Life in the Forests of the Far East. With numerous illustrations

Front matter

LIFE IN THE FORESTS OF THE FAR EAST. A**! R LIFE ESs THE FORESTS OF THE FAR EAST; OR TRAVELS IN NORTHERN BORNEO. BY SPENSER ST. JOHN, F.R.G.S, F.E.S, FORMERLY H.M.'S CONSUL-GENERAL IN THE ISLAND OF BORNEO, AND NOW H.M.'S CHARGE D'AFFAIRES TO THE REPUBLIC OF HAYTI. WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. SECOND EDITION, REVISED. LONDON: SMITH, ELDER AND CO., 65, CORNHILL. M.DCCC.LXIII. PEEFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The first edition of this work has been received in so favourable a manner, that I am more than satisfied. I have read over about thirty reviews, and have endeavoured in this edition to foUow as far as possible those suggestions which appeared practicable, without completely changing the form and intention of the work. I must, however, distinctly affirm, that it was not my object to write an exhaustive book like Sir Emerson Tennant's masterly volumes on Ceylon: I proposed simply to give the results of my own obser vations, with such assistance as I could obtain from my immediate friends.

Borneo is, I beEeve, destined to be an island of great poEtical and commercial importance to that nation which is sufficiently wise to secure the north west coast, commanding as it does the China Seas, and possessing not only mineral and agricultural wealth, but some of the best harbours in the world. There is the land, but the strong government is wanting which would attract tens of thousands of those industrious Chinese, whom hunger has driven to join that rebellion which is now desolating the fairest provinces of China. VI

Preface

TO THE SECOND EDITION. Let any one take up the map of Asia, and glance at the relative positions of these two countries. Here, to the north, is the most populous empire in the world, teeming with industrious hands, seeking a soil to cultivate, while within ten days' sail is a vast island almost unpeopled, but capable of affording support to at least a third of the population of China. For Borneo, be it remembered, stretches from 4° 20' south, to 7° north latitude, and from 108-50 to 118-55 east longitude, and is about 830 statute miles in its greatest length, and 700 in breadth. It has been roughly calculated that the whole island contains but 3,000,000 inhabitants, but I need scarcely say that there are no data by which to judge accurately. We may, however, feel assured that the country is very thinly peopled, and that there is room for a vast immigration.

Borneo affords every variety of soil and climate, from the rich warm low-lands, to the steep hiEs and lofty mountains where the mighty rivers take their rise. These streams penetrate into the far interior, and are of incalculable advantage as affording the benefits of cheap transport, and along their banks the first immigrants might be located. Many of my readers wiE have doubtless heard of the expedition which is now preparing in England, to aid the Chinese Government in suppressing the rebellion, and that the whole affair is in good hands— the political arrangements being confided to Mr. Lay, and the naval to Capt. Sherard Osborne. It naturally occurred to these officers, that during their operations thousands of prisoners, men, women, and chEdren, would fall

PREFACE.

TO THE SECOND EDITION. VII into their hands ; if they were given up to the Chinese mandarins a wholesale massacre would take place, and yet it would be impossible to let them go, to be destroyed by the peasantry, or to starve to death. Give a bridge to a flying enemy, and there is Borneo ready to receive as many as the local authorities can provide for. Sarawak is the best point to commence with, as it is the only place where a regular govern ment is established. Let even twenty thousand be settled there, and the trade of that rising little state would be doubled ; but should the immigration once commence, it would doubtless assume great proportion and continue until every acre of useless jungle is cleared away, to give place to rice, pepper, gambir, sugar-cane, cotton, coffee, indigo, and those other products which flourish on its fertile soil.

Though far away in the west, I shall look with great interest upon any scheme destined to relieve the suffering multitudes of China, by removing them to an island where their exertions are required to enable it to take its place among the great producing countries of the world. I feel assured that the interest felt in England about the future of Borneo, is at present but the faint blush of the dawn, to be followed by the brightness of the midday sun. To this edition I have added an introduction, a chapter on pirates, another on animals, as weE as a full index, and have also corrected the whole book as carefuEy as I could, and occasionally introduced some new anecdote.

PREFACE.

