lady to be Queen of England, —

over the water. He was a man of ancient family :

the Wogans went, with Maurice Fitzgerald, from

Pembroke to Ireland in 1169. In 1295, under

Edward I., John Wogan was Justiciary of Ireland.

' Mr. Thomas Wogan,^ a very beautiful person of the

age of three or four and twenty ' (says Clarendon),

was the hero who led a loyal troop of cavalry from

Dover to the Highlands, where he died of a wound,

in 1655. Charles Wogan, the early friend of Pope,

and the correspondent of Swift, had lived, like Pope,

in the little Catholic colony of Windsor Forest ; till

with his brother Nicholas, a boy of fifteen, he took an

energetic part in the rising of 1715.^ Nicholas was

' Edward, not Thomas, seems to have been the real name of this gentleman.

'' Charles himself, according to the dates in the French History of the Wogans, was very young ; only about nineteen in 1715.

captured and pardoned for his gallantry in rescuing a wounded Hanoverian officer out of a cross-fire at Preston. There was no pardon for Charles, but he made a romantic escape from Newgate, and entered Dillon's regiment in French service. He was very accomplished, and wrote English, French, and Latin (verse and prose) with equal fluency and felicity. Such a wooer, gay, witty, brave, and handsome, might well have made love for himself, as King Mark's envoy, Tristram, did to Iseult ; but Wogan sought a heart for his master. Conceivably he was not so remote from the fortunes of Sir Tristram. Half a generation later, when Clementina had died after an unhappy wedded life, James reviewed the past, and suddenly conceived the idea (he expresses it in a letter) that Charles Wogan, innocently and unintentionally, had been the earliest cause of the disunion between his bride and himself Accustomed to the gay and resourceful chivalry of Wogan, good at need, Clementina may have been disappointed in her grave, patient, and laborious lord.

Of all this Wogan could not dream, when, visiting Prince James Sobieski in the course of his matrimonial mission, he found the usual three daughters of fairy tale ; Casimire, ' bristling with etiquette, and astonishingly solemn ; ' Charlotte, ' beyond all measure gay, free, and familiar ; ' and the youngest, the fairest, Maria Clementina, ' sweet, amiable, of an even temper, and gay only in season.' Alas, the even temper was to become petulant and sullen ; the round glad girlish face was to be drawn and melancholy, peaked and wan, yet resigned and sweet, before all was done.

Wogan chose Clementina as the best bride for the mournful King.

He then returned from Silesia, to Urbino, where James was captivated by his account of the chosen bride, and wished to send the Irish envoy back to complete the arrangement. But instantly arose, as it rose daily, the spectre of Jacobite disunion. More than once James might have ' sat in Geordie's chair,' if he would have abjured his religion. On this point he was honourably firm, which made it certain that there could never be a Stuart Restoration. But, as if this bar were not enough, those about James took every opportunity to quarrel among themselves. There were Scottish, English, Irish, Protestant, and Catholic parties in the faction of the Jacobites, at home and abroad. So James was not allowed to send Wogan back to finish the marriage negotiations.

Wogan was, like the bride, a Catholic, also he was Irish. This was enough to rouse the hostility of James's chief minister, that Earl (or, by James's patent, Duke) of Mar, whose incapacity had ruined the Rising of 1715, and whose treachery or folly later secured the condemnation of Atterbury. In place of Wogan, Murray, son of a Jacobite mother, a Scot and Protestant, was sent to Prince Sobieski. This was the beginning of evils. Murray was brother to Lord Mansfield, later so well known, and he came to be distrusted and disliked by almost the whole Jacobite party. Except the Earl Marischal they would probably have disliked and distrusted any minister whom their King preferred. In later days, Clementina herself hated both Murray and his brother-in-law. Hay, brother of Lord Kinnoull, and on these reefs the domestic happiness 'of the father and mother of Prince Charles was shattered. For the moment, probably not by Murray's fault (though of course he was blamed), the marriage scheme was ruined. The secret had leaked out : England threatened the Emperor (the cousin of Clementina) with a breach of the Quadruple Alliance, and it was plain that Clementina would not be allowed to travel from Silesia to Italy through the Imperial territory.

