Ireland; historical and statistical

Front matter

IRELAND: ©ístortral anb ârtattëttcal. BY GEORGE LEWIS SMYTH. VOL. I. LONDON: WHITTAKEE AND CO., AVE MARIA LANE. MDCCCXLIV. LONDON. WILLIAM STEVENS, PRINTER, BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR. TO NICHOLAS MAHER, ESQ., M.P., TURTULLA, TIPPERARY. My dear Maher, It affords me peculiar pleasure to dedicate to you this account of the past and present state of our country. If I were to recapitulate here all the motives which have led me to prefix your name to these pages, I should trespass upon the reserve of private friendship. There are public grounds, however, on which the selection becomes so appropriate, that I may be fairly allowed to mention some of them. As a constant resident in the country — a practical agricul turalist — a large landed proprietor — and one of the representatives in Parliament of an extensive, populous, and wealthy county, — you take, I know, a deep interest in the subject itself, and will regard, I am sure, with indulgence, this attempt to make its importance more generally understood.

There are, it is true, opinions expressed and views taken in this Work, which neither you, nor a large number of our fellow countrymen, at present coincide in. I am not, however, the less disposed, on that account, to place it in your hands or theirs. I have studied to be impartial, and spoken deliberate convictions ; and I rely with confidence upon the candour dedication. and justice of all parties, for an honest appreciation of my intentions in offering this humble contribution to the cause we have all at heart — the good of Ireland. I am, my dear Maher, Ever truly and sincerely yours, GEO. LEWIS SMYTH. Bridge Street, Westminster, April, 1844. ADDRESS THE OBJECT of this work is to present to tlie Reader a plain Summary of the Past and Present State of Ireland ; and to trace impartially to their sources the more prominent causes of the wretchedness and discontent by which the Country and the People have almost from time immemorial been distracted.

For this purpose the work will be Historical and Statistical. It will contain, under distinct heads — A SUMMARY of the principal STATISTICAL and POLI- TICAL FACTS which give a character to the Population and to the Government of the Country. A SERIES of OUTLINES of the HISTORY of the Connection with England, in which an attempt will be made to distinguish and account for the various systems and practices applied to the management of Irish Affairs, from the Invasion of Henry II. to the Present Time. A REVIEW of the PROSPECTS and Progress of Public Works in Ireland — Canals, Navigations, Railways, &c, in which the policy of continuing the system of control and assistance hitherto maintained will be discussed. A CRITICAL ACCOUNT of the state of Agriculture and the Reclamations of Waste Lands — of the relations between Landlord and Tenant — and the Laws in force with respect to Land, its owners and occupiers.

Chapter I. Statistical And Political Summary

NUMBER OF ACRES AND PEOPLE. — THEIR OCCUPATIONS, DWEL LINGS, AND EXTENT OF EDUCATION. — VALUE AND RENTAL OF LAND. — TAXATION AND DEBT. — EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. — ESTAB LISHMENTS, THEIR NUMBER, OBJECTS, AND EXPENSES. — HOW FILLED. — COLONIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT. — ITS INJURIOUS EFFECTS. POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ABOLISHING IT, AND ADMI NISTERING THE AFFAIRS OF IRELAND AS THOSE OF SCOTLAND ARE ADMINISTERED.— RECAPITULATION. According to the Report of the Census Commissioners of Ireland for 1841, the surface of the island contains 8,175,124 persons, and 20,808,271 acres. Deducting from the latter 630,825 acres of water, the land will consist of 20,177,446 acres.* Of these there are 374,482 which are covered by * There appears some discrepancy in the separate statements of the Commissioners under this head.

At page XIII of the Report, the number of arable acres is set forth at 20,765,342. At page 452, the number of acres upon the surface of the island is given as 20,808,271, which seems an error, as if the acreage in water be added to the arable acreage enumerated at p. XIII, the total surface would be 21,396,167. There has been a Parliamentary Census of the Population of Ireland three times, according to which the inhabitants were — In 1821 ...... 6,801,827 1831 7,767,401 1841 8,175,124 being an addition from 1821 to 1831 of about 14i per cent., and but 5è per cent, from 1831 to 1841; as to which, however, the Commissioners assert that the numbers returned in 1831 were greater, and those in 1821 vol.1. b y plantations, 13,464,300 which are cultivated, and 6,295,735 waste. Upon the same authority we learn that the 8,175,124 persons inhabit 1,328,839 houses, of which 491,278 are mud cabins containing only one room ; 533,297 are mud cabins containing from two to four rooms ; 264,184 good farm-houses, and houses in the back streets of towns, containing from four to nine rooms ; and 40,080 are houses of a better description.

