The History of our Country, from its discovery by Columbus ... Illustrated by engravings ... and portraits, etc

Front matter

Discovery of the Hudson River. THE HISTORY OF OUR COUNTRY FROM ITS DISCOVERY BY COLUMBUS TO THE CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF ITS DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: EMBRACING AN ACCOUNT OF ITS DISCOVERY; NARRATIVES OF THE STRUGGLES OF ITS EARLY SETTLERS ; SKETCHES OF ITS HEROES ; THE HISTORY OF THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, AND THE WAR FOR NATIONALITY; ITS INDUSTRIAL SUC- CESSES, AND A RECORD OF ITS WHOLE PROGRESS AS A NATION. BY ABBY SAGE RICHARDSON. Æ. BEAUTIFULLY AND PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS FROM ORIGINAL DESIGNS BY GRANVILLE PERKINS, C G. BUSH, AND FELIX O. C. DARLEY, AND PORTRAITS OF DISTINGUISHED DISCOVERERS, STATES- MEN, GENERALS, AND HEROES. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. NEW YORK: HURD AND HOUGHTON. Camferifcge: €&e Ærbergitie ffceftt. 1875. Copyright, 1875.

Abby Sage Richardson. RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE : ELECTROTYPED AND PRINTED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. TO MY TWO BOYS, WITH THE HOPE THAT IT MAY HELP TO WAKEN AND KEEP ALIVE IN THEIR HEARTS ONE OF THE NOBLEST AND MOST SACRED OF HUMAN FEELINGS, THE LOVE OF COUNTRY, THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY THEIR MOTHER. CONTENTS.

Chapter I. Discovery Of America

pASE Christopher Columbus. — The Route to the East. — Columbus wishes to sail Westward to India. — He applies to Portugal and Genoa. — Finally aided by Isabella of Spain. — Sets Sail from Palos. — Incidents of Voyage. — Discovers West Indies. — Riches of the New World. — Second Voyage 25

Chapter VI. Discovery Of The Mississippi River

Cortez and Pizarro. — Story of Narvaez. — Cabeca de Vaca crosses the Continent. — Ferdinand de Soto. — Grand Army of De Soto. — Story of John Ortiz. — The Great Mississippi. — Burial of De Soto. — Return of his Army 43

Chapter VII. English And French Explorers

Henry VII. of England. — Sebastian Cabot discovers North America. — The French King sends Ships to America. — Verrazano comes to New York. — Voyages of Jacques Cartier to Canada. — His Ship lost in the St. Lawrence CONTENTS. VI

Chapter VIII. French Attempts At Settlement

The French Protestants. — The Land of Flowers. — The Colony of Ribault in Carolina. — Spaniards at St. Augustine. —The Spanish massacre the French Colony. — Sad Fate of Ribault and his Companions. — Dominic de Gourgues. — He avenges the Murder of Frenchmen .53 CHAPTEU IX. ENGLISH ATTEMPTS AT SETTLEMENT. Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Voyage— His Ship struck by an Iceberg. —The Shipwrecked Crew. — Walter Raleigh's First Colony. — Homesick Emigrants. — The Lost Colonists 59

Chapter X. The Indians

First Inhabitants of America. — Aztecs in Mexico. — The Red Men of the United States. — How they looked. — Their Houses. — The Clothes they wore. — Canoes. — Food. — Household Implements. — Indian Women. — The Happy Hunting-grounds . . . 65

Chapter XI. Fikst Permanent English Settlement

King James grants Lands in Virginia. — The Sealed Orders for the Colony. — Captain John Smith. — His School-days. — Turns Hermit. — Tournament with the Turks. — His Slavery in Tartary. — His Character as Leader in a Colony 74

Chapter XII. The Jamestown Colony

Smith and Newport explore the Country. — Smith taken Prisoner by Indians. — The Young Pocahontas saves his Life. — New Arrivals in Jamestown. — Shipwreck of Gates and Somers. — Pocahontas taken Prisoner. — Marriage and Death of Pocahontas 79

Chapter XIII. The Planter In Virginia

How a Settlement was begun. — Exports of the Colonists. — Choosing Sites for Plantations. — Slavery introduced into Virginia. — Buying a Wife with Tobacco. — Life in England in 1607. — A Virginia Planter's House in 1649 84

Chapter XIV

A CHAPTER OF ENGLISH HISTORY. John Smith sets out on another Voyage. — Queen Elizabeth and her Father. — Bloody Mary persecutes the Protestants. — The Puritans. — The Cavaliers. — The Puritan Emigrants in Holland. — They resolve to buy Lands in America . . ... 90

Chapter XV. Emigration Of Pilgrims

The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth. — Landing in Massachusetts. — Treaty with Massasoit. — Struggles of the Colony. — Massachusetts Bay Colony formed. — The Apostle of the Indians ,jx

