Front matter
A. hi
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ACCESSION NUMBER
Chapter I
Diseases of the eyes, etc. ; — Diseases of the eye and its appendages— Description of Drishti — Mandalas and Sandhis— Description of Patalas — Premonitory symptoms — Causes of eye-diseases— Classification — Prognosis of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja — Raktaja and Tri-doshaja eye-diseases — Seats of the eye-diseases. ... ... ... i — 8
CHAPTER VI. Pathology of the diseases affecting the eyes as a whole
Names and Causes— Symptoms of Vataja— Pittaja— Kaphaja and Raktaja Abhishyanda — Causes of Adhimantha— Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja— Kaphaja— and Raktaja Adhimantha— Prognosis— Symptoms of Sa-s'opha and A-s'opha Akshi-paka — Symptoms of Hatadhimantha— Vata-paryaya S'ushkakshi-paka— Anyato-vata — Amla-dhyushita — S'irot-pata— Sira-harsha. ... ... ... ... ... 20—24
Chapter VII
Pathology Of the diseases of the Pupil Description of Drishti — Symptoms — When first — second — third and fourth Patola attacked — Blindness — Specific symptoms of Vataja— Pittaja— Kaphaja and Sannipatika Timira — Parimlayi — Different colours of the pupil in cases of Linga-nas'a — Specific traits of Vataja— Pittaja — Kaphaja — and Sannipatika Linga-nas'a— Traits of Vataja — Pittaja — and Kaphaja Vidagdha-Drishti — Smoky sight— Hrasva-Jatya — Nakulandhya,— Gambhirika — Symptoms of traumatic Linga-nas'a. ... 25-31
Chapter XII
Treatment of Raktaja Ophthalmia : — Venesection— Inhalation — Eye-drop — Snuffs — Plaster — Vartis — Treatment of S'irotpata — Sira-harsha — Arjuna. — Scarifying — Anjana — Treatment of S'ukra — Ksh^ra- Anjana — Soothing applications— Treatment of Ajaka — Akshi-pdka— Puyalasa— Praklinna-Vartma and Aklinna-Vartma. ... ... 47—53
Chapter XIII
Treatment of Lekhya-roga Mode of treatment by Scarification — Satisfactory — defective and excessive scarification — Names of diseases amenable to scarification. ... ... ... ... 54—56
Chapter XIV
Treatment of eye-diseases which require Incision Treatment of Visa-granthi — Lagana — Anjana — Krimi-granthi and Upandha. — Application of Sneha and Sveda. ... ... ... 57 — 58
Chapter XV
Treatment of eye-diseases which require Excision Treatment of Armans— Preliminary actions — Mode of operation — Medicinal treatment — Treatment of Sira-jala — Siraja-pidaka — Parvanika. — Churna- Anjana — Treatment of the inner part of the eye-lids. ... 59 — 63
CHAPTER XVI. Treatmeut of diseases peculiar to eye-lashes and eye lids
Surgical treatment of Pakshma-kopa— Preliminary actions — Mode of operation— Cauterisation and other measures. ... ... 64—65
JV
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVII. Treatment of diseases of pupil and crystalline lens General
treatment of Pitta and S'ieshma-Vidagdha-Drishti.— Pushpanjana — Dravanjana — Gudikanjana — Treatment of Day-blindness — - Nocturnal blindness — Application of Vartis — Rasa-kriyanjana—Kshudranjana —
Treatment of a palliative type — Triphala-Ghrita— -Navana-errhines — Putapaka — Pratyanjana — Treatment of Pittaja — Vataja — Kaphaja and Tridoshaja Ivacha— Fumigation— Treatment of Parimlayi— Diet — Blood-
letting— Treatment of Timira — Prognosis— Surgical treatment of Kaphaja Linga-nasa — Its after-measures — Symptoms and treatment of the disorders resulting from an injudicious operation — Causes of relapse — Symptoms produced by the defects of the S'alaka — Description of the S'alaka — Derangements due to defective operations — Their treatment — Eye-sight-invigorating Anjanas and Vartis. ... ... ... 66 — 83
Chapter XVIII
Preparations and medicinal measures for ocular affections in general : — The Tarpana measures — Mode of application — Symptoms of satisfactory— excessive and defective Tarpana — Treatment of excessive and defective Tarpana— Cases of Tarpana — The Puta-paka measures — Emulsive— Scraping and Plealing Puta-paka — Preparations of Snehana — Lekhana and Ropana Puta-paka — Prohibition and Remedies for infringements—Symptoms of satisfactory — excessive — and defective applications of Puta-paka— Mode of preparing Puta-paka— Mode of application— As'chyotana and Seka — their classes — Maximum time for Seka — Time for application— S'iro-vasli — Lekhana — Ropana and Prasadana Anjana— Forms of Anjana — Their size and dose — Materials of vessels and rod for the use of Anjana— IIow to apply Anjana— Forbidden cases for the application of Anjana — Symptoms of satisfactory — excessive and deficient use of Lekhana Anjana — Prasadana Anjana — Ropana Anjana — Recipe of several principal Anjanas— Bhadrodaya- Anjana— Vartis — Pindanjana. ... 84 — 101
CHAPTER XIX. Treatment of hurt or injnry to the eye General Treatment
Prognosis — Treatment of sunken eye — Symptoms and treatment of Kukunaka — Conclusion.
