The condition of women and children among the Celtic, Gothic, and other nations

Front matter

V

V

IRISH CHIEF LIBERATING HIS ENGLISH SLAVES,

Preface

One of the grandest triumphs of Christianity is to be seen in the spectacle of the kneeling Irish, praying with all the fervor of their generous hearts for the conversion of England. The most persecuted and vengeful race in history offer up sacrifice for the temporal and eternal welfare of the most vile, perfidious, rapacious, and cruel nation on the globe, — the English, — who still treat the Irish and the Irish character with unrelenting malignity. It is a sight to agitate the whole host of heaven.

It is true that the educated Irish, who know English history, and can comprehend English policy, loathe and execrate the national Saxon character. Be it remembered that the Irish are the injured party ; yet it has never been their practice to abuse the English in private conversation as well as in the public print. On the contrary, the English, by a loud and incessant blowing of their own trumpet, have introduced certain notions about John Bull’s blunt honesty and fair

PREFACE.

play even among the robbed, martyred, and maligned Gaels.

I admire the charitable sentiment of the Catholic clergy, that it is better, if possible, to heal the ulcers and conceal the deformities of English character than to tear them open to the horrified gaze of Christendom. We cannot glorify Celts by debasing Saxons, though the converse term of this idea is very prevalent.

I should engage in a much pleasanter task, and produce a more salable work, by painting only the bright features of the human soul, than by dwelling tediously upon human animalism. But in this noisy day of Anglo-Saxon arrogance, and Anglo-American self-glorification, it is absolutely necessary to humble the Pharisees. English writers have enviously, meanly dragged us down into the mire, and we must fight our way out to higher ground. I come forward more as a public prosecutor than as a simple historian or judge, because the circumstances drive me necessarily into this position. The virtues of the English, and the dirt and debasement of the Irish, are well known wherever

The Times ” and Punch,” and all that tribe circulate. I dwell rather on the other view of the case, because it has been omitted.

The boasting of the English over the once proud Irish — those Irish who used to house, clothe, feed, and educate the Anglo-Saxon savages, those Irish who owned and generously liberated Anglo-Saxon slaves — is analogous to the insolent tyranny of the Turk over the

PREFACE.

once proud Greeks. A vulgar instinct of the Turk, as well as of the Englishman, is to degrade the subject to a piteous state, and then exultingly and before the world to point at him the finger of scorn. John Bull thus, exhibits his fair play and blunt honesty.

Denied education by English penal laws, the Irish are called ignorant and superstitious. Robbed of all but honor, they are called poor and dirty — loio Irish. Defrauded of their wages, the Irish laborers are called lazy by the idle English gang of armed banditti. Robbed of their inheritance, the Irish farmers are driven forth into the sea as dishonest rascals if they cannot meet the demands of landlord, and church, and state. Defeated by the superior resources, as well as by the broken treaties, of Albion, and with the bayonet ever at his throat, and the Orange bloodhound ever at his heels, the Irishman is called unprogressive.

Burned out, crowbarred out, like noxious vermin ; groaning under the weight of the most ponderous church and state oligarchy the world has ever seen ; written down by the most talented hirelings of a mighty press ; humbled to the earth — behold the descendants of a noble race sitting at the road side with fevered hands covering their tearful eyes. There they sit, listening to the vulgar boasting of their brutal drivers, whose Saxon insolence stings unceasingly.

A chief source and support of the Anglo-Saxon doctrine is the rapacity of state-churchism. In order to plunder ‘‘ Papists ” with impunity, it must be shown

PREFACE.

that Popery is a very bad, a very low thing ; and in order to sustain this proposition, it must be demonstrated that none but silly, inferior races could perpetuate Popery. It is not the mere flunky desire to appear respectable, by elaiming kindred with the royal Saxe- Gotha, that Anglo-Saxonism has of late years become fashionable ; there is sectarian malignity and political rapacity at the bottom of it. “ It is the natural order of Providence that inferior races shall melt away before the advance of the superior Anglo-Saxon; the Celt must go with a vengeance,” exelaims the brutal exterminator. “ 0, verily, the Irish Papists are suffering the penalty of their idolatry,” cry the saints of Exeter Hall.

