Paterson's Guide to Glasgow, the Clyde, and Land of Burns

Front matter

ESTABLISHED 1850. PARIS 187 8. Paris 1875. Philadelphia 1876 Brussels 1876. London 1873 HEB. MAJESTY'S BOYAL LETTEBS PATENT COBRY & CO.'S "BELFAST" elicious Aerated Beverages, Guaranteed free from Metallic or other Impurity. PREPARED EXCLUSIVELY FROM THE LIMPID WATERS OF C. & CO.'S CELEBRATED CHROMAC SPRING. Recommended by the Faculty, Medical Journals, and most eminent Analytical Chemists of the day JOHN MERCER & CO., 16 ANN STREET, Glasgow. SOLE AGENTS FOR SCOTLAND. Sold at all Fiest-Class Hotels, Kestaubants, Dining ant> Refreshment Rooms, on Boaed all First-Class Steahiebs, also by Wine Merchants, Grocers and Chemists. TARTAN MANUFACTURERS To Her Majesty The Queen, and T.R.H.s The Prime and Princess of Wale ROMANES & PATERSON, Royal Clan Tartan and Scotch Tweed Warehouse, 62 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH.

Section I

— GLASGOW. i. Site, Growth, and Structure of the City, . . . . . 5 2. Directions and Routes for Tourists, .... 8 3. Tour through the North-Eastern District, .... o 4. Tour through the Central-Eastern District, ... 14 5. Tour through the South-Eastern, and Southern Districts, . . ig 6. Tour through the North-Western District, ... 23 7. Tour through the South-Western District, .... 27

Section II

— THE UPPER CLYDE. 1. Outline and Directions, ....... 30 2. Tour up the South Side, . . ... 31 3. Tour down the North Side, ...... 34

Section III

— THE LOWER CLYDE. 1. Outline and Directions, ....... 40 2. Trip by water from Glasgow to Greenock, .... 42 3. Journey by railway from Glasgow to Greenock, ... 48 4. Trips from Greenock to the North and the West, . . . 51 5. Trip from Greenock to Rotl.esay and Ardrishaig, • • • 55 6. Trip from Greenock to Milport and Arran, . . . 50

Section IV

— THE LAND OF BURNS. 1 . General View, ..... 63 2. Places in the seaboard parts of Ayrshire, . . .64 3. Places in the inland parts of Ayrshire, ..... 67 a Places in Dumfries-shire, . .... PLACES OF INTEREST IN GLASGOW. Libraries — continued. Asylums — Blind (for the) 102 Castle Street, near the Cathedral, free. Deaf and Dumb, Prospect Bank, Queen's Park, free. Indigent Old Men's, 81 Rottenrow, free. Gartnavel (Royal) Lunatic. Botanic Gardens and Crystal Palace — Stirling's, 52 Miller Street, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and 7 to 9 p.m. ; Saturdays, 10 till 12 noon, free. Monuments — George Square: The Queen and Prince Albert (equestrian), Burns, T. Campbell, Lord Clyde, Dr James Graham, Dr Livingstone, Sir Tohn Moore, Jas. Oswald, Sir Robert Peel, Sir Walter Scott, and James Watt. — Pitt, in Corporation Halls, 206 Sauchiehall Street. — Duke of Wellington (equestrian), Royal Exchange, Queen Street. — James Lumsden, Royal Infirmary. — King William (equestrian), Cross. — Lord Nelson, on the Green, near which is St Andrew's Episcopal Church, the oldest in Scotland. — Stewart Memorial Fountain, West End Park.

Great Western Road, is. Bridges over the Clyde — Albert, Saltmarket. G. & S. W. Railway Bridge, Jamaica St. St Andrew's, on the Green. Suspension, Gt. Clyde Street. Victoria, Stockwell Street. Cathedral — Top of High Street, Tuesdays and Thursdays 2d., other days free. Cemeteries — Craigton, Paisley Road. Janefield, Great Eastern Road. Necropolis, beside the Cathedral. Do., Eastern, Gt. Eastern Road. Do., Southern, Caledonian Road. Sighthill, north of St Rollox. Circuses — Museums — Andersonian, 204 George Street, 6d. City Industrial (The), West End Park, free. Hunterian, Glasgow University, Gilmorehill. Hengler's, West Nile Street. Newsome's, Ingram Street. Corporation Picture Galleries — Music Halls — Britannia, Trongate. Royal, Dunlop Street. Scotia, Stockwell Street. 206 Sauchiehall Street, free.