102 — 105
• ti
CONTENTS.
V
CHAPTER XX. Causes and symptoms of Ear-disease Classifications— Symp
toms of Karna-s'ula — Pranada — Yadhirya — Kshveda — Karna-sr^va — Karna-kandu — Karna-gutha — Karna-pratindha — Krimikarna — Karna-vidradhi — Karna-paka — Puti-karna. ... ... ... ... 106 — io8
Chapter XXI
Medical Treatment Of Ear-disease General Treatment- Treatment of Yataja ear-disease — Karna-s'ula — Pranada — and Vadhiryya. — S'iro-vasti — Dipika-Taila— Different kinds of Ear-drop— General and specific treatment of Pittaja ear-ache and Kaphaja Karna-s'ula — Treatment of Deafness — General and Special Treatment of Puti-karna — Karna-srava Krimi-karna — Karna-kshveda — Yidradhi, etc. — Karna-kandu — Karna-pdka. ... ... ... ... 109 — 1 1 7
Chapter XXII
Causes and symptoms of diseases of the nose : — Nomenclature and Classification — Symptoms of Apinasa — Puti-nasya — Nasa-paka — Rakta-pitta — Puya-rakta — Kshavathu — Bhrams'athu — Dipti — Pratinaha — Parisrava — Pari-s'osha — Ars'as — S'opha — Arvuda— Pratis'yaya 118—120
Chapter XXIII
Therapeutics of nasal diseases Treatment of Puti-na:ya— Apinasa. — Diet — Errhines — Treatment of Nasa-paka — S'on it a-pitt a — Puya-rakta — Kshavathu— Bhrams'athu — Dipti — Nasanaha — Nasa-srava — Nasas'osha etc. ... ... ... ... ... 121 — 122
Chapter XXIV
Symptoms and treatment of Catarrh Causes— Premonitory symptoms— Specific symptoms of Yataja— Pittaja— Kaphaja— Tri-doshaja types— Raktaja-pratis'yaya— Prognosis— General treatment of Pratis'yaya— Regimen of diet and conduct— Treatment of Yataja— Pittaja — Kaphaja — and Tri-doshaja types. ... ... ... ... 124 no vi
CONTENTS.
Chapter XXV
Symptoms Of diseases Of the head ’.—Classification— Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaj a — Kaphaja — Tri-doshaja — Kshayaja — Raktaja — Krimija S'iro-roga — Symptoms of Suryavarta — Ananta-vata— Ardhava-bhedaka — and S'amkhaka. ... ... ... ... 1 3 1— 1 33
Chapter XXVI
Treatment of diseases of the head:— Treatment of Vataja— Pittaja — Raktaja S'viroroga — Food — Treatment of Kaphaja — Tri-doshaja Kshayaja— Krimija— Ardhava-bhedaka — Ananta-vata— and S'amkhaka. — Conclusion. ... ... ... ... ... 134 — 140
Here ends the sJaftatkya-Tantra.
Chapter XXVII
Specific features of nine malignant Grahas Different names — General course of attack — Symptoms of attack by Skanda — Skandapasmara — S'akuni— Revati — Putana — Andha-putana— S'ita putana — Mukhamandika— Naigamesha —Prognosis — Rules to be observed. ... 141 — 144
Chapter Xxxviii
Symptoms and Therapeutics of the diseases of the female organ Of generation Causes. — Enumeration — Classification — Names — Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja — and Tri-doshaja types — Medical treatment. — Internal and External treatment. ... 164 — 168
Here ends the Kaumara-bhritya-Tantra.
Vlll
CONTENTS.
