The church in northern Ohio and in the diocese of Cleveland from 1749 to 1890

Front matter

mJvr

The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.

Preface To The First Edition

On entering a large city the eye is filled with the evidences of the material struggle for life — some of them grand, some of them dismal. One cannot but reflect on that incessant activity which has upreared the vast mart. And yet, above all the massive or elegant structures that synibolize the various successes, pursuits and ambitions of man, there towers the cross of the Catholic church.

Passing out into the country, in the raore modest village, and amid surroundings nearer to the God of nature, still we find the upreared shaft, remirfder of mankind's redemption.

These temples, lowly or superb, are the evidences of the civilization that builds beyond time, and yet preserves all that is worth preserving in time. But the temples are not self, upreared, and back of this the civilization on which depends the security of the temporal, there have been architects and builders at work — their master, the Supreme Architect of the universe, and their prime domain, the spiritual. In this domain there is the perfection of order. From the lowliest church to the great cathedral divine authority overrules. There is unison, guidance, from parish to diocese, until all centre at Rome, where is

the Church.

Those then who have mastered a diocese, from the building priest to the artchitect bishop, have founded more, and more lasting, than the teeming city, whatsoever the wonders of its construction or the myriads of its population. Self-interest built the city, self-sacrifice the diocese. Empires decay; religion remains, rooted in the hearts of man.

The pages that follow will give the reader an idea of how a diocese is constructed. The men who most largely figure in this volume are also heroes of battle-fields, but their victories were bloodless, won under the banner of the Prince of Peace. God knows there are wounds to be received in that field.

We who reap what those pioneer priests sowed can, in the historical sketches that follow, learn something of what it meant, of hardships, of fatigues, of disgusts and crosses, to make firm foundation of Catholicity in Northern Ohio and the Diocese of Cleveland.

Our contemporaries who are still building and supervising, they too have history to make, their Catholic imprints to leave on Time ; and their road, if less rugged in one way, is as arduous in another as that of their priestly predecessors. Equal the merit of those who blaze the road, or those who lay the highway. The cross assumes many shapes.

The author of this volume — to him a labor of love — is a priest of the Diocese of Cleveland. Here was he born, here ordained, here has he ministered. To this diocese of his affections he dedicates this delineation of her ecclesia.stical growth.

If its reading will conduce to reflection on what it means to live for God, the transcendent merit of laboring with eye upturned to heaven, ever facing the grand edifice of Eternity, he will have attained sufficient object.

By those of the laity whose sturdy Catholic parents figure in this work, it will be particularly treasured.

And the value of thus collating facts of early Catholic history, the advantage of this volume to the future historian on a larger scale, commends itself at once to the discerning reader.

Manly Tello.

September lo, 1887.

Preface To The Second Edition

The exhaustion of the first edition of " The Church in Northern Ohio and in the Diocese of Cleveland," as also a demand for a second edition, are a pleasing evidence of the growing interest among our Catholic people for information on church history, whether diocesan or general.

Though this work does not pretend to be a complete history of Catholicity in this fair and prosperous portion of the Church, it contains in succinct form the historical data and the "blazed trees" that, it is hoped, will aid and guide the future historian, who will best appreciate the dry-as-dust labor and accompanying usefulness of the "Biographical Notices," " Tables of Churches," etc. The time has not j^et come to write such history, for the reason that those who helped to make it are either too recentl}' dead or still among the living.

For valuable assistance rendered to this work I thank the

Right Rev. Bishops Machebeuf and De Goesbriand, who were

among the pioneer priests of Northern Ohio ; also Mr. John

Gilmary Shea, LIv. D., the Reverends M. Healy, S. Bauer, N.

Roupp, J. J. Dohert)-, Z. Druon, F. Westerholt, A. Martin, F.

Ankly, and others.

G. F. H.

December 15, 1888.

Preface To The Third Edition

Grateful for the kind reception given the first and second editions of "The Church in Northern Ohio and in the Diocese of Cleveland," the author sends this unpretentious volume, with some changes and additions, on its third tour amongst an appreciative Catholic public.

