Sanitary engineering : a series of lectures given before the School of military engineering at Chatham, 1876

Front matter

SANITARY ENGINEERING.

PRINTED IT XHB S.M.X., AND BT WHITING, DUIB STREET, W.

SANITARY ENGINEERING.

Preface

its ranks, and the guarantee for the fitness of its members." I thoroughly concur in this view, and hope that the time is not far distant when pupils in Sanitary Engineering will be able to present themselves for examination before a competent Board of Examiners authorized to grant diplomas of proficiency. At present no such capability exists, and the public are without any guarantee that local engineers and surveyors are able to appreciate the requirements of medical science, and to take advantage of those physical conditions, geological and meteorological, which, in every locality, govern largely the character of both Air and Water.

It will afford me the greatest satisfaction if in the following pages I have made it manifest that an Engineer should be a student in those branches of Science which bear upon Health before, in the exercise of his profession, he ventures to deal with these subtle elements.

J. BAILEY DENTON.

22, Whitehall Place, London, Christmas, 1876.

Index To Plates

OPPOSITB

PLATE PAGE

I. Section showing the Water Service to, and the Discharge of Liquid Refuse from, the Dwelling ; Ventilation of Soil Pipe of "Water- Closets, Sewer, and Traps ; and Arrangement to prevent Damp in

Basement Floors of Dwellings ... ... ... 56

II. Plan showing the Discharge and Disposal of Liquid

Refuse from a Country (isolated) Mansion ... 58

III. Combined Arrangement of Private Communicating

IV. Ventilating Cowls 108

V. Water Supply Arrangement adopted at Gorham-

VI. Hydraulic Machines .. . ... ... ... ... 134

VII. Underground Tanks .. . ... ... ... ... 142

VIII. Domestic Filtration : Sketch showing the Relative

Positions of Filters used for Roof Waters ... 144

IX. Brick and Concrete Sewers ... ... ... ... 190

IX.a River Crossing 198

X. Manholes and Ventilators for Sewers ... ... 200

XII. Lampholes 200

XIII. Flushing Arrangements of Sewers... ... ... 202

XIV. Gullies 210

INDEX TO PLATES.

OPPOblTB PAGB.

XV. Overflow Weir for Storm Water. Junction of

XVI Liemur's Sewerage System (Pneumatic Subdivision) 294 XVII. Sections showing Formation of Surface for Irrigation and Intermittent Filtration ... ... ... 314

XVIII. Plan of Kendal Filtering Areas 332

XIX. Sewage-distributing Arrangements at Kendal ... 332 XX. Plan showing the Sewerage adopted at Abingdon and the Lands taken for the Cleansing of the Sewage ... ... ... ... ... ... 340

IN APPENDIX.

I. Diagram showing the decline of Water under

II. The Self-Acting Sewage Regulator ... ... 384

III. Plan of Sewerage and Sewage Disposal at Eastwick

Mansion and Village, near Letherhead . . . 384

CONTENTS IN SECTIONS.

(For Index, see end.)

DIVISION I.

AIE.

I. Constituents of normal air.

II. Attainable standard of air.

III. Quantity of air respired by human beings.

IV. Oxygen.

V. Carbonic acid.

VI. Foreign matters polluting the air.

VII. Agencies counteracting the pollution of air. VIII. Ground air.

IX. Malaria.

X. Cai'bonic acid as the measure of impurity of air. XI. The duty of the engineer in relation to air. XII. Dry and wet soils compared.

XIII. Wet soils injurious to the general health of districts,

rural as well as urban.

XIV. Improved temperature of the atmosphere immediately

incumbent on surfaces secured by the drainage of the subsoil.

XV. The maintenance of pure ground air, and superincumbent air, by the under- drain age of the soil surrounding and beneath dwellings, an object only inferior in importance to the removal of putrescible matters.

X.