If the hypocrite deserves the deepest hell, what should we say of those philosophers of Old and New England, who, while they claim the Negro as a man and a brother, endeavor, both in writing and in illustrations, to degrade the Celts (partly their own ancestors) to the level of the baboon. Whence this extraordinary hatred of Irishmen and Celts generally ? Is it in natural instinct ? No ; but in sectarian envy and political antagonisms. We see English-educated Irishmen’s sons becoming Saxons ; that is, as the word is used in Ireland, renegades, oiitlaws, haters of their race, contemners of the mother that cherished their infant growth. But this exception among the Irish is a national feature of the British. Nations have been persecuted by men of their own stripe, but it has been reserved for the British to deny their own origin.

PREFACE,

What can be more humiliating than the fact that the British people, from ignorance, vanity, religious bigotry, political rapacity, and envy, have been casting odium upon their own Celtic British ancestors, simply because the rebellious Irish are called Celts, and because the future rulers and dispensers of patronage have been born of a Saxe-Gotha. Has this boastful John Bull no shame in thus bastardizing himself ? Is there no vein of charity in his heart ?

The people of England, New and Old, seem to know nothing of their own origin. ^

The people of England, New and Old, desire to know nothing true about the Irish ; they only take notice of the Irish beggars and the drunken, disorderly ruffians who come before the public eye. The thousands of industrious, respectable Irish in their cities, and the hard-working, peaceable, honest poor, who crowd the Catholic churches, are unobserved. It is in vain that a few honest men tell the English public that the Irish are preeminent in all the higher qualities that distinguish the man from the brute — in natural intelligence, docility, tender affections, and strong passions, yet having the power to subdue them — in love of learning, music, poetry, the beautiful and the imaginative — in constant communion with departed friends and the bright spirits of the upper world. In short, it is admitted that the Irish are Christians, and that, being Christians, they have within them the seeds of social and political regeneration. Even “ The Times,” our

PREFACE.

slanderer, in a relenting moment said of the Irish emigrants, that they are aflfectionate and hopeful, jovial and witty, industrious and independent ; in fact, the rude element of which great nations are made.” But after all, the British public will only take cognizance of the Irish wretchedness, improvidence, wrangling and intemperance before their eyes, and Puritan Americans will to associate these vices with Popery and inferiority of the Irish race.

The Irish nobility and people lost the refinement and civilization that floj^ from wealth and independence, because they abandoned this world for the sake of the world to come. Even before the reformation, had the Irish slavishly submitted to the half Gothic Norman soldiery, the parties would have amalgamated ; there would have been peace, and consequent prosperity, more sensual enjoyment, and a greater disposition to embrace heresy ; or, when the more terrible reformation came, if the Irish had abandoned God, and become slavish, and selfish, and sensual, and entirely carried away by worldly interests, like the English, their condition would now be much superior. But they preferred poverty and the cross, in hopes that God would restore happy days. English Protestant ascendency, and Irish Catholic magnanimity and indifference to worldly and sensual affairs, have been the causes of Irish social degradation. Like all Europe, in the first ages of Christianity, Ireland has been wasted as a battle field. Catholicity and heresy, self-sacrifice and selfishness, have been the contending

PREFACE.

parties. But the case was different in England. There the people, though broken up into countless sects and parties, have a united nationality. Organized rapacity has made England great. Pagan civilization has supplanted Christian civilization, and England has acquired all the mercantile qualities and the enjoyments that flow from the acquisition of wealth.

The Christian Irish could not rise in the world in the face of a pagan domination ; they had no chance with an aristocratic party whose pride of life, selfishness, lust of ascendency and wealth, gave them the complete mastery in worldly affairs over the Catholic population, who thought more of the other world than of this. The self-sacrifice of the Irish was necessary to the preservation of the faith. God destined them to preserve, through ages of poverty and suffering, the seeds of Christian civilization, which are beginning to spring up again, now that the Irish Catholics are winning emancipation from English acts of Parliament. Irish Catholics are still proverbially an improvident class. This characteristic originated in the noble devotion of our forefathers in preserving their liberty and faith ; but in our day this spirit too often degenerates into a criminal apathy, a fatalism which is mistaken for Christian resignation. The clans of the Gael must stir themselves, for the sun of their prosperity has arisen. Irish poverty and suffering certainly make the most glorious page in the history of Christianity. But there is yet another glorious triumph to be accomplished. Already 2

PREFACE.

many thousands of Irish and their sons have gained the highest honors and independence. This fact speaks well for the Milesians, and it is far more creditable than hereditary wealth or title, or the mean bloodcolored ribbons of the English autocracy.