Historical Sketch of Catholicity, Part I. — In Northern Ohio ; 9

Part II. — In the Diocese of Cleveland, 25

Biographical Sketch of the Right Rev. Edward Fenwick, O. P. 46

Biographical Sketch of the Most Rev. John B. Purcell, D. D. 52

Biographical Sketch of the Right Rev. Amadeus Rappe, D. D. 57

Biographical Sketch of the Right Rev. Richard Gilmour, D. D. 76 Biographical Notices of the Secular and Regular Clergy, 1818 — April,

1890, 84

I/ist of the Secular Clergy in the Diocese of Cleveland, April, 1890, 204

Ivist of the Regular Clergy " " " April, 1890, 211

List of Churches, Stations, etc. " " October, 1847, 213

List of Churches, Stations, etc. " " April, 1890, 217 List of Male Religious Communities in the Diocese of Cleveland,

April, 1890, 227 List of Female Religious Communities in the Diocese of Cleveland,

April, 1890, 228 List of Educational Institutions in the Diocese of Cleveland, April,

1890, 228 List of Charitable Institutions in the Diocese of Cleveland, April,

1890, 229 Catholic Progress in Northern Ohio and in the Diocese of Cleveland,

1817 — 1889, 230 Historical Sketch of Early Catholicity and of the First Church in

Cleveland, 237 Historical Sketch of Early Catholicity and of the First Church in

Letter from John Gilmary Shea, LL. D. 254

Reminiscences of Rt. Rev. P. J. Machebeuf, D. D. 303

Reminiscences of Rt. Rev. L. De Goesbriand, D. D. 309

ILLUSTRATIONS.

I. St. John's Cathedral, Cleveland, Title Page.

II. St. Paul's Church, near Dungannon, facing page 20 ■III. Right Rev. Edward Fenwick, O. P. " " 46

IV. Most Rev. John B. Purcell, D. D. " " 52

V. Right Rev. Amadeus Rappe, D. D. " " 57

VI. Right Rev. Richard Gilmour, D, D. " " 76

VII. St. Mary's Theological Seminary, Cleveland, " " 84

VIII. Ursuline Convent, Cleveland, " " 99

IX. Ursuline Convent, Toledo, " " 130

X. Notre Dame Convent, Cleveland, " " 155

XI. St. Ignatius College, Cleveland, " " 180 XII-. St. Vincent's Hospital and Asylum, Toledo, " " 200

XIII. Charity Hospital and Foundling Asylum, Cleveland, " " 229

XIV. St. Mary's Church, on the " Flats," Cleveland, " " 237

XV. (Old) St. Francis de Sales' Church, Toledo, " " 248

XVI. Cathedral School, Cleveland, " " 276

HISTORICAL SKETCH

Catholicity in Northern Ohio

-AND IX THE-

Diocese oe Cleveland.

:BJ^-^bT X.

Northern Ohio.

1749-1847.

The learned Catholic historian of the Church in the United States, John Gilmary Shea, LL. D., in an interesting article contributed to the Catholic Universe, September 15, 1881, says that the first trace of Catholic missionaries having visited the territory now within the limits of Ohio, is found as early as 1749. It was then that the Jesuit Fathers, Potier and Bonnecamp, came to evangelize the Huron Indians living along the Vermillion and Sandusky rivers, in Northern Ohio. He also states that the first permanent chapel within the confines of the present state of Ohio, was erected near Sandusky in i/Siby the Jesuit Father de la Richardie, who, with his companions, had come from Detroit and Canada to the southern shore of Lake Erie.