I have explained in a short introduction the object and plan of the present volumes, and have little more to say, beyond a reference to the assistance I have received, and the plates and maps which accompany and iEustrate them. In order to prevent mistakes, and correct my own impressions, I submitted a series of questions to four gentlemen who were intimately acquainted with the Dayak tribes, and they gave me most useful information in reply. To Mr. Charles Johnson and the Bev. WEliam Chalmers I am in debted for very copious and valuable notes on the Sea and Land Dayaks ; and to the Rev. Walter Chambers and the Bev. William Gomez for more concise, yet stiE interesting accounts of the tribes with whom they Eve. To Mr. Hugh Low, the Colonial Treasurer of Labuan, I am under special obligations, as he freely placed at my disposal the journals he had kept during our joint expeditions, as well as those relating to some

PREFACE.

. IX districts which I have not visited. It is to be re gretted that he has not himself prepared a work on the North-West Coast, as no man possesses more varied experience or a more intimate knowledge of the people. With regard to the plates contained in this work, I am indebted to the courtesy of George Bentham, Esq., the President of the Linnean Society, for per mission to engrave the figures of the Nepenthes from the admirable ones published in Vol. XXII. of that Society's Transactions, and which being of the size of life are the more valuable. I have inserted, with Dr. Hooker's permission, his description of the Bornean Nepenthes ; and it will always be a subject of regret that the British Govern ment did not carry out their original intention of sending this able botanist to investigate the Flora of Borneo, which is perhaps as extraordinary as any in the world.

I have also to thank the Rev. Charles Johnson, of White Lackington, and Charles Bunyon, Esq., for the photographs which they placed at my disposal, and which have enabled me to insert, among other plates, the most Efe-like pictures of the Land and Sea Dayaks I have ever seen. To the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel I am also indebted for

PREFACE.

. X their generous offer to place all their drawings at my disposal. I must likewise draw attention to the exquisite manner in which the plates of the Nepenthes are coloured, and to the beauty of the engravings in general. They are admirably illustrative of the country, and do very great credit to the lithographers, Messrs. Day and Son, and to their exceEent draughts men. I ought also to mention that the Nepenthes are drawn less than half the natural size, as it was found impracticable to introduce the full size without many folds, which would have speedEy destroyed the beauty of the plates. I will add a few words respecting the maps. The one of the districts around Kina Balu was constructed from the observations made during our two expedi tions to that mountain. The map of the Limbang and Baram rivers is the result of many observations, and with regard to the position of the main moun tains, I think substantially correct, as they were fixed with the aid of the best instruments.

The third map is inserted in order to give a general idea of the North-West Coast, though the run of some of the rivers is laid down by conjecture. CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction 1

Chapter I

The Sea Dayaks ....... 25 Habitat of the Sea Dayaks — Start for the Lundu — Inland Passages — Fat Venison — The Lundu — Long Village House — Chinese Gardens — ■ Picturesque Waterfall — The Lundu Dayaks — Their Village — Gradual Extinction of the Tribe — A Squall — Child-birth — Girl Bitten by a Snake — Mr. Gomez — His Tact — A Boa Seizes my Dog — Floating Islands — A Man found on one — Their Origin — The Batang Lupar — The Lingga— Alligators Dangerous — The Balau Lads — The Banks of the Kiver — The Fort at Sakarang — The late Mr. Brereton — Sakarang Head-hunting — Dayak Stratagem — Peace Ceremonies — Sacred Jars — Farmhouse — Love of Imitation — Illustrated London News — Women — Men — Poisoning — Workers in Gold and Brass — Anecdote — Rambi Fruit — Pigs Swimming — The Bore — Land and Sea Breezes — The Rejang — Lofty Milanau House — Human Sacrifices — Swings — Innumerable Mayflies — Kanowit Village — Kayan Mode of Attack — Kanowit Dayaks — Men with Tails — Extraordinary Effect of Bathing in the Nile — Treachery — Bier — Customs on the Death of a Relative — Curious Dance — Ceremonies on solemnizing Peace — Wild Tribes — Deadly Effect of the Upas.

