Turkey; its History and Progress: from the Journals and correspondence of Sir J. Porter ... continued to the present time, with a Memoir of Sir J. Porter, by ... Sir G. Larpent

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OAsfbe/ Gyyy^A-fci.'7L/ ABD-UL-MEDJI I laa&cm., Hurst & Blacks tt, 18! TURKEY; ITS HISTORY AND PROGRESS FEOM THE JOURNALS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR JAMES PORTER, FIFTEEN YEARS AMBASSADOR AT CONSTANTINOPLE : CONTINUED TO THE PRESENT TIME, WITH A MEMOIB OF SIB JAMES POSTER, BY HIS GRANDSON, SIE GEORGE LARPENT, BART. &c. &c. &c. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. LONDON: HURST AND BLACKETT, PUBLISHERS SUCCESSORS TO HENRY COLBURN. 13 GEEAT MARLBOROUGH STREET. 1854. LONDON: PRINTED BY REYNELL AND WEIGHT, LITTLE PULTENEY STREET. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. Page The Religious and Civil Government of Turkey. Introduction ...... 3 The Tanzimat . . . . . .16 The Government . . . . .27 The Judicial Offices . . . . .41 The Military Appointments . . . .43 Ecclesiastical Government . . . .45 The Political Power . . . . .57 The Muhammadan Creed . . . .68 Turkish Legislature.

The Legislature . . . . . .81 The Slavery Laws . . - . . .86 The Laws of Matrimony . . . .98 The Administration of Justice .... 115 The Dispensers of the Law .... 126 The Progress of Education. Publie Instruction ..... 137 Public Schools . . . 149 The Public Libraries . . . . .165 The State of Literature . . . . .181 Pagb The Turkish Financial System. The Financial Condition of Turkey . . . 193 The Revenue . . . . . .207 The Expenditure . . . . .222 The Defects in the Financial System . . - 242 Rescind Pacha 253 The Military and Naval Strength of Turkey. The Turkish Army . . . .271 The Organization of the Army .... 283 Tabular Statement of the Turkish Active and Reserve Troops . . . . . .292 Military Administration .... 294 Military Establishments .... 304 The Auxiliary and Irregular Troops . . . 313 Omar Pacha . . . . . .322 Cursehid Pacha (Guyon). .... 334 The Turkish Navy . . . . . 341 The Social Condition of the Turks.

Predestination . . . . . . 357 Polygamy ...... 364 The Social Hierarchy ..... 386 Conclusion ...... 408 ArPENDIX. The Progress of the War .... 427 Comparative Chronology of the Turkish Empire . THE RELIGIOUS AND CIVIL GOVERN- MENT OF TURKEY. VOL. II. B TURKEY.