British India in its relation to the decline of Hindooism, and the progress of Christianity:

Front matter

i

i f r. ‘

-4'

II. Shortly will be published, in one handsome volume

1\ TEMOIRS of the Rev. WIL- LIAM MILNE, D.D., of China; with Biographical Annals of Asiatic Missions, from Primitive to Protestant Times. By Robert Philip, Author of the “ Life and Times of Bunyan,” it c. &c.

N.B. The materials of Dr. Milne’s Life have been supplied by his family and friends.

Preparing for immediate Publication,

OUTLINES for THE PULPIT.

VA By the Rev. Adam Thomson, D.D.

VI. Preparing for immediate Publication

PENTECOSTAL CHRISTI- ANITY. By the Rev. T. W. Jen- KYN, Author of “ The Extent of the Atonement,” &c. ; and on “ The Union of the Holy Spirit and the Church in the Conversion of the world.”

VII

Shortly will be published, as a Companion to the “ Missionary Enterprises” of the Rev. John Williams,

A NARRATIVE of the ENTER- LX PRISE of the SHIP DUFF to the SOUTH SEA ISLANDS ; with an Account of their Discovery, and of the labours of the first Missionaries there ; as also of her second voyage and capture by Le Grand Buonaparte, with interesting extracts from the Journals of the captured IMissionaries, illustrative of their extreme privations and sufferings as Prisoners of War. With Biographical Sketches of Captain Wilson, Dr. Haweis, and other individuals connected with this important undertaking ; together with a History of the rise and progress of the Missionary spirit in England, which led to the formation of the various Missionaries Societies. By the Rev. John Campbell.

VIII. Fourteenth Thousand

Dedicated by Special Permission to his late Majesty.

Just published, in one thick vol. post 8vo. whole bound in cloth, and lettered, price 8s.

A NARRATIVE of MISSION-

ix ary ENTERPRISES in the SOUTH

IBooks Published by John Snow, 35, Paternoster Row.

SEA ISLANDS ; with Remarks upon the Natural History of the Islands, Origin, Languages, Traditions, and Usages of the Inhabitants. By the Rev John Williams.

“He knew not whether he would not willingly put away at least half the folios which he possessed, rather than part with one volume which had recently been published by the Missionary Williams.” — Bi8}iop of Chester at the Bible Meeting.

IX. Third Thousand

NE5V .MISSIONARY WORK ON CHINA.

In one handsome voL, 8vo. beautifully Illustrated, bound in cloth and lettered, with IMap by Arrowsmith, and Frontispiece, in Oil Colours, by Mr.G. Baxter, price 12s.

p HIXA : ITS STATE AND

PROSPECTS, with especial reference to the Diffusion of the Gospel; containing allusions to the Antiquity, Extent, Population, Civilization, Literature, Religion, and -Manners of the Chinese. By the Rev. W. H. -^Iedhuest, Twenty Years a -Missionary to the Chinese.

“ Mr. Medhurst’s book is one of those which he that begins to read will scarcely be able to close till he arri^'es at the last page ; and he who has read it once will be glad of the opportunity of frequently consulting it.” — Wesleyan Magazine.

“ To those who are interested in investigations on the state of China, this book will be a most valuable aid. It has ad\^nced our knowledge of China immensely ; and is one which every scholar and antiquarian should po«s^, if the purpose were merely that of knowing general history and customs.” — ChurchmaiCs Magazine.

** We bdieve that Mr. Medhurst’s China is second to no Missionar)' work. Throughout the whole we see a p«tTfect master\' of the subject, a desire for severe accuracy in the information communicated, an un%’amisbed simplicitj' of narrative, a large but well-defined comprehension of Missionary details, and tvichal, a piety that mrits in compassion, and kindles in zeal for the interests of China.” — Cbngregatumal Mag.

X. New Work On -missions

In one voL 8vo., beautifully illustrated, price 12s.

