The ladies' flower garden of ornamental bulbous plants

Introduction

. There are many persons who have no idea of any other flowering bulbs than hyacinths, tulips, crocuses, and narcissi ; and there are very few indeed who grow collections of bulbous plants in their gardens. The reason of this must be principally because the splendid flowers produced by these plants are but little known ; as in other respects bulbs have much to recommend them. Nothing can exceed the brilliancy and variety of the colour displayed by their flowers, and nothing can be more simple than their culture. The bulb, when purchased, contains within itself the future flower, and it requires very little aid from the gardener to develop it. Its long period of rest also leaves the ground half the year free for other plants ; and by growing the bulbs in pots, and removing them as soon as they have done flowering, to mature their leaves in a reserve ground, the beds in the flower-garden will be ready to be covered with annuals, which may have been previously sown and brought forward, and thus the beauty of the garden will be preserved during the whole season of flowers.

Among the other advantages of bulbous plants, is the very great one, that many of them produce their flowers in very early spring ; at a season when few other plants are in blossom, and yet when flowers are doubly valuable from their rarity. At this season, a bed of crocuses presents a flowery carpet of the most brilliant colours, and borders of hyacinths refresh us with their fragrance, while they enchant us with their beauty. About the same time the bright blue flowers of the scillas burst at once in full perfection through the ground ; and a little later these are followed by the fritillarias, the crown imperials, the narcissi, the tulips, and the irises, which in their turn are succeeded by the showy gladioluses and the stately lilies. Interspersed with these come a whole host of beautiful flowers, of which few persons know even tho names.

The Moræas, the Vieusseuxias, the Homerias, the babianas, the different kinds of sparaxis, tritonia, and ixia, with many, many others, form altogether a garden of unrivalled ricliness, which varies every month by a succession of new flowers, every fresh one appearing more splendid than the last. B

INTRODUCTION.

. 2 The principal objection generally made to the culture of bulbs is their expense ; and this, if fresh bulbs are to be purchased in the seed-shops every year, is certainly considerable. With a little care, however, bulbs may be preserved for many years in this country, so as to flower every season as well as those yearly imported from abroad. All that is requisite is to study the nature of the bulb, and to treat it accordingly. A bulb, though generally considered as a root, partakes in fact much more of the nature of a seed ; as when it is fixed firmly in the ground, or suspended over water, it sends down its true roots, and up its ascending shoot, exactly in the same manner as a seed does when it vegetates ; the feculent matter contained in the fleshy scales of the bulb serving to nourish the young plant in the same manner as the albumen in the cotyledons of the seed.

There are, however, some important differences. The seed wastes away in giving birth to the plant which springs from it, while the bulb, though really renovated every year, remains to all appearance the same after flowering as when it was put into the ground ; the seed also sends up a stem producing buds, which become leaves or branches, while the bulb only sends up leaves and a flower-stem without buds. What are commonly called bulbs are of three kinds ; the tunicated bulbs, such as the hyacinth and the onion, which consist of a number of coats or tunics, which may be peeled off one after another ; the solid bulbs or corms, such as the crocus, which consist of one solid, white, nut-like mass, covered with a loose skin ; and the scaly bulbs, such as the lily, which consist of fleshy scales only connected at the root.

All the kinds abound in feculent or starchy matter, provided by nature for the support of the young plant. The bulb, thus containing within itself the substance necessary to supply nourishment to the plant which is to spring from it, only requires to be stimulated by heat and moisture to make it produce leaves and flowers ; and thus hyacinths, and many other bulbs, may be flowered in glasses with water only, quite as well as in any kind of soil. When this is the case, however, the bulb becomes greatly exhausted ; and if it were taken out of the glass, and then dried immediately, it would be incapable of producing any flowers the following year, and would, indeed, probably die, all its stock of nourishment having been exhausted. To prevent this from being the case, the bulb, as soon as it has done flowerino-, is taken out of the glass, and planted in the earth; in order that its roots may extract a sufficient quantity of rich food from the soil, to enable it to lay up a fresh stock of nutritive matter for the ensuing year : the new matter, whether it be accumulated in the form of fleshy tunics, or scales, or of a solid mass always entirely supplying the place of the old and exhausted parts, which shrivel and decay. The new

INTRODUCTION.