Knowing nothing of this, James sent Hay to escort Clementina, but she, with her mother, was arrested by Imperial decree, at Innsbruck in the Tyrol (September 171 8). Hay returned to James at Bologna, and Wogan found himself fitted with an adventure to his taste. He determined that he would rescue his future Queen. He hurried from Urbino to seek James, who had gone to Rome, and received lo PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD

full powers to treat with the father of Clementina.^ If he failed in his forlorn hope, an Austrian prison or an English scaffold would be his reward. Disguised as a travelling merchant he made his way to Clementina and her mother at Innsbruck : who welcomed his romantic resolve. Then he sought Prince Sobieski at Ohlau in Silesia, who at first laughed at his ' Quixotade,' but was won over, by the gallantry of Wogan, and came into the plot. After delays many, Wogan early in 1719, visited Dillon's Irish regiment, at Schelestadt, near Strasbourg, and enlisted his Three Musketeers, Gaydon, Misset, and the huge blue-eyed O'Toole, the Porthos of the party. Mrs. Misset, though soon about to be brought to bed, and her maid, Jeanneton, were to act, the first as chaperon, the second as substitute for Clementina. Meanwhile James was in Spain, in connection with the enterprise ruined at Glenshiel. But, on April 26, the venturous little party crossed the Rhine, ' and declared war on the Emperor.'

The plan was to smuggle Jeanneton into Clementina's house ; to take forth Clementina, disguised as the maid, while the maid, as Clementina, should keep her bed under pretence of illness. Jeanneton was with difficulty brought to accept her rdle, but finally all succeeded to a wish. From the hotel at Innsbruck,

' The romance of Clementina, by Mr. A. E. W. Mason, adheres closely to actual history.

THE PRINCE BEFORE 1745 u

in a fearful night of snow and rain, Wogan led Jeanneton to Clementina's house (it still exists) and came forth with Clementina dressed as Jeanneton. The Princess began by falling into a gutter, and time was wasted in getting her dry clothes. Her only baggage was an apron with pockets full of books, and a black parcel containing James's present; no less than the crown jewels of England ! The parcel, as the party set forth from the inn, was casually left behind, Clementina and her friends drove off in a berline: 'Where are my jewels?' she asked, and O'Toole had to ride back, force the hotel gate by sheer strength, find, and restore the jewels. Never was a worse quarter of an hour of anxiety, for the jewels, if discovered by the people of the hotel, would reveal the plot. But O'Toole was lucky, and the long drive over the Brenner began. Till they crossed the frontier they lived in terrors. The Princess was gay, laughing like the lively child she was, at the precipices, the breakdowns, the fears of Mrs. Misset and her own fall into a flooded stream. Almost without food, except for a few eggs, and tea made in a vessel that had been used to store oil in, the Princess kept up her heart, ' sleeping like an angel ' in garrets of bad inns, or in the jolting country cart that replaced the broken-down berline. They were delayed by the Princess of Baden, who was travelling in front, and had secured all the post horses. Meanwhile, at Innsbruck, Jeanneton lay abed, and declined in the character of Clementina, to see the magistrate on his daily visit. This device saved twenty-foui hours, and when a hurrying courier was at last sent O'Toole waylaid and entertained him at an inn leaving him dead-drunk under the table. The flying party reached Bologna, where the bride visited thf Palazzo Caprara. Her purpose was to see the portrait of a young lady of the House, who had beer ' talked about ' with James. On beholding the portrait she ' flushed vermilion,' says Gaydon, ir his account of this exploit. Apparently she wa; of rather a jealous temper. On May 8 Murraj arrived, James being still in Spain, and soon a proxj marriage was performed. On September 2 Jame; had returned from his futile Spanish journey, anc the wedding was duly celebrated. A medal with Clementina's head was struck : on the obverse we see her driving a chariot into Rome. Clementine had brought to James her beauty, youth, and wealth including the Sobieski rubies, and she received the right to sign herself ' Clementina R.'

The Four Irish Musketeers were made Senator; of Rome, and Wogan was created a Baronet, and appropriately, was appointed to the Governorship o La Mancha. ' If he dies there, it must be allowec that he dies at his post,' wrote Sir Charles himself ir 1744. The others were knighted by James. JacO'

bites now waited hopefully for the birth of a Prince of Wales ; the offspring of fair Clementina. It was on an Old Year's Night, 1720, that their hopes were fulfilled. In the presence of Cardinals and noble ladies, Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart saw the light.' The last Birthday Ode for the infant then born was destined to be sung by no Gibber nor Pye, but by Robert Burns. But for the first Birth Night a laureate was not wanting :

A radiant Host round the Eternal stood ;

An Host solicitous for human good :