\ NARR-ATIVE of the GREEK

MISSION ; or. Sixteen Years in Malta and Greece. Including Tours in the Peloponnesus, in the jEgeanand Ionian Isles ; with Remarks on the Religious Opinions — Moral State — Social Habits — Politics — Language, History, and Lazarettoes of JIalta and Greece; and ample Illustrations of the dominant intluence and debasing effects of the Romish and Greek Churches. By the Rev. S. S. 5Yilson.

“This book is written with grreat clearness of judgment ; its investigations are profound, and novelty recommends it in every part.” — Mag.

“ Our readers who take a delight in Missionan* operations, and love to accompany an interesting and truly

Christian traveller, will add this precious gem to their Ubrarj'.” — 'The Dublin Statesman*

“ The great information centred in this volume is like orient pearls.” — Atlas.

** We congratulate the author upon the completion of a book that tvill be of lasting interest.” — Home Missionaty Mag.

“ We hail with pleasure the appearance of Mr. Wilson’5 Narrative of the Greek Mission. It is a volume replete uith instructive matter, presented in a verj' engaging form.’’ Evan. Mag.

XI. FIFTH thousand

M’ith an Engraving of the JIissionaey Ship, price 2s.

'’FHE MISSIONARY’S FARE-

lYELL, with a Parting Address to the British Churches and tlie Friends of Missions, by the Rev. John IYilliams, containing also the Valedictory Services previous to his departure ; and a Narrative of the Excursion to Gravesend, and subsequent events, to the final sailing of the Missionary Ship from Dartmouth.

** Every friend of missions ought to possess a copy of this work as a token of remembrance of this truly de\*oied and pious minister.”— Register.

“ Even’ Christian family in the land should possess it, and make its contents their daily study.” — Manchester TimeSt Sept. 1, 1838.

XII

In post 8vo., whole bound in cloth and lettered, price 4s. 6d., as a Companion to “ Missionary Enterprises,”

POLYNESIA; or, MISSION- J- ARY TOILS and TRIU-MPHS in the SOUTH SE-LS. A Poem.

“ The author has earned his title, in this exquisitely beautiful volume, to an undying reputation. The vivid picture which he has drawn of the triumphs of the Cross in the Islands of the Southern Pacific will henceforward entitle him to rank with the Christian poeu of the age.”— Ei>an^ical Magazine.

“ Rich in descriptive passages and powerful painting— it enlists the best feelings, and bears the true impress of poetrj’ ; we feel the soul kindle under the subject.” — Lit. G<iZ.

“ The versification is melodious — the images are chaste and highly appropriate ; the purest taste in sentiment and diction prev^ throughout ; the descriptions are worthy to be ranked as compamon sketches to the beautiful Cabinet Views scattered through the tales of St. P i k r r e.”

Mwtthly Chi’on*

‘^Polynesia is altogether a veri- grand topic, from which the Author extracts the materiads of a very fascinating poem.” — Atlas.

XIII. For General Circulation

Just published, beautifully printed on superfine paper, price 2s.,

PINNEY’S LECTURES on RE-

-L YIVALS of RELIGION, carefully revised, with Notes, by the Rev. Dr. Patton ; and Introductory Prefaces, by the Rev. J. A. James, of Birmingham, and Rev. Dr. Payne, of Exeter.

“ Such a course of twenty-two Lectures were never before published in our own or any other language."— fiei'itxUist.

Books published by John Snow, 35, PalernosUr Row.

XIV

Recently published, in foolscap 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth, and lettered, price 2s. Gd.

\ VAT,UABLE TREASURY of A USEFUL, ENTERTAINING, and INSTRUCTIVE KNOWLEDGE. Extracted from the Writings of the most eminent Philosophers, Moralists, and Divines. By a Lady.

XV. \ CATECHISM in the WORDS

A. of SCRIPTURE. By a Sunday School Teacher. 32mo. Price Id.

XVI

In post 8vo. bound in cloth, and lettered, price 3s. Gd.