. 3 matter thus formed appears in different positions, according to the nature of the bulb to which it belongs. Sometimes it forms in the centre of the old bulb, as in the hyacinth ; sometimes on the side, as in the tulip ; sometimes above, as in the crocus ; and occasionally under, as in the bulbous irises. Thus, another reason is afforded for taking up and replanting bulbs every year ; as unless this be done, the crocuses will in a few years be actually pushed out of the ground, and the irises sunk too deeply into it to flower, while the tulips will travel away from the place where they were originally planted. This, in fact, does take place when bulbs are left for several years in the ground without taking up ; and thus many are lost, besides those that die from the excess of moisture to which they are exposed, if they are left during winter in the soil.

It should never be forgotten that many bulbous-rooted plants are natives of warm countries in very dry situations, where the extraordinary provision of nourishment laid up in the bulb is absolutely necessary for their preservation. Many of these are natives of the hot sandy plains of South Africa, where they are subject to alternate seasons of excessive rain, and excessive dryness : and to produce an assimilation to this climate in the culture of the Cape bulbs, they should be allowed a season of complete repose ; as during the dry season the bulb lies in its native sands without roots or leaves, which it is only stimulated to produce by the excessive moisture to which it is exposed, when the rainy season begins. The new matter which bulbs form every year to supply tho place of that exhausted by the production of stems, leaves, and flowers, must not be confounded with the offsets or young bulbs, which are produced by the side of the old ones, and which are the principal means provided by nature for continuing the species.

These offsets, indeed, can only be considered in the light of suckers, and are quite distinct from the old bulb ; which nature renovates every year, by a process peculiar to this class of plants. The feculent matter in the bulb is produced, like the mealiness of over-ripe fruit, by the light and heat of the sun elaborating the sap, and evaporating its watery particles during its circulation through the leaves, and forcing it to deposit its carbon. To effect this, the bulb should be placed in an open, but sheltered situation, where it will be fully exposed to the suns rays ; and it should be allowed to retain all its leaves, as it is during the progress of the sap through the leaves, that it is principally acted upon by tho heat of the sun. For this reason, the leaves of a bulbous plant should never be cut off till they begin to wither and turn brown at the points, which is a sign that the sap no longer circulates through them ; as if they are cut off before the sap is fully matured, the bulb will either produce no flowers at all the ensuing year, or its flowers will be pale and weak. The bulb itself would indeed perish, if the leaves were to be cut off as fast as they appeared. b2

INTRODUCTION.

. As soon as the leaves have withered they should be pulled off, and the bulb taken up and kept dry till the planting season returns ; and this is done, because if the bulbs are left in the ground during their season of complete repose, during which their growth is entirely stopped, they will be either in danger of becoming rotten by the moisture of the earth, or be stimulated by it into a premature and unnatural activity. Bulbs are propagated not only by their offsets, but by seeds ; though when raised in the latter method, they arc generally four or five years before they flower. All bulbous plants are what is called monocotyledonous ; that is, their seeds send up only one seed-leaf, instead of dividing into two, and their leaves are veined longitudinally, without any, or with very slight ramifications, instead of being strongly reticulated like those of the dicotyledonous plants. CONTENTS.

Chapter I. Genus Page

IRIDACEÆ. . . sThe Fleur de Lis, Flower de i. Iris - - i " I Luce, or Flag-flower - 5 11. Moræa - - - The Moræa - - - - 10 m. Herbertia - - The Herbertia - - - 15 iv. Cypella - - - The Cypella - - - - 15 v. Phalocallis- - The Phalocallis - - - 16 ... . rThe Vieusseuxia, or Peacock vi. Vieusseuxia - -< \ Iris - - - - - 17 vn. Homeria - - The Homeria - - - 19 Vin. Hexaglottis - - The Hexaglottis - - - 22 ix. Ferraria - - The Ferraria - - - 23 x. Tigridia - - The Tiger-flower - - - 26 xi. Rigidella - - The Rigidella, or Stiff Stalk - 27 xii. Galaxia - - The Galaxia - - - 28 xiii. Lapeyrousia - The Peyrousia . - - 29 xiv. Anomatheca - - The Anomatheca - - - 31 xv. Babiana - - The Babiana - - - - 33 xvi. Antholyza - - The Antholyza - - - 39 XVII. Anisanthus - The Anisanthus - - - 41 xviii. Petamenes - - The Petamenes - - - 42 xix.