County Buildings — Parks — Ingram and Wilson Streets. Court Houses, foot of Saltmarket. Alexandra, Kenny Hill, off Duke Street. Green (The), east from Saltmarket. Possil, Townhead. Queen's, Victoria Road, Southside. West End, or KelvingTove, with Gallery of Paintings, Fulton's Orrery, &c. Custom House — 94 Great Clyde Street. Exchanges — Coal, West Regent Street. Corn, Hope Street. Royal, Queen Street. Stock (New) Buchanan Street. Picture Galleries — 206 Sauchiehall Street, free. Post Orfice (General) — Halls— City, Candleriggs. Kent Road, Kent Road. New Public, Granville Street. Queen's, Clifton Street. Trades' Halls, Glassford Street. George Square. Koyt.1 Observatory — Dowanhill, off Great Western Road. Railway Stations — Bellgrove Street ; Bridge Street ; Buchanan Street ; Dunlop Street ; College ; St Enoch ; Queen Street ; Southside ; Main Street.

Infirmaries — Hutchison's Hospital. Royal, near the Cathedral. Western, Gilmour Hill. Schools — Inland Revenue Office — Queen Street. High School, EImbank Street. Normal, Cowcaddens. Kibble Crystal Palace and Botanic Gardens — Great Western Road, is. Theatres — Gaiety, 7 Sauchiehall Street. Prince of Wales, 190 Cowcaddens. Royal, 77 Cowcaddens (re-building). Universities — Libraries — Athenæum, no Ingram Street. Mechanics', 38 Bath Street. Mitchell, 7 E. Ingram Street, to a.m. to 10 p.m., free. Andersonian, 204 George Street. Glasgow, Gilmour Hill. THE TOURISTS' HANDY GUIDE TO GLASGOW.

Section I. Glasgow

1. SITE, GROWTH, AND STRUCTURE OF THE CITY. GLASGOW stands partly on the south side cf the Clyde, but chiefly on the north side. The rocks beneath it are principally those of the carboniferous formation, — sandstone, shale, clay, ironstone, and coal ; and they lie, in many parts, close to the surface or very near it. The ground, in all the parts on the south of the river, and throughout the southern parts on the north, is level plain, lying in some places below the elevation of freshets, and rising nowhere more than a few feet above the elevation of spring tides ; it all appears to have lain under the water of an estuary so recently as 3,000 years ago or less ; and it has, since the year 1780, in the course of digging foundations for houses in various streets, been found to inhume no fewer than sixteen ancient rude canoes.

The site throughout the northern parts of the city, is chiefly a series of elliptic shaped hills, rising with considerable steepness from the plain, ranging in line nearly parallel to the course of the river, attaining elevations of from 50 to 252 feet above the plain's level, and somewhat diversified with two intersecting ravines, some intermediate hollows, and several small crowning tableaux. The chief summits are Garngad hill and the Necropolis hill, in the east, with altitudes of 252 and 225 feet; Gamet Hill, Wood lands Hill, and Blytheswood Hill, in iJie west, with altitudes of 176, 153, and /35 feet ; and Observatory Hill and Hill head summit, in the western outskirts, with altitudes of 179 and 157 feet. The ravine of the Molindinar burn sweeps round the north-east, between the Ne cropolis Hill and the high ground crowned by tie Cathedral, but becomes lost in the plain toward the south ; and the dell of Kelvin water approaches the north west with features •of high romance, goes southward in various picturesqueness between the West End Park and Gilmour Hill, overhung there by the magnificent new University buildings, and retains some force of banks onward to the near vicinity of the Clyde.

