A manual of historical literature : comprising brief descriptions of the most important histories in English, French and German, together with practical suggestions as to methods and courses of historical study ...

Front matter

A MANUAL

OF

COMPRISING

Preface

What histories shall I read with most profit? What historical books shall I put into the hands of my son and my daughter ? What course and what methods will be most advantageous to our historical club ? What histories shall we buy for our town and college libraries ? What shall I buy for my own library ?

These are questions that, in one form or another, I have often heard asked ; but I have sought in vain for a volume that would answer them. Of books about books there is certainly no scarcity ; but in all the twenty thousand volumes which a distinguished librarian recently declared to be necessary for the proper bibliographical outfit for a great public library, I do not know of one that can be put into the hands of a student of general history with any justifiable confidence that it will guide him aright in the prosecution of his researches. But for the want of such a volume, I should not have ventured to undertake what may seem to many like trying to add to the infinite.

The need which seemed to justify the undertaking has given form to the work produced. It has been my constant desire and aim to provide a book such as would have been of most service fco me when, as a university student, I was reaching out in various directions for help in carrying on my historical studies. What I then wanted was guidance in the selection of books ; and such guidance involved not simply critical reviews, but also careful descriptions and characterizations ; not only information whether a given book approached an ideal standard of excellence, but also whether it was the best authority accessible on the subject vi PREFACE.

which I wished to know something about; not only, in fine, to what additions and subtractions I ought to subject a certain writer's works, in case I should read them, but also whether, in the bewildering number of attractive volumes about me, it was worth my while to read that particular writer's works at all. I cannot doubt, that the lack of some such suitable guidance is responsible for an enormous waste of good intentions.

The want to which I refer is not, in my opinion, to be supplied by the issue of dogmatic rules and directions. I have not much faith in so-called " courses of reading," for the reason that the very habit of independent inquiry and research necessary for successful scholarship rebels against the oppression of any prescribed order of study. The best, therefore, that can be done for the reader is simply to give him such information as will be most likely to lead him to the knowledge he is in search of.

Acting upon these beliefs, I have endeavored, in the preparation of this work, to accomplish two more or less distinct purposes. In the first place, it has been my aim to furnish, as best I could, such information about the most desirable books as the historical reader and student is likely to profit by ; and, in the second, to suggest the proper methods and order of using the materials so indicated. Accordingly, each of the chapters, except the Introduction, consists of two parts; the first being devoted to descriptions of books, and the second to suggestions to students and readers as to the best order and method of using them. These suggestions are to be regarded as hints rather than as specific directions, and it is hoped that they will not be without value to those for whom they are designed. To prevent the necessity on the part of the student of frequently turning to other portions of the volume, I have thought it wise, even at the expense of some repetition, to bring together into brief and convenient space in the " Suggestions " expressions of opinion sometimes more elaborately given in other portions of the work.

For reasons too obvious to need explanation, the portions devoted to the historical literature of Endand and of the United

PREFACE. vii

States have been made more comprehensive in scope than any others. In the thirteenth and fourteenth chapters, under the head of " Suggestions to Students and Readers/' I have given a much more extended account of sources of information than was elsewhere deemed desirable. I have also embodied in each of these chapters a number of pages designed especially to assist such students as are making a thorough study of the constitutional history of England and of the United States. It is hoped that these suggestions and the numerous references they contain will prove not the least helpful portion of the volume.

Perhaps it is hardly necessary to say that it has not been my purpose to give an exhaustive bibliography of the historical literature of any of the nations concerning which I have written. To accomplish such a task would have been impossible, even if it had been desirable. The effort has been simply to select from the almost overwhelming abundance of materials a considerable number of the most desirable books, and to describe them in such a way as to enable the student and reader to judge of their peculiarities and of their desirableness, as well as of their general merits.

In the process of selection, two considerations have been predominant. The first has been the question of merit, the other the question of accessibility. In a few instances, books not easy to be procured have been described solely on account of their great importance. These form a small class, of which Arthur Young's "Travels in France" may serve as a good example. Occasionally, also, a work like Rollin's "Ancient History" has been briefly described only to be condemned, for no other reason than because it is to be found in every book-stall, and is likely to be thrust before the buyer at every book sale. But these are to be regarded as exceptional cases. In general, the most important historical works are easily accessible ; and, therefore, it has not often been found necessary to select for description a work that is diflScult to procure, or one that is without some characteristics of marked excellence.