Watsonia - - The Watsonia . - - - 42 xx. Gladiolus - - The Corn-flag - - - 47 xxi. Sphærosphora - The Sphærosphora - - - 66 xxii. Synnotia - - The Synnotia - - - 67 xxm. Sparaxis - - The Sparaxis - - - - 68 xxiv. Tritonia - - The Tritonia - - - 72 xxv. Ixia - - - The Ixia - - - - - 80 xxvi. Morphixia - - The Morphixia - - - 87 xxvn. Melasphærula - The Melasphærula - - - 88 xxviii. Hesperantha - - The Evening Flower - - 89 xxix. Geissorhiza - Tile-Root - - - - 91 xxx. Streptanthera - The Streptanthera - - 94 xxxi. Spatalanthus - The Ribbon-flower - - - 95 xxxn. Trichonema - - The Trichonema - - - 96 xxxiii. Crocus - - The Crocus - - - - 99

Chapter II

HÆMODORACEÆ. i. Wachendorsia - The Wachendorfia - - 106

Chapter III. Genus Page

HYPOXIDEÆ. i. Hypoxis - - The Hypoxis - - - 108 ii. Curculigo - - The Curculigo - - - 112

Chapter IV

AMARYLLIDACEÆ. i. Cooperia - - The Cooperia - - - 113 ii. Sternbergia - - The Sternbergia - - -114 III. Oporanthus - The Yellow Amaryllis - - 115 iv. Haylockia - - The Haylockia - - - 116 V. Sceptranthus - The Sceptre-flower - - 116 _, , , s The Zephyranthes, or Swampvi. Zephyranthes -< ... ,,- e ' L lily - - - - - 11/ vii. Habranthus - - The Habranthus . - - 120 Vin. Amaryllis - - The Amaryllis - - - - 125 ix. Hippeastrum - The Knight's Star Lily - 126 x. Sprekelia - - The Jacobea Lily - - - 128 xi. Lycoris - - The Golden Lily - - - 129 xii. Pyrolirion - - The Flame Lily - - - 129 xm. Nerine - The Guernsey Lily - - 130 xiv. Choretis - - The Choretis - - - - 130 xv. Ixiolirion - - The Ixiolirion - - - !36 xvi. Strumaria - - The Strumaria - - - 137 xvii. Hessea - - The Hessea - - - - 138 XVIll.

Imbotia - - The Imhofia - - - 138 xix. Carpolyza - - The Carpolyza - . - - 140 XX. Buphane - - The Buphane - - - 140 xxi. Ammocharis - The Ammocharis . - - 141 xxn. Phycella - - The Phycella - - - 143 xxm. Griffinia - - The Griffiuia - - - - 144 xxiv. Hæmanthus - - The Blood-flower - - - 145 xxv. Crinum - - The Crinum ... - 141* xxvi. Coburghia - - The Coburghia - - - 151 xxvn. Cyrtanthus - The Cyrtanthus - - - 152 xxvm. Gastronema - - The Gastronema - - - 155 xxix. Vallota - - The Vallota - - - -156 xxx. Chlidanthus - - The Chlidanthus - - . 157 xxxi. Urceolina - - The Urceolina - - - 157 xxxn. Stenomesson - The Stenomesson - - - 158 xxxiii. Eucrosia - - The Eucrosia - - - 159 xxxiv. Calostemma - - The Calosterama - - - 159 a CONTENTS VI PAGE PAGE GENUS xxxT Eurycles - - The Eurycle, - - - 160 xm.

Hyacinthus -- The Hyacinth - - - xxxv. curycies J XIV. Uropetalon - The Uropetalon xxxvi. Pancratium - - The Sea LJanoail BeUevaUa - - The Roman Squill - -222 xxxvn. Hymenocallis - The Hymenocalhs - -163 xv. BeUevaUa Hvacinth - - 222 xxxv.,1. Ismene- - - The Ismene • -« xvi. Muscar, - - Th G p Hyacin h xxxix. Narcissus - - The Narcissus - - xv„. Lachenaha - - Th L^ naha XL Galanthus - - The Snowdrop - - - - 180 xvm. Drimia - - The Drimia X,. Galanthus Snavtate, or St. xix. Eriospermum - The Eriospermum -231 xli. Erinosma - -{ Agnes'-flower - - - 181 xx. Allium - - The Garlic - - "^ I The Acis, or Narrow-leaved xxi. Cyanella - The Cyanella xlu. Acis - - -j Snowflake - - -182 xxn. Conanthera - The Conanthera - - - 24U xliii. Leucojum- - The Snowflake - - -183 xxm. Cummingia - - The Cummingia - - -240 xliv.