A part of the Huron tribe was brought by Father de la Richardie, in 1751, to Sandusky, where, under the name of Wyandots, they soon took an active part in the affairs of the West. They were also conspicuous in the last French War, and at its close were implicated in the conspiracy of Pontiac,

10 THE JESUITS.

though long checked by the influence of Father Peter Potier, S. J. During the exciting times of the war these missionaries were driven from Sandusky, Father Potier being the last Jesuit missionary among the western Hurons. He died in July, 1 78 1. The Indian missions in and near Sandusky thence depended entirely on the priests attached to the French Posts in Canada and Michigan. Although the Wyandots at Sandusky were thus cut off in great measure from all spiritual care and instructions they kept the Faith. When white settlers began to come into the state, the Wyandots attracted the attention of the Protestant " missionaries," who appeared to be bent rather on undoing what the Jesuit missionaries had done, than on combatting Paganism in its stronghold. A Presbyterian preacher named Joseph Badger made an attempt to " evangelize " the Wyandots, but met with a firm opposition from their chiefs, one of whom it is said, put to death a member of his tribe because he had apostatised. The Methoilists next attempted what the Rev. Badger failed to do, and with better success. The old members of the Wyandot tribe having died, their children, who had not been properly instructed, followed the new religious " guides " and so were lost to the Church.*

Traces of these Indian missions have been found recently near the Sandusky river at Fremont and near the Portage river at Port Clinton, in the form of plain silver crosses, such as are known to have been used by the French Canadian missionaries.

When the Society of Jesus was suppressed, and Canada lost to the French, the above mentioned Indian missions were abandoned. From 175 1 to 1795 no record is found of any further effort made in Northern Ohio to continue the missionary work begun by the Jesuits. In the early part of 1796 the Rev. Edmund Burkef was sent by Bishop Hubert, of Quebecfrom Detroit to the northwestern part of Ohio, near Fort Meigs, just built by the British government on the east bank

*Shea'5 Am. Cath. Missions, p. 203.

tSee "Letter from John Ciilmary Shea, LL.Il.," p. 246. Rev. E. Burke was born in Ireland about 1743; died at Halifax, as Vicar Apostolic of Nora Scotia, Dee. 1. 1820.

THE DOMINICANS. 11

of the Maumee river, near the present site of Perrysburg, Wood county. Here he resided about one year, ministering to the few Catholic soldiers in the fort, and endeavoring with little success, to christianize the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians in the neighborhood — the latter work having been for long one of his aims as a missionary priest. Father Burke left this unpromising charge about February, 1797. From that time, and until 18 17, no priest was stationed in Northern Ohio, and in fact none in the entire territory of the present state of Ohio.

During this period of about twenty years a number of Catholic families came from Maryland and Pennsylvania and settled in Columbiana county, some as early as 1812, and others a few years later in Stark and Wayne counties.

In 1814 the saintly Dominican Father, Rev. Edward Fenwick, was sent by Bishop Flaget, of Bardstown, Ky., to look after the spiritual interests of the Catholics, sparsely settled in Southern and Central Ohio, with a view to provide them with regular pastoral attendance. In 1817 he paid his first pastoral visit to the few Catholic families settled in the northeastern part of the state — Columbiana and Stark counties. It is therefore from last mentioned year that Catholicity in Northern Ohio really dates its beginning.

As this narrative is to be confined to the territory of Northern Ohio — the present Diocese of Cleveland — in recording the establishment, growth and progress of the Church, it will deal with such facts relating thereto as far as the subject demands, and the narrow limits of a sketch will permit.

I. The Dominicans

Columbiana and Stark counties are the cradle of Catholicity in Northern Ohio, and the Dominicans its first missionaries. As to the early labors of these pioneer priests in Northern Ohio it is to be regretted that the records are sadly deficient. In fact, as the writer was informed by the Very

12 THE DOMINICANS.

Rev. Provincial of the Dominicans in the United States, no records were kept by the Dominicans, either by themselves while attending to their scattered missions, or at their convents in Kentucky, and in Perry county, Ohio, whence they were sent to Northern Ohio. This account of their early labors must therefore necessarily be incomplete. The information here given was gathered from historical sketches of congregations iinder their pastoral care, and although meagre, it is hoped it will not fail to prove of interest to the reader.

As above stated, Rev. Father Fenwick, the pioneer priest of this state, made his first visit to Northern Ohio in 1817, and found a number of Catholic families settled near Hanover, and near the present village of Dungannon, in Columbiana county ; also at Canton, Stark county. In 1818 he came again, accompanied by his nephew, the Rev. N. D. Young, who had been ordained the year previous. Arrangements were now made for regular visits. In December, 18 18, Father Fenwick was directed to establish a convent of his Order near Somerset, Perry county, Ohio, on a tract of land given the Dominicans for that purpose by Mr. P. Dittoe, a fervent and generous Catholic.

