Charles Eliot, landscape architect : a lover of nature and of his kind, who trained himself for a new profession, practised it happily and through it wrought much good

Front matter

RN * HOUGH

TON ble; Lys

So, -

CHAPTER II GENERAL EpucATION . . . | . 5-31

School work, 5, 15, 16 ; committing sett) to memory, 5;

predilections for history and natural history, 6, 7; imagi-

native sports, 7-9 ; riding, camping, and making plans, 7-11;

camping at Mt. Desert and Naushon, 9-13; journeys to

Florida and in New England, 13, 14; cross-country walks,

14; drawing lessons, 15; cruising in the Sunshine, 11, 17-24;

entering college, 17; sketching, 20; reading, 24; Camp

Champlain, 25, 26; the house at Mt. Desert, 27; mother,

16, 27; college course, 28-31.

Chapter III Professional Training — Apprenticeship . . . . 902-49

Choice of profession, 32; Bussey Institution, 33; admitted to the office of Frederick Law Olmsted, 34; inspecting works in progress, 35, 36, 39; draughting, plant orders, planting-plans, 37; Arnold Arboretum, 38, 44, 45; absorbing Mr. Olmsted’s principles, 37, 39, 40 ; instructive designs in progress — Belle Isle, Lawrenceville School, Back Bay Fens, Boston and Albany stations, City Point, Franklin Park, 40-44 ; notes of landscape, of trees, shrubs, and vines by their uses, of contracts, and prices, 43-46; walks and excursions, 45-48 ; first earnings, 48.

Chapter IV

LANDSCAPE StuDy IN Evrorz. Lonpon anp Paris . . 50-75 Objects in going to Europe, 50; journal, correspondence, vi CONTENTS sketches, lists, and notes during the year, 50; Liverpool and Chester, 51, 52; London and the neighborhood in winter, 52-67; London parks, 52-54; Kew, 53; Hampstead and Highgate, 55; Epping Forest, 56; Bedford Park and Pinner, 57; Harrow-on-the-Hill, 58; Ashstead Park, 62; Dorking and vicinity, 63-66; Reading-room of the British Museum, 56, 58-62, 67; ugly London, delightful country, 53, 59; pictures, 52, 61, 67, 69, 70; visit to Oxford, 67 ; Canterbury, 68; Paris and the neighborhood in winter, 69- 75; She of Melos, 70; Paris parks, 70-75; some curiosities of Paris, 75.

Chapter V

LANDSCAPE STUDY IN Evropr. Tue Riviera. . . . 76-118

Lyons, Fourviéres, Pare de la Téte d’Or — prospects, perspectives, plantings, 76-78; Avignon— new scenery, 79, 80; Provence, Marseilles —a glorious prospect, 80-82; Hyéres — a lovable place, 82, 83; Cannes, 84-87; Vallombrosa and Larochefoucauld compared, 85; Antibes — gardens, sea-views, and sunsets, 88, 89, 92-94; Nice, 90, 94, 95; a lovely garden, 93; Eze —a picturesque hill-village, 95; Mentone, 96-98, 99; the spring outburst, 97; Monte Carlo gardens, and Monaco, 98; the Riviera a lovely dream, 99; Bordighera, San Remo, Alassio, 100-102; a sand beach, 102; Genoa — puerile gardens, fine palaces, 102, 103; Santa Margherita and Portofino — a hill-piercing cove, 104-106; Pisa, 107; Florence — the setting of a city, 108-112 ; Venice — the perfectest spot, 113 ; Lake Como — a beautiful lakeside, 114; describing scenery, 115; by St. Gotthard and Lucerne to Paris, 116-118.

Chapter VI

The Salon, 119; Paris squares well used, 120; Mons. André’s methods of executing his designs, 121; Exhibition d’Horticulture, 122; Bois de Boulogne, 122; the gardens. of Versailles —the Petit Trianon the best part, 123; Ferrieres — a costly country-seat, 124-126; Ermenonville — the park use of waters, 126, 127; Buttes-Chaumont and the garden of the Luxembourg compared, 128 ; Mortefontaine —concealing public roads, ponds held by dams, a place of

CONTENTS vii landscape charm, 129, 130; the vicinity of Havre, 131; the difficulty of getting advice, 132.