In dealing with books in French and German, I have sometimes viii PREFACE.

given the title in tlie original and sometimes in English. If I had been writing exclusively, or even mainly, for those who know French and German, I should, of course, in all cases have given the titles in the original language. But it seemed to me that the interests of good scholarship would be subserved by striving to render assistance to the largest practicable number of persons, rather than by limiting the usefulness of any considerable portion of the work to those who are familiar with the languages of France and Germany. In all cases, therefore, where a good translation has been made, the title has been given in English. Where the translation is not conspicuous, either for its merits or its defects, the question has been determined by the consideration of accessibility. In such cases the language of the version most easy to be procured has been adopted. In case a translation is notably poor, the titlef has been given in the original language, but the fact of the existence of a translation has been indicated.

In determining the order in which books on a given subject, or in a given group, should be placed in the volume, I have also thought it wise not to be governed by a strict uniformity of method. Under the head of " General Histories " the alphabetical order seemed the most natural and desirable. But in those portions of the work which are devoted to " Histories of Limited Periods" the chronological order appeared to be most conducive to the convenience of the student. Some of the books described it has been found impossible to subject to a strict classification ; and, therefore, in some instances a title may be found where in advance it would not be looked for. With the help of the index, however, the student will have no difficulty in finding whatever the volume contains.

Many of the works described have been published in two or more editions. The principle of selection has been precisely that which would guide me in giving private advice to a student seeking information. Even at the risk of giving offence, I have not hesitated to condemn a reprint of an early edition when a revised and improved edition is accessible. The aim, in all cases, has

PREFACE. ix

been to indicate the best ; and, in general, where there are two or more editions, each having peculiar characteristics of excellence, the fact has been noted, and the peculiarities of each have been pointed out.

It will be found that there is considerable variety in the length and minuteness of the descriptions. If this variety should seem to any one to be too marked, I have only to say, in explanation, that while the question involved is one on which probably no two persons would agree, it is certain that every one would deem it very unwise to give to all the books worthy of mention the same space that might properly be given to those of Gibbon and Macaulay or to those of Buckle and Bancroft. In general, it has seemed to me that the fulness of the descriptions should be determined by the twofold consideration of the inherent merits of the work under review, and of the extent to which the historical student is likely to use it in the course of his investigations. Von Hammer -Purgstall's great work on Turkey is even more important, in its way, than Hildreth's "History of the United States;" but there are obvious reasons why, in a work of this kind, it should occupy less space.

I do not dare to hope that I have committed no errors in the perplexing task of determining what authors and books to admit to these pages and what to exclude from them. The difficulties of decision have often been very great; and I am fully aware that in a volume of this kind, not intended to be all-comprehensive in its scope, I am providing certain disappointment for a very considerable number of readers. For all such I have no better word in the way of answer than that of Quintilian which I have placed on the title-page. If I did not hope that the book would be judged for what it contains rather than for what it omits, I should have no courage to give it to the public.

It remains only to add a few words of grateful acknowledgment.

This volume owes its origin to the suggestion of President White, of Cornell University, who, some five years ago, did me

X PEEFACE.

the honor to propose to share with me the labors and the responsibilities of preparing a work similar in character to the one now laid before the public. I began my part of the preparatory study in the hope and expectation that our names would appear together on the title-page; but we had not progressed very far when he was called to the making of history at a foreign court, while I was left to talk and write about it at home. The result has been that, although I have had the advantage of hi| frequent advice and his constant encouragement, I am not able to throw upon his broad shoulders any of the responsibilities for the defects of the work.