CHAPTER I. Page

Natural History op Man 17

CHAPTEE II.

Condition op the Family among various Nations 37

CHAPTEE III.

Leads to a Comparison op Celts and Saxons 59

CHAPTEE IV.

He Moribus Germanorum 88

CHAPTEE V.

Domestic Lipe op the Ancient Celts 100

CHAPTEE VI.

Roman Virtue 118

CHAPTEE VII.

Slavery among the Anglo-Saxons 132

CHAPTEE VIII.

The Anglo-Saxon Nation never quite Christianized. ... 158

CONTENTS,

CHAPTER IX.

Page

Savageism of Anglo-Saxon Legislation 171

CHAPTEE X.

The Baseness of English Public Opinion, and the Injustice AND Cruelty of English Law in Eegard to Woman. . . 193

CHAPTEE XI.

English Evidence on the Turpitude of the English Pace. 209

CHAPTEE XII.

Anglo-Orange Goths in Ireland 226

CHAPTEE XIII.

English Niggers 240

CHAPTEE XIV.

Mormonism, Infanticide, and other English Traits. — Eetrospect of English History 263

CHAPTEE XV.

Domestic Economy 310

CHAPTEE XVI.

Conclusion 324

Appendix

WOMEN AND CHILDREN

AMONG THE

CELTIC, GOTHIC, AND OTHER NATIONS.

CHAPTER I.

NATURAL HISTORY OF -^MAN.

It is necessary here, once for all, to define certain terms. I use the word Celt to designate all the oval-headed races of South and West Europe, which was anciently called Celtica. This Celtic type extends, as I might prove, through Asia Minor into North Hindostan. Without insisting here on the identity of any two tribes, I will, with the learned reader’s permission, use the word Celt^ for want of a better, to designate that stripe of nations indicated. In the same manner I use the word Goth to comprehend all the North European tribes, such as the true Germans, and their Anglo- Saxon descendants, who have angular or round heads, &c. ; and as I apply the title Celtic to the oval heads in the East, like the Celts, so I have in some cases applied the word Gothic to Eastern square-headed carnivora.

2* an

A Goth is only an undeveloped Celt, just as a child is an ungrown man ; and, conversely, a proportion of individuals in a Celtic nation may, in a true and physiological sense, be called Goths, being undeveloped — animalized.

Let the reader bear in mind, while perusing the following work, that the most perfectly-constituted human passes through the stages of development peculiar to inferior beings. This explains how the noblest individual retains in himself the radices and instincts of animalism. The greatest saint or philosopher may sink into the most debased creature. Celtic men and Celtic women may and do act occasionally like beasts ; but it is impossible for the idiot, the half idiot, or the savage, with brutal formation, to attain the profound reflection and fine feelings of God’s gifted ones, though the simpleton may have faith and affection as acceptable in the presence of the Father. We must look at the aggregate, not at individual cases, and remember that the Celts are considered higher than the Goths, because they, in general, rise higher. But a demoralized or drunken Celt may act like a sober savage — morose, gluttonous, sensual, and cruel.

The physiological diversity of individuals and races is a most prominent fact ; but from this we are not to infer that religion is useless, as some materialists assume. On the contrary, human degeneracy and depravity render more necessary the influence of a divine agency, which supplies to the animalized man that moral force which he does not naturally possess.

The majority of physiologists agree to the revealed doctrine of unity of races. But types of men have been formed, and their distinctive peculiarities permanent. The degenerate forms of inferior races correspond to' their manner of life, and resemble the herbivorous or carnivorous animals. The Gothic, Mongolian, and red Indian nations have the carnivorous development ; and so also have the lowest races of Africans and Australians. In fact, the carnivorous type belongs to the original nomadic races all over the world, and its radical peculiarities remain unchanged under different phases of civilization.

The Hindoos and superior tribes of Africa and other fruit-bearing countries exhibit the herbivorous type, and its accompanying docility.

The Celtic type of the Mediterranean is the superior and central. It degenerates on the south into the Arab or African, on the east into the Hindoo, and on the north into the Goth ; the races farthest removed from the Celt being the most degraded, such as the Laps and fair-haired Fins, Ogres, Baskirs, &c., the Samoiedes, the Kamtchatkans, &c., the Hottentots, Bushmen, and Australians.