Chapter XVI. Settlement Of Rhode Island

Religious Intolerance. — Roger Williams's Banishment. — He finds Succor from friendly Indians. —Providence settled. — Religious Freedom in Rhode Island. — Williams gets a Charter for his Colony jq2 CONTENTS. VII

Chapter XVII. West Country People Settle Connecticut

Settlers in Dorchester. — March to Connecticut River. —New Haven founded. — Traders and Fishermen settle New Hampshire and Maine. — Troubles in England. — The King beheaded. - Story of Oliver Cromwell. —Maine a Province of Massachusetts . . 106

Chapter XVIII. The Dutch In America

The Country of Holland. - How they keep off the Sea. - Dutch Traders. - Henry Hudson sent to America. -Hudson River discovered. - Fur-trade. - New York City begun. - Indians afraid of Windmills. - Warfare with Indians. - Kieffs Massacre . 109

Chapter XIX. The Swedes In New Jersey And Delaware

Peter Minuit and his Colony of Swedes—They buy New Jersey for an Iron Kettle.- New Jersey claimed and named by Three Nations. - A New King in England. - New York City becomes an English Colony. -New Jersey named by an English Nobleman 115

Chapter XX. Settlement Of Maryland

Lord Baltimore and the Carolinas. - Roman Catholic Colony. - Indian W onde a the ftg Canoe. -Freedom to worship God. -Papists and Puritans. - Lord Batirno, e s Ambition. -Maryland one of the King's Colonies. -Ribault and Rale.gh's Unsuccessful Colonies. —The Carolinas settled again

Chapter XXI. The Quaker Settlement

Persecntionof .Quakers. -William Penn the Ad_.ira.-H_ only Son turns Quake. - Dress and Manners of Quakers. -Young Penn inherits his 1 Father s ™. He brings a Colony to America. - Treaty with Indians. -City of Brotherly Love. -Nam ing of Pennsylvania.— Delaware made a Separate Colony .

Chapter XXII. Georgia Settled

Another Colony planned. - General Oglethorpe. - The Town of Savannah begun— Og.ethorpe's Treaty.- Speech of Indian War-chief .- March of Salzburgers -Pro-slavery Agitators. - John Wesley the Great Methodist. - Georgia becomes a Royal Province . •

Chapter XXIII. King Philip's War

The Thirteen Colonies. - The Colonists' Fear of the Indians. - Ph, >P, the Son of f nemUy Massasoit. -John Sassamon tells Tales of Philip. -Blood shed byEnglish and In da s.- Outbreak of Indian War. - The Attack on -" The Indian ! The Indians! "-Appearance of the Strange Warrior. - The Regic.de, - Death of King Philip. — End of the War

Chapter XXIV. Affairs In Virginia

Governor William Berkeley. - "Thank God there are no Free Schools JJJJ*^ John Washington fights Maryland Indians. - Savages retaliate. - Nathaniel Bacon CONTENTS. VIII goes into the Field without a Commission. —He is declared Traitor. — Great Excite ment in Jamestown. — Attack on the Town. — Bacon's Death. — Berkeley hangs the Rebels. —The King calls him back to England. — What the King said of Berkeley . 134

Chapter XXV. Affairs In New York And Massachusetts

England and Holland at War. — The Dutch take New York City again. — Edmund Andros in Boston. — His Tyrannies there. — His Journey to Connecticut. — Disappearance of the Charter. — The New English King. — Uprising in New York. — Leisler executed. — Charter Oak 137

Chapter XXVI. Salem Witchcraft

Belief in Witches. — Causes for this Belief. — The Idea of the Devil. — Study of Necromancy. — Two Children "bewitched." — Arrest of Friendless Old Women. — Babies chained and thrown into Prison as Witches. — Torture of Witches. — Confessions.. — Hanging of Women. — Witches' Hill. — End of the Witchcraft Madness . . . 141

Chapter XXVII. Inter-colonial Wars

War between French and English Colonies. — The French League with Indians. — Horrors of Indian Warfare. — Story of Hannah Dustin. — Bravery of the Women. — Towns destroyed. — Peace declared. — Another War. — Peace of Utrecht. — George's War. — Peace of Aix-la Chapelle 146

Chapter XXVIII. French Discoverers And Jesuit Missionaries

Colony of Jacques Cartier. — French Fishermen. — Samuel Champlain the Father of New France Jesuits on the Mississippi. — Story of Isaac Jogues. — Indians worshiping with Roman Catholics 150

Chapter XXIX The Mississippi Explored

James Marquette is sent to the Great River. — He goes with Joliet to Wisconsin. — Carrying their Canoes on their Backs. — The Bison and Deer. — Greeting of the Illinois. — Death of Marquette. — Robert La Salle in Illinois. — Fort Heartbreak. — Murder of La Salle. — Hennepin goes to Falls of St. Anthony. — Adventures of Marquette and Joliet. — Explorations of the Mississippi River by La Salle and Hennepin . . . 153

