Army dentistry; Forsyth lectures for the Army Dental Reserve Corps

Front matter

V COLUMBIA LIBRARIES OFFSITE

HEALTH SCIENCES STANDARD

Atresias are caused by excessive union beyond the normal and as a result we get partial or complete closure of the facial orifices.

Foreword

The Forsyth Dental Infirmary, the first infirmary of its kind, dedicated to the children of the world by John Hamilton and Thomas Alexander Forsyth in memory of their brothers, James Bennett and George Henry Forsyth, was incorporated in 1910 by a Special Act of the Massachusetts Legislature. The objects of the institution have been summarized as follows: (a) to educate patents, teachers, nurses, and children in the hygienic value of healthy mouths and sound teeth, and to furnish instruction as to the best methods of securing the same ; (b) to prevent dental caries by oral prophylaxis and by the care and preservation of the temporary teeth; (c) to investigate the causes and to study the prevention of oral diseases and caries of the teeth; (d) to remedy, so far as possible, existing conditions of dental caries and other oral diseases; (e) to establish and promulgate a higher standard of dental asepsis ; (/) to furnish for the dental profession an opportunity for charitable work and for the educative experience of a large clinic.

The Institution consists of many different departments, such as surgical, extracting, orthodontia, Roentgen-ray, research, oral hygiene, library and museum, clinical, etc., embodying a breadth of professional vision unsurpassed in the world. It is ideal for children, dentists, and soldiers. In fact, the Forsyth Infirmary, on account of its modern equipment and excellent staff, has been accepted by the War Department as a Base Hospital for the care of jaw wounds in soldiers returning from the present world's war.

In view of the spirit which moved the founders to w

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FOREWORD ix

erect this Institution for such worthy aims, it was not strange that the Forsyth Institute should realize its wider possibilities for good when the nation mobilized its youth for war. At the time when war was imminent with Mexico and the Massachusetts militia was called to the colors, in compliance with the request of the Mayor of Boston arrangements were perfected for a free dental service to all members of the Ninth Regiment, Mass.N.G., during Saturday and Sunday, June 24th and 25th. The members of the Visiting Staff were called in addition to those of the regular staff, and the entire 65 chairs in the Infirmary were in constant use throughout the two days. During this time 2,632 operations were performed.

This patriotic service brought forth words of highest praise from the military heads of Massachusetts. Many men who would otherwise be unfit for military service were treated and made efficient soldiers by the proper attention to their mouths.

With a similar end in view the Institution conducted a course in Army Dentistry for the benefit of those dentists who might desire to enter the service of the government in its present crisis. The greater number of the chapters in this book are taken from the lectures then given at the Forsyth Dental Infirmary. They adhere as closely as possible to the following course, which has been authorized by the Surgeon General of the Army and Navy.

PREPAREDNESS LEAGUE

Exhibit "A"

The following course of instruction is suggested for the preparation of candidates to enable them to meet the examination requirements for admission to the Dental Reserve Corps of the Army and Navy in conformity with Dental Section from Synopsis of General Order No. 32, 1916, Officers' Reserve Corps.

FOREWORD xi

Dental Section. All Gkades

Outline of Subjects

1. Administration.— Army regulations, so far as they relate to the dentist as an officer of the army.

Manual for the medical department so far as it relates to the duties of the dental corps.

Director Cross of Forsyth

Major Jones, U. S. A., Dr. Johnson,

Contributor Trustee of Forsyth

(Blanks should be furnished and applicants required to exemplify their use in the preparation of reports and returns.)

2. Technical Professional Subjects. — These are prescribed by the Surgeon General, as follows:

Asepsis and antisepsis in relation to wounds involving the mouth and jaws.

Oral hygiene in relation to wound infection.

Nose and Throat Operating Room.

Amphitheater.

FOREWORD xiii

Anesthesia. — (a) review of the pharmacology and teclmic of administration of ether, chloroform, nitrous oxid, nitrous oxid and oxygen, etc., when used as general anesthetic agents; (b) review of the pharmacology and teclmic of administration of cocain, novocain and their coproducts for the induction of local anesthesia.

Dental and oral prosthesis. — (a) as related to the loss of the hard and soft tissues resulting from wounds involving the mouth and jaws; (/>) the mechanical treatment of fractures of the jaws by wiring and splinting, and the teclmic of splint construction; (c) the dental preparation for subsequent operations by the surgical staff.

Dental and oral practice in the army and navy. — (a) in relation to the service; (b) in relation to the Administration and Supply Department; (c) in relation to other military duties of dental surgeons.

3. Military Law. — Manual for Courts-Martial (official).

Note. Lectures under Section 1 — Dental and Oral Practice in the Army; of Section 2 and Section 3 — Military Law, to be given by an Army Dental Surgeon; the time occupied for this part of the course to involve not less than two, nor more than ten, days of the course.

Approved by

Robert E. Noble,

Major M. C, U. S. A.,

for the Surgeon General.