Chapter II

Social Life of the Sea Dayaks . . . .58 Ceremonies at the Birth of a Child — Infanticide — Desire for Children — A Talkative and Sociable People — Great Concord in Families — Method of Settling Disputes — Marriage Ceremonies — Pride of Birth — Chastity — Punishment of Indiscreet Lovers — Bundling and Company keeping — Love Anecdotes — Separations — Division of Household Duties — Flirting — Divorce — Burials — Religion — Belief in a Supreme Being — Good and Evil Spirits — The Small-pox — Priests — Some dress as Women — Mourning — Sacrifices — Human Sacrifices — Unlucky Omens — Recon ciliation — Belief in a Future State — The other World — Dayaks Litigious — Head-feast — Head-hunting — Its Origin — Horrible Revenge — Small Inland Expeditions — Cat-like Warfare — Atrocious Case — Large Inland Expeditions — War-boats — Edible Clay — Necessity for a Head — Dayaks very Intelligent — Slaves — Objections to Eating certain Animals, or Killing others— Change of Names — Degrees of Affinity within which Marriages may take place — Sickness — Cholera — Manufactures — Agricul ture — Method of taking Bees' Nests— Lying Heaps— Passports — Ordeals — Language.

CONTENTS. XII CHAPTER HI. PAGE The Kayans of Baram . . . • • .91 Unaccountable Panic— Man Overboard— Fishing— Coast Scenery— Baram Point— Floating Drift— Pretty Coast to Labuan— Thunder and Lightning Bay— Bar of the Brunei — River Scenery— The Capital- Little Children in Canoes — Floating Market— Kayan Attack — The Present Sultan's Story— Fire-arms — Devastation of the Interior^^Gsis toms of the Kayans— Upas Tree— View of the Capital— The Fountains The Baram— Kayan Stratagem— Wild Cattle— Banks of the River — Gading Hill— Town of Langusin — Salutes — First Interview — Graves — Wandering Kanowits — Appearance of the Kayans — Visit Singauding — Religion— Houses — Huge Slabs — Skulls — Women tattooed — Mats — Visit the Chiefs — Drinking Chorus — Extempore Song— Head-hunting —Effect of Spirits — Sacrifice— Ceremony of Brotherhood— Effect of Newly-cleared Jungle — War Dance — Firewood — Customs — Origin of Baram Kayans — Vocabularies — Trade — Birds' Nests — Destruction of Wealth — Manners and Customs — Iron — Visit Edible Birds' Nest Caves — The Caves — Narrow Escape — Two Kinds of Swallows — Neat House — Visit of Singauding— Visit to Si Obong — Her Dress — Hip-lace — Her Employments — Farewell Visit — Fireworks — Smelting Iron — Accident — Departure — Kayan Cannibals — Anecdotes — Former Method of Trading — Unwelcome Visitors.

Chapter IV

The Land Dayaks . . . . . . .135 Visitto the Left-hand Branch of the Sarawak River — Attack of Peguans — Sarawak River — Capture of English Ship— The Durian Fruit — Iron wood Posts — Rapids— Rapid of the Corpse — Mountains — Village of San Pro — Lovely Scenery — Head-house — Cave — Upper Cave — Unfortunate Boast — Pushing up the Rapids — Story of the Malay Chief — Invul nerable Men — How to become one — Grung Landing-place — Sibungoh Dayaks — Dayak Canoes — Lovely Scenery — Uses of the Bambu — Fish — Sharks in the Upper Waters — Repartee — Pigs Swimming — Farmhouses in Trees — Floods — Suspension Bridges — Chinese Traders — Dress of the Land Dayaks — System of Forced Trade — Interesting Tribe — Story of the Murder of Pa Mua — The Trial — Painful Scene — Delightful Bathing — Passing the Rapids — Walk to Grung — Dayak Paths — Village of Grung — Warm Reception— Ceremonies — Lingua Franca — Peculiar Medicine — Prayer — Sacred Dance — Sprinkling Blood — Effect of former System of Government — Language.

Chapter V

Land Dayaks or Sikambau. — Theik Social Life . .162 Madame Pfeiffer — Chinese Village — Chinese Maidens — Sirambau — Ascent of the Mountain — Difficult Climbing — Forests of Fruit Trees Scenery — Sirambau Village — Houses — -The "Look-out " — Scenery Head-houses — TheChief, Mita — HisModest Request — Sir James Brooke's Cottage — Natural Bath-house — Chinese Gold Workings — Tapang Trees — Social Life of the Land Dayaks — Ceremonies at a Birth — Courtship Betrothment — Marriage — Burial — Graves — The Sexton — Funeral Feast — Children — Female Chastity — Divorces — Cause of Separation Anecdote. CONTENTS. XIII