Out of the total number of 1,328,839 dwellings, therefore, no less than 1,024,575 are mud cabins. Again, of the total number of inhabitants, 8,175,124, no less than 625,356 families, numbering 3,470,725 persons, live in single rooms, while the rural population engrosses 7,039,659. The wages of the labouring portion of this monstrous majority vary in the South and West from éd. to 10d., and in the North from 8c.. to Is. a day. Under so depressed a state of things, it cannot surprise us to find the Commissioners of Poor Enquiry in the year 1836* reporting that 2,385,000 of the whole less than the actual population. But from the native population, from 1831 to 1841, there were drafts in the way of Emigration to the Colonies . . . 428,471 „ Great Britain . . . 104,814 Recruits for the Army .... 34,090 „ East India Company . . 5,089 572,464 This number added to the resident population gives a total of 8,747,588.

Subjecting the Returns for 1831 to the same corrections, there appear— Census of 1831 7,767,401 Emigration from 1821 to 1831 . . 70,000 Recruits do 46,402 __ , 7,883,803 Deduct Army in Ireland . . . 29,486 Computed Population in 1831 . . 7,854 317 Doin 1841 . . 8',747',588 Computed increase . . . 893 271 being an increase of nearly 12 per cent. Census Report 1841 * Third Report, p. 5. The estimate is— "Number of persons out' of work, and m distress, during 30 weeks in the year, 585,000— number of persons dependent upon them, 1,800,000,— in the whole, 2 385 000" In the preceding page, the average earnings of agricultural labourers in England are stated to be from 8_. to 10.. a week ; and in Ireland, from __ o>. 10 à.S. Ou. population are paupers ; and as that population has since increased, and the unproductive harvests of three ungenial seasons in succession have added to the general distress, we are not warranted, unfortunately, in supposing that there is now less destitution and suffering in Ireland than there was eight years ago.

Amongst a people so poor, it follows as a natural consequence that a large body should also be ex tremely ignorant. Out of the total resident population, after deducting children under five years of age, the Census Com missioners return 3,766,066 as unable to read or write. In the following Table, drawn up from the Report of the Census Commissioners, by D. Phelan, Esq., Author of the " Enquiry into the Medical Charities of Ireland,'''' and late an Assistant Poor Law Commissioner, a striking view is exhi bited of the circumstances and condition of the population. B 2 PROVINCE. COUNTY. Population of County. Number of Persons residing in Houses of 4th Class Accommodation. Proportion per Cent. of the Population residing in Houses of 4th Class Accommodation. Leinster. Wexford Dublin . . . . Kilkenny Carlow County Queen's County Wicklov. ....

Upon thinking men, they will necessarily produce so deep an impression, as to render the simplest recapitulation of them sufficient to fix their true character upon the memory. They are, 1st, the large quantity of uncultivated compared with cultivated land — 6,295,735 to 13,464,300 acres : 2ndly, the vast preponderance in the number of persons dependent upon agriculture 7,039,659 out of 8,175,124: 3rdly, the excess of mud cabins —1,024,575 out of 1,328,839 dwellings: 4thly, the abject poverty and ignorance shown in the low rate of wages and the inability of 3,766,066 persons above five years of age either to read or to write. Under these few heads we detect the deep-seated and PROVINCE. COUNTY. Population of County. Number of Persons residing in Houses of 4th Class Accommodation. Proportion per Cent. of the Population residing in Houses of 4th Class Accommodation.

Ulster— continued. Connaught. Tyrone . Londonderry Cavan . . . . Fermanagh . . . Donegal . . . . Leitrim . . . . Roscommon . . Sligo . . . . Galway County and Town Mayo . . . . 312,956 222,174 243,158 156,481 296,448 155,297 253,591 180,886 440,198 388,887 114,922 82,478 88,860 64,313 139,876 70,540 121,467 89,277 229,142 241,052 Mean. 3fif 37 37* 41 47 45* 47} 49 52 62 Total of Leinster Total of Munster 1,973,754 2,396,161 712,350 1,181,543 Mean.. 36è Mean. 49* Mean. 34* Mean. 52} Total of Ulster 2,386,373 820,967 Total os Connaught . 1,418,859 751,478 Total of Ireland 8,175,147 3,466,338 Mean. 42* ■J wide-spread roots of many of those evils which are a shame to our humanity ; and of not a few of the heavy grievances long reasonably but unavailingly complained of and remonstrated against — evils and grievances of which the dark and disheartening parallel is not to be found in any other country in Europe.* * Of the many writers who have described the distress of the Irish poor, the last is the best.