Heartily approved,

W. S. Braisted, Surgeon General, U. S. N.

XIV

FOREWORD

FORSYTH LECTURE COURSE

These lectures were attended by over 600 practicing dentists. The course was very intensive, lasting for six consecutive days from 9 a. m. to 7 p. m., and including lectures, clinics, etc.

Before taking the course each man was informed that at its completion he was expected to take his examina-

First Class of Dentists Attending Lectures for the U. S. A.

tion for the United States Army immediately and be ready for duty in France at once. Not one applicant refused to take the course. In fact, at the present time all the resources of the examining board have been strained to the breaking point in examining dentists eager to qualify as army dental surgeons.

It is hoped that the compilation of these lectures in., book form will aid many dentists throughout the country

Militiamen on Steps at Forsyth Waiting for Dental Services

Militiamen Being Treated by Forsyth Staff.

Militiaman Receiving Dental Treatment.

Trustees of Forsyth Dental infirmary.

Left to Right, Standing: Dr. Ernest A. Johnson, Dr. Harold Williams, Dr. .John F. Dowsley, Dr. Gurdon Mackav, Mr. Nelson Curtis, Dr. Harold DeWitt Cross, Dr. Timothy Leary. Left to Right, Sated: Mr. Edward Hamlin, Mr. Thomas Alexander Forsyth, Presnl nt. Mr. Chester B. Humphrey.

xvi

FOREWORD xvii

who were unable to profit by these lectures, to prepare for the Army Dental Corps.

It should be remembered that the book is not intended as a complete text-book but rather a compendium of dental information for review purposes.

We prophesy that our dentists serving in the army for their country and homes will make an enviable reputation and place dentistry in a secure position as one of the noblest and most worthy professions. As Americans and dentists we live to serve our country and our profession. If this book, which is a pioneer in the field of military dentistry, shall enable anyone who reads it to render more efficient service, it will have served its purpose and justified its existence.

The editor wishes here to acknowledge his indebtedness to the various contributors and to the Director and Trustees of the Forsyth Dental Infirmary, without whose help and encouragement the work would not have been possible.

Frederick A. Keyes, D.M.D. 416 Marlborough Street,

Boston, Mass.

December, 1917.

LIST OF COLLABORATORS

HARRY H. GERMAIN, M.D.

Former Professor of Anatomy, Tufts Medical School.

GEORGE VAX NESS DEARBORN, Ph.D.

Instructor in Psychology and Education, Sargent Normal School;

Physiologist and Psychologist to the Forsyth Dental

Infirmary for Children.

PERCY R. HOWE, D.M.D.

Member Research Department, Forsyth Dental Infirmary.

FRANK G. WHEATLEY, A.M., M.D.

Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Tufts Medical School.

WILLIAM E. PREBLE, M.D.

Assistant Visiting Physician, Boston Dispensaiy Medical Department.

HAROLD DeWITT CROSS, D.M.D.

Former Assistant Professor of Prosthetic Dentistry, Harvard Dental

School; Director Forsyth Dental Infirmary.

ALBERT L. MIDGLEY, D.M.D.

Lecturer on Dentistry, Harvard University Dental School; Oral Surgeon, Forsyth Dental Infirmary; Lecturer on Surgery, Forsyth Ti'aining School, Boston; Dental Surgeon, Rhode Island Hospital; Dental Surgeon, St. Joseph's Hospital; Oral Sm'geon, John W. Keefe Surgery; Consulting!' Dental Surgeon, St. Vincent's Infant Asylum, Providence.

BYRON HOWARD STROUT, D.D.S.

Instructor Tufts Dental School.

WILLIAM A. GOBIE, D.M.D.

Resident Exodontist, Forsyth Dental Infirmary.

JAMES J. HEPBURN, M.D.

Visiting Surgeon, Boston City Hospital.

FREEMAN' ALLEN, M.D.

Consulting Anesthetist, Massachusetts General Hospital, Children;

and Free Hospital for Women.

xix xx LIST OF COLLABORATORS

FREDERICK W. O'BRIEN.

Assislaul Professor Roentgenology, Tufts Medical School; Visiting

and Boston Consumptives' Hospital; Member of the

American Roentgen Ray Society.

WILLIAM E. CHENERY, A.B., M.D.

Professor Laryngology, Tufts Medical School; Laryngologist to the

Boston Dispensary, St. Elizabeth's Hospital and (lie

Forsyth Dental Infirmary.

HOWARD H. SMITH, M.D.

Professor of Materia Medica, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy.

HARRY SHUMAN, D.M.D.

Former Instructor and Lecturer in Oral Surgery, Harvard Dental

School; Visiting Oral Surgeon, Forsyth Dental Infirmary.

MAJOR FREDERICK L. JONES, U. S. A.

Editor FREDERICK A. KEYES, D.M.D.

Past Visiting Dentist, St. Vincent's Orphanage, Boston; Consulting

Dentist, Medfield State Hospital; Librarian and Curator of

Museum, Forsyth Dental Infirmary, Boston.

Contents

CHAPTER PAGE

I. Surgical Anatomy of the Mouth .... 1

II. Recent Advances in Physiology 85