Chapter XXXIX
Symptoms and Treatment of Fever Description of Jwara— Definition and classification — Pathology — Premonitory symptoms — Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja fever — Abhinyasafever— Hataujas — Sannyasa — Dwandaja fever — Vata-pitta-fever — - Vata- S'leshma-fever — Pitta-S'leshma fever — Pralepaka — Tritiyaka (tertian) and Chaturthaka (quartan) fever — Vishama-fever — Seat and duration of Vishamajvvara — Satataka — Anyedyushka — Tritiyaka — Chaturthaka —Action— Influ-
t
ence of Vayu on Vishama fever— Agantuka fever due to the effects of poison — Play-fever— Gambhira fever and its prognosis—General treatment — Fasting-Prohibition of fasting — Effect of fasting — Satisfactory and excessive fasting— Tepid water — Cold water — Peya — Yavagu — Symptoms of Pakva and Ama-jwara — Time for administering febrifuge — Preliminary treatment — Application of Vasti and S'iro-virechana — Administration of Ghrita— Diet— Laja-larpana — Milk as a diet — Meat-diet— Prohibitions in fever — Sams'amana decoctions for Vataja — Pittaja and Kaphaja fever— Treatment of Kapha-Vata — Pitta-S'leshma — Vaia-pitta fever and Tri-doshaja fever — Treatment of Vishama-jwara — Ghrita in cases of Vishama fever— Guduchyadi-ghrita — Kalasyadi-ghrita — Maha-kalyana-ghrita — Pancha-gavya ghrita— Triphala-ghrita — Pancha-sara— Medicated Tailas — Fumigations and Anjanas— Treatment of shivering and burning sensation— General and specific treatment of the complications— Application of Vastis— Symptoms of the remission of fever. ... ... ... 169—211
CHAPTER XL. Symptoms and treatment of Diarrhoea, etc Causes— Patho
logy— Premonitory symptoms — Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja types— Symptoms of S'okaja and Amaja Atisara— Symp-
f
toms of Ama and Pakva Atisara — Prognosis — General treatment — Twenty different Recipes for Amatisara — Fasting — Six Yogas for Pittaja Atisara— Astringent remedies— Application of Ghrita — Putapaka-preparalions—
t
Peya— Treatment of thirst — Use of milk— Aslhapana and Anuvasana Vastis — Pichchha-Vasti— Diet— Causes and symptoms of Pakvatisara — Treatment and Symptoms of Pravahika — General Treatment— Application of Vastis —Diet— Medical treatment — Yavagu— General principle of treatmentindications of cure — Static or dynamic causes of diseases and treatment— Grahani— Premonitory symptoms of Grahani— Symptoms— Specific symptoms of Vataja— Pittaja— Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja Grahani— Treatment and diet. ... ... ... ... ... 212—236
CONTENTS.
IX
CHAPTER XL I.
Symptoms and Treatment of Phthisis Nomenclature— S'osha
— Kshaya — Kaja-yakshma — Etiology and general symptoms— Specific symptoms ofVataja — Pittaja and Kaphaja types — Prognosis — Other causes ofS'osha and their symptoms — Premonitory symptoms — Prognosis — Treatment— Diet — Meat, etc. — Utsadana — Medicated Ghritas — Eladi-mantha — Use of goats flesh, milk, etc. — Rules of conduct. ... 237 — 245
Chapter XLI 1
Symptoms and Treatment of Gulina Definition and Number- Localisation and Nomenclature — Premonitory Symptoms — Specific Symptoms ofVataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja types — Symptoms of Raktaja Gulma — General Treatment of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja — Tridoshaja and Raktaja types — Uttara-Vasti — Anuvasana — Chitrakaghrita — Hingvddi-ghrita — Dadhika-ghrita — Rasona-ghrita. — Ghritas in Pittaja — Raktaja and Kaphaja Gulma. — Internal use of Kshara — Vris'chirarishta — Blood-letting— -Diet and Sveda. — Peya — Khada-yusha— Fomentation— Medicated plugs — Supervening symptoms — Prohibited articles — Causes and Symptoms of Sjula — Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Sannipatika S'ula. — General treatment — Treatment of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja S'ula. — Symptoms and treatment of Parsva-S'ula. — Symptoms and treatment of Kukshi-S'ula.— * Symptoms and treatment of Hrich-chhula. —Symptoms of Vasti-S'ula — Mutra-S'ula — Vit-S'ula and Annaja S'ula. — Their treatment. ... 246 — 264
CHAPTER XLI 1 1.