Chapter VI. Page

Social Life of the Land Dayaks— (Continued) . . . 178 Religion — Belief in Supreme Being — Traces of Hinduism — Sacrifices — Pamali or Interdict — Mr. Chalmers's Account of the Dayak Religion— A Future State — Spirits by Nature — Ghosts of Departed Men — Trans formations — Catching the Soul — Conversion of the Priest to Christianity — 'Story — Other Ghosts — Custom of Pamali, or Taboo — Sacrifices — Things and Actions Interdicted — Not to Eat Horned Animals — Reasons for not Eating Venison — Of Snakes — -The Living Principle — Causes of Sickness — Spirits Blinding the Eyes of Men — Incantations to Propitiate or Foil the Spirits of Evil — Catching the Soul — Feasts and Incantations connected with Farming Operations — The Blessing of the Seed — The Feast of First Fruits — Securing the Soul of the Rice — Exciting Night Scene — The Harvest Home — Singular Ceremony — Head Feasts — Offer ing the Drinking Cup — Minor Ceremonies — Images — Dreams — Love — Journeys of the Soul — -Warnings in Sleep — Magic Stones — Anecdote — Ordeals — Omens — Birds of Omen — Method of Consulting them — Bene ficial Effects of the Head Feasts — Languages of the Land Dayaks — Deer — The Sibuyaus free from Prejudice — Story of the Cobra de Capella — Names — Change of Name — Prohibited Degrees of Affinity — Heights — Medical Knowledge — Priests and Priestesses — Origin of the latter — Their Practices — Manufactures — Agriculture — Story of the Origin of Rice — The Pleiades.

CHAPTER VH. The Samaeahan Rivee and the Caves of Sirih . .215 A Storm — The Musquito Passage — The Samarahan — Rich Soil — The Malays — The Dayaks — The Malay Chief— The Sibuyau Village — A Pretty Girl — Dragons' Heads — Climbing Pole — Drinking — "The Sibuyaus get no Headaches" — Force repelled by Force — Gardens — Left hand Branch — Difficult Path — Hill of Munggu Babi — Former In security — The Village — Welcome — Deer plentiful — Walk to the Sirih Caves — A Skeleton — Illustrative Story — Method of Governing — Torches — Enter the Recesses of the Cave — Small Chambers — Unpleasant Walking — -Confined Passage — The Birds' Nests' Chamber — Method of gathering them — Curious Scene — The Cloudy Cave — Wine of the Tampui Fruit — Blandishments — Drinking — Dancing — -Bukars Hairy — Scenery — Walk — " The Sibuyaus do get Headaches " — Lanchang — Rival Chiefs — Ancient Disputes — Deer Shooting — Wanton Destruction of Fruit Trees — Choice of a Chief — Return to Boat — The Right-hand Branch — The San Poks — Hot Spring — Tradition — Hindu Relics — The Female Principle — The Stone Bull — Superstition — Story.

CHAPTER VHI. ' The Mountain of Kina Balu (First Expedition) . . . 240 First Ascent by Mr. Low — Want of Shoes— Set Sail for the Tam pasuk — Beautiful Scenery — The Abai — Manufacture of Nipa Salt — Uses of the Nipa Palm — A Lanun Chief— Baju Saddle — Baju a Non-walker Our ride to the Tampasuk — Gigantic Mango Trees — The Datu's House — Its Arrangements — The Datu and his People — Piratical Expe dition — A Bride put up to Auction — The Bajus — Mixed Breeds — Quarrels with the Lanuns— Effect of stealing Ida'an Children— Fable of CONTENTS. the Horse and his Rider — Amount of Fighting Men — Freedom of the Women — Killing the Fatted Calf— Beautiful Prospect — A new Gardinia — Pony Travelling— Difficulty of procuring Useful Men— Start— An Extensive Prospect — Cocoa-nuts and their Milk — A View of Kina Balu — Granite Debris — Our Guides — Natives Ploughing — Our Hut— Division of Land— Ghinambur — Neatest Village-house in the Country — Its Inhabitants — Tatooing — Curiosity— Blistered Feet — Batong — Granite Boulders — Fording — Fish-traps — Tambatuan — Robbing a Hive — Search for the Youth-restoring Tree — Our Motives — Appearance of the Summit of Kina Balu — A long Story — Swimming the River — Koung — Palms not plentiful — Lanun Cloth — Cotton — Nominal Wars — The Kiladi — Attempt to levy Black-mail at the Village of Labang Labang — Resistance — Reasons for demanding it — Bamboo flat-roofed Huts — Ingenious Contrivance — Kiau — Dirty Tribe — Recognition of Voice — A Quarrel — Breaking the Barometer — Opposition to the Ascent of Kina Balu — Harmless Demonstration — Thieves — Mr. Low unable to walk — Continue the Expedition alone — Cascade — Prayers to the Spirit of the Mountain — Flowers and Plants — Beautiful Rhododendrons — Cave — Unskilful Use of the Blow-pipe — Cold — Ascent to the Summit — Granite Face — Low's Gully — Noble Terrace — Southern Peak — Effect of the Air — The Craggy Summit — Distant Mountain — Dangerous Slopes — Ghostly Inhabitants — Mist — Superstitions — Collecting Plants — Descent — Noble Landscape — Difficult Path — Exhaustion — Mr. Low not recovered — Disagreeable Villagers — Recovering the Brass Wire — Clothing — Distrust — A lively Scene — Our Men behave well — Return on Rafts to the Datu's House.

