Dog diseases treated by homœopathy

Front matter

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22101881978 dog diseases

TREATED BY

Preface To The First Edition

I have been frequently advised to prepare a small treatise on the homoeopathic treatment of the diseases of dogs, to put into the hands of those who are, from various circumstances, beyond the reach of professional assistance.

I trust that this work may accomplish the good purpose of relieving the sufferings of our canine friends and companions. Only the more common troubles are described. In my larger work, entitled “ Diseases of Dogs, and their Homoeopathic Treatment,” the reader will find the subject exhaustively treated.

Part I. Page

Dogs and their Doctors, 13 — Nostrums, 14 — Purgatives, 15— Emetics, 15— Setons, 16.

Advantages of Homoeopathy, .... 17

It cures Disease, 17— Its increased Success, 17— Its Humanity, 18 — The Single Remedy, 18 — The giving of Small Doses, 19 — It Economizes Strength,

19— It is Economical in a Pecuniary Sense, 20.

PART n.

Housing, 22-Washing, &c., 23-Good Habits’, 23- Exercise, 24-Food, 25 — The Quantity of Food, 29 -The Frequency of Meals, 30-Stealing Dogs, 31- Dog Buying, 32.

CONTENTS.

part ni.

PAGE

Examining the Patient, 34 — Selecting the Remedy, 35 — The Remedies, 35 — Forms of Medicines, viz., Pilules, Tinctures, Trituration, 37— Doses, 38 — Repetition of Doses, 38 — Administration of Medicines, 39 — External Remedies, 39— Arnica, 39 — Calendula, 40 — Rhus, 40 — Rules for Nursing, 40.

PART IV.

Diseases and their Treatment 42

CHAPTER I. Diseases of the Teeth, Mouth, &c,, . .42

Cutting the Teeth, 42— Loose Teeth, 43— Tartar on Teeth, 43 — Decayed Teeth, 44 — Cancer, 44 — Blain,

45 — Worming the Tongue, 45 — Injuries to the Tongue, 45.

CHAPTER VI. Diseases of the Drinary, &c., Organs, . . .93

Nephritis, 93 — Renal Calculus, 94 — Stone in the Bladder, 95 — Cystitis, 97— Hsematuria, 98 — Balanitis,

99— Cancer of the Scrotum, 100 — Prolapsus of the Vagina, 102 — Vaginal Polypus, 102.

Chapter XII

1. External Parasites, 136.

Parasites living on the Skin — The Louse — The Tick — The Flea, 136 — Parasites living in the Skin — Sarcoptes Canis, causing Mange, 138— Demodex Folliculorum, 139.

In the Air-passages, 141 — In the Digestive Organs,

142 — In the Urinary Organs, 146.

Chapter XIII

Fractures, 147 — Dislocations, 150 — Wounds, 152 — Sprains or Strains, 154 — Sore Feet, 155.

CONTENTS.

Chapter XIV. Page

Rheumatism, 156 — Rickets, 159 — Obesity, 160 — Rabies, Hydrophobia, 161 — Distemper, 163.

PART V.

Aconitum napellus, 170 — Arnica montana, 170 — Arsenicum, 170 — Belladonna, 171 — Bryonia, 171 — Calcarea carbonica, 172 — Cantharis, 172 — China, 172 — Hepar sulphuris, 172— Ipecacuanha, 172— Mercurius vivus,

173 — Nux vomica, 173 — Phosphorus, 173— Rhus, 174 — Tartarus emeticus, 174 — Silicea, 174 — Sulphur,

174 — Veratrum album, 174.

Extra Remedies : — Ammonium causticum, 175 — Aurum muriaticum, 175— Cannabis sativa, 175 — Carbo vegetabilis, 175 — Chamomilla, 175 — Chelidonium majus, 175 — Colocynthis, 175 — Cuprum aceticum,

175 — Dulcamara, 176 — Hydrastis Canadensis, 176 — Infusion of Hydrastis, 176 — Mercurius corrosivus,

176 — Mercurius iod., 176— Plumbum aceticum, 176 — Podophylin, 176 — Pulsatilla, 176— Spongia, 176.

Index,

PART I.

Dogs and their Doctors.