Recollections of a minister; or, sketches DRAWN

from LIFE and CHARACTER. By the Rev. J. T. Barr

** The volume is a welcome and valuable addition to the class of religious narratives."— Register

XVII. Publishing Monthly, with a beautiful engraving, price Id

The missionary repository for YOUTH, and SUNDAY .SCHOLAR’S BOOK on MISSIONS.

Edited by the Son of a Missionary.

Nos. 1 to 12 may now be had.

XVIII. •"phe Centenary Ser

I’LCES in Celebration of GEORGE WHITEFIELD’S Open-air Ministrations, held at the Tabernacle, Moorlields, May 21st, viz : —

“ On the Connexion between the eminent Piety and distinguished Usefulness of Whitefield.” By Rev. John Campbell.

“On the Genius and Labours of Whitefield,” By F. A. Cox, D.D., LL.D.

“ On the Past and Present State of Religion in England. ’ By Rev. John Blackburn.

“ On Open-air Preaching.” By Rev. John Young, M.A.

With Addresses by Sir Culling Eahd- LEY Smith, Bart., Rev. Dr. Bennett, and Rev. J. Ely, Leeds, &c. &c.

*,* The profits will be devoted to the liOndon Christian Instruction Society.

XIX

This day is published, beautifully printed for general circulation, price 2s. Gd.

PRESIDENT EDWARDS on

REVIVALS of RELIGION; containing also a Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God in the Conversion of many Hundred Souls, in Northampton, and the neighbouring Towns and Villages of New Hampshire, in New England. IVith Notes and Introduction by the Rev. Dr. Patton, and Introductory Preface, by Rev. John Angell James, of Birmingham.

XX

Dedicated to the British &■ American Churches, and their various Mission Societies,

Just published, in one vol. post 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth, and lettered, price 8s.

ON the UNION of the HOLY

SPIRIT and the CHURCH in the CONVERSION of the WORLD. By the Rev. Thos. W. Jenkyn.

He who shall arouse the dormant energies of the church of Christ will deseiT’c well of the church at large. lie is a benrfactor of man of the highest rank. And we rejoice that Mr. Jenkyn has attempted to bring the church to a knowledge of its duty, and that a work on a subject of such importance has been produced by a masterly mind, well trained to reflection, and disciplined in various learning. For profound thought, and full investigation of its subject, the treatise before us is worthy of aless supeiflcial age, and woidd not disgrace the masters of theological literature." — Eclectic Review.

XXI

Also, just published, by the same Author, Second Edition, post 8vo., price 7s. Dedicated to the Rev. J. P. Smith, D.D,

n['HE EXTENT of the ATONE- JL MENT in its RELATION to GOD and the UNIVERSE.

** An excellent treatise, on the most solemn and interesting subject of which the human heart is cognisable. Its strictly scriptural, and its tenderly benevolent tone is not more to be praised than its aiguments and illustrations are convincing and satisfactory." — Monthlt/ Review,

XXII. Just published, price Is

The obligation of the

CHURCH to secure a LEARNED and PIOUS MINISTRY. Preached at the Anniversary of Cheshunt CoUege, July 4, 1839. By Rev. E. N. Kirk, of the United States of America.

XXIII. Just published, price Cd

The benevolence of god

towards all 3IANKIND. A Sermon preached at Bilston and Ramsgate, by the Rev. James Mather, of Clapton; published at the request of several who heard it, and many others.

Books published by John Snow, 35, Paternoster Row.

XXIV. For Schools And Families

J ust published, whole bound in cloth and lettered, price 2s., with a recommendatory Preface by Professor Vaughan, of the London U^niversity,

A IDS TO MEMORY ; or. The

Principal Facts and Dates of the Old Testament History, and of the subsequent History of the Jews, to the period of the Incarnation, embodied in Short Mnemonic Sentences, on the plan of Mrs. J. Slater’s “ Sententias ChronologicEE.” By liirs. Jukes.