Gethyllis - - The Gethyllis, or Cape Crocus 184 xxiv. Triteleia - - The Tntele.a - - - -Ml rThe Missouri Hyacinth, or xxv. Hesperoscordum | Onion of the West - -242

Chapter V

xxvj Leucocoryne . The Leucocoryne - - 243 hemerocallideæ. xxvn. Milla - - - The Milla - - - - 243 i. Veltheimia - The Veltheimia - - -185 rHAPTFR VTI ii. Brodiæa - - The Brodiæa - - - 186

Chapter VII

in. Calliprora - - The Callipiora - - - 187 liliaceæ. I. Tulipa - - The Tulip - - - - 244

CHAPTER VI.

n. Fritillaria - - The Fritillary - - - - 250 in. Cyclobothra - The Cyclobothra - - - 25/ ASPHODEI.ACEÆ. Ca,ochortus . . The Calochortus - - - 254 i. Camassia - - The Quamash - - - 187 v< Rhinopetalum - The Rhinopetalum - - 256 II. Bessera - - The Bessera - - - - 188 v, Lilium - - The Lily 256 m. Puschkinia - The Puschkinia - - - 188 VII Erythronium - Dog's-tooth Violet - - 262 iv. Albuca - - - TheAlbuca - - - - 189 v. Ornithogalum - The Star of Bethlehem - -192

Chapter VIII. VI

Urginea - - The Sea Onion - - - 201 melanthaceæ. vii. Gagea - - The Gagea - 202 vin. Barnardia - - The Chinese Squill - - - 203 I. Bulbocodium - The Bulbocodium - - - 265 ix. Orithyia - - TheOrithyia - - -204 „. Colchicum- .{The Colchicum, or Meadow x. Lloydia - - Mountain Spider-wort - - 204 L Saffron - - - - JbS f The Wild Hyacinth, or Harein. Merendera - - The Merendera - - -267 xi. Myogalum- -j bgU _ _ _ . 205 iv. Wurmbea - - The Wurmbea - - - - 267 xn. Scilla - • The Squill - - 206 v. Melanthium - - The Melanthium - - - PAGE 36 in 14 48 LIST OF PLATES. PAGE FIG. PLATE I. 6 32 3. Lapeyrousia corymbosa. Corymb-flowered Lapey- _ 10. 1 1 Iris caucasica. Iris of Mount Caucasus. I. lusitanica. Portuguese Flag-flower. I. Xiphioides. Pyrenean Flag-flower. I. Xiphium. Spanish Flag-flower. rousia. 33 4.

L. fissifolia. Leafy-spiked Lapeyrousia. 34 5. L. aculeata. Prickly-stemmed Lapeyrousia. 35 6. Anamotheca cruenta. Blood-stained Anamotheca. 2 2 3 3, 4 4 I. persica. Persian Iris. 5 5 6 6. I. tuberosa. Snake's Head Iris. PLATE VII. 36 1. Babiana tubata. Tube-like Babiana. 37 2. B. disticha. Two-ranked Babiana. 38 3. B. sulphurea. Sulphur-coloured Babiana. 39 4. B. stricta. Upright Babiana. PLATE II. in 7 1 Moræa viscaria. Birdlime Moræa. M. angusta. Narrow-leaved Moræa. M. ramosa. Branching Moræa. 8 2. 9 3 40 5. B. rubro-cyanea. Red and blue Babiana. 41 6. B. villosa. Hairy crimson Babiana. 42 7. B. angustifolia. Narrow-leaved Babiana. 43 8. B. spathacea. Stiff-leaved Babiana. 10 4 M. edulis. Eatable Moræa. 11 5 M. lurida. Lurid-coloured Moræa. M. Teuoreana. Tenore's Moræa. M. ciliata. Bearded Moræa. 12 6 13 7 PLATE VIII.

PLATE III. Hi 44 1. Anisanthus spleudens. Splendid Anisanthus. 45 2. Antholyza æthiopica. Ethiopian Antholyza. 46 3. Petamenes quadrangularis. Quadrangular Corn- 14 1 Herbertia pulchella. Beautiful Herbertia. Cypella Herberti. Herbert's Cypella. Phalocallis plumbea. Lead-coloured Phalocallis. Vieusseuxia pavonia. Orange-coloured Peacock Iris. V. villosa. Purple Peacock Iris. 15 2 16 3 flag. PLATE IX. 47 1. Watsonia brevifolia. Short-leaved Watsonia 48 2. W. Meriana, var. punicea. Sybilla Merian's Watsonia. 49 3. W. humilis, var. Dwarf Watsonia variety. 50 4. W. aletroides. Aletris-flowered Watsonia. PLATE X. 51 1. Gladiolus recurvus. Recurved Gladiolus. 52 2. G. suaveolens. Fragrant Gladiolus. 53 3. G. carneus. Flesh-coloured Gladiolus. 54 4. G. cuspidatus. Sharp-pointed Gladiolus. PLATE XI. 55 1.