This convent was the residence of the Dominican Fathers who attended at regular intervals, the missions entrusted to their pastoral care in Columbiana, Stark, Mahoning and Wayne counties. Rev. Fathers Fenwick and Young were soon joined by others of their Order, each of whom had charge of one or more missions in Northern and Central Ohio. The following is a complete list of their names, viz: Revs. Vincent de Raymacher, Charles P. Montgomery, John A. Hill, John G. Alleman, Joseph S. Alemany, P. Fochenkress, J. O'Meara, Thomas H. Martin, A. Fahey, Thomas McGrady, D. J. O'Leary, A. F. Van de Weyer and Richard P. Miles. Wherever they labored they did so with zeal and success, and left their impress on all the missions under their charge. Hardships and difficulties and disappointments they bore cheerfully. They laid the foundation of religion deeply, so that their successors might, as they did, build solidly thereon the edifice.

THE REDEMPTORISTS. 13

Among them, Fathers Fenwick, Young and Hill were markedly successful. Their names are intimately associated with the early Catholic history of Northern Ohio; the first two as founders of the flourishing congregations in Columbiana and Wayne counties, and Father Hill as the founder of St. John's, Canton, where his remains now rest.

Bishop Flaget finding it impossible to attend to the vast territory under his jurisdiction, petitioned the Holy See for relief. The result was the erection of the Diocese of Cincinnati, embracing the states of Ohio and Michigan, and the appointment of Father Fenwick as its first Bishop. Reluctantly he accepted the burden, and was consecrated at Bardstown, Ky., January 13, 1822. Till his death in 1832, he loved to visit the field of his early missionary labors and was always most cordially welcomed by his former co-laborers and parishioners.

The Dominicans gradually gave up to secular priests their pastoral charges in the above named counties till, in 1842, they withdrew entirely, St. John's, Canton, being their last mission in Northern Ohio.

H.

THE REDEMPTORISTS.

Meanwhile the central portion of Northern Ohio, especially the counties of Huron, Erie, Sandusky and Seneca, had received a considerable influx of Catholics, principally from Germany.

In 1832 several Redemptorist Fathers came from Austria to the United States, under direction of their Provincial and at the earnest invitation of Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, to take charge of the Indian and the few Catholic German missions in Michigan, then under his jurisdiction as Bishop of Cincinnati. Disheartened at meeting with little or no success in their priestly labors in Michigan they asked to be relieved of this fruitless mission. As soon as their request was granted by their Provincial. Bishop Purcell, successor to Bishop Fenwick,

14 THE REDEMPTORISTS.

ofifered them the pastoral charge of the missions in Crawford, Huron, Erie, Seneca and Wyandot counties, with residence at Peru, Huron county, where, since, 1829, a congregation of Catholic Germans had been organized. Rev. F. X. Tschenhens was accordingly sent, in 1834; later he was joined by the Rev. Fathers Czakert, Haetscher, Prost and SaenderL Soon these good and zealous priests found as little consolation here as did their brethren in Michigan. Their appeals to the generosity of their people in Peru, for the erection of a new and much needed church, and ftjr other parochial wants, met with no response. The spirit of the congregation was bad; insult and abuse the return given the priests for their labors and self-sacrifice. This was most painful to good Father Tschenhens, who had in a particular manner interested himself in the spiritual welfare of his congregation. However, in spite of ill-treatment he and his faithful co-laborers continued to discharge their duty, hoping against hope for a change of spirit. Father Tschenhens now took personal charge of the scattered missions in the adjoining counties, visiting at regular intervals, on horseback, and often over almost impassable roads, Sandusky, Norwalk, Liberty, Tiffin, Bucyrus, Wolf's Creek (now New Riegel), McCutchenville (no longer existing as a mission), and occasionally Canton. Whilst he was thus engaged Father Czakert, and his associates above mentioned, attended Peru and the neighboring missions.

