An American text-book of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat;

Front matter

Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library

AN AMERICAN TEXT-BOOK OF DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT

EDITED BY

Preface

This book is offered to students and practitioners of medicine and surgery in general, and to those especially interested in the subjects of which it treats in particular, in the hope that it may take rank with the other volumes of the " American Text-book " series, which have demonstrated their worth and have had their reward in the appreciative reception which has been accorded to them.

In the portion of the work devoted to the Eye, its Embryology, Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Diseases, and Injuries are discussed in twenty-four sections by twenty-four authors ; its Operative Surgery in seven sections by as many authors ; while certain practical details in the Examination for Color-blindness among Railroad Employes, etc., receive attention in au Appendix containing five sections.

In the portion of the work devoted to the Ear, its Anatomy, Physiology, Diseases, and Injuries are discussed in thirteen sections by fourteen authors ; while Diseases of the Nose and Throat are described in twenty sections by nineteen authors.

Certain novel features, not usually found in text-books, may be noted : Special articles on The Standards of Form and Color-vision Recpiired in Railway Service, The Rontgen Rays in Ophthalmic Surgery, The Practice of Ophthalmic Operations on Animals' Eyes, The Most Important Micro-organisms having Etiological Relationship to Ocular Disorders, etc.

It is unnecessary to discuss the " collaboration-method " thus employed, which has too often demonstrated its value to need either defence or explanation in this place, except to point out its greatest use, and the one to which no doubt it is indebted for its success — namely, that by its means, in the words of Dr. W. H. Howell, " the student gains the point of view of a number of teachers, reaping, in a measure, the same benefit as would be obtained by following courses of instruction under different teachers."

This work is essentially a text-book on the one hand, and, on the other, a volume of reference to which the practitioner may turn and find a series of articles written by men who are authorities on the subjects portrayed by them. Therefore the practical side of the question has been brought into prominence — i. e. Functional Testing, Etiology, Symptomatology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, but never to the neglect of Pathology or the important facts comprised in the special chapters on Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology, Physiological

8 PREFA CE.

Optics, etc., to which, indeed, special attention is directed. Tims it is hoped that the student will receive not only the point of view of a number of teachers, but a number of points of view of each subject.

A word should be said with reference to the effort to comprise within one volume studies of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat — an effort which may challenge criticism in this day of highly differentiated specialties. Yet it has seemed to the Editors that each of these branches could receive text-book treatment within the space here assigned, while their important correlations could be better brought out by such juxtaposition. Specialism has often been carried much too far in the exclusion of attention to the adjacent fields. The oculist cannot dispense with a fair working knowledge of affections of the nose and its accessory cavities ; nor should the aurist have to learn at second hand the important teachings of the ophthalmoscope as to his cases. Indeed, no practitioner, general or special, should be unfamiliar with all the types of disease and the most precise methods of their study, for it must often happen that he cannot avail himself of help from others. He should, like Brougham's educated man, " know a little of everything and all about some one thing." The latter part, as to the specialties here treated, the reader must seek in more voluminous encyclopedic works ; but it is hoped that the labors of the eminent teachers here brought shoulder to shoulder will afford a good introduction for the beginner, as before stated, a valuable handy reference-book for the practitioner, and at least cjuicken some weakening memories in the advanced specialist.

Each author is responsible for the statements and opinions in his article ; occasional editorial comment is always suitably marked. For the most part, wherever the same subject receives consideration in different articles, cross references have been supplied, again with the idea of facilitating a study of the point of view. It seems proper to note that there has been complete division of the editorial labor and responsibility, that of the Ophthalmic portion being assumed by Dr. de Schweinitz, and that of the Otological and Laryngological sections by Dr. Randall.

We have to note and deplore the loss to ourselves and to the profession in the death, during the preparation of this work, of Dr. Harrison Allen, robbing us of his finishing touches to his own contribution and the continuance of his friendly counsel as to other portions of the book. Of the greater loss in his many fields of activity we cannot here speak.

In conclusion, the Editors desire to express their hearty thanks to all the contributors for their uniform courtesy and for the presentation of the subjects entrusted to them in a manner which, they feel sure, cannot fail to be satisfactory to students. Also, their thanks are due to Mr. T. F. Dagney and Mr. R. W. Greene for their efficient aid and constant kindness.

1401 Locust Street, ■> 1604 Walnut Street, i

Philadelphia.

February. 1899.

Part I.— The Eye. Page

EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND HISTOLOGY OF THE EYE . . 17

By George A. Piersol, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

By Albert P. Brubaker, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa,

GENERAL OPTICAL PRINCIPLES: KATOPTRICS, DIOPTRICS,

PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS 102

By William S. Dennett, M. D., and Colman Ward Cutler, M. D., New York City.

EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT AND EXTERNAL EXAMI- NATION OF THE EYE; FUNCTIONAL TESTING ... 142

By G. E. de Schweinitz, A. M., M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

THE OPHTHALMOSCOPE AND ITS USE; THE NORMAL EYE- GROUND 171

By B. Alex. Randall, A. M.; M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

METHODS OF DETERMINING THE REFRACTION OF THE EYE: OPHTHALMOMETRY; OPHTHALMOSCOPY, SKI- ASCOPY, OPTOMETRY; THE USE OF MYDRIATICS. . 196

By Edward Jackson, A. M., M. D., Denver, Col.