The Celts are characterized by variety of complexion ; the figure is spare and athletic, the limbs long in proportion to the trunk. The features are expressive, and small in proportion to the cranium, which is generally oval. The Celt has the largest brain in proportion to the size of jaws and length of spine.

The Celtic Pelasgic type governed Egypt ; the Phoenicians, Milesians, Greeks, Romans, Spaniards, Gauls, Britons, and Gaels of Erin and Caledonia, are the members of the Celtic family.

The Celtic nations of the old world have occupied only a small tract of land, stretching from Asia Minor, along the northern shores of the Mediterranean, into Erin.

The Gothic race, to which the Anglo-Saxons belong, formed vast hordes, occupying an immense territory in North Em'ope. They were all more or less nomadic, and merged into the Mongol tribes of Asia; and like the carnivorous red men of America, they present a remarkable uniformity. Saxons, Angles, Jutes, Danes, Dutch, Swedes, Goths, Fins, Russians, Ogres, Huns, Kaisack, and Turks, all stretching originally from the Caspian to the Baltic, are of one type — fair, sandy, or red hair, blue, gray, or green eyes, square or round cranium, brain small in proportion to size of jaws and length of back. The face is large, and the features generally lumpish and inexpressive. They have little or no beard ; they are bulky, and liable to grow exceedingly fat, like all inferior tribes. The lower extremities are short and ill made. The whole organization is essentially of the carnivorous type.

The true Gothic type of man in North Europe, to which the original Anglo-Saxons belonged, have broad, flat skulls, of the animalized or base form.

The Crania Britannica, lately published, shows that the skulls in the Anglo-Saxon graves belong to a mixed race. Some are oblong, though inferior to the

THE CELTIC, GOTHIC, AND OTHER NATIONS.

British ; others are broad, flat, and distorted, like the lowest type of North American Indians. These are the true Saxons from North Europe. I have proved by millions of facts got from hatters, &c., that the North German skull is short, broad, and distorted, like the old Saxon lately dug up, and like the red Indian and other savages. My lecture on this subject having received the high stamp of approval of the Academy of Medicine, I subjoin a brief report.

From the American Medical Monthly, December, 1856.

Lecture on Ethnology^ by Dr. Ether an^ M. R. C. S. E.

“ The Academy of Medicine met in the University on Wednesday, November 5. Seldom has there been a larger attendance of professors and the elite of the faculty. The chapel was nearly filled. It was proposed by the secretary. Dr. Foster, seconded and carried unanimously, that Dr. M’Elheran, member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, be invited to address the Academy on the ^ comparative anatomy of human crania.’

“ The lecturer said that he would have sought the high privilege of addressing them two years ago, but he had found the field of his investigations still widening, and he was anxious to come before the Academy with an essay as complete as possible. From our works on archaeology, our museums, and from dentists, hatters, &c., he had reaped a rich harvest of facts. This world’s fair of human specimens, where the sons of men stand side by side, is the greatest school for the student of ethnology. Whatever credit his work might attain, is, therefore, due to the free spirit and kindly cooperation of the members of the profession in his adopted country.

“ The lecturer maintained that ethnology has hitherto been only an empiricism, because the transcendental doctrines of development, such as they are, have been misapplied or entirely disregarded by ethnologists. He contends that Nature has repeatedly changed her mode of operation, and that she converged her forms in approaching man, who presents the most distinct evidence of antagonisms, of unity and variety, and of a versatile vital principle, the animus of which is not to be confounded with the anima^ or soul.

He believed that the true doctrine of development, which he briefly elucidated, and the radiating degeneracy of the human family from the Celtic centre, supported the dogma of original unity. But races have been stereotyped, and evidently as permanently distinct as if they had been created separately. Oppressed Celtic types have repeatedly regained their true position physically and mentally ; but no inferior Gothic or other carnivorous race ever rises above a certain level; for in them the vital principle itself seems impaired. They are stereotyped.

The lecturer demonstrated that the brain and skull of the herbivora are superior to those of the carnivora, and that, therefore, we must have a new classification of animals.