** The bare record of the transactions and events in Holy Writ cannot impart half the interest to the mind which is felt when they are linked in a continuous chronolojncal chain and the date assigned to each. But to imprint these dates on the memor)* is a matter of still greatergratilication and utility, and theinvention of any simple dence by which this may* be accomplished will be hailed by the student of the Holy Volume with intense delight. Such is the ingenious plan submitted in this little treatise, which would enable even a child of the most tender years to treasure in the stores of his memory the date of ever>’ incident of importance throughout the sacred records, and that by a process not merely simple, but in the highest degree pleasing to his imagination.” — Bath Herald.

“A ver)' sensible and ingenious little volume, developing a simple and ingenious plan, by which the dates of scriptural events may be easily treasured up in the memory. It is enough to say that it is recommended by the Rev. Dr. Vaughan, the eminent Professor of Histoi^' in University CoU^e.” — Revivalist.

XXV. Just published, price Is. 6d. royal 18mo. cloth

The mili-exniu!\i a spiritual STATE, not a PERSONAL REIGN. By John Jefferson.

XXVI

Just published, price Is. Gd. cloth lettered,

’^pHE OLD MINISTRY; or,

The Inefficiency of Modern Preaching compared with the Apostolic Administration of the Gospel. By N. S. S. Beman, D.D. of the United States of America.

XXVII. Works By John Campbell

^^HEOLOGY FOR YOUTH.

JL A System written expressly for Bible Classes, the Higher Orders of Sunday Schools, and the Elder Branches of Families. Fourth Edition. Is. Cd.

•' On account of its clear and accurate representations of evangelical truth, tlie precision and perspicuity of its lan- '’uage, its admirable arrangement, its compactness and eonmleteness, the number and suitableness of its scriptural references, I regard it as the best Thet.logical Catechism 1 have ever seen. 1 receive it as a treasure for my children, and shall recommend it to the instructors of youth with whom I have any intercourse.” — Rec. Dr. Halley, Hifih- IjuryCoUeae. .

“ Though late, and almost needless, in consequence of the cclebnty of this catechism, we wish to bear our testimony with that of our contemporaries, to the excellence of this compendium of doctrinal, expertaental, and practical

T'heologj’.’’— Cbnyiecafionai.Wtwocine.

XXVIII. A Catechism On First

PRINCIPLES. Seventh Edition. 3d.

XXIX. A Catechism On The

FACTS OF THE NEW TESTA-

MENT. Fifth Edition. Fourpence.

XXX. A Catechism On The

^ FACTS OF THE OLD TESTA-

MENT. Sixth F-dition. Fourpence.

** We cordially recommend these Catechisms, as admirably adapted for the instruction and improvement of the young. The matter, the style, and the arrangement, are

all cailculated to interest and impress the minds of children. We think few parents and teachers can make use of these little works without being sensible of their obligations to the author for the facilities which he has afforded them in communicating religious instruction.” — Dr. Rye Smith, Dr. Henderson, Dr. Halley, Dr. Hoppus, and Professor Morell.

XXXI. The marrow of modern

HYMN-BOOKS, FOR THE USE OF SUNDAY SCHOOLS, &c. Sixth Edition. Fourpence.

“ The claims of this little work rest on its comprehensiveness, variety, and systematic order, and on its unprecedented cheapness. It contains ttvo hundred and ten Hymns, comprising the whole of SVatts’s for Children, with nearly all that was considered superlatively excellent, and especially appropriate, in previous publications : to which are added, one large section for Bible Classes, and another for Teachers* Meetings. Its cost is only about a seventh part of the combing expense of Sunday School Collections generally, and of those used by I'cachers, while it affords a measure of utility equal to both of them united.

We like the book exceedingly, and wish it extensive circulation.” — Om^regational Magazine.

XXXII. The comprehensive

HYMN-BOOK. One Thousand Hymns, original and selected. Second Edition. Three Shillings.