His relation of the persons, places, the objects he saw, and the impressions produced upon his mind by them, is plain and without vanity or prejudice. In his preceding travels, the poorest people in the poorest countries of Europe, had fallen under his notice : he came to visit Ireland with an intimate knowledge of the miseries endured by pauper populations, such as no other traveller with whom we are acquainted has possessed. The following extract from the recently published " Travels in Ireland," by J. G. Kohl, is long, but too truthful and forcible to be abridged : — " I remember, when I saw the poor Lettes in Livonia, I used to pity them for having to live in huts built of the unhewn logs of trees, the crevices being stopped up with moss. I pitied them on account of their low doors, and their diminutive windows, and gladly would I have ar ranged their chimnies for them in a more suitable manner.

Well, Heaven pardon my ignorance. I knew not that I should ever see a people on whom Almighty God had imposed yet heavier privations. Now that I have seen Ireland, it seems to me that the Lettes, the Esthonians, and the Finlanders, lead a life of comparative comfort, and poor Paddy would feel like a King with their houses, their habiliments, and their daily fare. " A wooden house, with moss to stop up its crevices, would be a palace in the wild regions of Ireland. Paddy's cabin is built of earth, one shovelful over the other, with a few stones mingled here and there, till the wall is high enough. But perhaps you will say, the roof is thatched or covered with bark. Ay, indeed ! A few sods of grass cut from a neighbouring bog are his only thatch. Well, but a window or two at least, if it be only a pane of glass fixed in the wall, or the bladder of some animal, or a piece of talc, as may often be seen in a Wallachian hut ?

What idle luxury were this ! There are thousands of cabins in which not a trace of a window is to be seen; nothing but a little square hole in front, which doubles the duty of door, window and chimney ; light, smoke, pigs, and children, all must pass in and out of the same aperture ! "A French author, Beaumont, who had seen the Irish peasant in his cabin, and the North American Indian in his wigwam, has assured us that the savage is better provided for than the poor man in Ireland. In deed, the question may be raised, whether in the whole world a nation is to be found that is subjected to such physical privations as the peasantry in some parts of Ireland. This fact cannot be placed in too strong a light; for if it can once be shown that the wretchedness of the Irish population is without a parallel example on the globe, surely every friend of humanity will feel himself called on to reflect whether means may not be found for remedying an evil of so astounding a magnitude !

" A Russian peasant, no doubt, is the slave of a harder master, but still he is fed and housed to his content, and no trace of mendicancy is to be seen in him. The Hungarians are certainly not among the best used people in the world ; still, what fine wheaten bread, and what wine, has Having grown up, and been suffered to exist notwithstanding the intimate connection of England with Ireland, and the laws passed by the legislature of Great Britain, they must be even the humblest among them for his daily fare ! The Hungarian would scarcely believe it, if he were to be told there was a country in which the inhabitants must content themselves with potatoes every alternate day in the year. " Servia and Bosnia are reckoned among the most wretched countries of Europe, and certainly the appearance of one of their villages has little that is attractive about it ; but at least the people, if badly housed, are well clad.

We look not for much luxury or comfort among the Tartars of the Crimea ; we call them poor and barbarous, but, good heavens ! they lock at least like human creatures. They have a national costume, their houses are habitable, their orchards are carefully tended, and their gailyharnessed ponies are mostly in good condition. An Irishman has nothing national about him but his rags, — his habitation is without a plan, his domestic economy without rule or law. We have beggars and paupers among us, but they form at least an exception : whereas, in Ireland, beggary or abject poverty is the prevailing rule. The nation is one of beggars, and they who are above beggary seem to form the exception. " The African negroes go naked, but then they have a tropical sun to warm them. The Irish are little removed from a state of nakedness, and their climate, though not cold, is cool, and extremely humid.

"The Indians in America live wretchedly enough at times, but they have no knowledge of a better condition, and, as they are hunters, they have every now and then a productive chase, and are able to make a number of feast days in the year. Many Irishmen have but one day on which they eat flesh, namely, on Christmas-day. Every other day they feed on potatoes, and nothing but potatoes. Now this is inhuman ; for the appetite and stomach of man claim variety in food, and nowhere else do we find human beings gnawing, from year's end to year's end, at the same root, berry, or weed. There are animals who do so, but human beings nowhere, except in Ireland. " There are nations of slaves, but they have, by long custom, been made unconscious of the yoke of slavery. This is not the case with the Irish, who have a strong feeling of liberty within them, and are fully sensible of the weight of the yoke they have to bear.