Chapter VII

LAnDscaPE Stupy In Europe. Tue Soutu or Ene- BANDA a. \. » « « . 183-151 Parks, Parca HG ode atone Sohtham pene 133 ; the New Forest, 134; true English scenery, 134; Salisbury and Wilton, 135; famous nurseries, 136; Bicton Park, Hayes Barton, and Salterton, 188; Dawlish and Powderham — river, port, cliffs, gardens, castle, and park, 139,140; Teignmouth — another town on a spit, 140; Torquay, Kingswear, Dartmouth — lovely places recalling the Riviera and Lake Como, 141, 142; by the Dart to Totness, 143; Port Eliot, 143; Plymouth and Mt. Edgeumbe, 144, 145; Clovelly — a quaint, steep village, 146; Lynmouth — an eestatie spot, 147 ; a superb region, 148; Dunster, Wells, and Bath, 149 ; Bowood — woods, deer, Pinetum, lakeside, and terrace gardens, 150.

Chapter VIII

LANpDscAPE StuDyY IN EUROPE. LONDON AND THE NORTH | 05 HOH). cory airs : ath APF se LBZELGS Parks, nurseries, and ra in net near niahon in July, 152-154 ; Cambridge, 154; Matlock Bath — the Pavilion Gardens, 156; Chatsworth and Haddon Hall, 157; the Pavilion Gardens of Buxton, 158 ; the parks of Manchester and Preston, 158; the Lake country —scenery of its sort the perfectest imaginable, 159-161 ; to Edinburgh by Carlisle and Glasgow, 162, 163.

CHAPTER IX Lanpscare Srupy 1N Evrorr. aah DENMARK, SWEDEN, AND RussIA . . » « « « 164-186

The water parks of Hanbury, 164-166 ; Kiel, 166; Copenhagen, 167-172; the Frederiksberg-Have, 168; the Castle of Elsinore, 170; Skodsborg and the royal forest, 170; Charlottenlund, 171; into Sweden and to Stockholm, 172; a water-girt and water-cut city, 173-177 ; scenery and flora like that of the Maine coast, 174-176; Upsala, 177; the viii CONTENTS approach to Finland, 178; Helsingfors — gardens, wooden houses, and fences, 179; the ride to St. Petersburg, 180; a huge, long-distance city, 180-185 ; the Botanical Gardens, 180; Peterhof, 181; the park of Yelagin Island, mixed water, greensward, and wood, 182; the Imperial Park, Pavylofsk —a charming piece of scenery, 184; the emptiness of St. Petersburg’s streets, 185.

Chapter X

LANDSCAPE StuDY IN Europr. GERMANY, HOLLAND, AND HoMEWARD . vite blo a to 28 F203 The dull ride to Berlin, 187 ; dai Beilin Botanical Garden, and the city squares, 188; seeing the government park and forest work about Berlin under the guidance of Dr. Carl Bolle, 188; Muskau —the most remarkable and lovable park on the Continent, 190, 191 ; Dresden — the gallery, the Elbe, Pillnitz and its arboretum, 192; Leipsic parks, 193 ; Weimar and its park, 194; Eisenach —framings and foregrounds for the Wartburg, 194; Wartburg, 195; Wilhelmsthal, a simple, quiet place, 196; Wilhelmshthe, huge of its kind, but a bad kind, 196; Arnhem — a road of villas, 197 ; an open villa-garden, 198; the park of Sonsbeck, 198; the Hague and the beach of Scheveningen, 199; real Dutch landscape, 200 ; Repton’s cottage, 201; the Pavonia ashore, 201-203.

Chapter XI

STARTING IN PRACTICE. First Writing . . . . . 204-223 Methods of practice, 204-206; first planting design, 207 ; the suburbs in March, 208 ; the Longfellow Memorial, 210- 214; engagement, 214; laying out the Norton estate in Cambridge, 214; Anglomania in park making, 215-218; the beginnings of landscape art —a short list of books and papers, 219-223.

Chapter XII

THREE CONGENIAL UNDERTAKINGS. Two PAaRKs AND A Cuurcn Sitm 2°)... ETE AO ERO The Common at Newhimport 294 ; the village ara at Weston, 225-227 ; the White Park at Concord, N. H., 227- 233; a typical New England scene, 228, 231; fit aud distinctive beauty, 233.

CONTENTS ix

Chapter XIII

Two Scenery PRopLEMS — Marriage. . . . . . 234-239 An avenue entrance, 234; a new approach-road on a large estate, 235, 236; cutting down precious trees, 235; marriage, 238.

CHAPTER XIV Six Otp AMERICAN COUNTRY-SEATS . . . . . . « 240-260

The Gore Place, Waltham, Mass., a lesson in simplicity

and harmony, 240-243 ; the Lyman Place, Waltham, Mass.