G. pudibundus. Blush-flowered Gladiolus. 56 2. G. albidus. White Gladiolus. 57 3. G. floribundus. Abundant-flowering Gladiolus. 58 4. G. Mortonianus. Morton's Gladiolus. 17 4 18 5. 19 6. V. glaucopis. White-flowered Peacock Iris. V. Bellendeni. Mr. Bellenden Ker's Vieusseuxia. 20 7 PLATE IV. 20 Homeria spicata. Spike-flowered Homeria. H. ochroleuca. Cream-coloured Homeria. H. lineata. Lined-leaved Homeria. H. aurantiaca. Orange-coloured Homeria. Hexaglottis flexuosa. Flexible Hexaglottis. 21 1 22 2. 23 3. 24 4. 25 5. PLATE V. 26 26 1 Tigridia pavonia. Common Tiger-flower. Rigidella flammea. Flame-coloured Rigidella. Ferraria divaricata. Spreading-anthered Ferraria. F. uncinata. Hook-leaved Ferraria. 27 2 28 3 29 4 PLATE VI. 30 30 1. 31 2. Galaxia ovata. Ovate-leaved Galaxia. G. o. var. purpurea.

The purple variety. PAOE 92 96 102 106 110 114 118 LIST OF PLATES. viii FIG, PAGE 4. Hesperantha falcata. Sickle-leaved Evening-flower. ' 56 PLATE XII. 99 FIG. 59 1. G. ramosus. Branching Gladiolus. 60 2. G. tristis. Melancholy-looking Gladiolus. 61 3. G. viperatus. Viper Gladiolus. 5. H. pilosa. Hairy Evening-flower. 6. Melasphærula intermedia. Intermediate Mela- 100 101 sphærula. PLATE XIII. liU PLATE XXI. G2 1. G. Namaquensis. Namaqua-land Gladiolus. 63 2. G. Psittacinus. Parrot Gladiolus. 64 3. G. trichoremifolius. Thread-leaved Gladiolus. 65 4. G. algoensis. Algoa Bay Gladiolus. 66 5. G. Colvillii. Mr. Colvill's Gladiolus. 67 6. G. Watsonius. Mr. Watson's Gladiolus. 1. Geissorhiza vaginata. Sheathed Tile Root. 2. G. obtusata. Obtuse-leaved Tile Root. 3. G. Rocheana. La Roche's Tile Root. 4.

G. secunda. Single-rowed Tile Root. 102 103 104 105 5. G. excisa. Cut-leaved Tile Root. 6. G. setacea. Bristly-leaved Tile Root. 106 107 PLATE XIV. 66 PLATE XXII. 68 1. Sphærosphora imbricata. Italian Corn-flag. 69 2. Synnotia variegata. Variegated Synnotia. 70 3. S. bicolor. Two-coloured Synnotia. 1. Spatalanthus speciosus. Beautiful Ribbon flower. 2. Trichonema speciosum. Beautiful Trichonema. 3. T. roseum. Rose-coloured Trichonema. 4. T. Bulbocodium. Hoop-petticoat Narcissus- 108 109 110 Ill PLATE XV. 70 leaved Trichonema. 5. Streptanthera elegans. Elegant Streptanthera. 71 1. Sparaxis pendula. Pendulous Sparaxis. 72 2. S. stellaris. Starry Sparaxis. 112 PLATE XXIII. 73 3. S. tricolor. Three-coloured Sparaxis. 74 4. S. grandiflora. Larger-flowered Sparaxis. 75 5. S. g. var. striata. The streaked variety. 76 6.

S. lineata. Red-lined Sparaxis. 113 1. Crocus speciosus. Showy Crocus. 114 2. C. sativus. Cultivated, or Saffron Crocus. 3. C. biflorus. Two-flowered, or Scotch Crocus. 4. C. serotinus. Late-flowered, or autumnal Crocus. 5. C. Susianus. Turkey, or cloth-of-gold Crocus. 6. C. versicolor. Parti-coloured Crocus. 115 116 PLATE XVI. 74 117 118 77 1. Tritonia fucata. Painted Tritonia. 78 2. T. refracta. Reflexed Tritonia. 79 3. T. longiflora. Long-flowered Tritonia. 80 4. T. deusta. Blighted Tritonia. 81 5. T. lineata. Pencilled Tritonia. PLATE XXIV. 119 1. Wachendorfia paniculata. Panicled Wachendorfia, 2. W. brevifolia. Short-leaved Wachendorfia. 3. W. Herbertii. Herbert's Wachendorfia. 120 82 6. T. flava. Yellow Tritonia. 121 PLATE XVII. 78 PLATE XXV. 83 1. T. squalida. Squalid Tritonia. 122 1.