For access to many of the books described I am indebted to the unstinted courtesy of the Superintendent and of the librarians of the Astor Library in New York I also owe anebt of gratitude to the Librarian and to all of the assistants in the Library of the University of Michigan for the hearty generosity and the imperturbable cheerfulness with which they have ministered to my numerous and multiform necessities. It is likewise my duty as well as my pleasure to acknowledge that I have received valuable suggestions from Acting President Frieze of this university, and from my colleagues Professors Isaac N. Demmon, Martin L. D'Ooge, Albert H. Pattengill, Elisha Jones, Richard Hudson, Herbert Tuttle, and Henry C. Adams. In the preparation of the chapter on " Histories of England" I received the more active assistance of Mr. Charles Mills Gayley, whose scholarship both as a pupil and as a colleague has been at once a source of satisfaction and a source of advantage. For the verification of the numerous references in the last two chapters of the volume I am indebted to Mr. Carril M. Coe, one of the assistants in the University Library. By means of the suggestions and the help for which I am under great obligations, I have been able to make some important additions to the volume, and to correct some errors that otherwise might have escaped my attention.

University of Michigan, Ann Akbor, December 15, 1881.

Introduction

ON THE STUDY OF HISTORY.

PAQB

"-Increasing Prevalence of Historical Studies 1

The Rational Nature of this Tendency 2

Limitations of History as a Disciplinary Study 3

'^Vhy History cannot Become an Exact Science 4

The Impossibility of an Exact KnoAvledge of Causes 4

The Element of Individuajity 5

The Fundamental Error of Comte and his School 5

Some of the Inconsistencies of Buckle 6

Difficulties in the Way of Exact Truth , *?

Untrustworthiness of Government Documents 8

Examples of Carelessness in the Writing of History : 8

Importance of some Accidental Discoveries 9

The De Quadra Letter and the Dalrympie Memorials 9

Inadequate Evidence even of Judicial Decisions 10

The Journal of Dr. Manasseh Cutler ♦ 11

Iconoclastic Tendencies of Modern Criticism 12

Conclusion to be Adopted and Conclusion to be Rejected. 13

Similarity of Historical Evidence to Evidence in Common Life 14

Why History is especially Improving to the Judgment 15

Why History is the Best School for Statesmanship 16

"Certain Special Advantages in Historical Study 16

Effect of an Understanding of the Unity of the Race 17

Necessity of Greater Historical Knowledge in America 18

The Relations of States to the Problem of Education 18

Problems of Economy and Finance 21

Growing Power of Corporations 22

Condition of our Municipal Governments 28

The Flexibility of our Institutions 24

^How shall History be Studied ? 24

The Place of the Study of General History , , 26

; xii CONTENTS.

; PAGE

I Methods of Instruction 25

j Lesson from the Unity of History 26

I Discrimination between the Important and the Unimportant 27

! ^^VThe Place of Artificial Helps 28

I -^he Best Method of Studying General History , 29

I The Study of a Single National Life 29

The Last Step in the Student's Course 29

Necessity of Exactness in All our Work 30

Chapter II- [ UNIVERSAL HISTORIES

■ I. NARRATIVE HISTORIES.