Symptoms and Treatment of Heart-disease Etiology and Nomenclature— Number— Specific Symptoms of Vataja— Pittaja— Kaphaja and Krimija types— Supervening Symptoms— Medical treatment of Vataja— Pittaja— Kaphaja and Krimija types. ... ... 265—268
CHAPTER XL IV.
Symptoms and Treatment of Jaundice, etc. :— Etiology and Nomenclature— Premonitory Symptoms — Specific Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja types — Symptoms of Kamala — Kumbha-Kamala— Lagharaka and Halimaka. — Supervening Symptoms—
CONTENTS.
X
General treatment — ’Treatment of — Kamala — Kumbha-kdmala— -Lagha* raka. — Articles of Diet— Treatment of Supervening Symptoms — Prog* nosis. ... ... ... ... ... 269—276
CHAPTER XLV.
Symptoms and Treatment of Haemorrhage Cause and Pathology — Prognosis— Premonitory Symptoms— Supervening Symptoms— Symptoms of incurable types — General principles of treatment. — Emetic — Purgative— Fasting — Articles of fare— Diet— Lambatives— The best six Yogas— Asthapana and Anuvasana— Treatment of down-coursing type— Uttara-vasti. ... ... ... ... ... 277—284
CHAPTER XLVI.
Symptoms and Treatment of Fainting fits -.—Definition— Classification—Premonitory symptoms— Specific symptoms— General treatment — Specific treatment.— Symptoms ol Sannydsa —Treatment— Incurable type— Diet. ... ... ... ... ... 285—288
CHAPTER XLVIL
Symptoms and Treatment of Alcoholism Properties and action of wine — Evil effects of drinking— Three stages of Alcoholic intoxication—Cases where wine is prohibited.— Specific symptoms of Patnattyaya —symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja types — Symptoms of Para-mada — Panajirna— and Pana-vibhrama —Prognosis — Treatment of Vataja — Pittaja — Kapha j a— Tri-doshaja and Dvi-doshaja types. — Panaka — Treatment of Para-mada— Panajirna — Pana-vibhrama and Panatyaya— Treatment of Thirst — Remedies for Daha. — Symptoms and treatment of Raktaja -Daha.— Daha due to thirst— Accumulation of blood— Due to Kshaya — Due to hurt of Manna.—1 Their Treatment- Mode of drinking wine. ... ... ... ... 289—301
CHAPTER XLV II I.
Symptoms and Treatment of thirst Etiology— Classification- Premonitory symptoms— Symptoms of Vataja— Pittaja— and Kaphaja types. —Symptoms of Kshataja— Kshayaj a— Amaja and Annaja thirst.— Prognosis— General treatment— Specific treatment— Treatment of Kshataja —Kshayaja and Amaja thirst,— General treatment. 302—308
CONTENTS.
XI
CHAPTER XL IX.
Symptoms'and Treatment of Vomiting Causes and Nomenclature— Premonitory symptoms — Specific symptoms of Vataja — I’ittaja — Kaphaja — and Tri-doshaja types — Traumatic cases — Prognosis — General treatment — Treatment of Vataja — Kaphaja and Pittaja types. — Vomiting due to pregnancy.— -Treatment of traumatic and Krimija types. — General treatment — Diet. ... ... ... ... 309 — 313
CHAPTER L.
Symptoms and Treatment of Hic cough Causes— Derivation
— Classification — Premonitory symptoms — Symptoms of Annaja — Yamala — Kshudrika — Gambhira — and Maha-hikka. — Prognosis — Their treatment —Four liquid compounds — Meat as diet. ... ... 314 — 318
CHAPTER LI.
Symptoms and Treatment of Asthma Etiology— Classification
— Premonitory symptoms — Specific symptoms of Kshudra — Tamaka — Pra-tamaka — Chhinna — Maha — and Urdhva-S'vasa. — Prognosis — General treatment. — Ilinsradi-ghrita — S'ringvadi-ghrita — Suvahadi-ghrila — Talis'adi-ghrita — Meat as diet. — The five La inbat ives — Utkarika — Articles recommended — Application of Sneha and Dhuma — Purging and Vomiting. ... ... ... ... ... 3 — 32S
CHAPTER LII.
Symptoms and Treatment of Cough '.—Causes and Etiology- Classification — Premonitory symptoms — Specific symptoms of Vdtaja — Pittaja — Kshataja and Kshayaja types. — General Treatment — Inhalation of Dhuma — Treatment of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja — Kshayaja and Kshataja Kasa — Kalyana-guda — Agastya-leha. ... ... 326 — 337
CHAPTER LI 1 1.