— helping and not forcing Nature, 243-246 ; the Cushing-

Payson Place, Belmont, Mass., a comprehensive design ;

Clermont on the Hudson, a manor-house with great Locusts

on the river bluff, 250-253 ; Montgomery Place, second to

no seat in America for its combination of attractions, 253-

256 ; Hyde Park — broad, stately scenery — nothing which

does not contribute to the effect of the whole, 256-260.

Chapter XV

THE FUNCTION OF THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT . . . 261-274 For what object to employ the landscape architect, 261 ; the problems of landscape architecture, 262 ; horticulture and design in the surroundings of houses, 263-265; the house scene, 266 ; the house and its surroundings one composition, 267; the suburban house scene, 268 ; the inappropriate house setting, 269 ; planting about a suburban house, 270; the country-seat, 271; the definitions of architecture and landscape architecture, 272-274.

Chapter XVI

SELECTED LETTERS TO PRIVATE Owners, TRUSTEES, OR CORPORATIONS UST ni Tatirseory swage. 68) 2000 412756803 A planting-plan for house grounds, 275-280; an improvement of station grounds, 280; laying out a new estate at Irvington on Hudson, 281-284; a new country-seat near Boston, 285; a town site on Salt Lake, Utah, 286-291; the Harvard Yard, 291, 292; perfecting an old cemetery, 293- 296; selecting a site for a college or academy, 296, 297 ; a suburban garden, 298; the park at Youngstown, Ohio, 298- 301; a seaside village, 301-303.

op CONTENTS

Chapter XVII

ADEQUATE OPEN SPACES FOR URBAN POPULATIONS, AND PuBiic OWNERSHIP OF CoAsT SCENERY . . . . . 804-315 Parks and squares of United States cities, 304-308; the coast of Maine — its scenery, trees, history, and summer colonies, 308-314 ; the danger of the present situation, 314;

defenses against the danger, 315.

CHAPTER XVIII Tue TRUSTEES OF PusLic RESERVATIONS. . . . . 816-350

The Waverley Oaks — a plan for their preservation for the people, 316-318 ; a metropolitan open spaces commission suggested, 317 ; the suggestion of scenery trustees, 319; interesting the Appalachian Mountain Club, 319-321; giving effect to an existing public sentiment, 321-325; an outline of the scheme, 326; the first public meeting, 328-330; the committee to promote the establishment of a board of trustees, 330; circulars issued by this committee, 330-332 ; framing a bill, 333, 334; the act passed, 335; the need of parks, 336-343 ; the first gift to the trustees, 344; the first work of the trustees, 8345; the Province Lands, 346-348 ; a similar association in England, 349.

Chapter XIX

THE CREATION OF THE PRELIMINARY METROPOLITAN PARK Commission oF 1892-938 . .. . » . . . 851-857 A meeting called by the Trustees of Public Rear ete 351; a committee appointed to prepare a memorial to the -legislature, 352; the trustees present a petition, 353; numerous supporting petitions for an inquiry, 353; a public hearing, 353-355; the appointment of the Commission to inquire, 355; the argument presented in 1890, 356; legitimate efforts to procure beneficent legislation, 357.

Chapter XX

Writines In 1891 and 1892. . . ~ Ture feweoeeore A German country park, 358-363 ; taandeat pk audarina in its relations to architecture, 363-367 ; arboriculture in its

CONTENTS xi relations to landscape, 367-372; the formal garden in England, 372-374; beautiful villages, 375-378; fine scenery should be preserved as a matter of business, 379.

Chapter XXI

THE Work OF THE METROPOLITAN PARK COMMISSION OF ote. toe Mey aout GI To Yediler is Boy ds odaal COU GELD Appointed landscape architect to the Commission, 380 ; the main lines of action, 381; photographs, 381, 382; the prophetic map, 382; composition, powers, and resources of a permanent commission, 383 ; “ picturing” the open spaces still obtainable near Boston, 383; the report to the Commission of 1892, 384-412 ; the creation of the permanent Commission, 412; the landscape architect’s bill, 413; notes on the map, and key to the figures on the map, 413-415.

Chapter XXII

Faminty Lire — JoIninG THE OtmsTED Firm... . 416419 The home at Brush Hill, 416, 417 ; joining the Olmsted firm, 418; the home in Brookline, 418, 419.