Assmann's Handbuch der allgemeinen Geschichte 31

Becker's Weltgeschichte 32

Bossuet's L'Histoire Universelle 32

Cantu's Histoire Universelle 33

Daunou's Cours d'Etudes Historiques 34

Dew's Ancient and Modern Nations 34

^ Freeman's General Sketch of History , 35

t Oger's Cours d'Histoire Generale 35

!' Oncken's Allgemeine Geschichte '. 36

Prevost-Paradol's Histoire Universelle 37

-" Rottgck's History of the World 37

Schl^er's Weltgeschichte 38

^ Swinton's Outlines of the World's History 38

Thalheimer's Manual of Ancient and Modern History 39

Tytler and Nares's Universal History 39

Weber's Allgemeine Geschichte 40

Weber's Lehrbuch der Weltgeschichte 40

Weber's Outlines of Universal History 41

11. HISTORIES OF CIVILIZATION AND PROGRESS.

; Blakey's History of Political Literature 42

Blanqui's History of Political Economy 42

{ SoJl^'s Hand-book of Universal Literature 43

f Carriere's Culturentwickelung 43

r. Draper's Intellectual Development of Europe 44

I Fergusson's History of Architecture 44

Freeman's Historical Geography of Europe 45

i Gaume's Histoire de la Societe Domestique 46

: Guizot's History of Civilization in Europe 46

Henry's Histoire de I'Eloquence 47

I ^ Janet's Histoire de la Philosophic Morale et Politique. , 47

i Kugler's Hand-book of Painting 48

CONTENTS. xiii

PAGB

La Harpe's Coiirs de Litterature , . . . 49

Laurent^s Histoire de I'Humanite 49

Liibke's History of Art 51

May's History of Democracy in Europe 51 I

Paroz's Histoire de la Pedagogic 51

Schlegel's Dramatic Art and Literature 52

Schlegel's History of Literature ^ . . 63

Schnaase's Geschichte der bildenden Kiinste 54

Schmidt's Geschichte der Padagogik 54

Ueberweg's History of Philosophy 55

Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences 56

Woltmann and Woermann's History of Painting 56

HI. WORKS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTOKY.

Bisset's Essays on Historical Truth ; 57

Buckle's History of Civilization 57

Comte's Positive Philosophy 60

Droysen's Grundriss der Historik -. 61

Flint's Philosophy of History 61

jHegel's Philosophy of History 62

Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws , 63

Schlegel's Philosophy of History 65

IV. SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND KEADEES..

1. A Short Course of Study 66

2. A Longer Course of Study 66

Chapter III. HISTORIES OF ANTIQUITY

I. GENERAL HISTORIES.

Duncker's History of Antiquity 71

Heeren's Historical Researches into Principal Nations of Antiquity 71

Lenormant and Chevalier's Ancient History 72

Niebuhr's Ancient History 72

Rawlinson's Manual 73

Rollm^s Ancient History 73

Smith's Ancient History of the East 74

Smith's History of the World 74

II. SPECIAL HISTORIES.

Birch's Records of the Past ; 75

Brunch Bey's History of Egypt 76 xiv CONTENTS.