On this point, the late Mr Mayhew, in his work on Dogs, lias some valuable practical remarks, in which I can, from my own experience, fully concur. He says, in his preface, that his work was “ written with the hope of inducing gentlemen of the author’s profession to study more carefully the pathology of the dog. This is at present not properly taught, nor is it rightly understood by the veterinarians who profess to alleviate canine afflictions.”

At page 3, he adds : “ There exists no creature more liable to disorder, and in which disease is prone to assume a more virulent or a more com-

INTRODU CTOltY REMARKS.

plicated form. To minister to its afflictions, therefore, demands no inconsiderable skill; and it becomes the more difficult to alleviate them, since canine pathology is not fully comprehended, nor the action of the various medicines upon the poor beast clearly understood ; yet there are few persons who, in their own estimation, are not able to vanquish the many diseases to which the dog is liable. About every stable are to be met crowds of uneducated loiterers, possessors of receipts and owners of specifics, eager to advise and confident of success. . . . Persons often of the upper

ranks honour me with secret communications which, in their opinion, are of inestimable value ; ladies often entreat me to try particular nostrums, and sportsmen not seldom command me to do things which I am obliged to decline.”

Again, at page 23, he says : “ Medicine to the dog requires to be administered with caution. The nostrums which are so particularly recommended by grooms and farriers ought never to be made use of. The veterinary surgeon is less likely to commit error ; but there are, however, few of the profession who devote attention to the

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

dog with the zeal which the comprehension of its diseases and their treatment demand.”

Speaking of purgatives , at page 30, he writes : “The digestive canal of the dog is peculiarly irritable, and no less sensitive to the action of medicine. There are few diseases in which the stomach and intestines are not involved, and very many in which purgatives are directly contraindicated. No one should get into the habit of thrusting physic of this nature down the throats of his animals,” &c.

Of emetics , he says, at page 31 : “They are shamefully abused, being so universally employed by the owners of dogs, and so strenuously recommended by writers upon their treatment, that one might think these agents were held to possess some charmed power over the health of the animal.”

With respect to the quantity of medicine laid down “by authority,” he says, at page 32 : “ On no account should such doses as Blaine prescribes ever be exhibited. T ouatt, in his recommendation, is much better, but even the amount he orders is too great.”

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

Mr John Meyrick, in his treatise on Dogs, at page 159, states his belief “ that in many cases of disease, the owner of the dog is more competent to have the charge of him than the veterinary surgeon.” And the reason he gives is, “ that many veterinary surgeons, who have made the horse their principal study, are perhaps not the best authorities for the treatment of an animal differing entirely from him in organization.”

At page 176, he gives us the following sample of scientific “ red-tapeism “ Setons — a fold of

the skin being taken up, a lancet is passed through, and a seton needle is pushed through the hole so formed, and draws after it a piece of tape, which, if a powerful effect is to be produced, may be covered with a blistering ointment. A common packing needle will answer the purpose of the seton needle, and a sharp pen-knife will do for the lancet, on an emergency.”

Query : Is it true that there is a “ Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals” in this country ?

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

Advantages of Homoeopathy.

As a contrast to the foregoing, the following features of homoeopathic practice, drawn from a very large experience, may be advanced : —

1. It cures disease. To cure means to heal. The means of cure have absolute curative properties, which antagonize the morbid process, for they are found as a fact to promote recovery and restore health, in some way or other. They restore what is diseased without disordering what is healthy. They attack the disease and not the patient’s constitution. The means are harmless in themselves, and do not add to the danger and suffering which already exist. Allopathic means merely produce artificial diseases, and leave nature to repair the original breach. They may sometimes be instrumental in removing the disease : but how much oftener do they remove the patient ?

2. Its increased success. It cures more cases than allopathy. Such is my own experience and that of others who have tried both plans. Moreover, it cures many of the so-called incurable dis-

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

eases. All the most severe and dangerous diseases of animals are amenable to homoeopathic remedies ; and many that have resisted the old system yield to the new.

3. Its humanity. Every one knows how horribly cruel all allopathic measures are. Firing, blistering, and over-drugging a poor brute, as sensitive to pain as man, and already suffering acutely, are instruments of torture from which the mind recoils in disgust. Supposing that homoeopathy were the universal and accredited system, and that some one introduced allopathy, with what indignation would every man receive the proposal to perpetrate its cruelties on his horse, cow, or dog! Custom, however, makes cruelty familiar ; and familiarity breeds indifference. Now, however, all cruel means can be dispensed with. The fact that diseases subside without recourse to the agents on which allopathy prides itself, places that system in the unenviable position of not having a leg to stand upon. If animals could speak, how great would be their gratitude for deliverance from the tortures of allopathy !