“ He divides men, according to natural history, into omnivora^ herbivora^ carnivora. These are the types, found under various forms, infantile, athletic, intellectual, in the several continents of the world. We find ethnology a chaos of contradictions, because authors have not discriminated between forms arrested in development, accidental types.^ and permanent stereotypes. The common facts of natural history, which elucidate these phenomena, have been disregarded. Transcendental anatomy explains the varieties of forms, that is, degrees of development. Man is naturally omnivorous, but he degenerates and diverges into the other stripes. This fact supplies a philosophic basis for ethnology, including phrenology and physiognomy. This oval-headed, fine-limbed, beau ideal of the Celtic nations is the central type and perfect form, contrasting with the Goths, Kalmucs, and other square-headed carnivora, and with the true Negroes, Hindoos, and other narrow-headed herbivora. The unmixed, carnivorous Anglo-Saxons have crania like the red savages, being generally broad, short, and distorted ; and such is the characteristic of the Gotho-German at this day. The average white American head is a regular long oval, like the Irish, Welsh, and Highland Scots. The aborigines of the old world were, and are, degenerate in proportion to their distance from the Celtic Mediterranean — degradation being most rapid southward into Africa and northward into Europe and Asia. Degeneracy is more gradual eastward.

The great trunk of the Celtic or central type stretches through India, where it is modified. In China it is enfeebled and stereotyped. It terminates in Central America, which was the high central realm of the new world, as Celtica was of the old. This radiating degeneracy of men is like a process of crystallization ; the centre is most perfect, the superficies amorphous. The outer rind of the tree of life is most suborganized. These observations apply to races in their aboriginal nativities. The Anglo-Saxons, for example, still retain the evidences of their descent from the outer rind of humanity in North Europe.

“ In 1850-51, he made statistics of complexion, &c., of the inhabitants of Great Britain. He was the first to analyze that conglomeration of races, and to demonstrate that the Celtic type of Shakspeare and Wellington is dominant. His published address to the British Association, and his memorable controversy with the Times, in October, 1852, had extinguished Anglo- Saxonism in Britain ; but the false theory still prevails in America. His friend and teacher. Dr. Knox, of Edinburgh, although merely theorizing, had inoculated our whole scientific and public press with Anglomania. He (Dr. M'Elheran) had spent years of travel and study, investigating this special subject. He made and compared collections of portraits of the Celtic and Saxon races, specimens of which he now exhibited. By a combination of anatomical and artistic skill he had thus been enabled to enlighten dubious history. Beginning with living facts, he had traced the Celtic type back through Italy, Greece,

Asia Minor, and Egypt, in illustration of their monuments, collections of crania, portraits, antique statuary, coins, &c., particularly in the new gigantic work, the Tresor de Numismatique. While even the latest writers, Nott, Davis, &c., still erroneously dogmatize over a few crania, he had broken up new fields of inquiry, in the reports of hatters, dentists, hair-dealers, &c., and produced aggregate millions of facts in proof of our Celtic origin.

‘‘ The history of emigration, and the peculiarity of our language, so different from the Saxon dialects of East and North England, prove that our ancestors came from the Celtic south and west of England, and the other persecuted Celtic parts of the three kingdoms, not to mention Celtic Spain, Celtic France, and Celtic Belgium.

“ The Celto- Germans, from the borders of the Rhine, probably outnumbered the Gothic immigrants from North Europe, whose type has been submerged in the general Celtic tide. The true American type is therefore not a hybrid Anglo-Saxon, but a pure-bred Celtic race, as their language, their history, their physique, and impulsive, versatile genius testify.

‘‘ This lecture, which fixed the attention of the learned assembly during two hours, was very profusely illustrated with cranial forms and portraits of the Celtic and Gothic races. By merely changing the head-dresses and style of wearing the hair, the lecturer demonstrated that the physiognomy, as well as the phrenology and lathy figure of the French and Gaelic 3 peasantry, is exactly and unquestionably the same as the typical Americans, such as Washington, Jackson, Taylor, Clay, Webster, &c. ; and that the Anglo-Saxon is like the red Indian and other carnivorous savages.

The Academy expressed their approbation of the demonstrations by prolonged rounds of applause. It was proposed by Dr. J. W. Francis, and seconded by Dr. Smith, that the thanks of this Academy be tendered to Dr. M’Elheran for his noble and lucid exposition of this intricate subject — the developments and causes of variety in mankind. Passed unanimously.

‘‘ Considering the vast future of our country and the international interests involved in the question of race, this discourse of Dr. M’Elheran may be considered an event in our history, as well as a triumph over the popular Anglo-Saxon error.”