Symptoms and Treatment of Hoarseness:— Etiology— Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja types. — Symptoms of Kshayaja and Medoja types — Prognosis — General Treatment — Treatment of Vatsja -- Pittaja — Kaphaja — Tri-doshaja — Kshayaja and Medoja types. ... ... ... ... ... 335—337
CONTENTS.
Xii
CHAPTER LIV\
Symptoms and Treatment Of Worms :—Causes— Classification- Names and symptoms of Purishaja — Kaphaja — Raktaja worms. —Specific causes—General symptoms — Prognosis—Their Treatment. —Treatment of Romada and Dantada worms— Diet. ... ... ... 338 — 343
CHAPTER LV.
Symptoms and Treatment of Udatvartta ‘.—Causes— Classification— Symptoms of Vataja — Purishaja— -Mutraja Udavarta.—Repression of Yawning — Tears— -Sneezing— Eructation— Vomiting — Seminal discharge —Hunger— Thirst — Breath and Sleep.— Prognosis— Their General Treat-
t
ment — Their Specific treatment.— Treatment of Adhmana.— Udavartta due to errors of diet — Its treatment. ... ... 344 — 351
CHAPTER LVI.
Symptoms and Treatment of Visuchikau Causes— Definh ion — Symptoms — Alasaka — Vilambika —Prognosis — General Treatment — Ksharagada— Kalyana-lavana — Diet.— Causes and Symptoms of AnSblia —Treatment, ... ... ... ...^ ... 352—356
CHAPTER LVII.
Symptoms and Treatment of Arochaka '.—Etiology— Classification—Symptoms of Vataja— Pittaj a — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja types. —Their Treatment — Four specific Lambatives — Regimen of diet — Use of decoction — Arishta and Asava. — Treatment of Manasa Arochaka. ... ... ... ... ... 357—360
CHAPTER LVIII.
Symptoms and Treatment of suppression of Urine Classification— Symptoms of Vaia-kundalika — Vatasthila — Vata-vasli — Mutratita — Mutra-jathara— Mutra-sanga— Mutra-kshaya — Mutra-granthi — Mutrasarkara— Ushna-vata and two kinds of Mutrauka-sada.— General treatment —Application of Uttara-Vasli • 361—368
0 • 1
Ml
CONTENTS.
Xll!
CHAPTER LIX.
Symptoms and Treatment of the defects of Urine Classification— Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Sannipatika types — Ulcer or injury in the Urethra — Mutraghata due to Stone or Gravel — General Treatment — Treatmet of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tridoshaja types. — Treatment of Abhighataja and Purishaja types. 369—372
Here ends the Kaya-chikitssi.
CHAPTER LX.
Symptoms and Treatment of the diseases brought on through
Superhuman influences : — Action of Graha — Causes of influence by a Graha— Indications of attack by Grahas — Deva-graha— Asura-graha— Gandharva-graha — Yaksha-graha — Pitri-graha — Bhujanga-graha — Rakshasagraha and Pis'acha-graha. — Progonosis — Times of their Possession — Explanation of Bhuta-vidya. — General and religious treatment— Their specific religious treatment — Medical treatment — Special treatment. ... 373 — 380
CHAPTER LXI. ~
Symptoms and Treatment of Apasmara ‘.—Derivative significance— Causes — Nomenclature — Premonitory Symptoms — Symptoms of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Sannipataja types. — Discussion on its causes. — General treatment — Specific treatment — Siddhdrtha-ghrita — Pancha-gavya-ghrita — General treatment — Preparation of special wine — Venesection. ... ... ... ... ... 381 — 386
CHAPTER LXII.
Symptoms and Treatment of Insanity Derivation— Classi-
fications of Vataja — Pittaja — Kaphaja and Tri-doshaja types — Symptoms of S'okaja and Vishaja types — General treatment — Treatment by frightening acts — Diet — Maha-Kalyana-ghrita — Kalyana-ghrita — Phala-ghrita — Vartis — Venesection. ... ... ... ... 3S7 — 391
Here ends the Bhuta-Vidya-Tantra-
XIV
CONTENTS,
CHAPTER LXIII.
Different Combinations of six different Rasas Taken two at
a time— Three at a time— Four at a time — Five at a time — Six at a time— One at a time. • oe® f « © »* i $ m 392—395
CHAPTER LX IV.