Chapter XXIII

GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN SELECTING PuBLic RESERVATIONS AND DETERMINING THEIR BOUNDARIES . .. . . 420-451 Preliminary study of metropolitan park boundaries, 420 ; studies for two other commissions, 421; a large pond as park, 422; parks for Cambridge, 423-428 ; reservations in a seashore town (Winthrop), 429, 430; reservations for a bay-shore city, 430-435; a sea-beach as reservation, 435, 436 ; a forest and pond reservation, 437-439 ; a forest reservation, 439-441 ; parks, parkways, and pleasure grounds — purposes, government, sites and boundaries, general plans or designs, and construction, 441-451.

Chapter XXIV

LETTERS OF 1894 on METROPOLITAN PARK Work . . 452-473 Precautions against forest fires, 453; provisional paths in the forests, maps, and bounds, 454; halving Stony Brook xii CONTENTS reservation, 455; the first parkway legislation, 456; approaches to Middlesex Fells, 457-459, 461; the Blue Hills parkway, 459, 460; parkways must be metropolitan work, 462-464 ; improving reservation boundaries, 464-467 ; the Mystic Valley parkway, 467 ; continuous border roads, 468 ; abandonments of land once taken, 469; parkway studies, 470; public ownership of watercourses, 471 ; history of the lands taken, 472; geology of the reservations, 473.

CHAPTER XXV Letters OF 1894 coNCERNING PARKS NOT METROPOLI

TAN . 1. Se ATA EASE The eisatnent of teed commons, ATA-AT 6; Geers

a design for Fresh Pond Park, Cambridge, 476-478 ; field house on Cambridge Field, 478 ; roads and paths ue be placed on the best lines, 479; Morton Park at Newport, 480-482; what four acres can furnish, 482-484 ; the Copps Hill terrace, and North End beach, 484-486.

Chapter XXVI

First SEVENTEEN Montus oF THE ExecuTIvE METROpOLI- TAN PARK COMMISSION . . «0; Ue) PAST ee Landseape architects’ report as 1893, 488-491 ; landscape architects’ report for 1894, 492-512 ; determination of boundaries, 492-494 ; exploration of the lands acquired, 494-498 ; work to be done in the reservations, 498-504; proposed reservations, 504-508 ; metropolitan parkways, 508-512.

CHAPTER XXVII Letrers OF 1895 on Parks METROPOLITAN AND OTHER 513-527

Names, signs, and permanent marks in the metropolitan — reservations, 513, 514; pleasuring in the Fells, 515; parks for Waltham — Prospect Hill and Charles River, 516-518 ; pleasure grounds for Chelsea, 519; the Snake Creek parkway, 519; Cambridge Field — the uses of a field house, 520-522; paths in a small city square, 522; Buttonwood Park at New Bedford — pond, house, playgrounds, cireuit drive, meadows, and sheep, 523-526; a suburb round a common, 527.

CONTENTS xiii

Chapter XXVIII

REPORTS OF THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS FOR 1895 TO THE METROPOLITAN AND Boston Park Commissions . 528-545 Altering the boundaries of the forest reservations — good changes and bad, 528-530 ; general designs for exhibiting and improving the scenery of these reservations should await the completion of the topographical maps, 530, 532 ; costly roads on wrong lines are unadvisable, 531; Beaver Brook Reservation, 532; Mystic Valley parkway, 533; Charles River Reservation —the dam, 534, 535; Revere Beach, 535, 536; metropolitan parkways, 537-541; extent of the metropolitan public open spaces, 541; hoardings — the advertising plague, 542; humanized landscape, 543; a public park cannot closely resemble either a farm or a country-seat, 544.

Chapter XXIX

WHAT WOULD BE FAIR MUST FIRST BE Fir. . . . . 546-556 Art out of doors, 546; man transforms natural scenery, 547; the Italian villa one composition, 548; the differing gospels of out-of-door beauty, 549-551; beauty founded on rationality, 551-553; man improves primitive landscape,

554-556.

Chapter XXX

The most important park problem in the metropolitan district, 557 ; first report of the Charles River Improvement Commission of 1891-93—the natural features, history, and present (1892) condition of the river, and its best uses, 559-569; far-seeing recommendations of this Commission, 569; second report of the Commission of 1891-93, 570; the Joint Board of 1893 on the improvement of Charles River, 571; landseape report to the Joint Board, 571-582; the river as drain, 572; the river as open space, 574; its banks to become a residence quarter, 575; the lower river should be converted by a dam into a pond, 576; the fresh-water section, 578; the marsh section, 578-580 ; river drives and a speedway, 579; the basin section, 580-582 ; the argument xiv CONTENTS for a dam, 582-584 ; the project for a dam arrested, 584; what the damming of Charles River would accomplish — the lesson of Muddy River, 584-589; sea-walls along the river undesirable, 590 ; the choking of the river mouth — a new North Station, 591, 592.