They are intelligent enough to know the injustice done them by the distorted laws of their country : and while they are themselves enduring the extreme of poverty, they have frequently before them, in the manner of life of their English landlords, a spectacle of the most refined luxury that human ingenuity ever invented. " What awakens the most painful feelings in travelling through one of these rocky, boggy districts, rich in nothing but ruins, is this : — Whether you look back into the past, or forward to the future, no prospect more cheering presents itself. There is not the least trace left to show that the country has ever been better cultivated, or that a happier race ever dwelt in it. It seems as if wretchedness had prevailed there from time immemorial—as if rags had succeeded rags, bog had formed over bog, ruins had given birth to ruins, and beggars had begotten beggars, for à long series of centuries.

Nor does the future present a more cheering view Even for the poor Greeks under Turkish domination, there was more hone than for the Irish under the English." taken to prove that there has prevailed, either the most cul pable ignorance and heartless indifference to the strength and welfare of the empire at large ; or a sad and verydiscreditable want of foresight, wisdom, and liberality, amongst the various statesmen who for many years past have been permitted to hold the destinies of the three kingdoms in their hands. Who can wonder that discontent, insubordination, and even crime, should predominate, where misery — the unvarying lot of the multitude — has always been compressed into the most rigid forms of intense suffering ì Who will doubt that the improvement of a country thus deeply wretched, must, if it is to be permanent, spring from the very lowest foundations of the social system ?

We must begin at the bottom and work upwards. If the essential evil be not first of all corrected —if the 2,385,000 paupers, crowded into their 1,024,527 huts, with 5,000,000 acres* of reclaimable waste land around them, be not promptly dealt with — if the craving wants of this great mass be not appeased, if food and raimeni be not brought within the reach of the famished tillers of the soil, their half-clad wives, and naked children — it is utterly vain to hope that any other labour, however noble and extensive in its plan, and however strenuous and honourable the efforts made to carry it out, can, by possibility, be sound in its origin, successful in its prosecution, or suffice to regenerate this desolate and discomfited nation ? The value of the cultivated land in Ireland, excepting pas ture fields in the immediate neighbourhood of the better sort of towns and con acre lettings, varies from 10s. to £2 10s. an acre per annum.

The rent of town fields and of fields set in con acre, rises from £3 to £6, £8, and even £10 an acre per annum. Of the first named land, pasturage bears the highest rent. The most productive arable land in the best situations is eagerly taken at £1 10s. and £1 15s. an acre per annum. Upon the whole, these rents do not appear to be considered excessive — that is, they are not higher than the ground, pro- * This is the common estimate of the quantity of land now waste but held to be reclaimable. perly cultivated, would enable an industrious tenant to pay, if duly assisted by capital, and the protection of a fair tenure. In the generality of cases, however, there is neither adequate capital, nor a fair tenure : in some the capital exists, but the sharp and precarious conditions of the tenure operate strongly against its application.

If both capital and a fair tenure were to be happily conjoined, there are few persons well acquainted with the country and the people, who would not be sanguine in their expectations of a considerable increase in the produce and consequent value of the land in Ireland. Mr. Wakefield, in 1812, estimated the rental of Ireland at =£17,000,000. (Vol. ii. p. 835.) In the evidence given in 1830 before the Commons Committee of Inquiry on the State of the Poor in Ireland, we find one witness of opinion that the rental was then .£12,000,000, and another that it was £15, 000,000. The valuation of the Poor Law Com missioners, completed, but not yet presented to Parliament, is understood to stand at between £13,000,000 and £14,000,000. In the latter case, the prescribed standard of calculation, and a number of deductions not unreasonably allowed under the circumstances, give a smaller amount than the real sum of the total rental.

