Anatomical examinations. A complete series of anatomical questions, with answers ... preparatory to examinations at Surgeon's-Hall

Preface

A NATOMY must be learnt in tbe Dissecting- Room : it is only there, aided by competent Teachers, that the Student can acquire such information in this branch of his studies as will be practically useful to him. Cut in this pursuit the memory may receive great and important assistance from a short and clear account of the various parts of the Body, to which the Learner may refer when his Teacher is absent, or when alone he meditates on the subject of bis labours. Ilis memory may be further most usefully exercised by questions well adapted to the subject ; they will lead him to form a just estimate of his acquirements and deficiencies, and this practice will give him a familiarity with examinations, the want of which often embarrasses those who present themselves before tbe College of Surgeons.

PREFACE.

Willi a view to afford the Anatomical Student this species of assistance, the following Work has been composed.

The First Part contains a complete and systematic Series of Examinations, whose numerical arrangement will render it easy to refer to the respective Answers in the Second Part.

The Second Part is an Elementary System of Anatomy, which may be read and consulted without any regard to the numerical refeiences to the First.

f

Contents

Sect.

Vol. Vol.

i. ir.

II. 323 323

326 328

337 340

346 319 353

ERRATA.

VOL. I.

Sect. 35. Quest. 35. for Arachnoidal, read Arachnoidca.

45. 3. for Phreni,' read Phrenic.

3. ]g. for A htiio d:a, read A iitii rodi .a .

28. 9. for Hypograstic, read Hypogastric-.

ANGULAR IS St E R N I .

Sect. 6.

VOL. II.

22. for Gracialis, read Gracilis.

""" 23. for Foramin, read Foramen.

Glossi.

TABLE OB THE BONES

TAB. I.

63 Bones of the Head, consisting of

8 Large and 8 Small Bones of the Cra dm, consisting of .

46 Bones of the Face, consisting of . ; ,

1 Bone of the Tongue 26 Bones of the Spine, consisting of,

53 Bones of the

Trunk, 25 Bones of the Thorax, consisting of 'i, J

consisting of

248 BONES of the BODY,

consisting of

2 Bones of the Pelvis

64 Bones of the

Upper

Extremities,

consisting of

54 Bones of the Hands, consisting of ■

60 Bones of the

Lower

Extremities, *

consisting of

2 Bones of the Thighs

6 Bones of the Legs, consisting of .

1 Os Frontia

2 Ossa Parief 1 Os Occipitl

2 Ossa Tern poruifO)*^/^ ,

1 Os Ethmoides 1 Os Sphenoid©

2 Ossa Maxillariju] 2 Ossa Nasaliaj 2 Ossa L'achrym*, 2 Ossa Malarum,

2 OssaiPnlatiua,

2 Ossa Turbinats 1 • Os Vomer,

1 tos Maxillare It.ri

2 Mallei,

2 Incudes,

2 Ossa Orbiculaija, 2 Stapedes,

32 Dentes, or Teej!

1 OsHyoides.

Vertebras, const/1 \j

^ 24

Sternum,

24 Costte, or Bibs, «il t&g °f Ossa Inuonrinata: siting of .

tying of .

8 Incisores 4 Cuspidati,

8 Bicuspides,

8 Mol ares,

4 Dentes Sapie

■ 7 Cervical,

12 Dorsal,

5 Lumbar.

C 1 Os Ilium, 1 > 1 Os Ischium, > on each side. \ 1 Os Pubis, )

4 Bones of the Shoulders, consisting f

2 Bones of the Arms _ 2

4 Bones of the Fore-Arms, .consistingif | %

{2 Claviculse, 2 Scapula;.

Ossa Humeri.

Ulna;.

Badii.

Bones of the Carpi, consisting of . .

Iflo Bones of the Metacarpi,

[2 8 Bones of the Phalanges.

2 Ossa Cuneiformic 2 Ossa Pisiformia,

2 Ossa Trapezia, ;

2 Ossa Trapezoidea ,

2 Ossa Magna, ,

2 Ossa Unciformia.L '

2 Ossa Femorum.

4 Bones of the Tarsi, consisting of . . .

•52 Bones of the Feet, consistwg of . < „ „ , ,,

° J » 0 Bones of the Metatarsi,

:S Bones of the Phalange-s.

2 Patella?.

Tibi*,

Fibulae*

2 Ossa Calcum,

2 Astragali,

2 Ossa Cuboidea,

2 Ossa Navicularia,

2 Ossa Cuneiformia, insisting of

2 Internal, 2 Middle,

2 External.

u. S Sesamoid Bones, of which 2 belong to each Gpat Toe, and 2 to each Thumb, c* c»

TAB* X*

Mallei,

Incudes,

Ossa Orbicular.*.