Chapter XXXI

Poticy AND METHODS oF THE METROPOLITAN PARK Com- MISSION, 1596 00 oo uh ois « oy eine hte Doo ee Distribution of the gohan een ary 594: additional reservations, 595; the parkway problem, 596-599 ; general plan of the metropolitan reservations — marshes, rivers, hills, woods, brooks, beaches, ocean, bay shores, two special parkways, no general scheme of parkways, 599-607 ; a great work accomplished, 608; the financial machinery, 609 ; the composition of the Commission, 609; its professional experts, 610 ; its construction department, 611; payments, 611; the codperation of many communities in an undertaking requiring foresight, discrimination, and skill, 612.

Chapter XXXII

SELECTED LETTERS OF 1896. . . . eet ie EG Toaoe A busy summer, 614 ; chances which Beaton has lost, 615; dangerous abandonments of metropolitan lands once taken, 615, 616; the edges of Charles River Basin, 617; the proposed Charlesmouth bridge, 618 ; the duties of park keepers, 619-621; a memorial to Elizur Wright, 621; looking into or over a park, and looking out of it— bordering screens, rights of abutters, many entrances undesirable, 622-625 ; special bicycle paths unfit for parks, 625-627 ; the best use of a city playground, 628; landscape art a part of architec-

Chapter XXXIII

Maxine Goop User or THE SKILL AND EXPERIENCE OF A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT. . . Sr ae welt et tee eRe) Advice concerning the house cite on a large estate, 632- 635; on improving the grounds of an institution, 635-639 ; concerning the house site on a sea-side estate, 639; on the

CONTENTS +e arrangement of the buildings of a college, 640-642; on the comparative value of two tracts of land for a town park,

642-645.

Chapter XXXIV

Early work in the reservations Céiiinmer of 1894), 647- 649; maps should precede road-building, 649; general designs should precede woodland work, 650-652; guiding plans needed at once (1896), 653, 654; general plans are simply programmes of work, 655-657 ; the inevitable results of “letting Nature alone” are monotony, obliteration of existing scenery, and additional ultimate expense, 657, 658 ; the wastefulness of planless work, 659; road-plans should be made so as to develop scenery resources, 660 ; well-reasoned planning a necessity, 661-664; plantations in parks —the uses of the axe, 664, 665; widening a makeshift road, 667.

CHAPTER XXXV Revere Bracw. 1896 ... . ele es GOO-O19

Primary questions about Revere Hoatth 668-67 0; avid!

ing bulkheads and sea-walls — the promenade, 671; pleasure

drive, and traffic way, 672; pavilions, terraces, and bath-

houses, 673-675 ; alternative schemes, 675 ; the bath-houses

placed on the landward side of the reservation, 677; the

matured opinion of the experts, 677, 678; a unique public

provision, 679.

Chapter XXXVI

REPORT TO THE METROPOLITAN PARK COMMISSION FOR PUES WAS ctl (1s » . + « ~ 680-689 chee maps ad nieeriae] list completed. for the forest reservations, 680, 681; mapping of the woods and ground-cover nearly completed, 681; piecemeal, hap-hazard work uneconomical, 681, 682; pleasing scenery a human product, 682; Charles River Reservation, 683-686; Revere Beach Reservation, 686-688 ; making the very best of the beach, 687 ; river-side and seashore strips particularly desirable as reservations, 688; metropolitan parkways, 689.

xvi CONTENTS

Chapter XXXVII

SELECTED LETTERS OF JANUARY, FEBRUARY, AND MARcH, ASOT iCaee Wee yea Un Dien, test eee ata S GO0—f0s The true distinction between construction and maintenance in park work, 690-692 ; true park planting is neither gardening nor forestry, 693; the best places about Boston for speedways, 694; the Charles River Basin again, 695; a Revere Beach parkway, 696, 697; the Olmsted firm makes formal designs as well as picturesque, 699; planting the Boston Harbor islands, 699-701; the Botanic Garden in Bronx Park, 701, 702; the Outdoor Art Association, 703 ; report for 1896 to the Boston Park Commission, 704-708.