CHAPTER IX. PAGE

Second Ascent of Kina Balu ..... 291 Cholera in Brunei — The Phantom Ship — Start from Labuan — Coal Seams — View of Tanjong Kubong — Method of working the Coal — Red Land — Method of cultivating Pepper — Wild Cattle — The Pinnace — Kimanis Bay — Inland Passage — Kimanis River — Cassia — Trade in it stopped — Smooth River — My first View of Kina Balu — Story of the Death of Pangeran Usup — Anchor — Papar — A Squall — Reach Gaya Bay — Noble Harbour — Pangeran Madoud — My first Visits to him — Method of making Salt — Village of Menggatal — Ida'an — His Fear of them — Roman Catholic Mission — Cholera — Mengkabong — Manilla Captives — The Salt-water Lake — Head-quarters of the Bajus — Their Enterprise — Find stranded Vessels — Tripod Masts — Unreasoning Retaliation — Energy of M. Cuarteron — Lawlessness of the Bajus — Pangeran Duroup, the Governor — Origin of the Bajus — Welcome by Pangeran Sirail — Love of Whiskey overcomes Prejudice — Night Weeping — A Market — The Chief of Tamparuli — The Pangeran' s Enthusiasm — Path to the Tawaran — Fine Scene — Fruit Gloves— Neat Gardens — The Tawaran — Sacred Jars — The Talking Jar — Attempted Explanation — Efficacy of the Water — Carletti's Account — Fabulous Value — The loveliest Girl in Borneo — No Rice — Advance to Bawang — Our Guides — Steep Hill — Extensive View — Si N ilau — Unceremonious Entry into a House — The Nilau Tribe — Kalawat Village — Tiring Walk — Desertion of a Negro — Numerous Villages — Bungol Village large — Deceived by the Guide — Fatiguing Walk — Koung Village — Black Mail— Explanation — Friendly Relations established — Labang Labang Village— Change of Treatment — Kiau Village — Warm Reception — Houses — No Rice Confidence. CONTENTS. XV