If, however, we add the ap plicable data of the Census Commissioners, by way of further illustration, we shall bring together probably the fullest and most minute materials it is possible to obtain for a calculation of the true rental of all property in land in Ireland. It appears (Census Report, pp. 454, 455) that the live stock upon the land, as to description, number, and value, stands thus : — ■ 552,569 Horses and Mules, at £8 each . . £4,420,552 1,840,025 Cattle . . — £6 10.. ditto . . 11,960,158 2,091,199 Sheep . . — £1 2s. ditto . . 2,300,317 1,353,101 Pigs . . — £1 5s. ditto . . 1,691,373 8,334,427 Poultry . . — 6d. ditto . . 208,353 90,315 Asses . . — £1 ditto . . 90,315 Total value of live stock . . . £20,671,068 As such property forms a principal material in the computation of rent ; and as the land must always be held to present an amount of property corresponding with the value of this stock ; it has been quoted here as an incidental test that our estimate of the annual rental of the whole country is not excessive in the following detail : — £ 13,464,300 acres, from 10s. to £2 10s. per acre . . 20,196,450 Say 100 acres of field-land, surrounding 300 towns at from £3 to £8 a year per acre . . . . 135,000 Sites of towns, at £25 per acre, in round numbers . 1,063,225 £21,394,675 There are English agriculturists who assert that the quan tity and value of the produce of the soil in Ireland is to be doubled by an improved system of cultivation.

Without taking that opinion into the account, it seems but fair to con tend, after all the evidence adduced and the experiments tried during the last thirty years, that at least 5,000,000 acres of waste land are reclaimable upon the cheap terms of devoting to them the labour of the unemployed pauper population. By this easy process, the course of a few years would suffice to add £5,000,000 a year to the present rental of £21,394,675. The other fountains of national wealth in Ireland are few, and, comparatively speaking, insignificant. The country abounds in mines, and mining operations of late years have been prosecuted upon an enlarged scale, with considerable success and fair profit. Four thousand tons of Irish copper appear to have been sold in a month last year at Swansea, and to have produced £30,000.

The quantity of coal raised — it is principally anthracite — is on the increase both in the North and South, and it is now preferred to turf by the cottiers who can afford to use it. Still, neither the money embarked nor the money made by mining pursuit is considerable. In those great departments of productive industry, public works and public companies, much has been projected, and but little attempted. Of that little, moreover, only a small fractional part has proved lucrative. The mischievous interference of successive administrations, as will be shown in detail in a subsequent chapter, is chiefly to be blamed for this serious misfortune. Four or five Joint-stock Banks, two or three Steam-boat, and one or two Mining Companies, are the only bodies of this description by which a good return has been realised upon the capital invested in them.

The total number* of Joint-stock Companies is 32 ; the amount of their united paid up capitals, £9,327,730; and the total annual dividends thereupon £508,105 8*. We cannot now, as we formerly could, produce with all desirable fulness and accuracy accounts illustrative of the income and expenditure of Ireland, the condition of the country, and the progress made in developing its resources. By the consolidation, not only of the national debts of Great Britain and Ireland, in the year 1816 ; but subsequently of their public Exchequers, Boards of Customs, Excise, and other great departments of financial government, an end was put to a number of separate offices and establishments, and in their stead was formed a general system of books and returns for the empire at large. It is thus no longer an easy task to show the extent of the operations carried on in a portion of the whole.

Owing to the difficulties thus standing in our way, and our in ability to present here, in an abridged shape, and upon un questionable authority, the information it would be proper, if possible, to give, it will be necessary to place together a more numerous collection of extracts from official papers than under different circumstances would be called for. Committees of the House of Commons sat and published Reports in the years 1811, 1812, and 1813 upon the Income and Expenditure of Ireland. The following accounts from the last of these will supply the more important details. * They consist of 10 Banking, 3 Canal, 6 Navigation, 4 Railway, 2 In surance, 3 Mining, 3 Steam-boat, and 1 Steam-ship Building Company. The Amount of Payments made by Great Britain, on account of the Joint Charge of the United Kingdom ; and also, the Expense of managing and collecting the Revenue of Great Britain ; — in Twelve Years, ended 5th January, 1813.

(British Currency.) Management. (British Currency.) Totals. (British Currency.)