Chapter Xxxviii

LANDSCAPE FORESTRY IN THE METROPOLITAN RESERVA- TIONS <9 100 hh aa. RMR ONS of eben pee a) The treatment of the reforested pastures, 710; of the sprout-lands, 711, 712; foremen of woodcraft suggested, 713 ; the forest survey, 714; vegetation and scenery in the reservations, 715-732; the object of the investigation, 715- 717; the methods pursued, 717; the principal types of the vegetation —the summit, 718-720, the swamp, 720, 721, the coppice, 721-726, the field and pasture, 726, 727, the bushy pasture, 727-729, the seedling forest, 729-731; conclusions, 731, 732; the kind of work in the living woods which ought to be begun at once, 733; a method of work proposed, 734; beginning forest work in the Blue Hills, 735; rescue work in the Fells, 736.

Chapter XXXIX

METROPOLITAN PARKS AND PaARKWAys IN 1902 . . . 737-741 The design of 1892 and its execution up to December, 1901 — rock-hills, 737, ponds and streams, 738, bay and sea, 739; expenditures of the Commission, 740; designs awaiting execution, 741.

CONTENTS xvii

CHAPTER XL hae bAST DAYS... - ~ « « « 742-748 The Hartford parks, 7A2-T44; feat 74d: bodily, mental, and moral qualities, 744-747; the fruition, 747; creed and character, 748.

Appendix

I Circular as to professional methods and charges . . . 751, 752

II

Circular letter asking for names of persons who ought to be invited to a meeting to promote the preservation of fine scenery or historical sites in Massachusetts . . . . . . 752

III Committee action preliminary to the creation of the Trustees Pie Lublia hoservations «i... bec ely ek) «diel so ey) ah peg, fO0—L00 IV

Draught of a General Order respecting the government of the Metropolitan Reservations, and of Rules for the Conduct of pester eG Bats iris cites aid antes ofl el 9 «(4 LOO—LOO

Vv

Articles of Agreement between the Trustees of the Keney Estate, Hartford, and Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot . . . 759

THDEX) 5 Het ene ae OL Oe Key to the letters or ees on He map ‘of: December, 1901, in the right-hand pocket of the cover. . . . . . . 768-770

FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Cuarues Exot (#1. 33). Photogravure . . . Frontispiece Map or Existing AND PROPOSED PuBLIC OPEN SPACES IN THE MetropouitaN District, December, 1892 In front Cover Tue Camp on Carr Istanp. (Looking southwesterly at MixDesert. “Krom a drawing by C..H.). 0 40 fs, (oe 8 ELLEN Preasopy Exior (at. 31). Photogravure . . 12 PROFILE OF THE Mt. Desert HILLS FROM GREAT vata IspAND. (Sketch by C. E., zt. 16, compared with a photograph of the Hills from the same spot) . . . pi 20 Camp CHAMPLAIN, 1880 anp 1881. (From a drawing

made after a photograph taken in 1880) .. . 26 SmaLtt Front YARDS FoR Houses In Buocks. (C. E) . 4 Typres oF YARDS, ALONG THE Highway, Brixton Hint. 56 Eneuish Compact Puace, Keswick. (A tracing from

Kemp by ©. EB.) . 2. SCE apt. oreotdem, fedhe edly. 60 Two SKETCHES OF omen (OES) MaRS Area 8s Porrorino FROM THE Opposite Heicuts. (C. EE.) . .* 104 FRENCH TREES AND AVENUES. (C.E.) . ... . . 124 PARTERRE AND FLOWER-BED AT THE PARK OF DALKEITH.

Pe) RMR GO LORTE § : : 163 FACSIMILE OF THE LAST Bank OF A Nasceer FROM C. E.

To HIS MotHEerR FROM LONDON, October 15,1886. . . 201

Mr. JoHN PARKINSON’s EsTATE AT BouRNE, MAssAcHu-

SETTS, 1887. (From a photograph of the bare field with

some of the first plantings). . . A rstirist wae 4206 Mr. Parxrnson’s Estate AT ee 1901. (This view

is taken from about the same direction as the preceding one) 206 Mr. Parxkrnson’s Estate at Bourne, 1901. (View from

the doorstep. All the near plantations are artificial) . . 207 DESIGN FOR THE DIvIsION oF THE NorTON EstTATE, CAM-

BRIDGE, MassAcuvuserts, 1887-88. (The portion of the

map divided into house-lots represents the Estate) . . . 214 THe Otp Common at NEWBURYPORT, MASSACHUSETTS.