Races are distinguished^ chiefly by natural propensities, sentiments, and faculties. Carnivorous tribes are, like the tiger, essentially, stupid, uneducable, false, cruel, treacherous, base, and bloody. The Goth is always, and in all circumstances, a selfish utilitarian, with little of the soul that distinguishes humanity from brutality ; he has little or no faculty for poetry, music, or abstract science.

The divine spark of genius radiates from the Celtic centre of the world. The talent and energy of Great Britain and America belong to the Celt, not to the flaxen-haired, small-brained, and grossly-organized Saxon or Dutchman. The genius of both Germany

THE CELTIC, GOTHIC, AND OTHER NATIONS.

and Russia belongs partly to the Celts, but chiefly to the Southern Sclaves, or Venetians^ as they were anciently called. This race is closely allied, physically and intellectually, with the Celts, and is totally different from the Goth, or true German, and the Muscovite, or true Russian.

The observations of phrenologists, though in most cases accompanied by ridiculous explanations, bear out the physiological distinctions which I make between the carnivorous and the gentle races.

Phrenology establishes these facts : That the cranium of the superior type, the Celtic, is highly arched, and oval, and large in proportion to the face and length of spine. The features, even when coarse, are expressive of intelligence and benevolence. The ears are delicately cut, and set close to the head. On the contrary, it is a fact that the skull of the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon woman is flat. Look at the head of a North German or Saxon Englishwoman, and if it be of the pure Gothic type, you will observe that the back of the head forms nearly a straight line with the neck. The skull is broad between and behind the ears. The intellectual organs are tolerably well developed, but the upper and back part — the region of the moral sentiments — is deficient.

It is the head of a woman who reasons more than she feels, who would destroy her own child if domestic economy required the sacrifice, or who would reason herself into free-loveism, and practise it.

History confirms anatomy. The Gothic tribes were most difficult to convert to the chastity, the charity, and the temperance of Christ. And they in one generation threw off fasting and celibacy, and returned to infanticide, and free love, and wife-beating, and gluttony. What is true of the Gothic race in England is true also of the same race in Germany.

Doctors Gall and Spurzheim, in their generation, had little difficulty in getting for examination dozens of heads of infanticidal women in Germany. These heads proved to be of the true Gothic type, as seen in the Saxonized English, and in the North German and Swede, These phrenologists erroneously supposed that the brutality accompanying the organization was owing to the smallness of a certain organ ; but the true explanation is, that the Saxon is the carnivorous type of skull, like the destructive animals, as the cat that will sometimes eat her own kittens. It is not the accidental enlargement or occasional development of an organ, but the type of a raee.

The moral distinctions of mankind are affected by physiological development. The male of herbivorous races retains more of the carnivorous organization, rapacious instinct, and cruelty, than the female. The latter has a more oval head, smaller cheek bones, less angular jaws, smaller clavicles, shoulders comparatively narrow, &e. This rule applies to all races of mankind.

Woman’s oecasional wickedness is mercy, in comparison with the natural cruelty of man towards his family.

Even among the purely carnivorous races, woman partakes of the herbivorous physique and character. Hence, in all the realms of the wide world, woman surpasses man in beauty, goodness, and truth. Exceptions to this rule are found chiefly among the degraded nations. The cannibal women were the foremost to murder and eat the unsuspecting Spanish adventurers. But in the higher Indian tribe, Pocahontas evinced the true female clemency, where no mercy could be expected from savage man.

In the highest nations, as well as among the humblest members of the human family, woman is superior in all those emotional attributes that feebly link our wretched nature to the angels. Even in the material instincts of order, cleanliness, &c., woman is the civilizer, whether we meet her in Asia, Africa, America, or Europe.

Morton, of Dr. Kane’s expedition, found that the huts of the Eskimo were less filthy and rude after the arrival of the women, who improved upon the bestiality of the bachelor settlement. When they were travelling, on one occasion, as they stopped at the huts on their way, the Eskimo women were ready, without invitation, to dry and chafe the worn-out guests.

Mr. Ledyard, the African traveller, says, “ To a woman I never addressed myself in the language of decency and friendship without receiving a decent and friendly answer. If I was hungry or thirsty, wet or sick, they did not hesitate, like the men, to perform a generous action. In so free and so kind a manner did 3* they contribute to my relief, that if I was dry I drank the sweetest draught, and if hungry I ate the coarsest morsel with a double relish.’’