** Whether we look at the quality of the Hymns, the immense number and variety of the selection, or the admirable contents, index of texts, and general lists of subjects, we cannot but award to this volume the highest place of any work of its kind that has yet met our eye. This may seem extravagant praise, but we challenge investigation of the opinion thus deliberately given, and assure ourselves, that those who will take the trouble of examining for themselves will not hesitate to fall in with our conclusion. The utmost p^s must have been bestowed by l^Ir. Campbell on every department of the ‘Comprehensive Hjmn Book.*”— Magazine,

XXXII.

DEDICATED TO THE LONDON MISSION- ARY SOCIETY.

A SPLENDID COLOURED -IMPRINT of the CAMDEN MISSION- ARY SHIP leaving Gravesend on the 11th of April. Taken on the spot. Printed in Oil Colours, by Mr. G. Baxter. Size, including tinted paper, 14 in. by 10. Price 4s.

Also, one on a larger scale, representing the CAMDEN passing the Isle of Wight, beautifully coloured, with a Fac Simile of the Hand-writing of the Rev. J. AVilliams. Price 7s.

BRITISH I N D I

DECLINE OF HINDOOISM,

%1

A

06ICAL

PROGRESS OF CHRISTIANITY

CONTAINING REMARKS ON THK itlanncrs, ©ustoms, anO aitcrature of tf)c people ;

ON THE

EFFECTS WHICH IDOLATRY HAS PUODLCED;

ON THE SUPPORT WHICH THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT HAS AFFORDED TO THEIR SUPERSTITIONS;

OK EDUCATION, AND THE MEDIUM THROUGH WHICH IT SHOULD RE GIVEN.

BY

REV. WILLIAM CAMPBELL,

JIBissionari) to InUta.

RppTesPDtation of a Suttee

BY G. BAXTER.

LONDON : JOHN SNOW, 35, PATERNOSTER ROW, 1839.

MISSIONARY BRETHREN IN FOREIGN LANDS;

TO THE

MINISTERS AND CHURCHES AT HOME

AND TO THE

FRIENDS OF EDUCATION;

THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, BY THEIR FRIEND AND SERVANT,

THE AUTHOR.

Preface

After a residence of nearly twelve years in India, exclusively devoted to the work of a Missionary, the Author was under the necessity of returning to his native land, and of leaving that sphere of labour in which he greatly delighted. In visiting the churches of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, the vast importance, and the urgent necessities of our Eastern Empire, have constituted the great theme of his sermons and addresses ; the deliverance of Hindoos from priestcraft and superstition, is still the burden of his thoughts, his prayers, and his toils ; and whether, in the good providence of God, he is directed to return to his field of labour, or is obliged to occupy a different sphere at home, the claims, the welfare and the conversion of India are bound up with his mortal existence, and must ever have a warm place in his heart.

As there was no book on India which associated the progress of missions with the history, the litera-

IV

PREFACE.

ture, the customs, and the mythology of its people, and which combined a general view of this interesting field, with the advancement of the truth, many friends expressed a hope that some work would appear upon India, similar to those which have been published, by our brethren, upon other parts of the missionary vineyard.

In addition to this, it is, to the Author, a matter of deep and daily regret that, after fifty years of occupation by British power, India should be so unknown to the public at home, and that her transcendent interests should receive so little attention from the political, commercial and Christian world. Her immense distance from the seat of government, may, in some measure, account for this neglect ; but as steam-communication has, for some years, been established, and the mails pass, with considerable regularity, between England and Bombay, there is now some hope, that our Eastern Empire will soon receive that public attention which her great interests demand.

Should the present volume be useful in awakening more general interest in the affairs of India, in exciting greater compassion for the ignorance, degradation, and misery which prevail among its people, and in provoking the wise and the good of

PREFACE.

V every denomination to increased exertion, and to fervent prayer for the conversion of its nations, the Author will not have written, nor published in vain.