(Preliminary sketch showing the proposed improvement) . 224 xx FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS

THE Common At Newzsuryport. (Now Washington Park)

Tur SURROUNDINGS OF THE CHURCH AT WeEsTON, MAssa- CHUSETTS Aira os

THE CHURCH AT Warren Nine reer r

Waite Park, Concorp, New HAMPSHIRE. (ent fa)

Mr. Rowitanp Hazarp’s Estate At PEACE DALE, RHODE IsLAND. (Plan showing a change of the avenue and an enlargement of the South Field) ieee

Ture Lyman Puace, WALTHAM, tae heer (Sketch plan by C. E. for “ Garden and Forest’’) . :

CLERMONT ON THE Hupson (from “ Garden and Forest”) .

MontTGOMERY PLACE ON THE Hupson (from “ Garden and Forest”) . ,

Hypr Park ON THE Ee ‘(Gone ‘ Canin ahd Rovese )

PLANTING-PLAN FOR Mr. Tuomas M. Stetson. (New Bedford, Massachusetts, 1889) : 3

Mr. Thomas M. Sretson’s Estate At N EW Bane MaAssaAcHusETts. (View of the avenue (1901) approaching the Porte Cochére)

Mr. Sretson’s Estate AT NEw Resort Masai water (Avenue entrance in stone) . ‘ :

Mr. Stretson’s Estate at NEw Bama iMate Rat of the walled entrance from the highway) . Tt ail ie

Mr. Stretson’s Estate At New Beprorp. (A view of the platitations near the house, 1889-1901) . & Gah

Puan oF Dr. CARRott DuNnHAm’s HovusE AND APPROACH Roap At IrRvineron-on-Hupson

Dr. CARROLL DuNHAM’s ESTATE AT Tee ee nes son. (The avenue seen from the highway, 1901)

Dr. DunHAm’s Estate AT IRvinGToN-on-Hupson. (The bare house and stable in 1890) : Tie

Dr. DuNHAM’s EsTATE AT ee eS view

. of the house and stable from nearly the same point in 1901)

Dr. DunnaAm’s Estate at IRvineTon-on-Hupson. (View from the lawn over the invisible highway in 1901)

Mr. Henry 8S. HUNNEWELL’S GARDEN PLAN, WELLESLEY .

THE YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, GORGE — THE DRIVE ALONG THE SMALLER LAKE So rpe7s Che 0 1, eee

VireintA Woop, HeMLock Rivers (From the Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations for 1894)

THe Province LANDS — THE EDGE OF THE NAKED SANDs. (From the Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations for 1892) . . . BAR ia OE

FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS

THe Province Lanps—aA Sanp Drirt FILLING A LILY Ponp. (From the Annual Report of the Trustees of Public Reservations for 1892) ve AS,

Park AT Muskavu, Lower LavsiTz, Ciera (From “ Garden and Forest,” January 28, 1891) .

THE OPEN SPACES oF Paris, LoNDON, AND Boston (1892), DRAWN TO THE SAME SCALE. (From C. E.’s Report to the Preliminary Metropolitan Park Commission of 1892-93)

CuHARLES Extot (#1. 35). Photogravure wee

THE Hemuock GorGE AT Newton UPrer FALtLs, eblitnds River. (From the Report of the Metropolitan Park Commission for 1896) £2 BOS R why GEOR

CHARLES RIVER RESERVATION. (The Longfellow marshes flooded by the tide. From the Landscape Architects’ Report to the Metropolitan Park Commission for 1895)

CHARLES RIvER ReEsERVATION. (The Longfellow marshes with the water at Grade 8. From the Landscape Architects’ Report to the Metropolitan Park Commission for 1895) .

CHARLES RIVER Bien VaetOw: ( The ks: at Tsien BAK: the tide having partly ebbed. From the Landscape Arehitects’ Report to the Metropolitan Park Commission for 1895) .

CHARLES RIVER HE iiow! (‘The River at siete Brook, with the water at Grade 8. From the Landscape Architects’ Report to the Metropolitan Park Commission for 1895) . all Mada Ranta Sea wa dn Stak

THe CHARLES RiveR BasIN—THE Back oF BEACON STREET, AT Low Tipr. (From the Report for 1894 of the Park Department of Cambridge) Pe Me

THE Uprer Auster Bastin AT HAmBure. (From the Report for 1894 of the Park Department of Cambridge) .