No change for the better taking place in the spirit of the congregation at Peru, the Redemptorist Fathers asked their Provincial for permission to give up this charge. Their request was granted, and on Low Sunday, 1839, the Rev. Father Prost announced to the congregation that he and his brethren intended to leave them, giving as a reason for so doing, the continued unkindness and ingratitude shown the Fathers in return for their labors among the people entrusted to their pastoral care.

All the Redemptorist Fathers left as announced, with the exception of Rev. F. X. Tschenhens, who a few months later followed his associates to Pittsburg, where they founded a

THE SANGUINISTS. 15

convent and the present very flourishing congregation of St. Philomena.

In 1841, at the earnest solicitation of Bishop Purcell, Father Tschenhens again took charge of the congregation at Peru, which had been without a priest for months, owing to dissensions which caused the removal of the secular priest in charge, the Rev. Joseph Freigang. Father Tschenhens was assisted by the Redemptorist Fathers, Revs. J. N. Neumann and L. M. Alig, remaining from June, 1841, to November,

1843. Meanwhile he also attended Tiffin and a few other missions in Seneca and Wyandot counties. With last mentioned date ended the labors of the Redemptorists in Northern Ohio.

III. The Sanguinists

The number of Catholics and missions so rapidly increased that Bishop Purcell was obliged to seek for more priestly help outside his diocese. Whilst on his return home from a visit to the Eternal City, in 1843, he chanced to meet at Havre a band of missionary priests, members of the Society of the Most Precious Blood (also and better known as Sanguinists), who were on their way to the United States to devote themselves to the pastoral care of their German brethren in the Faith. He informed them of the great and pressing need of priests for his diocese, and kindly invited them to come to his assistance. The invitation was accepted, and in January,

1844, the Very Rev. Father Brunner, Provincial of the Sanguinists, accompanied by Rev. Fathers Meier, Wittmer, Van den Broek, Capeder, Ringele and Jacomet, arrived at Peru and took charge of St. Alphonsus' congregation as successors to the Redemptorists. They also accepted charge of the missions attended by their predecessors, besides attending to the Catholic Germans in Cleveland, and the scattered missions in Lorain, Medina, Wayne, Portage and Stark counties.

The advent of these devoted priests was hailed with delight wherever they were sent. Their labors were signally blessed.

Religion flourished in all the missions under their vigilant care, so that the healthy growth of Catholicity in Northern Ohio may be justly, and in a large measure, ascribed under God to the untiring zeal of these excellent priests. December, 1844, Father Brunner established a convent for this Society at New Riegel, in 1845 one at Thompson, and in 1848 another at Glandorf, each of which places became a center of Catholicity for the surrounding country, and from which the neighboring missions were regularly attended. In 1847 the congregation of Peru, completely changed in spirit by the prayerful labors of the Sanguinist Fathers, was resigned by them. It was then placed in charge of secular priests, and has since so remained.

IV The Secular Clergy

Thus far this sketch has dealt chiefly with the labors of the clergy belonging to the religious orders. The secular clergy are no less deserving of special mention, for they too labored in this part of the Lord's vineyard amid trials, difficulties and hardships, often side by side with their brethren already mentioned, and more often alone in the scattered and wide-spread missions of Northern Ohio. And their labors have borne fruit a hundred fold. They did yeoman's service; they blazed the way for those who succeeded them, and laid the foundation for many missions that have long since developed into strong, vigorous and prosperous congregations.