Hypoxis serrata. Saw-leaved Hypoxis. 2. H. elegans. Elegant Hypoxis. 84 2. T. fenestrata. Window-flowered Tritonia. 85 3. T. rosea. Rosy Tritonia. 123 3. H. sobolifera. Bulb-bearing Hypoxis. 4. H. stellata. Starry Hypoxis. 124 125 PLATE XVIII. 80 126 5. Curculigo plicata. Plaited -leaved Curculigo. 86 1. Ixia ochroleuca. Cream-coloured Ixia. 87 2. I. conica. Conical Ixia. PLATE XXVI. 88 3. I. viridiflora. Green-flowered Ixia. 89 4. I. monadelphia. One-anthered Ixia. 90 5. I. columellaris. Column-like Ixia. 91 6. I. crispa. Curled-leaved Ixia. 127 1 . Sceptranthus Drummondi. Drummond's Sceptre-flower. 128 2. Cooperia chlorosolen. Green-tubed Cooperia. 3. Oporanthus luteus. Yellow Oporanthus. 4. Sternbergia colchiciflora. Colchicum-flowered 129 130 PLATE XIX. Sternbergia. 84 131 5. Haylockia pusilla.

Dwarf Haylockia. 92 1. I. patens. Spreading-flowered Ixia. 93 2. I. crateroides. Cup-shaped Ixia. 94 3. I. hybrida. Hybrid Ixia. PLATE XXVII. 132 1. Zephyranthes carinata. Keeled-leaved Zephyranthes. 95 4. I. odorata. Sweet-scented Ixia. 133 2. Z. tubispatha. Tubular-spathed Zephyranthes. 3. Z. Atamasco. Atamasco Lily. 4. Habranthus Andersoni. Anderson's Habranthus. 5. H. roseus. Rosy Habranthus. 6. H. Bagnoldianus. Captain Bagnold's Habranthus. PLATE XX. 88 134 96 1. Morphixia aulica. Courtly Morphixia. 97 2. M. capillaris. Hair-like Morphixia. 98 3. M. linearis. Linear Morphixia. 135 136 PAGE 174 182 186 190 196 202 208 LIST OF PLATES. PAGE PLATE XXVIII. 126 FIG. 138 1. Belladonna purpureus. Belladonna Lily. 139 2. B. blanda. Blush Lily. 140 3. B. purpureus pallida. Belladonna Lily (variety).

PLATE XXIX. 128 141 1. Amaryllis breviflora. Short -flowered Knight's Star Lily. 142 2. Lycorus aurea. Golden Lycoris. 143 3. Sprekelia formosissima. Beautiful Jacobea Lily. 144 4. Pyrolyrion flavum. Yellow Flame Lily. PLATE XXX. 132 145 1. Nerine corusca. Brilliant Guernsey Lily. 146 2. N. sarniensis. Common Guernsey Lily. 147 3. N. humilis. Dwarf Nerine. PLATE XXXI. 140 148 1. Buphane ciliaris. Fringed Buphane. 149 2. Brunsvegia latecoma. The lucid Nerine. PLATE XXXII. 136 150 1. Choretis glauca. Glaucous Choretis. 151 2. Ixiolirion tartaricum. Tartarian Ixiolirion. 152 3. Imhofia crispa. Curly-flowered Imhofia. PLATE XXXIII. 144 153 1. Griffinia Hyacinthina. Hyacinthine Griffinia. 154 2. G. intermedia. Intermediate Griffinia. 155 3. Phycella Herbertiana. Herbert's Phycella. PLATE XXXIV. 150 156 1.