PAGE

Ewald^s History of Israel '76

Josephus, Works of 16

Milmaa's History of the Jews 11

Rawlins on^s Five Great Monarchies 18

RawUn^Q^'s Sixth Great Monarchy '79

Ra^wlingoji's Seventh Great Monarchy 79

Stanley^s Lectures on the Jewish Church 19

Wilkinson's Ancient Egyptians 80

III. HISTOEIES OF CIVILIZATION AND PKOGEESS.

C[arke.'s Ten Great Rehgions 80

Cox's Mythology of the Aryan Nations 80

DgllingeE,'s The Gentile and the Jew 81

Lubbock's Prehistoric Times 81

Lubbock's Origin of Civilization 82

McLennan's Studies in Ancient History 82

Maine's Ancient Law 83

Maine's Early History of.Institutions 83

Maine^s Village Communities ► 83

^N^Morgan's Ancient Society 84

" Tylor's Early History of Mankind 84

Tylor's Primitive Culture 85

Wallon's Histoire de TEsclavage 85

IV. SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND READERS.

Chapter IV. H STORIES OF GREECE

I. GENERAL HISTORIES.

Cox's General History 88

Cox's History of Greece „ 88

Curtius's History of Greece 89

Felton's Greece, Ancient and Modern 90

Grote's History of Greece 91

Mitford^s History of Greece 91

Smith's History of Greece 92

Thirlwall's History of Greece 92

II. HISTORIES OF LIMITED PERIODS.

Benjamin's Troy 93

Miiller's Dorians, 93

J_

CONTENTS. XV

PAGE

Cox^s Greeks and Persians 94

Cox's Athenian Empire 94

Herodotus's History 95

Xenophon's Works 96

Thucydides's Peloponnesian War 97

Plutarch's Lives 98

Lloyd's Age of Pericles „ . . . 99

Schafer's Demosthenes und seine Zeit 99

Curteis's Rise of the Macedonian Empire 100

Droysen's Geschichte des Hellenismus 100

Polybius's General History 101

Freeman's History of Greek Confederacies 102

rinlay_'s Greece in the Middle Ages , 102

III. HISTORIES OF CIVILIZATION AND PROGRESS.

Blumner's Technologic und Terminologie 103

Boeckh's Public Economy of the Athenians. . , 103

Coulanges's The Ancient City 1 04

Geddes's Problem of the Homeric Poems . „ 104

Gladstone's Studies on Homer , 105

GoU's Kulturbilder aus Hellas und Rom 105

Guhl and Koner's Life of Greeks and Romans 106

Jannefs Les Institutions k Sparte „ 106

Mahaffy's History of Greek Literature 106

Mahaffy's Social Life in Greece 107

Mahaffy's Rambles and Studies in Greece 107

Miiller and Donaldson's History of Greek Literature 108

Mure's History of the Greek Language and Literature 108*

Overbeck's Geschichte der griechischen Plastik 109

Schomann's Antiquities of Greece 109

Schomann's Athenian Constitutional History 110

Winckelmann's History of Ancient Art 110

IV. SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND READERS.

1. A Short Course of Reading ; Ill

2. A Longer Course of Reading Ill

Chapter Y.

HISTORIES OF ROME.

I. GENERAL HISTORIES.

Ampere's Histoire Romaine k Rome 114

Duruy's Histoire des Romains 114 xvi CONTENTS.

* PAGB

Dyer's History of the City of Rome. 115

Ihne^s History of Rome 115

Leighton's History of Rome 117

Liddell's History of Rome 117

Livy*s History of Rome 118

Merlyale^s General History of Rome 119

Michelet's Roman Republic 119

Mommsen's History of Rome 120

NiebuhLrls History of Rome 121

Niebuhr's Lectures on the History of Rome 122

Peter's Romische Geschichte 123

Schwegler's Romische Geschichte 123

StolTs Geschichte der Romer 124

Stoirs Die Helden Roms • 124

Tai'ne's Tite Live 124

■Wagner's Rom 125

II. HISTORIES OF LIMITED PERIODS.

Ihne's Early Rome 126

Lewis's Credibility of Early Roman History 126

Arnold's History of Rome. 127 v

Beesly's Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla « 127

Merivaje's Fall of the Roman RepubHc 128

• Long's Decline of the Roman Republic 128

Meriyale's Roman Triumvirates 129

Trollope's Life of Cicero 130

Forsyth's Life of Cicero 130

Boissier's Cicero et ses Amis 131

Beesly's Catiline, Clodius, and Tiberius , 131

Arnold's Later Roman Commonwealth 131

Froude's Caesar 132

Napoleon's Caesar 132

Tacitus's Historical Works 133

Suetonius's Lives of the Twelve Caesars 134

Cjip£.s's Early Roman Empire 135

Capes's Age of the Antonines 135

|.,^ Boissier's L'Opposition sous les Cesars 136

Curteis's Roman Empire 136

Merivale's Romans under the Empire 136

Ammianus Marcellinus's Roman History 137

^bwi's Decline and Fall 138

Gregoroyius's Geschichte der Stadt Rom 139

III. HISTORIES OF CIVILIZATION AND PROGRESS.

Arnold's Roman Provincial Administration 140

Bahr's Geschichte der romischen Literatur 140

CONTENTS. xvii

PAGE

Becker's Handbuch der romischen Alterthiimer 141

Boissier's La Religion Romaine 142

Cruttwell's History of Roman Literature 142

Hadlej's Introduction to Roman Law 143

Lange's Romische Alterthiimer 144

Mackenzie's Studies in Roman Law 144

MarcLuardt's Romische Staatsverwaltung 144

Mommsen's Romische Forschungen 145

Mommsen's Romisches Staatsrecht 146

Pierron's Literature Romaine 146

Sellar's Roman Poets 146

Teuff el's History of Roman Literature 147

Thierry's Tableau de I'Empire Romain 147

IV. SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND READERS.

Chapter VI. HISTORIES OF THE MIDDLE AGES

I. GENEKAL HISTORIES.

Dunharn*s Europe during the Middle Ages 152

Duruy's Histoire du Moyen Age 152

Hallam's Europe during the Middle Ages 153

Kingslej's Roman and Teuton ; 154

Koch's Revolutions de I'Europe 154

Kceppen's Historical Geography 155

Potthast's Bibliotheca Historica Medii Aevi 156

Robertson's Europe in the Middle Ages 156

Sayi^ny's Geschichte des romischen Rechts 157

ShepjmriTs Fall of Rome 158

Sullivan's Fall of the Roman Empire 158

Whitens Eighteen Christian Centuries 158

II. HISTORIES OF LIMITED PERIODS AND OF INSTITUTIONS.

Alzog's Church History 159

Aube's Persecutions de I'Eglise 160

Balmes's European Civilization 160

Baring-Gould's Myths of the Middle Ages 161

Bulfinch's Age of Chivalry 161

Church's Beginnings of the Middle Ages 162

B xviii CONTENTS.