Chapter XXX. The Last Colonial War

Position of French and English Colonies. — The English Colonies hug the Sea-coast. — Jealousy between the Nations. — Trouble brewing. — Young George Washington. — His Winter Journey to Fort Duquesne 157

Chapter XXXI. Four Expeditions Against The French

Plan of the Campaign. — Braddock's Contempt for American Militia. — George Washington in the Expedition — Braddock's Defeat. — French Neutrals. — Burning of Acadie. — Evangeline. — Sir William Johnson King Hendrick killed . . . .161 CONTENTS. IX

Chapter XXXII. Second Year Of War

French Fortifications in America. — War in earnest. — Story of Mrs. Howe and her Children. — Massacre at Fort William Henry. — Loss of a Noble Young Leader. — George Washington's Advice to the British Colonel. — The City of Quebec. — Wolfe approaches the Fortress. — The Heights of Abraham. — Defeat of the French. — Death of Wolfe. — Peace at last 167

Chapter XXXIII

A TOUR IN AMERICA. Sailing for Boston. — Boston in 1760. — Dress of Lady and Gentleman. — Thanksgiving in New England. — Irish Flax Spinners. — By Stage-coach to New Haven. — New York Harbor. — A Dutch Interior. — Drive through New York City. — New Year's Day. — Up the Hudson to Albany- — Journey through New Jersey. — How Philadelphia Streets were named. — The Great State-house Bell. — Account of Benjamin Franklin. — Plantations in Virginia. — Christmas Festivities. — A Group of Noble Virginians. — Cotton Crop of Eliza Lucas 173

Chapter XXXIV. Uprising Of The Colonies

The New King. — Royal Treasury empty. — Taxation without Representation. — Stirring Scene in Boston State-house. — The People and the Stamp Act. — Speech of Patrick Henry. — Our Defenders in England 186

Chapter XXXV. More Oppression

Daughters of Liberty. — Redcoats in Boston. — Boston Massacre. — Boy Rebels. — Tax on Tea. — First Continental Congress. — The Man who attended it. — Speech of William Pitt. — Whigs and Tories. — The Patriotic Barber. — Yankee Doodle .... 191

Chapter XXXVI. Battle Of Lexington

Hidden Stores of Gunpowder and Bullets. — Paul Revere's Ride. — Midnight March. — Scene at Lexington Meeting-house. — First Blood shed. — Destruction of Stores. — The Retreat and Pursuit. — Lord Percy at Charlestown. — "Yankee Doodle" and "Chevy Chase" 198

Chapter XXXVII. Ticonderoga And Bunker Hill

Congress meets again. — George Washington made Commander of the Armies. — Green Mountain Boys. — Ethan Allen takes Ticonderoga and Crown Point — Oglethorpe refuses to fight the Americans. — Noble Words of Samuel Adams. — Americans on Bun ker Hill. — Battle of Bunker Hill. — The Monument there 204

Chapter Xxxviii. Washington And His Army

Washington's Camps about Boston. — The Patriot Generals. — Story of Israel Putnam. — Dress of the Soldiers. — Pennsylvania Riflemen. — Story of a Marksman. — Washington's Anxieties CONTENTS. X

Chapter XXXIX. The March To Quebec

On to Canada. — Montgomery clothes his Soldiers in Montreal. — Benedict Arnold's Heroic March to Quebec. — Attack on the Citadel. — Montgomery's Death. — Brave Act of Aaron Burr. — Retreat from Canada 215

Chapter XL. Affairs In Massachusetts And South Carolina

The Redcoats imprisoned in Boston. — Howe concludes to leave Boston. — The Tories go to Halifax. — Entrance of Washington into Boston. — Joy of the Patriots. — Washington goes to New York. — The Hessians in America. — A British Fleet attacks Charleston 218

Chapter XLI. Independence Declared

Colonial Feeling towards England. — The Declaration of Independence. — Our National Holiday. — Retreat from Kipp's Landing. — Anger of Washington. — Mrs. Murray's Ruse to save General Putnam. — Retreat through New Jersey. — A Gloomy Outlook for Washington. — Bad News from Newport and Lake Champlain. — Prison Ships. — Washington crosses the Delaware. — Victory at Trenton 221

Chapter XLII. Events In New Jersey And Pennsylvania In

1777. Rebels and Redcoats in Friendly Converse. — Battle of Princeton. — Washington at Morristown. — The Marquis de Lafayette. — Other Noble Foreigners. — Defeat at Brandywine. — Story of Lydia Darrah. — Good News on the Way 227