Crinum arenarium. Australian Crinum. 157 2. Coburghia incarnata. Flesh-coloured Coburghia. PLATE XXXV. 154 158 1. Cyrtanthus obliquus. Oblique-leaved Cyrtanthus. 159 2. C. uniflorus, or Gastronema clavatum. Clavate Gastronema. 160 3. C. odorus. Sweet-scented Cyrtanthus. PLATE XXXVI. 158 161 1. Chlidanus fragrans. Fragrant Chlidanus. 162 2. Eurycles Cunr.inghamii. Cunningham's Eurycles. 163 3. Stenomesson curvidentatum. Curved-toothed Stenomesson. 164 4. Calostemma purpureum. Purple Calostemma. 165 5. Eucrosia bicolor. Two-coloured Eucrosia. PLATE XXXVII. 162 166 1. Ismene Amancaes. Peruvian Amancaes. 167 2. Pancratium maritimum. Common Sea Daffodil. 168 3. Hymenocallis litoralis. PLATE XXXVIII. 170 169 1. Narcissus albicans. Great Spanish white Daffodil. 170 2. N. Sabini. Sabine's Daffodil. 171 3.

N. conspicuus. Conspicuous Narcissus. FIG. 1 172 4. Narcissus incomparabilis. Nonsuch Daffodil. 173 5. N. montanus. White Mountain Daffodil. 174 6. N. triandrus. Three-anthered Rush Daffodil. 175 7. N. Jonquilla. The Jonquil. 176 8. N. gracilis. Slender Narcissus. PLATE XXXIX. 177 1. N. orientalis. Polyanthus Narcissus (variety). 178 2. N. Trewianus. Polyanthus Narcissus (variety). 179 3. N. concolor. Self-coloured Rush Daffodil. 180 4. N. calathinus. Sweet-scented Narcissus (variety) 181 5. N. poeticus. The Poet Narcissus. 182 6. N. viridiflora. PLATE XL 183 1. Leucojum vernum. Spring Snowflake. 184 2. L. æstivum. Summer Snowflake. 185 3. L. autumnalis. Autumn-flowering Snowflake. 186 4. Acis rosea. Rose-coloured Acis. 187 5. Gethyllis spiralis. Spiral-leaved Gethyllis. PLATE XLI. 188 1. Veltheimia glauca.

Glaucous Veltheimia (variety), 189 2. Bessera elegans. Elegant Bessera. 190 3. Brodiæa grandiflora. Large-flowered Brodiæa. 191 4. Camassia esculenta. Eatable Camassia. 192 5. Calliprora lutea. Yellow Calliprora. 193 6. Puschkinia scilloides. SquiU-like Puschkinia. PLATE XLII. 194 1. Albuca major. Larger Albuca. 195 2. A. exiviata. Adder's-skin Albuca. 196 3. A. physodes. Dingy-flowered Albuca. 197 4. Gagea glauca. Glaucous-leaved Gagea. 198 5. G. minima. The least Gagea. 199 6. Orithyia uniflora. Single-flowered Orithyia. 200 7. Anthericum serotinum. Late-flowering Mountain Spider-wort. PLATE XLII I. 201 1. Ornithogalum thyrsoides. Thyrse-flowered Star of Bethlehem. 202 2. O. arabicum. Arabian Ornithogalum. 203 3. O. aureum. Golden Ornithogalum. 204 4. O. narbonense. Narbonne Ornithogalum. 205 5.

O. nutans. Drooping Star of Bethlehem. PLATE XLIV. 206 1. Urginea maritima. Sea Onion. 207 2. Bellevalia romana. Roman Squill. 208 3. Barnardia scilloides. Squill-like Barnardia. 209 4. Myogalum nutans. Common Harebell. 210 5. Uropetalon fulvum. Copper-coloured Uropetalon. PLATE XLV. 211 1 . Scilla campanulata. Spanish Squill. 212 2. S. italica. Italian Squill. 213 3. S. esculenta. Eatable Squill. LIST OF PLATES. X FIG. MGE 214 4. S. autumnalis. Autumn Squill. 215 5. S. sibirica. Siberian Squill. 216,217 6 & 7. S. bifolia. Two-flowered Squill. 218 8. S. verna. The Spring Squill. 219 9. S. amœnula. The few-flowered Squill. PLATE XLVI. 212 220 1. Hyacinthus amethystus. The Spanish Hyacinth. 221 2. H. spicatus. Spike-flowered Hyacinth. 222 to 225 3 to 6. H. orientalis. Common Hyacinth (four varieties).