A New Nortu Station Nortu oF CHARLES RIVER. (Reduced from a map made in January, 1894, by Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, for the Joint Board on the Improvement of Charles River) AEE) GPM ee Ee WEES

REVERE Bracu 1N 1892. (Shabby structures intruding on the beach. From the Report of the Preliminary Metropolitan Park Commission in 1893) :

REVERE Braco RESERVATION IN 1898. (The Sidewalle anie: way, and promenade on the crown of the beach. From the Report of the Metropolitan Park Commission for 1898)

Xxl xxii FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS

REVERE BEACH RESERVATION. (Terrace and shelters in front of the bath-house; throng on the dry sand; bathers ; raft in deep water. From the Report of the Metropolitan Park Commission for 1898) “i Wath ee

REVERE Breacu RESERVATION. (One mile and a quarter of the Reservation, showing the beach, the approaches, the driveway and promenade, the bath-house with its subways, and the terraces. Reduced from the Engineer’s plan of December, 1897, for the Metropolitan Park Commission) .

THE LocaTION OF CHARLESMOUTH BRIDGE, AND A DESIGN FOR THE HEAD OF CHARLES RIvER Basin. (From the Landscape Architects’ Report for 1896 to the Metropolitan Paxk Commiasinn). ics, (1,03 \-.) deve tainted Hts ses le eee

Stump OF A CHESTNUT-TREE, SHOWING THE VIGOR OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF SPROUTS. (From the Landscape Architects’ Report to the Metropolitan Park Commission, February 15, 1897, on Vegetation and paises in the Reservations) . Let take ees aS hes

An Otp StuMP, SHOWING FEEBLE SE epTerENE AFTER RE- PEATED CHOPPING. (From the same Report) :

A Broap VALLEY OF THE SOUTHEASTERN FELLS, WHOSE TREES, ABOUT TO HIDE THE BiuE Hitt RANGE, HAVE ALREADY HIDDEN THE VALLEY OF THE MysTIC. es. the same Report) . Ee lcerye nee :

BROAD-SPREADING TREES DEVELOPED IN Ayky Te AND NOT YET SURROUNDED BY OTHER TREES OR SPROUT-— GROWTHS BECAUSE PASTURING HAS BEEN CONTINUOUS. (From the same Report) . cr pit 5 gern ak aes

Tree-cLoacep NorcH NEAR THE a con EscARP- MENT OF THE FELLS, WHICH MIGHT COMMAND THE MAL- DEN-MELROSE VALLEY AND THE SAUGUS HILLS. (From the same Report) . ; evoke sett iste hey PRS gay

THE OpreN SPACES OF ese IN 1892 anv 1902 com- PARE Dotie b eG ORE alr ieee

Mar OF THE ae ‘hs SPACES OF THE Mecrparmires District, December, 1901. (From the Metropolitan Park

Commission’s Report for 1901). . . . . . .In back Cover

ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

DIAGRAM OF Camp oN CaF IstANpD, (C. E.) 9 Mouscie SHoat Liaut, AnD DutcH Istanp Liaut, Nar~

RAGANSETT Bay. (C. E.). ; ES, WHALEBACK LIGHT, OFF a eg Nee es '

(ER OO SRE rae F9 A PIER AT Newport. (6. E.) : + Bae 20 PRUDENCE IsuaAnpD LicgHT, NARRAGANSETT eae (C.E.) 31 Brock HovusE at Epercoms, Maine. (C. E.) ol An Unusvat DrsigN ror AN AVENUE. (C. E.) 49 Spacious Driveways To A Larce Hovusr anp Four

SCREENED OvutT-BuILDINGS. (A tracing from an unknown

French source. C. E.) . PRON ok. eitirat cs 60 SHort DrivEwAys— Frenou. (Tracings by C. E.) 75 YACHT IN THE Port or Cannes.. (C..E.) ety 87 Two RivizeRA ARRANGEMENTS FOR A DRIVE AND Sent

WALL ALONG A Bracu. (C. E.) 102 Portorino. (Sketch map. C. E.) auieody a <cen 105 STEEP INCLINED PATH BELOW THE “ DAvID,”’ FLORENCE.

(C. E.) pradahestritpasts aaah. AW 109 VIALE DEI COLLI, Leis (Sketch plan. C.E.) . . 111 Rartway Passace or St. GotrHarp. (Sketch plans of

curved Tunnels. C.E.). . . . In wwrell6<b17 Epcrs or THICKET PLANTINGS, eee Montana PARIS.

(Diagram. C. E.) 121 TREE GUARDS, FRENCH. C. BE) . 122 THE VERSAILLES PERSPECTIVE. Giiasintn! C. EB.) 124. ERMENONVILLE. (C. E.) . # 132 Hayes BARTON, BIRTHPLACE OF oe WourEn Renae