To the Directors of the London Missionary Society, and to the friends of missions in general, no apology need be offered for the imperfections of the work ; their agents have little time to polish their composition and embellish their thoughts ; and those who contend for the truth, ought to be prepared to meet the shafts of the enemy, rather than renounce the imperative duty of pleading the cause of the oppressed, and advancing the interests of humanity.

The Author has to acknowledge his obligations to the Rev Dr. Bennett, for many kind suggestions.

To the gracious care and blessing of that Master whom he desires to serve, the writer commends this attempt to advance the interests of his kingdom ; and hopes that a Christian public will receive it^ in the spirit of the gospel, as the effort of one who reckons it his highest honour to be a missionary to the heathen, a friend of humanity, and an advocate of the rights, the liberties, and spiritual interests of India.

5, Barnsbury Street, Islington,

November 12, 1839.

i ■

Hf

Chapter I. Extent And Condition Of India

Page

Landing at Madras — Description of a Palankeen — The Author’s first Impressions — What India was to the Ancients and what to the Moderns — How the Name “West Indies” was given to South America — The Extent of the Empire — The External Appearance of the Country and its Inhabitants — Some Marks of Improvement in the Interior — The Effects of War more Visible — Measures of Amelioration necessary to the Prosperity of the Country .......... 1

Chapter II. The Political Degeneracy Of India

The History of the Hindoos involved in Mystery — The fabulous Nature of their Writings — Superstition, the Cause of their Political Degeneracy — The System more Degrading than that of Nations in former Times — Than that of European Kingdoms —

The Effects of Idolatry upon their Morals — Illustrated by a Scene in the House of a Gooroo — Bear a Resemblance to Views of Idolatry given in the Bible 17

Chapter III. The British Power In India

The Transfer of India to Great Britain — The Means adopted to gain it, much to be condemned — The State of India under former Conquerors — The Design of God in putting her into our Power — The Obstacles to the Entrance of the Truth —

The gracious Interposition of Providence — Christianity not likely to overthrow our Rule — The Prosperity of our Power —

The Opinion of Sir Thomas Munro 29

Chapter IV. The Mythology Of India

The fearful System to be overthrown — The Great Bnim — The immense Number of their Gods — The Expectations of the People — The Priesthood — The Power of the Bramins on the Decline — The Jogees — Their Estimation in former Times, compared with their present Character and Influence . . 46

Vlll

CONTENTS.

Chapter V. The Sanguinary Superstition Of India

The superstitious Influence of Hindooism on its Votaries The

Jugglers— The Fears which a Giantess inspired — Christians emancipated from such Evils — Human Sacrifices of Goomsur

— Deeds of Blood mingled with the Habits of the People

The System of the Thugs — A Description of their Deity

Atrocities regarded as Acts of Religion — Horrid Murders

The System Licensed by former Authorities — The Efforts of the British Government to put it down — Hindooism as it now appears compared with former Representations . . .59

Chapter VI. Effects Of Idolatry

The general Effects of Idolatry deplorable — Female Degradation — The Prevalence of Infanticide — The Suttee — Description of one — Abolished by Law — Greater Efforts required to annihilate such Enormities — Female Exertions greatly required— The Society for sending out Females to superintend Schools 76*

Chapter VII. On Caste

Caste — Its Divisions— Connects every Individual with the past and the future — A Bramin at Bellary — The baneful Influence of Caste on Trade and Commerce has kept Society stationary —

The good Effects of Improvement — The Government might do much to abolish Caste — Pernicious Effects upon the Principles of the People — A great Obstacle to the Progress of the Gospel — Exposes the Converts to great worldly Loss — How such Converts should be regarded by Missionaries . . . .90

Chapter VIII. The Literature Of India

The Literature of the Hindoos — Sanscrit Language — Similar to the Latin in its Rise and Decline — Not the Mother of the Vernacular Tongues — Evidence that it is not — The Vedas — The Shasters — The Poorannas — The Ramayana — Harischuudra . 105

Chapter IX. The Syrian Christians

The Syrians land on the Coast of Malabar — Their Privileges under Heathen Princes, contrasted with the Intolerance of the Portuguese — The Violence of their Pei-secutors — The Effects of these Oppressions — A Remnant left — The Exertion of Sir T. Munro for them — Welcome the Church lilissionaries — Their Connexion with the See of Antioch dissolved— Aichdeacon Robinson’s Report of his Visit to them . 121

CONTENTS.