Rules of Health : — Indications of Health — Its importance— Regimen of diet and conduct in the rainy season— Rules for autumn — Ilemanta— - Winter— Spring— Summer and for Pravrit. — Different kinds of food — When and how to be taken. — Ten proper times for administration of Medicines— Their names — Definitions and Effects — Proper time for taking food. ... ... ... ... «•« 396 40^
CHAPTER LXV.
The Technical terms used in the treatise Names of the Technical terms— Necessity— Their definitions and examples. 406—413
CHAPTER LXVI.
The different Modifications of the different Doshas
Number of different diseases. — Number of drugs. — Different combinations of the three Doshas — Their number. ... ... ... 414—416
End of the Contents of the Uttara-Tantra.
*
THE
*
UTTARA-T ANT ARAM.
(SUPPLEMENTARY PART OF THE TREATISE).
Chapter I
Now we shall discourse on the chapter which deals with the diseases, viz., of the eye, etc. (Aupa.dra.vi-
kam adhyayam). i.
Here commences that portion of the Sus'ruta Samhita which is known as the Uttara Tantra (the supplementary part) to which references have been often made in the preceding one hundred and twenty chapters, as the fit place wherein to revert in detail to the topics cursorily mentioned therein. This part comprises within it the specific descriptions of a large and a varied number of diseases, viz., those which form the subject matter of the Salakya-Tantra (Diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat) as narrated by the king of Videha ; the aetiology and symptomatology, etc. of diseases peculiar to infants and women (Kaumarabhritya), the pathology, etc., of those diseases mentioned in the six books of the Practice of Medicine par excellence (Kaya-chikitsa) compiled by the holy sages of old and diseases known as Upasarga (eg. Bhutopasarga
THE SUSHRUTA SAM HIT A.
[ Chap. I.
—Demonology) as well as diseases of traumatic origin are also included in this supplementary text*. Herein are also mentioned the sixty-three combinations of the six different Rasas (tasces) as well as the laws Gf health and hygiene with their rationale (rules, interpretation and reasonings) and the classifications of different Doshas and organic principles of the body and various accessories and remedial agents required for their successful treatment and cure. 2.
I shall now begin with the description of the numbers, the pathology and the curability or incurability of those specific ailments of the body which are peculiar to the region of the head out of a myriad of other distempers reserved for treatment in this portion of the work (Uttara-tantra) which may be compared to the unfathomable deep in respect of the vastness of fits depth and magnitude. 3.
Diseases of the eye and its appendages — The eye-ball (Nayana-Budbuda) is two fingers (about an inch) in transverse diameter, about the breadth of one’s own thumb in depth (Sagittal diameter), and two fingers and a half ail round (in circumference). The eye-ball is almost round in shape and resembles the teat of a cow. It is made up of all the (five) elements of which the universe is built up. The element of the ‘solid’ earth (Bhu) contributes to the formation of its muscles, the element of ‘heat’ (Agni or Tejas) is in the blood (that courses in its veins and arteries), ‘the gaseous element’ (Vayu) contributes to'the formation of the black part (Iris, etc.) in which the pupil is situated, the fluid element (Jala) preponderates An the -lucid
(1) The text has A'gantuka (traumatic 'diseases). Gayadasa explains it to mean Apasmara, Unmada, etc. (Hysteria, insanity, etc.).
Chap. I. ] UTTAR A-T A N T A R AM
(white) part (Vitreous body) and the void (ethereal) Space (Akasa) is there to form lachrymal or the other ducts or sacs (As'rumarga) through which the secretions are discharged. 4.
I shall now proceed to describe the Drishti (the central part of Retina — ‘Macula Lutca’) as set forth by expert ophthalmic physicians. The black portion of the eye (Krishna-mandaia — Choroid) forms one third part of its whole extent while the Drishti, according to them, occupies only one-seventh part of the Krishna-mandaia. The Mandalas or sub-divisions or circles of the eye-ball, the Sandhis or Joints (parts where these sub-divisions meet with one another) and the Patalas (layers or coats) of the eye are respectively five, six and six in number. 5-6.
lYlandala and Sandhi The Mandalas of
the eye are the following, viz., (1) the Pakshma-mandala (the circle of the eye-lashes), (2) the Vartma-mandala (the eye-lid) (3) the Sveta-mandala (the Sclerotic and Cornea), the Krishna-mandaia (the choroid) and (4) the Drishti-mandala (the pupil). These circles are so arranged that the one preceding lies within the next in the list.* The Sandhis (which serve as lines of demarcation of the circles) already pointed out are six in number, the first binding the eye-lashes (Paksha-mandala) with the eyelids (Vartma-mandala), the second the eye-lids and the Sclerotic coat (Sveta-mandala), the third binding the latter with the Krishna-mandaia (choroid), the fourth situated between the latter and the Drishti-mandaia, the fifth lying in the interior corner (Kaninakas) and the last (sixth) in the exterior (posterior) corner (Apdngas) of the eye. 7-8.