Chapter XLIII

burgoyne's campaign. The Burning of Danbury. — General Burgoyne. — The Tory Brant. — Burgoyne takes Ticonderoga. — Defense of Fort Stanwix. — Brave General Herkimer. — Massacre of Jane McCrea. — Murmurs against General Schuyler. — The Relief of Fort Stanwix. — Stark's Speech at Bennington. — The Encampment on Bemis Heights. — Battle of Saratoga. — Surrender of Burgoyne 232

Chapter XLIV. The Year

1778. Gayeties in Philadelphia. — The Terrible Winter at Valley Forge. — Story of Washington and the Farmer. — Molly Pitcher at Monmouth. — Philadelphia ours once more. — The Wyoming Massacre. — Tories and Indians. — Atrocities of the Wyoming Attack.— End of the Year 239

Chapter XLVIII. Treason Of Benedict Arnold

West Point. — Gustavus, and John Anderson. — Capture of Colonel Andre. - Escape of Benedict Arnold. - Andre condemned to be hanged. - His Letter to Washington. - Plot to save Andre. -Feigned Desertion of Champe. — The Execution of Andre- Failure of Champe's Enterprise and his Return 253

Chapter XLIX. Defeat And Victory In The South

Misfortunes of Gates in South Carolina. - A Stronghold on King's Mountain— General Greene takes Command— A Ragged Army— Victory at Cowpens— Sharp Retort of a Patriotic Woman. - The Bravery of South Carolina Women . . • • ™

Chapter L. Greene's Campaign

March through the Carolinas— Attack upon Camden— Fort Ninety-six— Eutaw Springs

Chapter LI. The Winter Of

1780-81. Mutinvin the Army- Riot among Wayne's Troops. - Mutine rs shot. - Bened c Arnold ravages Virginia. - Governor Thomas Jefferson. - Arnold in his Nat. e State. Barbarous Murder of Colonel Ledyard- Concentration of the French and American Forces for Campaign of 1781

CHAPTER LIL SIEGE OF YORKTOWN.

March of French Army to Virginia— The whole Army of Washington before Yorktown. _ The Batteries open Fire. - Cornwallis attempts to Escape. - His Surrender. - General Lincoln's Revenge. — End of the War

Chapter LIII. Closing Events Of The Revolution

Savannah and Charleston evacuated by the British. - England baited on all Sides. -She is glad to have Peace. -Our Great Statesmen during the #ar— Benjamin Franklin in France— John Adams and Thomas Jefferson— Henry Laurens in the Tower of London. - John Jay. - The First Secretary of the Treasury. - The Commission Jo Treat for Peace- The Thirteen English Colonies become the Nation of the Luted States— Evacuation of New York City. -Fireworks on Bowling Green- Washington's Farewell to his Officers. - Affecting Scene in Francs s Tavern . . • CONTENTS. XII

Chapter I. Constitution Of The United States

Forming a Government. — The Constitution and its Makers. — Grand Celebration in New York City. —The Two Political Parties. — Washington made President Inauguration Ball- — Change in Dress and Manners after the Revolution 283

Chapter II. Events In Washington's Administration

Settlers in the Western Country. — " D. Boon cilled a Bar." — Scarcity of Salt. — Danger from Indians. — General Anthony Wayne sent to fight Savages. — Death of Wayne. — Three New States added to the Nation. — Story of Young Andrew Jackson. — Revolution in France. — The Guillotine. — French Sympathizers in the United States. — Washington's Public Life draws to a Close 288

Chapter III. Adams's Administration

War with France imminent. — Washington and Napoleon. — The Nation mourns at Washington's Death. —The Capital changed to Washington City. — Mrs. Adams's Experiences in Washington 294

Chapter IV. Jefferson's

presidency. The Purchase of Louisiana. — The First Journey from Ocean to Ocean. — Lewis and Clarke's Expedition. — The Sources of the Missouri and Columbia Rivers. — The Great Pacific Ocean. — Return of Lewis and Clarke 297

Chapter V. War With Algerine Pirates

Pirates of the Mediterranean Sea. — Demands of these Sea Robbers on United States General Eaton's Interview with the Bey of Tunis. — Royal Beggars. — War declared. — Daring Feat of Decatur. — The Philadelphia burned in the Harbor of Tripoli. — The Bashaw Hamet. — End of War 301

Chapter VI. Jefferson's Second Term

Aaron Burr's Duel with Hamilton. — Hamilton's Death. — Burr's Disgrace. — First Steamboat on the Hudson. — Fulton's Triumph. — The Great Event of Jefferson's Administration 309.