]X

CHAPTER X. THE DAJfISH MISSIONS

Mission to Tranquebar — European Society — Regard for the Heathen— Tamul Language — Roman Converts — Daily Studies — Pecuniary Embarrassments — Christian Knowledge Society — Letter of George I. — Death of Zeigenbalgh — Grundler’s EflForts and Decease — Hopes of the Enemy — Native Assistance — The Exertions of European Missionaries — Success — Baptism — Arunasalam — Swartz — Caste — Bishop Wilson — Reform

Page

Chapter XI. Success Among Europeans

Former Character of Europeans in India— Moral Change — British Soldiers — Letters from a Sergeant — European Officers — Biography of departed Saints — Judge Dacre — Mr. Cathcart — General Character of the Believers — Liberality of Views — Female Influence— Wives of Missionaiies .... 168

Chapter XII

ON TRANStATIONS AND ORIGINAL WORKS IN THE VERNACULAR TONGUES.

The Reformation from Popery — The Latin Language — Bishop Gardiner— The Exertions of the Reformers — Views of the First Missionaries — Translation of the Scriptures — Objections made by Opponents — The Madras Bible Society — Bible Theology —

The Use which the Native Christians make of Scripture — The Distribution of Tracts among the People — Theology addressed to Hindoos ........ 194

Chapter XIII. Different Denominations

All Sections engaged in the Struggle — Unity at Home and Abroad — A Blessing granted to aU-— English Establishment — Letter fromlBishop WUson — Baptist Brethren — Difficulties of the Infant Missions — Trials — Success — Church Missionary Society — Liberality — TineveUy-— Liberty — Wesleyan Missions — Discouragements— Melnuttam — A Bramin — Greater Exertions —

The Inheritance the same . . 214

Chapter XIV. On The Tamul Missions

TheField of Operation — Occupied by various Parties — The Tamul Christians — Appearance of Madras — Its Climate — IMr. Loveless— Mr. Knill — Mr. Traveller — Mr. Nicholson — Duties of the Missionaries — Mr. Bilderbeck — Pursewaukum — Tripasore —

Mr. Smith — A Revival— Combaconum — The Coimtry — Establishment of the ^Mission — Native Teacher — Mr. Crisp — Difficulties—Progress — Seats of Idolatry 244

C

X

COXTENTS.

CHAPTER XV. travancoke.

Page

Scenery— The Province — The Mission established — Mr. Ringletaube— Mr. Mead — Advancement of the Truth — A Christian Village — Native Teacher — Readers — Seminary — Schools — Tract Society — Addresses — Quilon — The Climate — A Native Convert — Trials and Deaths — Mr. Thompson — Success — Schools 271

CHAPTER XVI. ON THE TaMUL missions

Salem — Cheveroi Hills — Mr. Henry Crisp — His Labours and Death — Mr. Walton — Schoolmasters — Visits to Markets — The Native Church — Itineraries — Coimbatoor — NeUgherries — Inhabitants of the Hills — Idolatry in the Plains — ilr. Addis — Education — A Reading-Room — Converts — Chittoor — The Father of the Mission — Mr. Jennings — Difficulties — Death of Mr. Dacre — Death of Mr. Jennings — Mr. Bilderbeck — Branch Stations 295