The views within most of the city, even including the en virons, are confined, mainly architectural, and largely characterized by murkiness and turmoil ; and those from many of the most advantageous spots, comprise nothing better than long street vistas or great urban expanses, closed in the near distance by either clouds of smoke or low heights ; but those from a few of the best stand-points, particularly the Ne cropolis Hill, Sighthill Cemetery, the upper part of the West End Park, the crown of the Alexandra Park, and the crown of the Queen's Park, combine striking foregrounds of the city with rich rural perspectives, away to distant hills or mountains. GROWTH OF THE CITY. Glasgow dates from a Culdee celL built by St. Mungo or Kentigern about the year 560. The germ of the city grew on high ground adjacent to the site of the Cathedral, on the west side of the Molindinar burn's ravine, about a mile north of the Clyde.

Any extension directly eastward was prevented by the steep acclivities of the Necropolis Hill ; and all extensions northward, down to the present day, are modern, small, and unattractive. The early extensions went south eastward and south-westward, not more than about 4 or 5 furlongs, to the foot 6T Ladywell Street and Bell o' the Brae ; stood on either ridgy hill or rapid slope ; and passed from a condition of mediæval grandeur to one of modern squalor. GROWTH OF THE CITY. 6 Subsequent extensions, constituting the main bulk of the city till the latter part of last century, went southward from the foot of Bell o' the Brae to an ancient bridge across the Clyde, on the site of the present Victoria Bridge ; comprised one main thoroughfare in the direct line of High Street, Saltmarket Street, and Bridgegate,and another main thoroughfare in the transverse line of Gallowgate and Trongate ; included numerous short streets, wynds, and closes on the wings of the main thoroughfares ; displayed originally and for a long time many features of taste and opulence, but even tually became dingy, dismal, and poor ; and have, within the last few years, undergone considerable fracture, partly by the passage through them of the City Union railway, and partly by demolitions for forming new streets.

Some extensions in the latter part of last century and the early part of the present, went eastward in prolongation of Gallowgate, and south-eastward to the Clyde in the vicinity of Rutherglen Bridge ; and, with slight exceptions, consist of plain, dense, murky streets and lanes, edificed chiefly with work men's houses, workshops, and factories. Other extensions of the same period went westward along the plain, over all the breadth between the high grounds and the river ; terminated near the line of Buchanan Street and Jamaica Street, running southward to the site of Glasgow Bridge ; had, for their main thoroughfares, George Street along the base os' the high grounds, the western part of Trongate and eastern part of Argyle Street along the centre, and numerous transverse streets at right angles in the intermediate spaces ; were aligned and edificed with much airiness and neatness ; and have undergone so many renovations, and been so much enriched by subsequent imposing public buildings, as now to present a character which would sit nobly on any large pro vincial town.

A small extension of the same period grew around an old tiny suburb at the south end of the ancient bridge, on the site of the present Vic toria Bridge ; bore, conjointly with the old suburb, the name of Gorbals ; and embodied such narrow, irregular, dis agreeable thoroughfares as required, under a recent City Improvement Act, to be extensively widened and reconstructed. More recent extensions, the largest in area and the grandest in feature, commenced about the year 1820, and may be regarded as still in progress ; have gone partly northward from St. George's Church at the original western termination of George Street, but chiefly westward, for a distance of about 2 miles, from the line of Buchanan Street and Jamaica Street, to a line considerably west of Kelvin Water ; surround the old suburb of Anderston, once about a mile distant from the city, and overlap the old suburb of Partick on the west bank of the Kelvin ; are complete or compact over the greater part of the area, but as yet straggling or fragmentary towards the west ; include some dingy suburban portions, but consist mainly of symmetrical, spacious, well-edificed streets, terraces, crescents, squares, and places, interspersed with open areas and ornamental shrubberies ; and, in a general view, but with great inferiority of site and cincture, may bear comparison with the New Town of Edinburgh.