Chapter VII

Madison's presidency. Character of Madison. — Tecumseh. — William Henry Harrison, Governor of Indiana. — The Visit of Tecumseh. — The Prophet. — Battle of Tippecanoe. — Impressment of American Sailors on English Ships. — The Leopard and Chesapeake. — War declared against England. — Flogging of an American Sailor. — War Feeling in the United States. .............. CONTENTS. XIII

Chapter VIII

opening of the war of 1812. The Scene of War. — Hull's Surrender of Detroit. — Disgrace of Hull. — The Chicago Massacre. —Young Winfield Scott. — Defeat on all Sides 316

Chapter IX

victories on the ocean. The Constitution beats the Guerriere. — The Wasp on a Frolic. — Decatur wins Fresh Laurels. — Flag of the Macedonian presented to Mrs. Madison. — Bainbridge and the Constitution. — British Anger at Defeat 320

Chapter X

events of 1813. Bounty on American Scalps. — The Slaughter at Frenchtown. — The Hornet meets the Peacock. — Lawrence takes command of the Chesapeake. — The Shannon challenges the Chesapeake. — Death of Lawrence. — " Don't give up the Ship " . . . . 324

CHAPTER XL BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE.

Ship-building on the Lake. — -A Stage-coach loaded with Sailors. — The Look-out at Put-in Bay. — The Battle begins. — Commodore Perry's Ship disabled. — He rows to the Niagara. — Victory on Lake Erie. — Battle of the Thames 328

Chapter XII. Fresh Victories And Defeats

The Battle of Chippewa. — Scott at Lundy's Lane. — Admiral Cockburn sails up the Potomac. — Alarm at Washington. — The Defense at Blagdensburg. — Invasion of Washington. — The Dinner at the White House. — Baltimore besieged. — The Star Spangled Banner 332

Chapter XIII. Macdonough's

victory. " Old Ironsides." — Macdonough on Lake Champlain. — Fight on Lake and on Shore. — Victory in the Fleet. — The British Defeat at Plattsburg 338

Chapter XIV. The Last Campaign Of The War

Signs of Peace. — Andrew Jackson at New Orleans. — Organizes Regiments of Black Men. — Preparations for a "Merry Christmas in Camp. — Barricades of Sugar Hogsheads. — Battle of New Orleans. — The Peace Angel. — A New President elected . 341

Chapter XV. Monroe And Adams

More Pirates. — War with Indians. — Lafayette's Visit. — Five New States. — Monroe Doctrine. — Another President from Massachusetts. — Death of Two Patriots. — Massachusetts and Virginia. — A Democratic President CONTENTS. XIV — End of War 389

Chapter XVI. Railroads And Banks

Character of Andrew Jackson.— Traveling .by Steam. — Tram-ways. — Oliver Evans's Steam-engine. — George Stephenson. — Jackson's War with the Banks. — The First National Banks. — Jackson vetoes the Bank Charter 352

Chapter XVII. Nullifiers In South Carolina

Manufactures in United States. — They ask for a "Protective Tariff." — The South threaten Rebellion. —Three Great Men. — The Man of the South. — The Man of the West. — The Man of the North. — Wrath of Jackson. — Speech of Daniel Webster. — The Nullifiers subdued. — Indian Troubles again. — The Indians moved West. — Jackson returns to his Hermitage 358

Chapter XVIII. Van Buren, Harrison, And Tyler

"Old Hickory " and " Old Ironsides." — Hard Times. — Log Cabin Campaign. — Death of General Harrison. — John Tyler's Presidency. — A New Invention. — Samuel Morse, the Artist and Inventor. — Invention of the Telegraph. — A New Political Question 367

Chapter XIX. Brief History Of Mexico

Spanish Conquest of Mexico. — Inhabitants of Mexico. — Americans in Texas. — Sam Houston. — Texas rebels against Mexico, and asks to join the United States . . 371

Chapter XX. Beginning Of The Mexican War

"Old Zach." — Troops on the Rio Grande. — Palo Alto. — The Prairie on Fire. — A Battle-field by Night. — Victory over the Mexicans. — Crossing the Rio Grande. — Scenery about Monterey. — Capture of the Bishop's Palace. — Siege of the Town.. — Monterey taken 375

Chapter XXI. Invasion Of Mexico

Army of the West. — Conquest of New Mexico. — Fremont, the Explorer of the Rocky Mountains. — He enters California. — Kit Carson. — Fremont declares California an Independent State. — The Army of the Centre. — "Rough and Ready." — Bragg's Battery- — Victory of Buena Vista. — Five Thousand Miles' March .... 378

Chapter XXII. Scott's March To Mexico

The Fortress of San Juan D'UUoa. — Vera Cruz. — The Road to the Mexico. — Cerro Gordo, or " Big Hill." — The Ascent of the Hill. — In the Cordilleras. — The Defenses of Mexico. — The Hill at Contreras. —The Bridge at Churubusco. — The King's Mill. — Grasshopper Hill. — School-boys' Defense of their Academy. — Entry into Mexico. CONTENTS. XV

Chapter XXIII. The New Eldorado

General Taylor made President. — Gold in California. —The Gold Fever. — Death of Taylor. — Fillmore succeeds him. — Election of Franklin Pierce 397