Supedc.s,

Incisorcii

Cu3p'dat'»

IVicusp'des,

Mol ares

Dentes

Sapiertl*"* s 7 Cervical, ) \1 Dorsal, ^ 5 Lumbar.

Right Coronary.

Left Coronary.

Arteria Inuominata,*

Aorta,

Branches from the Arch of the Aorta,

Left Common Carotid

Left Subclavian . .

Descending

via. i

Aorta

Thoracic

Aortal i

Abdomi-

nal

L Aorta,

Right Bronchial.

Left Bronchial.

Inferior Bronchial.

(Esophageal.

Inferior lntercostals.

Right Phrenic.

Left Phrenic.

Coronary of the Stomach

ARTERIES.

Ascending Branch,

Descending Branch.

Laryngeal Branch.

Hyoidal Branch.

Dorsal of the Tongue- Sublingual.

Raninal.

Submental.

Coronaria Labiorum.

External Nasal.

Angular.

Artery to the Dura Mater.

Auricular Branch.

Cervical Branch.

Parotid Branches, anic Branch.

Mastoid Branch.

Frontal Branch.

, ^ Occipital Branch

ra * * Transverse Facial Branch.

Parietal Branch.

Anterior Auricular.

Middle Meningeal Artery.

Inferior Maxillary.

2 Deep Temporal,

Alveolar.

Infra Orbitar.

Palato-Maxillary.

Nasal Artery, or Spheno Palatine.

Ciliary Arteries.

Supra Orbitar,

Central Artery of the Retina.

TAB. III.

y- Vertebral.

L Internal Mammary.

J Cervical.

• \ Superior Intercostal, ff Inferior Thyroid,

V Supra Scapular.

" Superior Thoracic,

, Inferior Long Thoracic, J Humeral Thoracic,

\ Infra Scapul ar,

^ Posterior Circumflex, v Anterior. Circumflex,

, Brachial iial, |

Profunda Humeri Superior,

Profunda Infer Anastomoticus or, Magnus,

^ Anterior Interosseous.

Ulnar Recurrent,

Posterior Interosseous.

Dorsal Artery of the Wrist.

Superficial Palmar Arch.

Ulnar, Ulnaris Profunda.

First Digital.

Second Digital.

Third Digital.

Fourth Digital.

Communicans. y- Radial'Recurrent.

\ Superficialis Volae.

< Arcus Profundus.

I Great Artery of the Thumb. ^ Intermetacarpal Branches,

- Radial,

Coeliac, .

Hepatic

C Pancreatic,

Cyst

Superior Mesenteric,

Right Capsular.

Left Capsular.

Right Emulgent.

Left Emulgent.

Right Spermatic.

Left Spermatic.

Inferior Mesenteric,

Right Lumbar.

Left Lumbar.

[ Right Colic, •llio-Colic*.

{Left Colic.

Internal Hamorrhoidtl,/

Branches from the Termination of the Aorta,

| Right Common Iliac, S’

? g

Left 1 ° Common Iliac,

Internal

Iliac,

and

External

Iliac, r Lesser Iliac.

| Sacro-Lateral. j Umbilical.

I Inferior Vesical.

I Middle Haemorrhoidal, U terine.

Umbilical,

Obturator.

Gluteal,

Sciatic.

Pudic.

S Epi| X Circ gastric, Circumflex Iliac, hnonary f Right Pulmonary Artei-y.

Artery, ( Left Pulmonary Artery.

inioral

Superior External Pudic.

Middle External Pudic, Inferior External Pudic,

Profunda

Femoris a I

.i l

External Circumflex, Internal Circtlmflex.

Second Perforant.

Femoral f LarSe Anastomotic, fc Superior Perforant, contmued. { IuLior Perforant,

Popliteal, ^

Superior External Articular, Superior Internal Articular, Middle Articular,

Inferior External Articular, Inferior Internal Articular,

Anterior',

Tibial,

Posterior

Tibial, h

Tibial Recurrent.

Internal Malleolar.

External Malleolar,

Tarsal.

Metatarsal.

External Dorsal of the Great To®, Deep Anastomotic. f Posterior Interosseous.

I Common Fibular.

✓ External Plantar.

I Internal Plantar.

U Digital Arteries.

• This Artery divides into the right Subclavian, and sight Co,!L irotid, whose distribution e, acUy resembles that of the left Common Carotid, and Left Subclavian, which being given off separately, are described below.

ANATOMICAL

EXAMINATIONS.

Part First. Containing

THE QUESTIONS .

Section I. • *

OF ANATOMY IN GENERAL.