The first secular priest to do missionary work in Northern Ohio was the Rev. Ignatius J. Mullon, a learned and pious clergyman. He was stationed at the Cathedral in Cincinnati between 1824 and 1834, and was repeatedly sent by his Bishop to the missions in Stark and Columbiana counties, also to Tiffin and Fremont, remaining for longer or shorter periods in each place. His first visit to Northern Ohio was shortly after his ordination, in 1824. Rev. Francis Marshall was the next secular priest, doing pastoral work at Chippewa, (near Doylestown) in 1827. In 1S30 Rev. John M. Henni was appointed resident pastor of St. John's, Canton, remaining till 1834. During this time he also attended missions in Columbiana, Stark and Wayne counties. Next in point of time was the Rev. Edmund Quinn, first resident pastor of St. Mary's, Tiffin, 1831-35. His mission covered all of Northwestern Ohio. In 1833 Rev. W. J. Horstmann came to Northern Ohio and founded a colony on land he purchased in Putnam county from the government. Here also he established St. John's congregation, Glandorf Rev. James Conlan had charge of missions in Columbiana and Mahoning counties, and the eastern portion of Stark county, from 1834. In 1835 Rev. Matthias Wuertz was appointed pastor of St. John's, Canton, and attended Massillon, Louisville, Navarre, and several stations in Stark and Wayne counties. He remained till 1845. Rev. John Dillon was the first resident pastor of Cleveland, from 1835 to 1836, and during this short time attended stations in Summit and Lorain counties. Rev. Basil Schorb, a native of Pennsylvania, was appointed resident pastor of Chippewa in 1837, and had charge of Canal Fulton, Massillon, Canton, Liverpool, Randolph and Wooster. He left Ohio in 1843. Rev. George Boehne was on the mission in Putnam county, notably Fort Jennings, from 1841.

Rev. Patrick O'Dwyer had pastoral charge of the Catholics of Cleveland from 1837 to 1839, '^i^'^ commenced their first church in 1838.

Between 1838 and 1840 the Rev. Michael McAleer did pastoral duty at Canton, Dungannon and Navarre. From 1839 to 1847, the Rev. Joseph McNamee was resident pastor of St. Mary's, Tiffin. For several years he also had charge of all the stations and missions in Northwestern Ohio, covering the same territory as his predecessor, Father Quinn.

Rev. Projectus J. Machebeuf had charge of the missions in Sandusky, Henry, Ottawa, Wood and Lucas counties from 1839, till he was transferred to Sandusky, as first resident pastor, in December, 1840. From Sandusky he attended missions in Sandusky, Erie and Huron counties.

In 1840 the Revs. Amadeus Rappe and Louis de Goesbriand came to Ohio. The latter was sent .by Bishop Purcell to take charge of St. Louis' congregation, Louisville, Stark county. Father Rappe resided about six months at Chillicothe. In 1841 he was sent to Toledo, where he organized St. Francis de Sales' congregation, and attended all the missions and stations in Lucas, Paulding, Williams, Defiance and Henry counties. In 1846 he was joined by Father de Goesbriand, who shared with him the privations and labors connected with this difficult charge. Father Rappe remained at Toledo till his elevation to the Episcopacy in 1847.

Rev. Peter McLaughlin was resident pastor at Cleveland from 1840 to 1846. Shortly after his arrival he had the interior of St. Mary's church, on the Flats, completed. The church was dedicated June 7, 1840. Father McLaughlin also attended missions in Lake, Lorain and Summit counties.

Rev. Maurice Howard was on the mission in Northern Ohio about ten years. He came in 1842. Among his charges were Doylestown, Cleveland and Tiffin. He also attended missions in Wayne, Summit, Richland, Portage, Medina, Mahoning, Lake, Huron and Geauga counties.

In 1843 Rev. John J. Doherty was appointed pastor of St. John's, Canton, where he remained about five years. He also attended Massillon, Canal Fulton and Navarre.

In 1844 the Revs. John H. Luhr and John O. Bredeick were assigned charges in Northern Ohio. Father Luhr was first stationed at St. John's, Canton, October, 1844. In 1845 he organized St. Peter's, Canton, whose pastor he was till 1847. Father Bredeick was the founder of Delphos, and of St. Jx)hn's congregation, same place. In 1845 Rev. Peter Peudeprat arrived from France and was sent to Sandusky as assistant to Father Machebeuf, where he remained till the following year, when he was appointed pastor of St. Louis' church, Louisville, Stark county.

From 1844 to 1846, Rev. Cornelius Daley was first resident pastor of St. Vincent's, Akron, and from 1846 to 1847 pastor at Doylestown. Rev. Philip Foley was stationed at Massillon in 1846, and attended Wooster, where he directed the building of the first church, commenced in 1847 and finished two years later.