PAGR

Cox's History of the Crusades , 162

Cox's Romances of the Middle Ages 162

DolHnger's First Age of Christianity 163

Fisher's Beginnings of Christianity 163

Geffckeii's' Church and State 164

(xfrorer's Pabst Gregori^s VII , , . 1 64

Gieseler's Church History 165

Gosselin's Pouvoir du Pape au Moyen Age 165

Guizoi's History of Representative Government 166

HardLwick's History of the Christian Church 166

Hecker's Epidemics of the Middle Ages 167

Irvine's Mahomet 168

Johnson's Normans in Europe 168

Kremer's Culturgeschichte 169

Labarte's Histoire des Arts au Moyen Age 169

Lea's History of Sacerdotal Celibacy 169

Lea's Studies in Church ^History 1 70

Lea^s Superstition and Force 1 70

Lecky's European Morals 170

Lecroix's Arts of the Middle Ages 171

Mason's Persecutions of Diocletian 172

Michaud's History of the Crusades 172

Mills's History of the Crusades 172

Mills's History of Chivalry 173

Milman's History of Christianity 173

Milman's History of Latin Christianity 173

Montalembert's Monks of the West 174

Mullinger's Schools of Charles the Great 174

Nas^s Agricultural Communities 175

Neander's Church History 175

O'Brien's History of the Mass. 175

Ockleyls History of the Saracens 176

Ozanam's Civilization of the Fifth Century 176

Pressense's Early Years of Christianity 177

Renter's Geschichte der religiosen Auf klarung 177

Roth's Geschichte des Beneficialwesens: 178

Sartorius's Geschichte des hanseatischen Bundes 178

Secre tan's Essai sur la Feodalite 178

Smith's English Gilds 179

Du Sommerard's Les Arts au Moyen Age 179

Stanley's History of the Eastern Church 180

S;^bei's History and Literature of the Crusades 180

Theiner's Histoire des Institutions 181

'^'Thompson's Papacy and Civil Power 181

Villemain's Life of Gregory the Seventh 182

Wilda's Das Gildenwesen im Mittelalter 182

Contents

III. SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND READEES.

PAGE

Chapter VII. HISTORIES OF MODERN TIMES

I, GENERAL HISTORIES.

Arnold's Introductory Lectures on Modern History 18*7

Browning's Historical Hand-books. . . : , 18*7

Duruy's Histoire des Temps Modernes 188

Djgjr's History of Modern Europe. 188

Heeren's Vermischte historische Schriften 189

Heeren's Manual of Political Systems 189

Heeren's Historical Treatises 190

Heeren and Ukert's Series 190

Ijord's Modern History. , 191

Michelet's Modern History 191

Morris's Epochs of History 192

Priestley's Lectures on History, 192

Russell and Jones's Modern Europe 193

Smyth's Lectures on Modern History 198

Yonge's Three Centuries of Modern History 194

II. HISTORIES OF LIMITED PERIODS.

D'Aubigiji's History of the Reformation 194

D'Aubi^ne's Reformation in Time of Calvin 195 ~

Dollinger's Die Reformation 195

Seiebohm's Protestant Revolution 196

Fifehe£s The Reformation 19i&

Ftecher's Auswartige Politik und Diplomatic der Reformation 19&

Hllusser's Period of the Reformation 197

Hiibner's Life and Times of Sixtus the Fifth 19*7

Praet's Essays on Political History 198

Ranke's History of the Popes 199

Spalding's History of the Protestant Reformation 199

Raumer's Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 200

Gindely's Geschichte des dreissigjahrigen Krieges 200

Gardineji's History of the Thirty Years' War 201

Schiller's History of the Thirty Years' War 201

Noorden's Europaische Geschichte im achtzehnten Jahrhundert 202

Russell's Principal States since the Peace of Utrecht 202

XX CONTENTS.