" Evidently some line or lines are missing here as the line cannot give a complete sense by itself. Ed.
THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA.
[ Chap. i.
The Patalas : — Of the Patalas, two are in the eye-lid (Vartma-mandala) and four in the eye proper, wherein occurs the dreadful disease known as the Timira (loss of vision). Of these four the first or anterior coat (Patala) supports the humour Jala and light (Tejas), * the second coat or Patala (choroid) is supported by muscles ; the third coat or Patala (Sceroim and Cornea) consists of Medas (lit fat) and there is the fourth which is a fifth part of the whole and is known as the Drishti. There are, however, divisions and sub-divisions of these coats. 9.
The different parts of the eye-ball are held together by the blood-vessels, the muscles, the Vitreous body and the choroid.J* Beyond the choroid, the eye-ball is held (in the orbit) by a mass of Sleshma (viscid substance — capsule of Tenon) supported by a number of vessels. The deranged Doshas which pass upward to the region of the eyes through the channels of the up-coursing veins and nerves give rise to a good many dreadful diseases in that region. 10.
Purva-mpa, 8tC. — Cloudiness of vision, slight inflammation, lachrymation, mucous accumulation, heaviness, burning sensation, sucking pain (D. R.-aching pain) and redness in the eyes are indistinctly manifest (in the incubatory stage) in such cases. In cases of an inflammation of the Vartmas (eye-lids) the eye seems as if studded with the bristles of worms (Suka) and attended with pain (as if pricked into with thorns) and a sensible impairment of the faculty of the eyes in detecting
* By “Jala” is meant here the serum (Rasa) in the skin, and by “Tejas” the blood in the veins (Sira) carrying the (Tejas) known as the A'lochaka.
t D. R. vessels, muscles and aqueous humour (Medas) are most important for the maintenance of Krishna-mandala.
Chap. I. ]
U TT AKA-T A N T A RAM .
colours and in closing and opening the eye-lids freely. An intelligent physician will conclude from these symptoms that the eyes have been affected by the (deranged) Doshas, with a due consideration whereof the remedies should be (carefully) administered, otherwise the eye-diseases might become too serious. The simple maxim or principle to be followed in the treatment of a disease is simply to forego the primary pathological causes of that disease. The special remedial measures that would pacify the different Doshas, Vayu, etc. have been described in detail. 12-13.
Causes of Eye-disease The local Doshas deranged and aggravated by such causes as diving in water immediately after an exposure to the heat and the glare of the sun, (constant) gazing at distant objects, sleep in the day time and keeping up late hours in the night, fixed and steady gaze, excessive weeping or over-indulgence in grief, worry and fatigue, a blow or a hurt, sexual excesses, the partaking (in inordinate quantities) of Sukta, Aranala (fermented rice-water), acid gruel, MTsha pulse, and Kulattha pulse, voluntary repression of any call of nature, exposure (of the eyes) to smoke or dust, trickling down of the drops of sweat (into the eyes), excessive or impeded vomiting, repression of tears, constant contraction of the eyes to adjust the sight to extremely small objects, etc., beget disorders of the organs of vision. 14.
Classification of the Eye-diseases :
— Seventy-six different kinds of eye-diseases have been come across in practice ; of these ten are originated by the deranged Vayu, ten by Pitta and thirteen by Kapha. Sixteen are produced by vitiated blood, and twenty-five by the concerted action of the deranged Doshas (Tri-Doshaja), and lastly, two are produced by
THE SUSI-IRUTA SAMHITA.
[Chap. I.
external causes i. e., they are traumatic in their origin. 15.
Prognosis of the Vataja Type s— Of the
diseases of the eyes which are due to the action of the deranged V&yu, those known as Hatadhimantha, Nimisha, Gambhirika affecting the vision, and Vata-hata-vartma (V&yu-afflicted Sclerotic coat) is said to be incurable. A temporary cure (Yapya) is all that can be effected in a case of Kacha (cataract) due to the action of the deranged bodily Vdyu ; while the affection of the eyes known as the Anyato-Vata, Adhi-mantha (ophthalmia), Sushkakshi-p^ka, Abhishyanda and Maruta-Paryaya are curable. 16.