Chapter XVII. The Telloogoo Missions

TeUoogoo Countries — Multitude of the People — Spiritual Condition— Past Neglect — Claims of Telingana — Ai-guraents to Effort — Vizagapatam — Cran and Desgi-anges — A TeUoogoo Bramin — Death of ilr. Cran — Death of Desgranges- -Labours of the Brethren — Dherna — A Pagan Priest — Shocking Jlurder — Translation — Death of Mr. Dawson — Poorooshoodum — Mission Renewed 332

Chapter XVIII. Cuddapah

Bijanagur — Ceded Districts — Productions of the Soil — Cuddapali —

Mr. Howel — Aspect of the Mission— New Chapel — Christian ViUage — Conspiracy — Murder of Mr. Macdonald — Deliverance — Letter — Enquirers — Catholic Baptism — Protestant Baptism 357

Chapter XIX. The Canarese Missions

The Canarese Countries — Their present Condition — Roman Catholics— Coorg — Protestant Effort required — Bellary — Settlement of Mr. Hands — Seriugapatam — Labours among Europeans — Revivals — Mission-House — Free School — English School — Translation of the Scriptures — ^Mission Tours — Humpee — Heathen Cars 371

CONTENTS.

XI

Chapter XX. Belgaum

Belgaum — Province of Bejapoor — Mahrattas — Mr. Joseph Taylor — Establishment of the Mission — Conversion of Bramins — Darwar — Mr. Beynon — Missionary Tours---Heathen Festival — Church and Congregation — The Deccan .... 397

Chapter XXI. The Mysore

Description of the Mysore — Face of the Province — Historical Recollections—Inhabitants— Customs resembling those of Judea — Canarese Language — The Exposition of the Shasters — Preparation for the Gospel — Ancient Times — Hyder Ali — Mahommedan Method of Conversion — The Contrast favourable to Christianity , . . . . . . . 409

Chapter XXII. Bangalore

The Establishment of the Mission — Locality of Houses — Preaching in Enghsh — First Chapel — Samuel Flavel — The Arrival of the Author — Canarese Instructors-— The Conversion of Two Bramins — Persecutions — Declension — Backsliders restored — Day-Schools — Seminary ....... 424

Chapter XXIII. Bangalore

Canarese Boarding-School — Heathen Objections — Effects upon the Children — Sermon of Moses — Influence upon Relatives — Christian Village — AiTival of Mr. Reeve — Native Congregations—Mr. Turnbull — New Chapel — Native Teachers— Adjacent Towns — Trials and Afflictions — Power of the Bramins — Revolution — British Commission — The Claims of the Mysore .......... 445

Chapter XXIV. Government Support Of Idolatry

British Power in India — Dangerous Policy — The Malediction of the Almighty — Patronage of Idolatry — Laws against Christians — Influence of the System upon Authorities — Decision of a Magistrate — Abolition of Flogging in the Native Army —

Plot at Bangalore — The Mahommedans — Interposition of Providence 476

Chapter XXV. Government Support Of Idolatry

Pilgrim-Tax — Surplus Revenue — Views of the Natives — Objections of a Brainin — Salem District— State of Idolatry in the

XU

CONTENTS.

Page.

Mysore — Despatch of 1 833 — Madras Memorial — Bishop Conie — Repeal of Liberal Measures — British Public — Christian OflScers in India — Sir Peregrine Maitland .... 493

Chapter XXVI. Education Of The Natives

Native Education — The Use of the Vernaculars — Promises of the Charter — Monopoly of Instruction — Testimony of the Twelfth Century — Amount of Government Patronage — English Language— Principles of Rule — System of Conquerors — Effects in England and Ireland — English Party at Calcutta — Influence of this System upon our Rule ...... 523

Chapter XXVII. The Education Of The Natives

Use of Terms in the Language — Enghsh System- -Arguments of the Heathen — Impressions upon the People — Effects of the new System upon Missionaries — Effects upon Hindoo Students — Infidelity — Literature of Wales — Highlands of Scotland — Ireland — The Formation of a Literature — Suggestion . . 555