Question

1 Define the Science of Anatomy.

2 What is Moeuid Anatomy ?

3 Define the Science of Phy'siology.

4 What is the general Division of the component Parts

of the Human Body?

5 Enumerate the Solids of the Body.

6 What are Bones ?

7 What are Cartilages ?

8 What are Ligaments ?

9 What are Muscles ?

10 What is the Cellular Membrane?

11 What are Membranes ?

VOL. I,

Sect. L OF ANATOMY IN GENERAL.

Quest.

12 What are Vessels?

13 What are Nerves?

14 What are Glands ?

15 What are Viscera ?

16 What is the Adipose Substance ?

17 Enumerate the Fluids of the Human Body.

18 What is Blood ?

19 What is Urine ?

20 What is Perspirable Matter ?

21 What is Ceruminous Matter ?

22 What is Sebaceous Matter ?

23 What is Animal Oil?

24 What is Saliva ?

25 What are Tears ?

26 What is Mucus ?

27 What is Bile ?

28 What is the Gastric Juice?

29 What is the Semen ?

30 What is the Synovia ?

31 What is the Pancreatic Juice ?

32 By what is Milk secreted ?

33 What is Chyle?

34 What Divisions does the Science of Anatomy derive

from the individual Subjects which it considers?

35 Of what does Osteology treat?

36 Of what does Osteogeny treat?

37 Of what does Syndesmology treat ?

38 Of what does Ciiondrology treat?

39 Of what does Myology treat ?

Sect. 11. OF THE BONES IN GENERAL~

Quest.

40 Of what does Adenology treat?

41 Of what does Splanchnology treat?

42 Of what does Bursalogy treat?

43 Of what does Angiology treat?

44 Of what does Neurology treat?

Section II. Of The Bones In General

1 What is the Periosteum ?

2 What is the Perichondrium ?

3 What are the Uses of the Periosteum?

4 What is the Periosteum Internum ?

5 What is the Use of the Periosteum Internum ?

6 What are the general Classes of Bones?

7 What are the Epiphyses of Bones ?

8 What is the general Structure of Epiphyses?

9 What are the Diapiiyses of Bones ?

10 What is the general Structure of Diaphyses in

TERNALLY ?

11 What is the general Structure or Diapiiyses ex-

ternally?

12 What are the Apophyses of Bones ?

13 How do the Apophyses differ from the Epiphyses?

14 What is the intimate Structure of all Bones?

15 Are not Bones formecf in Fibres and, F/ates , or Lamella ?

16 Are Bones Vascular ?

17 WThere do their Vessels enter ?

a 2

QUESTIONS.

Sect. II. OF THE BONES IN GENERAI^

Quest.

18 What is the best Demonstration of the Vascularity of

Bones ?

19 What is the Medulla of Bones ?

20 How is it secreted ?

21 Where do the Medullary Arteries of Bones penetrate

them ?

22 What is the Use of the Medulla ?

23 What Names are given to the different Parts of Bones?

24 What are Foramina ?

25 What are Canals ?

26 What are Sinuses?

27 What are Sinuosities?

28 What are Furrows in Bones ?

29 What are Notches ?

30 What are Fossa: ?

31 What are Pits?

32 What are Glenoid Cavities ?

S3 What are Cotyloid Cavities?

34 What are the Tubercles of Bones?

35 What areTuBERosniES?

36 What are Spines?

37 What are Heads ?

38 What are Necks?

39 Wbat are Processes ?

QUESTIONS.

Sect. III. OF ARTICULATION IN GENERAL.

SECTION in.

OF ARTICULATION IN GENERAL.

Quest.

1 What is the Articulation of Bones ?

2 What are the general Classes of Articulation ?

3 What is Symphysis ?

4 What is Synarthrosis ?

5 What is Diartiirosis?

6 What are the Genera, or Subdivisions of Symphy-

sis ?

7 What are the Genera of Synarthrosis?

8 What are the Genera of Diarthrosis?

9 What is Synostosis?

10 What is Syndesmosis ?

11 What is Synchondrosis ?

12 What is Syssarcosis?

13 What is Syneurosis ?

14 What is Suture ?

15 What is Harmonia ?

16 What is Schindylesis?

17 What is Gomphosis ?

18 What is Enarthrosis ?

19 What is Arthodia ?

20 What is Amphi arthrosis ?

21 What is Ginglymus ?

22 What are the different Species of Ginglymus ?

23 What is the Ginglymus Simplex?

24 Whatis the Ginglymus Compositus ?

25 What is the Ginglymus Tbochoides ?

QUESTIONS.

Sect. IV. OF OSTEOGENY.