CHAPTER X. PAGE

Second Ascent of Kina Balu — (Continued) . . . 322 Return of the Men for Rice — Readiness to assist us — New Kinds of Pitcher Plants — The Valley of Pinokok — Beautiful Nepenthes — Kina Taki — Description of the Nepenthes Rajah — Rocks coated with Iron — Steep Strata — The Magnolia — Magnificent Sunset Scene —Fine Soil — Talk about the Lake — Change of Fashions — Effect of Example — Rapid Tailoring — Language the same among Ida'an, Dusun, and Bisaya — Reports — Start for Marei Parei — The Fop Kama — Prepare Night Lodgings — Fragrant Bed — stunted Vegetation — Appearance of Preci pices — Dr. Hooker — Botanical Descriptions — Nepenthes Rajah — Manner of Growing — Great Size — Used as a Bucket — Drowned Rat — Nepenthes Edwardsiana — An Account of it — Beautiful Plants — Botanical Descrip tion of Nepenthes Edwardsiana — Extensive Prospects — Peaked Hill of Saduk Saduk — Noble Buttress — Situation for Barracks — Nourishing Food — Deep Valleys — Familiar Intercourse with the Villagers — Turning the Laugh — Dirty Faces — Looking-glasses — Their Effect — Return of our Followers — Start for the Mountain — Rough Cultivation — The Mountain Rat used as Food — Our Old Guides — Difficult Walking — Scarlet Rhododendron — Encamp — Double Sunset — Nepenthes Lowii — Botanical Description — Nepenthes Villosa — Botanical Description — Ex tensive View of the Interior of Borneo — The Lake — The Cave — Ascend to the Summit — Its Extent and Peculiarities — Distant Views — North western Peak — Severe Storm — Injured Barometer — Useless Thermo meters — Dangerous Descent — Accidents — Quartz in Crevices — Clean and Pleasant Girls — Friendly Parting — Ida'an Sacrifices — Return by Koung — Kalawat and Nilu — Death of Sahat— A Thief — Cholera — Incantations and Method of Treatment — Arrival at Gantisan — Fine Wharf — The Pangeran — Bad Weather — Heavy Squall — Little Rice to be had — Sail — Anchor at Gaya Island — Curious Stones — Fish — Poisonous Fins — Set Sail — Awkward Position — Waterspout — Admiralty Charts — Names require Correcting — Serious Mistake — Among the Shoals — Fearful Squall — Falling Stars and Brilliant Meteor — Arrival at Labuan.

CHAPTER XL

The Physical and Political Geography of the Districts eying between Gaya Bay and the Tampasuk River ; with a Geographical Sketch of Maludu Bay and the North-East Coast of Borneo .... 362 The Coast Line — The Rivers — The Bays — Gaya Bay — Abai — Cha racter of Interior Country — Plains — Hills — Kina Balu — First Ascent by Mr. Low — Description of Summit — The Peaks — The Northern Ranges — Steep Granite Slopes — The Spurs — The Main Spur — Interior Country Distant Mountains — Plain — Villages — The Lake — Vegetation on Kina Balu — Tbe Rivers — The Ananam — The Kabatuan — The Mengkabong — The Tawaran — The Abai — 'lhe Tampasuk — Its Interior — Political Geography — Inhabitants — The Lanuns— The Bajus — Mohamedans — Appearance — Their Women — Their Houses— Love of Cockfighting — Fine Breed of Fowls — Other Inhabitants — The Ida'an — Their Houses — Their Women — Tattooing — Comfortable House — Method of Govern ment — No Wars — Aborigines Honest — Exceptions — Agriculture — CONTENTS.

Ploughing — Remnant of Chinese Civilization — Tobacco — Cotton — Good Soil — Amount of Population — Numerous and Extensive Villages — The Tampasuk — The Tawaran — Mengkabong — Other Districts — Enumeration — Manufactures — Lanun Cloths — Trade — Difficult Travelling — Languages — Geology — Sandstone — Greenstone — Climate of Kina Balu temperate—Map — Addition— Maludu Bay — Western Point — Western Shore — Mountains — Head of Bay — Population — Accounts compared — Bengkoka — Minerals — Eastern Point — Banguey — Difficult Navigation — ; Small Rivers and Bays — Paitan — Sugut — Low Coast — Labuk Bay — High Land — Benggaya — Labuk — Sandakan — Story of the Atas Man — Kina Batangan — Cape Unsang — Tungku — Population — The Ida'an — The Mohamedans. LISTS OF ILLUSTRATIONS. I. Kina Balu from the Lower Tampasuk . . .

Frontispiece II. The Sea Dayaks To face page 5 in. City of Brunei. Sunset .... „ 100 IV. The Land Dayaks „ 135 V. View from near the Rajah's Cottage . . „ 166 VI. Nepenthes Rajah „ 324 VII. Kina Balu from the Pinokok Valley . . „ 326 VHI. Nepenthes Edwardsiana .... „ 335 IX. Nepenthes Lowii 343 X. Nepenthes Villosa „ 344 MAPS. I. Map of North-West Coast of Borneo . . To face page 1 II. Map of Districts near Kina Balu ... I.i-iiil.<n Day I Sni I ,;i, LIFE IN THE FORESTS OF THE FAR EAST; or. TEAVELS IN NOETHEEN BOENEO.