4. The Single Remedy. In homoeopathy only

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

one drug is given at a time ; its action is not interfered with by being mixed with different and incongruous substances. In allopathy, two, three, four, or more different drags are contained in the same compound. As each drug possesses different properties, how is it possible, with any degree of accuracy, to distinguish their respective effects on disease ?

5. The giving of small doses. Allopathy gives monstrous doses of poisonous substances to excite poisonous effects, such as purging, sweating, &c. The system is violently perturbed, life endangered, and disease aggravated. Homoeopathy gives small doses, because it aims at curing, not producing, disease. Of course a small dose is less likely to injure than a large one. When ten drops are found to cure, what is the use of giving more? If more than a curative quantity be given, what becomes of the surplusage ?

6. It economizes strength. Whatever lowers strength robs the body of its power to resist the weakening effects of disease. It is a matter of prime importance to husband strength, because sooner or later in every disease a period of great

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

prostration comes on, under which the patient too often sinks. Homoeopathy does nothing to squander, but everything to preserve, vital energy. ^Recovery is therefore completed without a tedious convalescence. Allopathy, by a few heavy blows, prostrates the animal, and then, alarmed at the result, attempts to support it when sinking. Every one versed in stable matters must have seen many cases of this kind.

7. It is economical in a pecuniary sense. Fewer cases die, so that the value of the animal is saved. The duration of illness is greatly abridged, so that the expenses of treatment, keep, and the loss from inability to work, are proportionately curtailed. Of course, as the animals are sooner cured, and require no turning out to grass, &c., they are soon able to resume work. And even after the most severe illness, they are unimpaired in value or working capacity. Contrast this with what happens in allopathy. There is an immense annual loss from deaths. Hundreds of farmers have been reduced to poverty from losses sustained by the lung disease, which allopathy cannot cure. Thousands of lambs have been destroyed by a

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

recent epidemic which would have yielded to homoeopathic treatment. Our large brewery firms, railway, canal, and carrying companies, posting establishments, and racing stables, lose every year thousands of pounds that might be saved by the adoption of homoeopathy.

PAET II.

GENERAL MANAGEMENT.

• Housing.

House dogs should lie in some comfortable corner, upon a piece of thick carpet, and where there is no damp. Bare stones are provocative of rheumatism. Delicate pet dogs should be kept warm, in wicker baskets, and protected, if necessary, in cold weather with a coverlet.

Watch dogs, &c., should he kept in a boxkennel, containing clean soft straw, hay, or shavings, and placed in a protected spot. The bedding should be changed at least once a-week.

It is out of the scope of this treatise to enter into the particulars connected with kennels for sporting dogs.

WASH TNG.

Washing, &c.

The skin should be kept free from dirt and vermin by being well brushed every morning. This will render washing less frequently necessary, and keep the hair in a nice-looking and healthy state. In washing, take care that the water is not too hot, as the dog does not stand a warm bath well, but is apt to faint, pant in breathing, &c. Soda and potash, which are so often added to the water, are objectionable, because they remove the oily secretion upon which the gloss of the hair depends. The best way is to rub the yolk of one or two, or more, eggs, according to the dog’s size, into the hair, with the aid of water, rubbing on and all over till there is thick lather ; then, the dog being in a tub or similar vessel, pour over him sufficient clean lukewarm water to remove all dirt and lather. This is much better than the soaps ordinarily used.

Good Habits.

Cleanliness on the part of house dogs, and especially of pets, is an important habit to acquire, and

GENERAL MANAGEMENT.

one tliat can be readily taught. Nothing can he more absurd than the ordinary plan of merely chastising after the offence has been committed. What should he done is this : When the animal misconducts himself, scold him, and turn him out of doors for a short period. By thus connecting a punishment with the offensive act, he will soon understand what not to do. Of course, frequent opportunities should he allowed in the course of the day for the dog to relieve himself, otherwise it is useless to expect the acquiring and preserving of good habits.

Exercise.