Prognosis of the Pittaja Type :— Of
the diseases due to the deranged action of the Pitta known as Hrasva-j&dya and Jala-srava should be deemed incurable ; and palliative measures are the only remedies in cases of Kacha, Parimlayi and Nila, while Abhishynda, Adhi-mantha Amladhyushita, Suktika, Pitta-Vidagdha-Drishti, Pothaki and Lagana are curable. 17.
Prognosis of Kaphaja Type:— Of the
diseases due to the aggravation of Kapha, the one known
as the Srava-roga is incurable and (Kaphaja) K&cha
(cataract) admits of only palliative treatment, while a
cure may be be effected in the following cases, viz,,
Abhishyanda (conjunctivitis), Adhi-mantha, Baldsa- /
Grathita, Sleshma-Vidagdha-Drishti, Pothaki, Lagana,
Krimi-granthi, Pariklinna-Vartma, Sukldrma, Pishtaka, Sleshmo-pan&ha. 18.
Prognosis of the Raktaja Type:— Of
the diseases of the eyes due to the vitiated condition of the blood, those known as Raktasrava, Ajak&jata, Avalambita (pendent), Sonit&rsas and Sukra-roga should
Chap. I.]
U TT A R A-TANTAR A M .
be regarded as incurable, and the type of ^Kdcha (cataract) due to the same cause admits of only palliative measures, while the diseases known as Adhi-mantha, Abhishyanda, Klishta-vartma, Sira-harsha and Sirotpata, Anjana, Sira-jala, Parvani, Avrana (non-ulceratcd), Sukra-roga, Sonitdrma and Arjuna may be included within the group of curables. 19.
Prognosis of the Tridoshaja Type, etc- Of the eye-diseases due to the concerted action of the three aggravated Doshas, those known as Puyasrava, Nakuldndhya, Akshipdkdtyaya and Alaji arc incurable and palliative measures are only possible in cases of Khcha (cataract) or Pakshma-kopa ; while those known as Vartmdvabandha, Sirdja-pidaka, Prastdryarma, Adhi-mansarma, Snayvarma, Utsangini, Puyalasa, Arvuda, Syava-vartma, Kardama-vartma, Arso-vartma, Sukrarsas, Sarkara-vartma, the two forms of inflammation with or without local swelling known as) Sasopha-pdka and Asopha-paka, Bahala-vartma, Kumbhikd and Visa-vartma yeild to the curative efficacy of appropriate remedial agents. Both the forms of eye-disease due to the external causes* should be considered as incurable. 20 — 21.
Their Localities Thus we have finished enumerating the seventy-six types of eye-diseases, of which nine are confined to the Sandhis (binding unions), twenty-one to the Vartma (eye-lids), eleven to the Sukla-bhaga (the Vitreous body), four to the Krishna bhaga (the region of the Choroid), seventeen to the entire region (eye-ball) and twelve to the-Aegion of the Drishti (pupil or the ^crystalline lens, etc.). The
*The one due to any external blow or hurt (Sa-nimitta) and the other originating from the sudden sight of any celestial being of extreme brilliancy (A-nimitta).
THE SUSHRUTA SAM HIT A.
[Chap. I.
two cases due to the extraneous cause (are chiefly located in the Drishti though affecting the whole of the eye-ball and) are very painful and incurable. The characteristic symptoms of all these will be hereafter described in detail. 22—23.
Thus ends the first chapter of the Uttra-tantra in the Sus'ruta Samhita which deals with the diseases, viz. of the eye, etc.
Chapter II
Now wc shall discourse on the chapter which deals with the pathology of diseases which are peculiar to the joints or binding membranes of the eye (Sandhi-
gata-Roga-Vijnaniya).
The names of those diseases -.—Diseases
peculiar to the joining (Sandhi) of the eye are nine in number and are named Puyalasa, Upandha, (the four kinds of) Srdva (viz. Puya-srdva, Sleshma-srdva, Raktasrdva, Pitta-srdva), Parvani, Alaji and Krimi-granthi. 2,
Symptoms of Puyalasa and Upa~
naha : — A suppurated swelling occurring at any of these joining and exuding a sort of fetid and dense * pus is called Puyadasa. A painless cyst (Granthi) of considerable size occurring at the union of the pupil (with the Krishna-mandala) and attended with an itching sensation and a little suppuration is called Upangha. 3. A.
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