life of oliver cromwell

Front matter

EDWOOD LIBRARY.

A Memorial

OF

Book I. Page

Organisation of the Republican Government—Formation of the Council of State—Resistance of the Country—Trial and Condemnation of Five Royalist Leaders: Lords Hamilton, Holland, Capell, and Norwich, and Sir John Owen—Execution of Hamilton, Holland, and Capell—Publication of the “Hikon Basiliké”—Royalist and Republican Polemics: Milton and Salmasius—Outbreak and Insurrection of the Levellers—Jobn Lilburne—Defeat of the Levellers— Trial and Acquittal of Lilburne—Tyranny of the Parliament— Increasing Greatness of Cromwell . . : . “ : . i

Book II

State of Parties in Scotland and Ireland—Charles LI. is Proclaimed King—Scottish Commissioners at the Hague—War in Ireland— Cromwell assumes the Command—His Cruelty and Successes— Montrose’s Expedition in Scotland—His Defeut, Arrest, Condemnation, and Execution—Charles II. Lands in Scotland—Cromwell returns from Ireland, and takes the Command of the War in Scotland —His dangerous Position—Battle of Dunbar—Charles II. enters England—Cromwell follows him—Battle of Worcester—Flight and Adventures of Charles I1.—He returns to France—Cromwell returns to Tondon—'Triumphant success of the Commonwealth . - Bil

Book III

Impression produced on the Continent by the Trial and Execution ot Charles I:—Assassination of Dorislaus at the Hague, and of Ascham at Madrid—Attitude of the Continental States towards the Commonwealth of England—Development and Successes of the English Navy —Foreign Policy of the Republican Parliament—Rivalry between vi CONTENTS.

PAGE France and Spain in their Relations with England—Recognition of the Commonwealth by Spain—Relations between England and the United Provinces—English Ambassadors at the Hague—Dutch Ambassadors in London—Their want of Success—Negotiations of Mazarin in London—Louis XIV. recognises the English Commonwealth—W ar between England and the United Provinces—Successes of Blake—Effects of the War in England . . 5 : . - 118

Book IV

Conflict between Cromwell and the Parliament—Attempts to obtain a Reduction of the Army—Proposition of a General Amnesty and a New Electoral Law—Projects of Civil and Religious Reform—Conversation between Cromwell and the Principal Leaders of the Parliament and Army—Petition of the Army in favour of Reform, and for the Dissolution of the Parliament—Charges of Corruption against the Parliament—lIt attempts to perpetuate its Existence by sanctioning New Elections—Urgency of the Crisis—Cromwell dissolves the Parliament ° . . . ° ° . . - 180

Book V

Public indifference to the Expulsion of the Long Parliament—Cromwell’s Manifesto to justify his Conduct—He assumes Possession of the Government—-Convocation of the Barebone Parliament—Cromwell’s Opening Speech—Character and acts of the Barebone Parliament—Prevalence of the mystical Revolutionary Spirit among its Members—Iits Inefficiency and Resignation—Cromwell is proclaimed Protector—P lots of the Republicans and Cavaliers—Lilburne, Gerard, and Vowell—Government of Cromwell; his Court; his Reforms— Scotland and Ireland are incorporated with England—Foreign Policy of Cromwell—Peace with Holland—Whitelocke’s Embassy to Sweden —Cromwell’s Treaties with Sweden, Denmark, and Portugal—Cromwell’s Relations with Spain and France—Election of a New Parliament—Cromwell’s Opening Speech— Hostility of the Parliament— Cromwell's Second Speech, and Secession of a number of Members— Renewal of Hostilities by the Parliament—Cromwell’s Third Speech —Dissolution of the Parliament 6 0 ° 6 i « 214

Book. VI

Government of Cromwell without a Parliament—Royalist and Republican Conspiracies—Different attitude of Cromwell towards the two Parties —Insurrections in the West and North of England—Attempts at Legal Resistance—Appointments of Major-Generals—Taxation of

CONTENTS. vil

PAGE the Royalists—Cromwell’s Religious Toleration—His Conduct towards the Jews, towards the Universities, and towards Literary Men— Government of Monk in Scotland, and of Henry Cromwell in Ireland — Cromwell's Conversations with Ludlow . ° ° . e e 285

Book VII

Cromwell’s Preparations for War against Spain—His projected Campaign in both Hemispheres—Blake’s Expedition in the Mediterranean,— Before Leghorn, Tunis, Tripoli, and Algiers,—and off the Coast of Spain—Departure from Portsmouth of the Fleet under Penn and Venables—Secret of their Destination—Don Luis de Haro, Condé, and Mazarin push their Negotiations with Cromwell—Persecution of the Vaudois in Piedmont—Intervention of Cromwell on their behalf —Penn and Venables attack St. Domingo, unsuccessfully—Capture of Jamaica—Rupture between Cromwell and Spain—Treaty between Cromwell and France—The Court of Madrid promises Assistance to Charles II.—Cromwell sends Lockhart as his Ambassador to Paris— Cromwell’s Greatness and Importance in Europe—He convokes another Parliament . ° ° ° ° ° ° . e 4 G2

Book VIII

Prognostics of a New Parliament—Vane’s Pamphlet—The Elections— Cromwell’s Speech at the Opening of the Session—Exclusion of nearly a Hundred Members—Success of the English Fleet off Cadiz —Thorough Adherence of the Parliament to Cromwell—Propositions and Intrigues to make Cromwell King—The Humble Petition and Advice—Failure of the Attempt— New Constitution of the Protectorate —Close of the Session—Manwuvres of Cromwell—Death of Blake— Second Session of the Parliament in Two Houses—Quarrel between the Two Houses—Cromwell Dissolves the Parliament—Agitation of Parties—Royalist and Republican Plots—Cromwell’s active Alliance with France—His Successes on the Continent—Capture of Mardyke and Dunkirk—Embassy of Lord Faulconbridge to Paris, and of the Duke de Créqui to London—Cromwell contemplates the Convocation of a New Parliament—Decline of his Health—His Family—His Mother, Wife, and Children—Death of his Daughter, Lady Claypole— Ilmess of Cromwell—State of his Mind—His Death—Conclusion , 8958 ars e cad wl) “iy hy ave’ wid, hitets F on Li a

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HISTORY

OF

OLIVER CROMWELL

AND

THE ENGLISH COMMONWEALTH.