Chapter XXIV. Slavery In United States

Beginning of African Slavery. — First Triumph of Slavery in Georgia. — The North and South. — Washington's Letter to Lafayette. — Slavery in the Constitution. — The Slave-trade. — Turner's " Slave-ship." — Disputes about Slavery. — Chattel Votes. — California wants to be a Free State. — Anger of the South 403

Chapter XXIX. Raid Into Virginia

Presidential Contest of 1856. — An Exodus of Slaves. — The "Kennedy Farm." — Surprise of the Watchmen at Harper's Ferry. — The Arsenal taken. — John Brown Pikes — Arrival of Soldiers. — Capture of John Brown. — His Trial. — John Brown's Speech. — Sentence and Execution. — Scene on the Gallows 426

Chapter XXX. Lincoln Elected President

Party Quarrels. — The Story of Abraham Lincoln's Boyhood. — Feeling of the South. — Threats to break up the Union. — Joy in South Carolina at Lincoln's Election. — What is Treason ? — Difference between Northern and Southern Patriotism .... CONTENTS.

Chapter XXXI. Beginning Of Hostilities

Inauguration Speech of Lincoln. — Coercion. — National Property. —Forts in Charleston Harbor. — Guns opened on Fort Sumter. —The Bombardment. — The Flag hauled down. —Intense Excitement. — Patriotism in the North. — Patriotism in the South . 436

Chapter XXXVI. The Great Border State

Border Ruffians. — The Faithful Germans. — Keeping Neutral. — The "Rebel Yell" — Heroic Death of Lyon. — Fre'mont in St. Louis. — His Proclamation. — Removal from Command. — Fremont's Body-guard. — Charge of the Guard. — Beriah Magoffin. — McClellan commands the Army of the Potomac. — All Quiet on the River . . . 462

Chapter XXXVII. Affairs On The Sea-coast

The Blockade. — Blockade Runners. — The Sea Islands. — A Steamboat Waltz. — The Trent. — Seizure of Prisoners on an English Ship. — Feeling of England. — Danger of War averted 469

Chapter Xxxviii. Taking Of Donelson

Gibraltar of the West. — U. S. Grant in Cairo. — Patience and Perseverance. — Commodore Foote batters Fort Henry. — The Muddy Road to Donelson. — The Rebel Ruse. — Grant detects the Design. — Fall of Donelson. — Unconditional Surrender. — Halleck in Missouri. — A Renegade Poet. — Pea Ridge. — Guerrillas. — Close of the Year 1862 . CONTENTS. XVII

Chapter XXXIX. Work On The Ocean In

1862. Hampton Roads. — The Burnside Expedition. — A Formidable Monster. — How the Cumberland went down. -*A Cheese Box on a Raft. — Fight of the Monitor and Merrimack 479

Chapter XL. Shiloh, Island No

10, AND CORINTH. The Log Meeting-house. — The Surprise. — " Drive the Yankees into the River." — Beauregard's Great Victory. — The Tide turns next Morning. — Cutting a Canal under Water. — Taking of Island No. 10. — The Siege of Corinth. — Beauregard's Last Strategy. — The Nation had found its Leader 482

Chapter XLI. Capture Of New Orleans

Ship Island. — Admiral Farragut. — Birnam Wood. — A Huge Fire Monster. — Cutting away the Barriers. — Passing the Forts. — The Levee at New Orleans. — A Bombastic Major. — Temper of the Citizens. — What " Beast Butler " did in New Orleans . . 489

Chapter XLII. Peninsular Campaign

Quiet on the Potomac. — Quaker Guns. — Transportation of an Army. — On to Richmond. — Death in the Swamps. — Norfolk taken by General Wool. — Stonewall Jackson in Western Virginia. — Seven Days' Retreat. — Discouragement of the President . . 495

Chapter XLIII. Invasion Of Maryland

Pope takes Command. — More Defeats. — Maryland! my Maryland! — Entrance into Frederick. — Barbara Frietchie. — Through the Mountain-gap. — McClellan makes haste. — The Antietam Creek. — Fighting Joe Hooker. — The Battle. — Lee's Retreat. — Burnside made Commander. — Ruins of Fredericksburg 499

Chapter XLIV. Affairs In The West

Generals Bragg, Polk, and Hardee. — The Queen City threatened. — Southern Rhetoric. — Armor of the Southern Soldiers. — Rebel Spoils in Kentucky- — Battle of Corinth. — Christmas Jollity at Murfreesboro'. — Rosecrans marches on the Revelers. — "We fight, or die here." — Victory for Unionists 508

Chapter XLV

« EMANCIPATION. The Day of Jubilee. — Sambo in the Union Lines. — The Loyal Chattel. — Lincoln on the Union and Slavery. — His Solemn Vow. — The Emancipation Proclamation. — Prejudice against Negro Soldiers • 514