To whom th' Almighty — ' Seraphs guard my care,

Protect the Infant, and preserve the fair ! '

A new star was said to have appeared on the Prince's birth night, and, later, was introduced on one of his medals. The English agent in Rome, Walton, reported that the child was so ill-fashioned that he would never be able to walk, and that his mother could never be a mother again. These were unfulfilled prophecies. An account of the exiled Court is given in a letter which exists in a thin quarto pamphlet. The author (said to be Lord Blandford), visiting Rome, is astonished to find that James has an Anglican chapel for his Protestant adherents. It was always James's attitude to be thoroughly tolerant : to his own creed he, must cling, but never would he

' He had a few other names, as his baptismal certificate proves.

do other than protect the rehgion of his subjects. The letter of 172 1 speaks of two Anglican chaplains, Cooper and Berkeley. Later (1747), the author of ' Genuine Memoirs of John Murray of Broughton ' ^ names Cooper and Bartlett, the latter dismissed by order of the Pope, for a polemical sermon. The same writer says that when Charles and his brother Henry were ' at their devotions ' in this Anglican chapel, ' a small piece of the ceiling detached itself from the rest, and a Thistle fell into the lap of the elder, on which he started, and looking up, a Rose fell immediately after : this, together with a Star of great magnitude which the astronomers pretend appeared at his nativity . . . might have had some share in exciting him to his rash enterprise.'

The early troubles of James's married life were partly due to his attitude of religious toleration (which did not suit Clementina), and to the difficulty of combining Protestant with Catholic tuition for his son. The letter writer of May 172 1 says 'the Princess observed to us that as she believed he was to live and die among Protestants, she thought fit to have him bred up by their hands, and that, in the country where she was born, there was no other distinction but that of honest or dishonest' These did not continue to be Clementina's sentiments, and

' These are not Murray's genuine Memoirs which have but recently been published.

probably the letter is a mere Jacobite tract. The following note from James as to a governess, Mrs. Sheldon, is highly characteristic of the Chevalier. The lady was ' bigg enough ' to prove a firebrand in the family.*

From Kg. James to Duke of Mar.

Rome, April 1st /21.

You know that I have sent for hither Mrs. Sheldon but I am engaged to nothing with her more than to keep her when here. If I find her fitt to put about my son I am always master to do it, but whether she should be fitt or unfitt, it would be a satisfaction to me to have some persons in my view equall to such a trust. The qualities of a person for so important a charge are obvious. The better born she be, the better, but what is above all requisite is prudence, a reasonable knowledge of the world, and a principle of obedience, attachment and submission to me, which may put her above private envies or factions. I know by experience these qualities are rare, but without them all things will not be right managed and without the last the case might happen the child might personally suffer by it. Till he is a year old our Englishwoman will do, and she doth mightily well, but after that she will not be bigg enough, I mean of too low a rank.^

James wanted to be King in his own house ! Alas, obedience and submission to him were what

' When no other source is cited the letters and notes are from the Stuart MSS. in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle.

* Apparently 'our Englishwoman ' is not Mrs. Sheldon, but Mrs. Hughes.

he could not win, either from mother or child. As early as February 20, 1722, we find Hay writing to Mar that ' Peter ' (James) ' is resolved to meddle no more in these matters ' — matters of the nursery. Hay has ' a notion of the impossibility of women's ever agreeing together.' Trouble had obviously begun around the cradle. James, in fact, was a man indifferent to society, and the pleasures which a pretty bride like Clementina has a right to expect. He was poor, for he made great efforts to provide for his impoverished adherents, and even a large pension from the Pope went to aid his exiled friends. He was immersed in business, absorbing if futile, and mainly conducted his own immense correspondence. Left much alone, Clementina was thwarted in her desire that her child should be entrusted only to Catholic hands. Her lord was much in the company of Hay and Murray. She disliked Murray, and hated Hay, who is accused of insolence to his Queen. Her son, even now, was the centre of conspiracies. Layer, an English barrister, afterwards hanged for his share in a side-branch of Atterbury's plot, was intriguing with Mrs. Hughes, the Prince's Welsh nurse, while the Guards of George I. were to be corrupted (so Layer planned), and Ormond was to invade London, the populace was to rise, and the Royal child was to be carried to the Highlands and head the Clans ! Such, if we may believe the Report of the Lords' Committee on Layer's case, was the scheme of that English lawyer, and of the Welsh nurse. It was to be financed by a Lottery !