Out-door exercise, for at least an hour daily, is essential to the health of the dog. It is, above all, necessary when the animal is gross and over-fed. Young dogs do not require any inducement to frolic about, exercising their lungs and limbs ; but older dogs get somewhat staid and dignified in demeanour, and have to be taken out for a formal “ constitutional.” It is downright cruelty to shut up such a naturally active animal as the dog. Many of his diseases arise from want of exer-

FOOD.

cise, with or without the help of errors in dieting.

Food.

Flesh meat is the dog’s natural food, although he can digest and assimilate vegetable food also. An exclusive diet of flesh tends to grossness of body, and, as a consequence, to diseases of an inflammatory character, and also to cutaneous disorders. Horse flesh is largely used as dog’s meat, and it is a highly nutritive aliment, fitter for dogs that are much exercised than for those that have little or no exercise ; in the latter case it is likely to induce foulness of the system and mange. Mutton is a good, but expensive food, and may be given even to house dogs occasionally and in small quantities. Paunch and tripe are proper foods. Liver is another good article as an occasional meal ; it has a laxative property, and may for that reason be sometimes given to dogs troubled with constipation from torpidity of the liver. Soft bones, which are easily chewed, and therefore do not injure the teeth, are nutritive, and need not be withheld ; but hard bones, unless when large and

GENERAL MANAGEMENT.

covered with scraps of meat, should not he given, as they are injurious to the teeth, when the dog attempts to crunch them. Fish and poultry hones are apt to break up into splinters, which may stick in the throat and cause choking, — hence they are bad. Picking a large bone now and then has this other advantage — the action of a tooth-brush. For house dogs, meat of whatever kind is better boiled than raw.

Dogs do best on a mixed bill of fare, — dogs that are not much worked. Oatmeal and Indian meal — the latter subjected to prolonged boiling — are excellent food ; bones slightly covered with flesh may be boiled up with either meal. This is an economical and nourishing dish, which most dogs relish highly. “Greaves”* may be used in lieu of meat, and should be well boiled before adding the oatmeal. Sweet milk or butter- milk may be allowed to the oatmeal porridge ; a small portion of fatty matter or gravy is also a savoury and beneficial addition. Kitchen refuse, such as bones and meat, well boiled into a soup, and then

* This is objected to by some, on the ground that it sets up a tendency to jaundice.

FOOD.

thickened with potatoes or meal, is another mode of providing a suitable meal. The liquor in which salt-meat has been boiled is objectionable. House dogs of diminutive size may be fed on biscuits, previously softened by having boiling milk or gravy poured over them. Vegetables should be boiled once or twice a-week with the broth ; in fact, the rule for all other dogs, save sporting dogs, is to give a mixed diet, neither exclusively animal nor exclusively vegetable. The diet should also be varied, as the dog tires of one particular article of food. Cakes, sugar, and other things that are sometimes given to favourite dogs, are decidedly hurtful.

A special dietary is necessary for sick dogs. An exclusive vegetable diet is often necessary when, from over-feeding, the dog is troubled with skin diseases, or is loaded with fat, or is in too plethoric a condition. In all inflammatory diseases, supposing the desire of eating be retained, the food should be reduced in quantity and richness of quality. On the other hand, diseases that have induced debility and exhaustion, from their severity or long continuance, should be met diet-

GENERAL MANAGEMENT.

etically, by giving the patient some kind of nutritions food. An occasional meal of vegetables, or of liver, is of great service in constipation, and far better than purgatives. All food for dogs should be fresh, untainted, without any kind of unpleasant smell, irreproachably clean, and nicely cooked ; otherwise the patient may turn up his nose at it. Sometimes he may fancy a bit of flesh, or bacon, or pork ; and one or other may be preferred raw* To avoid the alternative of compelling the dog to swallow what he will not voluntarily take, it is sometimes advisable to give way to these partialities. In disease, the appetite sometimes requires to be coaxed by unusual foods. When the dog is exhausted from disease, and when he cannot or will not take food, then concentrated fluid nutriment must be put into the stomach through a tube passed down the throat ; or carefully administered by spoon ; or even thrown up the rectum, if necessary. Beef- tea, either alone or mixed with powdered biscuit or

* “ Measly ” pork should not be given raw, becaus it contains embryonic tape-worms, which become mature parasites in the intestines of the eater, whether canine or human.

THE QUANTITY OF FOOD.

ground rice, is indispensable in these cases. Arrowroot and gruel are good as a change.

The Quantity of Food.

