A treatise on the diseases of the eye

II [ II li lllli I II ii Hill

22101960062

December.

A TREATISE

BY

HENRY D. NOYES, A.M., M.D.

Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology in Bellevue Hospital Medical College ; Surgeon to the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary ; President of the American Ophthalmological Society ; Member of the New York Ophthalmological Society ; Permanent Member of the Medical Society of the State of New York ; Member of the New York Academy of Medicine, etc.

NEW YORK

WILLIAM WOOD & COMPANY 27 Great Jones Street 1881

V

Copyright

WILLIAM WOOD & COMPANY 1881*

Trow’s

Printing and Bookbinding Company 201-213 East Twelfth Street New York

Preface

In this treatise the writer has attempted to condense into the limits assigned to him the substance of modern ophthalmic knowledge. The standpoint is clinical and the purpose is practical ; but, whatever is necessary to a correct understanding of a disease is presented, because sound treatment can onlybe attained by a proper knowledge of causes, connections, and processes. Brief statements of anatomy, including microscopic structure, have been introduced. In microscopic pathology, the writer has been obliged to depend upon the labors of others, and has endeavored to present views which are most recent, in so far as he has offered any. v

Knowing how largely disturbances of refraction and of muscular function enter into troubles of sight, he has recognized their importance by discussing them before beginning the consideration of inflammations and other structural changes. They are considered in Part Pirst. In Part Second the diseases of the eye, as they are usually understood, are presented. It is perhaps worth remarking that in each part we are conducted to the brain : in the first, by the motor nerves ; in the second, by way of the optic nerve. It is, therefore, unavoidable that there should be some reference to the physiology and pathology of the brain and nervous system. Kor can diseases of the eye be discussed without taking into account diseases of remote organs and of the general system. To them, therefore, brief reference is often made. Ophthalmology, as a field of special cultivation, has in late years attained a wonderful development, but its relations to and dependence upon general pathology are more manifest now than ever. It has shed light of no feeble kind upon the pathology of other parts of the

IV Peeface

body, but it none the less seeks to be illuminated by knowledge procured from the study of general medicine.

The writer has not only contributed what his own experience may have fitted him to present, but has largely made use of the labors of others. Besides the standard works and journals enumerated on page v, and to which reference is made in the text, he has consulted many monographs and smaller treatises which are not mentioned. Many of the illustrations have already been published, while a few have been especially prepared for this work. In the list which is given, proper acknowledgment is made.

The author’s warmest thanks are due to his friends, Dr. James L. Minor and Dr. A. H. Buck, for assistance in preparing this work for the press.

New York, 233 Madison Avenue.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Books.

Graefe and Saemisch (abbreviated to G. and S.): Handbuch der gesammten Augen-

beilkunde, in 7 vols. Leipsic, 1880. (The names of the contributors are Profs. Arlt, Arnold, Jr., Aubert, Becker, Berlin, Forster, Alfred Graefe, Hirsch, Iwanoff, Landolt, Leber, Leuckart, Manz, Merkel, Michel, Nagel, Saemisch, Sattler, Schirmer, Schmidt, Snellen, Schwalbe, Waldeyer, v. Wecker.)

Klein : Lehrbuch der Augenheilkunde. Vienna, 1879.

Schweigger : Handbuch der Augenheilkunde. Fourth Edition. Berlin, 1880. Mauthner : Vortrage der Augenheilkunde. Wiesbaden, 1879-1881.

Zehender : Lehrbuch der Augenheilkunde. Stuttgart, 1879.

Stellwag : On the Eye. Fourth Am. Ed. New York, 1873.

Soelberg Wells : On the Eye. Edited by Dr. Bull. Philadelphia, 1880.

Carter : On the Eye. Edited by Dr. Green. Philadelphia, 1876.

Nettleship : Diseases of the Eye. Am. Ed. Philadelphia, 1880.

Donders : Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye. London, 1864.

Alt : Lectures on the Human Eye (Histology and Pathology). New York, 1880 Jaeger : Beitrage zur Pathologie des Auges. Vienna, 1856.

Liebreich: Atlas d’Ophthalmoscopie. Paris, 1863.

Magnus : Ophthalmoscopischer Atlas. Leipsic, 1872.

Bouchut : Ophthalmoscopie Medicale. Paris, 1876.

Galezowski : Traite d’Ophthalmoscopie. Paris, 1876.

Abadie : Traite des Maladies des Yeux. Paris, 1876.

Sichel fils : Traite d’Ophthalmologie. Paris, 1879.

Galezowski : Traite des Maladies des Yeux. Paris, 1875.

Meyer : Maladies des Yeux. Paris, 1880.

Landolt: Examination of the Eyes. Translated by Dr. Burnett. Philadelphia, 1879. Wecker and Landolt : Traite complet d’Ophthalmologie. Tome premier, premiere partie. Paris, 1879.

A. Robin : Des Troubles oculaires dans les Maladies de l’Encephale. Paris, 1880. Bernhardt : Hirngeschwulste. Berlin, 1881.

Wernicke : Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten. Band I. Cassel, 1881.

VI Bibliography

Gowers : Medical Ophthalmoscopy. London, 1879. *

Albutt : The Ophthalmoscope in Diseases of the Nervous System and of the Kidneys. London, 1871.

Journals.

A. v. Graefe’s Archiv f iir Ophthalmologie. Berlin.

Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde. Zehender. Stuttgart.

Oentralblatt fur Augenheilkunde. Hirschberg. Leipzig.

Archives of Ophthalmology. Knapp and Hirschberg. New York and Wiesbaden. Archives d’Ophthalmologie. Panas, Landolt, Poncet. Paris.

Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. New York.

Ophthalmic Hospital Reports. London.

Brain : A Journal of Neurology. London.

American Journal of Medical Sciences. Philadelphia.

Medical Record, New York.

Part I. Page

General Anatomy of the Globe 1

Blood-Vessels of the Globe and their Relations to the Diagnosis of

Methodical Examination of the Eye 22

Examination of the Interior of the Eye by the Ophthalmoscope 24

General Nature of Diseases of the Eye and their Etiology 3G

Treatment of Diseases of the Eye 37

The Use of Glasses 44

Accommodation ' 50

Diseases of Accommodation 54

Errors of Refraction—Hypermetropia 58

Diagnosis of Ametropia by the Ophthalmoscope 76

“ CONYERGENS CONCOMITANS 108

“ Divergens 110

“ Deorsum Vergens, or Sursum Vergen 119

Nystagmus 119

Cojnugate Deviation of the Eyes 120