(In British Currency). t i _. tj .• . n . n. .• . • 67,000,652 8 8 Ireland s Proportion of Contribution . 60 005 921 2 43 Expenditure by Ireland (deducted) . ... ' ' Underpaid by Ireland . . . £6,994,731 6 3£ From this is to be deducted the following Payments made by Ireland : In the year 1810 . • ; 0 0 " ,o,, * ' 1,656,276 0 0 " ivl£ .... 4,391,276 0 0 Which leaves the Balance due by Ireland, 5th January 1813 . ■ £2,603,455 6 3j Payments made by Ireland, in 1812, on the Joint Account Payments made in Great Britain, in 1812, on the Joint of Great Britain and Ireland. Account of Great Britain and Ireland. No. 1.— Payments out of the Consolidated Fund, £ ». d. No. 1.— Payments out of the Consolidated £ ». d for Civil List, Pensions, and other permanent Fund . . • ■ ■ 1',,",,'a , . Charges . ... 474,300 17 8Ì No. 2.— Civil Government of Scotland . 112,748 2 7 No. 2.— Payments in anticipation of Exchequer No. 3.— Payments in anticipation of Exche- ___._. _ a3 Receipts . • • 151,742 13 11s quer Receipts .... 582,675 8 »T No. 3.— Payments for Ordnance Services . 514,547 Oil No. 4.— Payments for Naval Services . 20,500,339 7 0 No. 4.— Payments for Army Services . .3,208,845 17 2i No. 5.— Payments for Ordnance Services .

W « No. 5.— Payments for Miscellaneous Services . 503,880 10 lè No. 6.— Payments for Army Services . 24,J07,286 1& 11* ' No j Subsidies, &c. . . ■ 5,d1o,o_o o lit , „ . .. „ 4.853>316 19 u No! 8!— Payments' for Miscellaneous Services 1,448,007 14 3^ Expenses of managing and collecting the Ke- — — — venue of Ireland, in the year ended the 5th . 58,719,010 17 1* January 1813 .... 895,085 7 9} No. 9.— Expenses of managing and collecting . the Revenue .... 3,273,242 0 0 Irish Currency . £ 5,748,402 7 8} tne nevenue ! ! British Currency . £ 5,306,217 11 8f £61,992,252 17 lj Abstract of the Ordinary Revenues of Ireland, in each Year, from 25th March, 1799, to 5th January, 1813. (In Irish Currrency.) Gross Receipt within the Year. Payments out of the Gross Revenue. Net Produce applicable to National Objects, and to Payments into theExchequer .

Many sets of account used by the Com mittee of 1813 had by this time ceased to appear; but by calling for special Returns, Mr. Rice was enabled to present a variety of Tables of the Public Income and Expenditure of Ireland, from 1792 to 1830. We shall give those for the years ending Jan. 5, 1828, 1829, and 1830, first quoting an estimate of Exports and Imports. Official Value of E: PORTS. Official Value of Imports. General Total of Exports. Native Produce. Foreign Goods. Average of 3 years, ending Jan. 5, 1812 The year ending Jan. 5, 1812 The year ending Jan. 5, 1813 £ 7,089,246 £ 5,571,589 £ 404,939 £ 5,976,528 7,231,603 5,833,996 256,415 6,090,411 8,820,359 6,463,744 404,424 6,868,168 Years. Exports to GreatBritain. Imports from all Parts. 1801 1809 1813 1817 1821 1825 £ ». d. 3,270,350 12 0 5,316,557 5 1 6,746,353 12 10 4,722,766 0 3 5,338,838 4 6 7,048,936 5 6 £ s. d. 4,621,344 16 6 6,896,821 18 10 7,797,286 11 0 5,646,563 3 9 6,407,427 15 9 8,596,785 8 An Account showing the Net Public Income and Expenditure of Ireland, Ways and Means provided, within the same Period, by the Income. — Years ended 5th Jan. 1828.

Monies remaining in the Exchequer at the commencement of the Year . £ ». d. £ ». d. 565,812 3 1 The Net Payments into the Exchequer of the following several Duties or Revenues ; viz. 1,502,566 2 8 1,469,141 12 5 436,085 13 0 78,000 0 0 Customs Excise Stamps Postage of Letters Poundage Fee, Pells Fees, Treasury Fees, Hospital Fee and Casualties . 9,896 8 0 Total Ordinary Revenue . . . £ 3,495,689 16 1 Other Receipts. Repayment of Money advanced for Public Works or other Public Objects Monies repaid by Public Accountants, and other Miscellaneous Payments . Total Income 172,983 17 9* 13,667 16 5 3,682,341 10 3* Total . . . . £ 4,248,153 13 4* Expenditure. — Years ended 5th Jan. 18 18. Dividend, Interest and Management of the Public Funded Debt, payable in Ireland Civil List Other Payments out of the Consolidated Fund £ ». d. £ ». d. 1,163,222 9 7 207,000 0 0 303,199 19 0 Total Payments out of the Consolidated Fund 1,673,422 8 7 Payments on Account f Army . . of Grants of Parlia- -< Ordnance . . ment .... [.Miscellaneous 1,026,826 10 9 (Paid by British Exchi 367,322 18 8 iquer, from this time.)