Besides the above mentioned secular priests the followingwere also on the mission in Northern Ohio; Revs. Michael A Byrne, at Cleveland, 1845-47; J- Freigang, at Peru and Norwalk, 1840-41; H. Herzog, at Ft. Jennings, 1840; J. Hoffmann, at St. John's, Canton, with charge of Louisville and Doylestown, 1836-37; H. D. Juncker, at Canton and Tiffin, 1836-37; J. Kearney, who attended East Liverpool and Wellsville from Steubenville, 1845-46; F. X. Roth, at Avon, 1845-47; E. Thienpont, at Tiffin, 1834-35; J- V. Conlan, at Dungannon, in 1847.

Very Rev. Stephen T. Badin and Very Rev. Edward T. Collins also visited some of the missions in Northern Ohio between 1835 and 1837, the former ministering to the Catholics at Canton, Canal Fulton, Fremont and Tiffin, the latter to those of Dungannon, Toledo and along" the Maumee river.

This brief narrative contains the names of all the secular priests who, at any time between 1824 and 1847, were either stationed in Northern Ohio, or attended missions located therein. As this sketch would hardly permit more than the mere mention of their names, the reader is referred to the biographical notices* of these priests, many of whom are deeply enshrined in the memory of those who knew them and their disinterested work in the cause of religion.

The following is a complete list of secular priests stationed in Northern Ohio, October, 1847, when the Diocese of Cleveland was erected : Revs. G. Boehne, Glandorf; J. O. Bredeick, Delphos; James Conlan and J. Vincent Conlan, Dungannon; Louis de Goesbriand, Toledo; John J. Doherty, St. John's, Canton; Philip Foley, Massillon; Maurice Howard, Cleveland; J. B. Jacomet, assistant, St. Peter's, Canton; John H. Luhr, St. Peter's, Canton; Projectus J. Machebeuf, Sandusky; Casimir Mouret, Doylestown; Peter Peudeprat, Louisville; Amadeus Rappe, Toledo — in all, fourteen secular priests.

Of the above mentioned priests only the following are living (April, 1890) : The Rt. Rev. L. de Goesbriand, present Bishop of Burlington; the Rev. John J. Doherty, pastor of St. John's, Honesdale, Pa., and the Rev. J. B. Jacomet, residing at Thompson, Seneca county, O.

*pp. 84 et seq.

20 CHURCHES.

V. Churches

As heretofore stated, Father F'enwick came to Northern Ohio for the first time in 1817, visiting among other places in Columbiana and Stark counties, the few Catholic families settled near the present village of Dungannon. Here also, under his direction, in 1820, was built the first church in Northern Ohio. It was a small brick building, dedicated to St. Paul the Apostle, and served its purpose till 1849, when the present church in Dungannon was erected. Three years later the Catholics in Canton also built a brick church, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist. It was replaced in 1872 by the present very beautiful church. Until 1829, the above were the only two churches in Northern Ohio, when a third was built at Chippewa, near the present village of Doylestown. It was primitive in style, small in size and built of logs. In 1831 two more log churches were erected, one at Randolph, Portage county, the other between Lawrence and Canal Fulton, in Stark county. In 1832 a small brick church (St. Mary's) was opened for divine service at Tiffin. It was built under direction of the Rev. Edmund Quinn, and was enlarged by a frame addition built during the pastorate of Father McNamee in 1845. In 1833 three log churches were erected, viz.: ac Glandorf, Putnam county; Navarre (Bethlehem), Stark county, and at New Riegel (Wolf's Creek), Seneca county. In 1834 the Catholics of Peru built a frame church under the direction of the Redemptorist Father, Rev. F. X. Tschenhens, who had it dedicated to St. Alphonse, the founder of the Redemptorists. In 1835 a brick church was built at Louisville, Stark county, and another (frame) at La Porte, Lorain county. In 1836 a frame church was erected at Shelby Settlement, Richland county, and another the following year at McCutchenville, Wyandot county, eight miles south of Tiffin. In 1839 a log church was erected at Thompson, Seneca county. Cleveland's first church (frame) was begun in 1838, and opened for