PLATE XLVII. 224 226 1. Lachenalia pendula. Pendulous Lachenalia. 227 2. Muscari macroL-arpum. Large-fruited Grape Hyacinth. 228 3. M. comosum. Tassel Hyacinth. 229 4. Drimia elata. The tall Drimia. 230 5. Eriospermum Bellendeni. Mr. Bellenden Ker's Eriospermum. PLATE XLVIII. 232 231 1. Allium cœruleum. Blue Allium. 232 2. A. longifolium. Long-leaved Garlic. 233 3. A. Moly. The yellow Moly. 234 4. A. Bisculum. Furrowed Garlic. 235 5. A. Neapolitanum. Neapolitan Allium. 236 6. A. triquetrum. Triangular-stemmed Garlic. 237 7. A. striatellum. Streaked Allium. PLATE XLIX. 240 238 1. Conanthera campanulata. Bell-shaped Conanthera. 239 2. Tritelia laxa. Loose-flowered Tritelia. 240 3. T. uniflora. Single-flowered Tritelia. 241 4. Hesperoscordum lacteum. Milk-white Missouri Hyacinth. 242 5. Leucorine odorata.

Sweet-scented Leucorine. 243 6. Milla biflora. Two-flowered Milla. 244 7. M. uniflora. Single-flowered Milla. 245 8. Cyanella lutea. Yellow Cyanella. PLATE L. 244 246 1. Tulipa oculis soiis. Sun's eye Tulip. 247 2. T. cornuta. Horned Tulip. 248 3. T. sylvestris. Wild Tulip. 249 4. T. clusiana. Sicilian Tulip. 250 5. T. suaveolens. Due Van Thol Tulip. 251 6. T. montana. Mountain Tulip. 252 7. T. capensis. Cels's Tulip. 253 8. T. biflora. Two-flowered Tulip. 254 9. T. steUata. Starry Tulip. PLATE LI. 248 255 1. Tulipa Gesneriana. 256 2. The Duke of Sutherland— a Bizarre. 257 3. The Duchess of Montrose — a rose. 258 4. The Claude— a Biblomen. 259 5. The Parrot Tulip. PLATE LIT.. 250 260 1. Fritillaria imperialis. Crown imperial. PAGK FIG. 261 2. F. persica B. i perg.an Fritillary. 262 3. F. persica.

J 263 4. F. leucocaultia. White-flowered Fritillary. 264 5. F. meleagris. Checquered Fritillary. 265 6. F. pyrenaica. Black Fritillary. 266 7. F. lutea. Yellow Fritillary. 267 8. F. obliqua. Oblique-leaved Fritillary. PLATE LIII. 254 268 1. Calochortus macrocarpus. Long-fruited Calochortus. 269 2. C. venustus. Beautiful Calochortus. 270 3. C. splendens. Splendid Calochortus. 271 4. C. luteus. Yellow Calochortus. 272 5. Cyclobothra barbata. Purple Cyclobothra. 273 6. C. alba. White Cyclobothra. 274 7. C. pulchella. Pretty Cyclobothra. PLATE LIV. 256 275 1 . Lilium bulbiferum. Common Orange Lily. 276 2. L. candidum. White Lily. 277 3. L. canadense. Canadian Lily. 278 4. Variety. 279 5. L. Catesbei. Catesby's Lily. 280 6. L. Buschianum. 281 7. L. philadelphicum. Philadelphian Lily. 282 8. L. concolor.

One-coloured Lily. PLATE LV. 258 283 1. Lilium japonicum. Japan Lily. 284 2. L. lanceolatum. Lanceolate-leaved Lily. 285 3. L. speciosum. Showy Lily. 286 4. L. Thunbergianum. Thunberg's Lily. PLATE LVI. 260 287 1. Lilium tigrinum. 288 2. L. superbum. Superb Lily. 289 3. L. martagon. Turk's-cap Lily. 290 4. L. carolinianum. 291 5. L. tenuifolium. 292 6. L. pomponium. Pyrenean Lily. 293 7. L. autumnale. 294 8. L. chalcedonicum. Scarlet Martagon. PLATE LVII. 262 295 1. Lilium monadelphum. Caucasian Lily. 296 2. L. Pomponium rubrum. 297 3. L. pumilum. PLATE LVIII. 266 298 1. Colchicum variegatum. Variegated Colchicum. 299 2. C. crociflorum. Crocus-flowered Colchicum. 300 3. Erithronium longifolium. Dog's-tooth Violet. 301 4. E. grandiflorum. Large-flowered Dog's-tooth Violet. 302 5. Ornithoglossum undulatum. 303 6.

Merendera caucasica. Caucasian Merendera. 304 7. Melanthium uniflorum. One-flowered Melanthium. 305 8. Bulbocodium vernum. Spring Bulbocodium. OF ®mwmMM IMtoti^ pi&etgu