Chapter XLVI. Siege Of Vicksburg

Western Men. — Surroundings of Vicksburg. — Digging a Canal again. — Running the Batteries. — Grant's Baggage. — The Assaults. — Bombardment. — Surrender. — Port Hudson.— The Mississippi flows unvexed to the Sea . . . . 517 b CONTENTS. XVIII

Chapter XLVII. The War In The East

The Army in Winter-quarters. — Stonewall Jackson's Death. — Invasion of Pennsylvania. — The Call for a Leader. — Gettysburg. — Sanitary Commission. — Horrors of a Battle-field. — Narrative of an Eye-witness. — A Modern Sidney. — The Consecration of Gettysburg 524

Chapter LII. Kilpatrick'

S RAID. Prison Pens. — Their Horrors. — Kilpatrick and Dahlgren. — Dahlgren lost in the Woods. — Shot from an Ambush. — Robbing his Body. — Return of Kilpatrick .... 544 CHAPTER LIH. GRANT IN VIRGINIA. Old Virginia. — Lincoln's Passes to Richmond. — First Meeting of Grant and Lincoln. — A Baulky Team. — Hard Times in Richmond. — The Wilderness. — "Grant not a Retreating Man." — Slow "Hammering." — "We will fight it out on this Line " . 547

Chapter LIV. Sheridan's Ride

General Phil. Sheridan. — Jubal Early's Raid. — Sheridan "Goes in." — The Ride from Winchester. — The Army settles round Petersburg. — A Mine exploded. — A Pit of Death CONTENTS. XIX

Chapter LV. The War In The West

% Red River Expedition. —Forrest's Raid. — Butchery at Fort Pillow. — Secret Societies. — End of the Struggle in Missouri 557

Chapter LVI. Naval Engagements

A Confederate Navy. — Ships built in English Ports. —The Alabama. —Fight with the Kearsarge. — Story of a Brave Sailor. — Collins violates Neutrality Laws. — The Battle of Mobile Bay. — Farragut lashed to the Main-top. — The Gulf is Ours . . .560

Chapter LVII. On To Atlanta

William T. Sherman. — The Three Armies. — Rebel Generals. — The Army fights its Way to Atlanta. — McPherson killed. — " Atlanta is Ours and fairly won." — Designs against Nashville. —"Old Reliable."— Nashville saved 564

Chapter LVIII. The March To The Sea

The Armv begins its March. -The Army Battle Hymn— The Land of Plenty— Prison Pen at Millen. — " Old Glory." — The Sight of the Sea. - Lincoln's Christmas Present. - Sherman goes North. —Burning of Columbia. — Charleston restored to the Nation.— Nearing the End of the March. — The Forlorn Hope of Johnston. — It is baffled at Bentonsville. — Sherman joins Grant 569

Chapter LIX. Last Flashes Of War

Mobile taken. - "Remember Fort Pillow." -The Last Stand at Selma. -The Post before Petersburg. -Lee's last Attempt. - Five Forks. - Confusion in Richmond. - Lee s Surrender to Grant. - The last Parade. -The Cruel War is over 576

Chapter LX. The Assassination

The Joy of the Nation. - Last Speech of Lincoln— In the Theatre— The Murder— Seward's attempted Assassination— The Last Martyrs to Rebellion— The Murderer at Bay. — His Death. — Fate of the Conspirators

Chapter LXI. Closing Events

' Andrew Johnson succeeds Lincoln. - U. S. Grant elected President -Jefferson Davis captured and released. - Atlantic Telegraph laid. - Pacific Railroad built. - American Inventions. — The Centennial LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. paob The Half-moon 112 A Dutchman, 1600 114 Peter Stuyvesant 110 New York in 1664 118 Lord Baltimore 119 William Penn .124 Penn's Assembly House 125 General Oglethorpe 126 King Philip 130 Palisaded Buildings 131 Cave of the Regicides 132 Indian Attack 147 Braddock's Head-quarters in Virginia . 160 Braddock 162 Erangetme ■ . . 163 Acadian* leaving Home 164 Sir William Johnson 164 Block-house on Lake Erie 165 Block-house 166 Lord Howe 170 General Wolfe 173^ A Boston House 170 Spinning-wheel 170 A Dutch Household in New York . . . 180 American Stage-coach 178 Cotton Plant 185 William Pitt 186 James Otis 1(!8 Patrick Henry 189 Patrick Henry before the Assembly . . 190 Badge of Sons of Liberty 191 Faneuil Hall ]<jo Samuel Adams 100 Paul Revere's Ride 201 George Washington ' 205 Benjamin Franklin 206 John Hancock 298 Joseph Warren 210 Plan of Bunker Hill, and Monument . 211 General Putnam 212 The Stars and Stripes 219 Geneial Moultrie 220 Liberty Bell 22i Independence Hall ....... 222 General Burgoyne 232 PAQS Discovery of the Hudson River Frontispiece A Northman's Vessel 26 Christopher Columbus 27 The Ocean and Islands between Western Europe and Eastern Asia (from the Map of Martin Behaim, 1492) ... 29 Columbus before the Council .... 30 The Fleet of Columbus 31 Isabella 34 Amerigo Vespucci 35 Balboa 40 Ferdinand de Soto 45 Sebastian Cabot 50 Verrazano 51 Cartier's Ship 52 French Nobleman in 1540 53 English Gentleman, 1580 ...... 59 Sir Walter Raleigh 59 Drake's Ship 62 Indian Wigwam . . ' 67 American Deer 68 Indian Weapons 70 Medicine Dance ........ 71 Indian Pipes 72 Building Jamestown 74 John Smith 74 Pocahontas 84 Tobacco Plant 86 A Puritan 03 Pilgrims Embarking 05 The Mayflower 95 Pilgrim Costumes 96 Peaceful Overtures from Indians ... 97 Carver's Chair 99 Signatures of Pilgrims 99 Leyden Street, Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1874 100 Signatures of Massachusetts Bay Colonists ' . . 101 John Eliot's Signature 102 Roger Williams 104 Early New England House 105 Early Meeting-house 109 Dutch Windmill 110 Henry Hudson Ill LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