NORMAL AND ABNORMAL REFRACTION: EMMETROPIA, AMETROPIA, HYPEROPIA, MYOPIA, ASTIGMATISM, PRESBYOPIA 212

By Edward Jackson, A. M., M. D., Denver, Col.

SPECTACLES AND THEIR ADJUSTMENT 236

By R. J. Phillips, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

By B. L. Millikin, M. D., Cleveland, Ohio.

By Samuel Thkobald, M. D., Baltimore, Md.

By John E. Weeks, M. D., New York City.

By Swan M. Burnett, M. D., Ph. D., Washington, D. C.

10 CONTENTS.

PAGE

DISEASES OF THE IRIS, CILIARY BODY, AND CHOROID;

SYMPATHETIC INFLAMMATION AND IRRITATION . 331

By Robert L. Randolph, M. D., Baltimore, Md.

By Alvin A. Hubbell, M. D., Ph. P., Buffalo. N. Y.

By J. A. Lippincott, A. B., M. D., Pittsburg, Pa.

DISEASES OF THE CRYSTALLINE LENS 386

By William E. Hopkins, M. I)., San Francisco, Cal.

By Flemming ('arrow, M. D., Ann Arbor, Mich.

By Lucien Howe, M. D., Buffalo, X. Y.

By Harold Gifford, M. D., Omaha, Neb.

AMBLYOPIA, AMAUROSIS, AND DISTURBANCES OF VISION

WITHOUT OPHTHALMOSCOPIC CHANGE 457

By Casey A. Wood, M. D, Chicago, III.

AMBLYOPIA OF THE VISUAL FIELD, SCOTOMAS, AND HEMI-

ANOPIA 470

By H. V. Wurdemann, M. I>., Milwaukee, Wis.

By Ward A. IIolden, A. M., M. D., New York City.

MOVEMENTS OF THE EYEBALLS, AND THEIR ANOMALIES 4!>7 By Alexander Duane, M. I)., New York City.

By F. Buller, M. P., Montreal, Canada.

OPERATIONS 58o,

Preparation of the Region of Operation, the Instruments, and the

Dressings; Anesthesia 539

By G. E. de Schweinitz, A. M., M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

By F. C. II.itz, M. II, Chicago, 111.

Operations upon the Conjunctiva, Cornea, and Sclera; Enucleation

and Evisceration 5(;i

By Charles \V. Kollock, M. D., Charleston, S. < '.

Operations upon the Iris and the Crystalline Body 574

By Herman Knapp, M. D., New York City.

By S. C Ayres, M. D., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Operations upon the Lachrymal Apparatus 59(5

By Samuel Theobald, M. D., Baltimore, Md.

CONTENTS. 11

PAGE

Operations upon the Orbit . 599

By F. Buller, M. D., Montreal, Canada.

APPENDIX 603

The Methods for Detecting Color-blindness, with Special Reference to the Examination of Railroad Employes 603

By J. Ellis Jennings, M. D., St. Louis, Mo.

Standards of Form and Color-vision Required in Railway Service . 605 By A. G. Thomson, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

The Rontgen Rays in Ophthalmic Surgery 607

By William M. Sweet, M. I)., Philadelphia, Pa.

The Practice of Ophthalmic Operations on Animals' Eyes 611

By Clarence A. Veasey, A. M., M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

The Most Important Micro-organisms having Etiological Relationship to Ocular Diseases 614a

By G. E. de Schweinitz, A.M., M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Part Ii.— The Ear. The Anatomy Op The Ear, Including Embryology

AND HISTOLOGY 617

By B. Alex. Randall, M. A., M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.

By Frank Allport, M. D., Chicago, 111., and R. O. Beard, M. D., Minneapolis, Minn.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF EAR AFFECTIONS 647

By C. R. Holmes, M. D., Cincinnati, Ohio.

EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS; SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS; INSTRUMENTS NEEDED, AND METHODS OF THEIR EMPLOYMENT 665

By John E. Sheppard, M. D., Brooklyn, N. Y.

THE GENERAL THERAPEUTICS OF EAR AFFECTIONS .... 684 By Clarence J. Blake, M. D., Boston, Mass.

By Samuel Theobald, M. D., Baltimore, Md.

By H. V. Wurdemann, M. D., Milwaukee, Wis.

ACUTE AFFECTIONS OF THE TYMPANIC CAVITY AND EU- STACHIAN TUBE 715

By Horace G. Miller, A. M., M. D., Providence, R. I.

12 CONTENTS.

PAGE

By Edward B. Dench, Ph. B., M. I)., New York I iiv.

CHRONIC SUPPURATION OF THE MIDDLE FAR 739

By Albert II. Buck, M. D., New York City.

By Herman Knapp, M. D., New York City.

By Henry A. Aldertox, M. D., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bv J. Oune Green, A. M., M. D., Boston. Mass.