No rule can be laid down on this point, as age, breed, work, and such-like circumstances, must necessarily regulate the amount of food which a healthy dog ought to be allowed to consume. There is a rule founded on size, — Give a dog one ounce of food daily for every pound of his weight ; but this rule is open to many exceptions. Dogs that are idle, confined, and out of exercise or work, should of course have less food than those that are placed the other way, unless we wish to induce obesity and a host of attendant evils. Tn proportion to the waste of tissue consequent on exertion should be the amount of food. Much also depends on quality ; because it is clear that there is more actual nutriment in a small quantity of flesh meat than in a large quantity of vegetable food. As dogs, if permitted, invariably eat more than is sufficieut for the requirements of healthy action, it is important not to allow them to continue eating until appetite is fully satisfied,

GENERAL MANAGEMENT.

but to take away the remains of the meal as soon as they begin to be less eager than at first. Almost all house clogs gorge themselves with food ; it will therefore be safe and salutary to reduce the usual amount. No titbits should be given between regular meal times.

The quantity for sick dogs depends so much on the nature and stage of their disease, that no specific rule can be given. Great care is necessary during convalescence to prevent cramming.

The Frequency of Meals.

It may be stated as a physiological fact, that the dog’s stomach in health cannot digest a full meal of flesh under twenty-four hours. Sporting dogs are found to flourish on one daily meal. Dogs can bear many hours’ abstinence without injury, but such abstinence, if frequently repeated, is followed by stomachic disorder. One meal in the twenty-four hours is quite sufficient for strong healthy dogs ; but a supplementary evening repast may be added in the case of delicate or weakly animals. Nothing is worse for dogs than giving them scraps of food during the day.

STEALING DOGS.

In the case of sick dogs, it may he necessary to offer, or to administer, nourishment, in small quantities, three or four times a-day.

Stealing Dogs.

Dog thieves usually operate in pairs. One walks in front of the dog, and drops a small portion of “ duff,” or boiled liver, which has a peculiar smell, and is much relished by most dogs. The animal loiters behind, whilst the other thiei picks him up, puts him under an apron or some other cover, and walks off with the utmost coolness. The owner has not the least suspicion ot the decent-looking workman who has just passed him.

Mr Meyrick, in his work on Dogs, has the following remarks : “ The dog, being stolen, is afterwards disposed of in one of two ways : either he is kept to be ransomed ; or he is sent to Paris, to one of the Universities, or to one of the manufacturing towns, where he can be disposed of at a good price, and with no risk of detection. But the first course is invariably adopted if the owner can be heard of, and is managed as follows : The

GENERAL MANAGEMENT.

stealer sells him for a few shillings down, to receive a larger sum when the clog is reclaimed, to one of a class of men who are called dog-hrokers. This person waits to see if the dog is what is termed ‘ chanted,’ that is, advertised for as lost, or in any way inquired after, by his owner. If so he calls upon or sends to the owner, to say that he has heard of his dog by accident, and that he can undertake to return him for a certain sum — generally from £2 to £6 or £8. Under these circumstances, the owner’s best course is to express no anxiety about the dog, and to name a certain sum — about one-quarter of what the man asks — as what he will give for him. The broker, who generally measures the ransom by the anxiety of the owner, will, after some bargaining, come to terms.”

Dog Buying.

Large prices are often given for worthless dogs. When, therefore, a professional opinion cannot be obtained as to the dog’s age, state of health, purity of breed, and other matters which determine value, the following hints may assist a purchaser in makdog buying.

ing a good selection, and prevent him from being victimized.

The milk-teeth are shed at about the sixth month, and the permanent set take their place. When the dog is not fed on very hard food, the teeth undergo little or no change up to the third year. Generally, the tips become somewhat blunt ; this change advances with the dog’s age. At this time, it is usual to observe slight deposits of tartar. In proportion as the dog becomes older, so the teeth become more and more worn down, discoloured, covered with yellowish deposit, and decayed. The hair, especially about the eyebrows and muzzle, becomes grey.

In a sound dog, the ears are free from redness, ulceration, and discharge ; there is no pain at the bottom of the ear ; nor are there any indications of loss of hearing. The eyes are free from injected bloodvessels and discharge of matter, and vision is not impaired by cataract, &e. There is no external nor internal tumour perceptible. The skin should be particularly examined, especially on the belly and the bends of the joints.

Part III. Management In Sickness

Examining the Patient.