XXI Joseph Brant 233 Philip Schuyler . 236 General Gates 237 Count D'Estaing 241 Count Pulaski 244 Paul Jones 246 Engagement of the Bon Homme Richard with the Serapis 247 Francis Marion 252 Benedict Arnold 254 Major Andri? 255 Henry Lee 258 Baron de Kalb 260 Kosciusko 261 Nathanael Greene 262 Women intercepting Dispatches . . . 264 Lafayette . 270 Rochambeau 271 Plan of Siege of Yorktown 272 Cornwallis 273 John Jay 277 Robert Morris 278 General Knox 280 George Washington 283 Martha Washington 284 Inauguration, of Washington .... 285 New Settlers 289 Daniel Boone 290 John Adams 295 Thomas Jefferson 297 The Untrod Prairie 299 Decatur burning the Philadelphia . . 303 Lieutenant Decatur 305 Mohammedan Soldier 306 Alexander Hamilton 307 Aaron Burr 308 Robert Fulton r . . 309 Fitch's Philadelphia and Trenton Packet 310 Fulton's Clermont Steamer 310 James Madison 311 Felucca Gun-boat 316 Captain Lawrence 327 Oliver H. Perry 330 Cockburn's Fleet sailing up the Potomac 335 Fort McHenry 338 Commodore Macdonough 339 Plan of Battle of New Orleans ... 344 James Monroe -346 J. Q. Adams 348 Pioneers traveling West 349 Andrew Jackson 353 Oliver Evans's Road Engine .... 354 First Railway Passenger Engine . . - 355 First Railway Coach 356 John C. Calhoun 360 Henry Clay 361 Daniel Webster 362 The Palmetto 363 Osceola 364 Indians moving West 365 Martin Van Buren 367 William Henry Harrison 368 John Tyler 369 Samuel F. B. Morse 371 Mexican Farm-house 373 Sam Houston 374 The Spanish Bayonet 380 Prairie Dogs 381 Mexican Town 382 Conquest of New Mexico 383 Kit Carson 385 Santa Anna 387 Plan of Intrenchments at Vera Cruz . 390 Winfield Scott 391 Zachary Taylor 395 San Francisco in 1849 398 Scenery in California — Yosemite Falls 399 Mining in California 401 Millard Fillmore 402 Picking Cotton 411 Sugar-cane 412 Franklin Pierce 417 John Brown 421 James Buchanan 424 Lawrence, Kansas, in 1857 425 ' John C. Fremont 426 Abraham Lincoln 432 Jefferson Davis 434 Sand Bag Battery at Fort Moultrie . . 438 Robert Anderson 439 Banner of South Carolina 440 Fort Suinter after Bombardment . . . 440 Setting out for the Army 441 Union Square, New York, April, 1861 . 445 Federal Hill 447 The Secession Flag 449 Zouave 450 Ephraim E. Ellsworth -451 Exodus of Slaves 452 An Army Forge. 453 Carrick's Ford 455 Robert E. Lee 456 Residence of Jefferson Davis .... 458 The Stone Bridge 459 Stonewall Jackson 460 A Cannon Truck 462 Hauling Cannon 463 George B. McClellan 468 Ulysses S. Grant 472 Foote's Flotilla 474 Grant's Head-quarters at Fort Donelson 475 The Merrimack attacking the Cumberland 480 Pittsburg Landing 483 Pickets on Duty -484 Building the Canal 487 Fort Massachusetts on Ship Island . .