PAGK

Schlosser's History of. the Eighteenth Century 203

Alison's Europe since the French Revolution 204

Beaumont-Yassy's Histoire des Etats Europeens 204

Gabourd's Histoire Contemporaine 205

. ^uPjs's Geschichte der neuesten Zeit 205

Wernicke's Geschichte der neuesten Zeit 206

I Mackenzia's Nineteenth Century ; 206

Fytfe's History of Modern Europe 206

Ugayiey's Revolutions of 1848 207

Cantij's Les Trentes Dernieres Annees -j-. » 207

MuUer's Politische Geschichte der neuesten Zeit ^ 208

Miiller's Politische Geschichte der Gegenwart. 209

The Annual Register 209

ji III. HISTORIES OF INSTITUTIONS AND CiyiLlZATlo:N^.

^ BonnenaerB's Histoire des Paysans 209

Bossuet's Histoire des Variations 210

Horner's History of Protestant Theology 211

Hallam's History of Literature 211

Honegger's Culturgeschichte 212

Hurst's History of Rationalism 212

Lange's History of Materialism 218

Lecky's Rise and Influence of Rationahsm 213

^ Llorente's History of the Inquisition 214

Rule's History of the Inquisition 214

Schaff's Creeds of Christendom 215

Shedd's History of Christian Doctrine 215

Sugenheim's Aufhebung der Leibeigenschaft 216

Tooke and Newmarch's History of Prices 216

lY. SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND KEADERS.

Chapter VIII. HISTORIES OF ITALY

I. GENERAL HISTORIES.

Cantu's Histoire des Italiens 220

Hunt's History of Italy 220

Leo's Geschichte von Italien 221

Mariotti's Italy, Past and Present 221

Sismondi's Histoire des Republiques Italiennes 222

Spalding's Italy and the Italian Islands 222

A^

CONTENTS. xxi

II. HISTORIES OF LIMITED PERIODS.

PAGB

Hodgkin's Italy and her Invaders 223

Testa's Frederick I. and the Coramimes of Lombardy 224

Heyd's Levantshandel im Mittelalter 224

Hegel's Geschichte der Stadteverfassung von Italien 224

Giiicciardini's Italy from 1490 to 1534 225

Botta's Storia d' Italia 226

Symonds's Renaissance in Italy 226

Voigt's Wiederbelebung des classischen Alterthums «... 227

Burckhardt's Civilization of the Renaissance 227

Cellini's Autobiography 228

Sarpi's Council of Trent 228

Viliari's Machiavelli and his Times 229

Villari's £ )narola and his Times 230

Grimm's Life of Michael AiTgelo 230

CroAve and Cavalcaselle's New History of Painting in Italy.. . .• 230

Crowe and Cavalcaselle's History of Painting in Northern Italy 231

Reuchlin's Geschichte Italiens 231

Botta's Italy during the Consulate and Empire 232

Butt's History of Italy 232

Wrightson's History of Modern Italy 233

Mazzini's Life and Writings 233

D'Azeglio's Recollections 234

Mazade's Cavour 234

About's Roman Question .- 234

Trollope's Life of Pius the Ninth 235

Arrivabene's Italy under Victor Emmanuel 235

Godkin's Life of Victor Emmanuel 236

III. HISTORIES OF INDIVIDUAL STATES.

Daru's Republique de Venise 236

Hazlitt's Venetian Republic 237

Ranke's Zur Venetianer Geschichte 237

Macliiavelli's History of Florence 237

Capponi's Geschichte der florentinischen Republik 238

SchefPer-Boichorst's Florentiner Studien 239

Napier's Florentine History .• 239

Perrens's Histoire de Florence 240

Reumont's Geschichte Toscana's 240

Reumont's Lorenzo de' Medici 241

Roscoe's Lorenzo de' Medici 241

Troiiope's Commonwealth of Florence 241

Colletta's History of Naples. 242

Dunnistown's Dukes of Urbino 242

CONTENTS.

IV. SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS AND READERS.

PAGE