When the dog is ill, a careful examination of it should he made to ascertain the seat of the disease, or the injury, and the consequences resulting on the general condition ; and also to obtain indications for the selection of the right remedy. Ascertain the frequency and character of the pulse and respiration ; if the nose is dry or moist ; if there is sneezing or discharge from the nostrils; if the cough is frequent, hoarse, dry, or phlegmy ; the state of the teetli and mouth ; if the breath is offensive or not ; if the appetite is good or bad ; if there is vomiting. Also examine the milk -glands, the generative organs, the abdomen, the urine and excrement, to discover if there is any change from the healthy state, and if so, what change or changes. The

SELECTING THE REMEDY.

skin should likewise be surveyed for eruptions, vermin, tumours, injuries, &c. Much valuable information is derived by quietly observing the dog’s manner ; how he sits, lies down, scratches himself, avoids movement, walks, shuns observation, departs from his usual habits, &c.*

Selecting the Remedy.

Having ascertained the symptoms in the abovementioned way, the reader next refers to the description of the disease, to be given hereafter. Under “ Treatment,” the most common remedies are laid down, with certain symptoms attached to each. That medicine, or those medicines, are to be given whose symptoms correspond most closely with those of the disease.

The Remedies.

The subjoined table contains the most frequently used medicines for the class of diseases

* As I am frequently consulted by letter, I may here point out that the above remarks will assist my correspondents to enter into such details as will enable me to prescribe in the absence of a personal examination of the patient, although the latter is always the more satisfactory plan.

MANAGEMENT IN SICKNESS.

described in this treatise. There are many other remedies, as the reader can easily understand, employed in canine practice, either for diseases, or for varieties of diseases, which the author cannot enlarge upon in this place. The dilutions recommended are those usually employed in the average run of cases ; hut lower and higher dilutions may he required, and may act better, under exceptional circumstances.

SCIENTIFIC NAMES.

D1L.

ENGLISH NAMES.

Aconitum napellus .

. 3

Monk’s-Hood.

Arnica montana

. 3

Leopard’s-Bane.

Arsenicum

. 3

Arsenic

Belladonna

. 3

Deadly Nightshade.

Bryonia alba

. 3

White Bryony.

Calcarea carbonica .

. 6

Carbonate of Lime.

Cantliaris

. 3

Spanish Fly.

China

. 3

Peruvian Bark.

Hepar sulphuris

. 6

Liver of Sulphur.

Ipecacuanha

. 3

Mercurius vivus

. 6

Quicksilver.

Nux vomica

. 3

Yomic Nut.

Phosphorus

. 3

Phosphorus.

Rhus toxicodendron .

. 3

Poison Oak.

Silicea

. 6

Silica.

Sulphur .

. 6

Flowers of Sulphur.

Tartarus emetieus

. 3

Tartar Emetic.

Veratrum album

. 3

White Hellebore.

FORMS OF MEDICINES.

The reader is referred to the section on “ Materia Medica,” further on, for information on the action and uses of these medicines, in addition to the directions for their selection, given in the section devoted to the description of disease.

Forms of Medicines.

The medicines which the author uses in canine practice, as well as in veterinary practice generally, are in one or other of the three following forms : —

1. Pilules , which are originally non- medicinal, and in this state are saturated with the tincture of any given medicine, at varying dilutions. They are very convenient for dogs when the medicine has to be given, either from the animals refusing to take it, or being unable to do so.

2. Tinctures , or alcoholic solutions of drugs, in different dilutions, and usually mixed with a certain proportion of water or milk, which most dogs readily lap up.

3. Triturations , in which the crude drug is minutely subdivided by long-continued rubbing, along with certain fixed proportions of sugar of milk. These are powder medicines, and can be

n

MANAGEMENT IN SICKNESS.

mixed with the animal’s food. They are not included in the list of medicines in this work suitable for the more common canine diseases. See page 36.

Doses.

The dose depends on size and age. The average dose in most diseases is from one to five pilules, and from one to five drops of tincture. When tinctures are used, mix (say for a little dog) six drops in six teaspoonfuls of pure cold water, and give a teaspoonful for a dose. For the largest dog, mix thirty drops in the same quantity of water, and give a teaspoonful for a dose. The first mixture will, of course, contain one drop in each teaspoonful; the second, five drops. Bottles, cups, spoons, &c., to be perfectly clean. No two medicines to be mixed together.