Other recent extensions, contemporaneous with those western ones on the north, and also still in progress, have spread eastward, southward, and westward, from Gorbals ; cover an area fully twice as large as that occupied by all Glasgow in the early years of the present century ; are rapidly approaching junction with Crosshill and Govan burghs, respectively 1 J mile south and 2 miles west of the old Gorbals suburb ; consist princi pally of neat, straight streets, crossing one another at right angles ; and, though much less finely edificed than the north western extensions, and possessing no natural relief from the universal flatness of their site, form a town which, if situated in almost any part of England, would be pronounced decidedly beautiful. STRUCTURE OF THE CITY. The entire city covers an area of 4,901s acres in Lanarkshire, and 133^ acres in Renfrewshire ; measures, in its strictly compact portions, about 3 miles in length, from east to west, and 2 miles in breadth, from north to south; and, inclusive of suburbs and outskirts, has a total length of about 6 miles, and a total breadth of about 4J miles.

Two lines of spacious thoroughfare traverse its central parts, in their entire length, from east to west; numerous spacious thoroughfares traverse STRUCTURE OF THE CITY. 7 other parts of it, for long distances, in the same direction ; many spacious transverse streets traverse all or much of it, from north to south ; three of these transverse streets, in line with the three principal bridges over the Clyde, are prolonged southward to the southern outskirts of the Gorbals extensions ; two spacious street terraces, each edificed on only one side, extend along the Clyde's banks, from the uppermost carnage bridge to the city's western extremity ; several squares, spacious crescents, and other open areas, break the prevailing density of the street masses ; and four public parks, several other large and ornate enclosures, and many groups or chains of villas with garden plots or shrubberies lie round the outskirts, particularly in the west, the south-west, and the south, and form pleasing transition from town to country.

The building material, in all parts of the city, is mostly a light-coloured, fine grained, silicious sandstone ; admits polish and carving nearly as well as if it were marble ; and retains, for a long time, its freshness of tint. The masonry every where is substantial, and exhibits a mass iveness and a force unattainable by any kind of brick-work. The architecture, throughout the ancient portion of the city, is mostly weather-worn and haggard ; throughout the old and operative portions, is mostly in the plainest cut stone fashion ; throughout the less recent extensions, exhibits a large amount of graceful Italian ornamentation; in many of the newest portions, abounds in features of the renais sance, from light and tasteful to heavy and elaborate ; in some of these portions, dis plays long symmetrical facades, in highly ornate Italian style ; in the grand front range on the crown of the West End park, is French in multitudes of reconstructions ; and new edifices in all parts west of the line of High Street, but specially and in creasingly in the parts west of the line of Queen Street, even more in the business thoroughfares than in the retired ones, display profusion of Saxon, Norman, Gothic, Grecian, Roman, Flemish, Scot tish baronial, and other characters, in such near neighbourhood to one another as to dazzle the eye of every ordinary observer.

The general alignment and structure con trast strongly with the irregularity and monotony of most of the large towns of England; and architectural ornamentation, though occasionally showy, excessive, and unæsthetic, strikes even a severe critic as aggregately characterized by much elegance. A murky atmosphere, a grimy popula tion, the roar of traffic, crowds of factories, and a forest of fuming chimney-stalks, on the other hand, are remarkably disagree able, — insomuch as to repel quiet strangers from making a lengthened sojourn, and to drive the upper and middle classes of the citizens themselves into summer residence, in the country or on the coast. But these things affect very slightly the West End ; and they are the symbols and con comitants of matters vastly more valuable than any matters of mere taste or pleasure.

Tourists in quest of the beautiful or the curious will find multitudes of things in Glasgow to charm them ; and tourists in quest of the useful and profitable, — manufacturers, merchants, and economists — will find more things in it to suit their purpose than can be found in almost any other one town in the empire, ft carries on manufactures in nearly all departments of industry ; has such numerous and large public works for cottons, woollens, linens, machinery, steam-vessels, iron-ware, pot tery, chemicals, and other products as employ, directly or indirectly, about nine tenths of its population ; contains ware house buildings generally so spacious, frequently so ornate, and aggregately so numerous, that they would themselves con stitute a very considerable town ; carries on a vigorous commerce with almost all places, even to the ends of the earth, whence produce can be wrung, or where markets can be created ; possesses one of the most marvellous artificial harbours and artificial harbour-approaches in the world ; and abounds with gentlemen of the highest practical intelligence and skill in all the departments of productive art and applied science ; and, at the same time, is the seat of a noble university, with twenty seven professorial chairs, and annually about 1480 students.

The city's progress in manufacture dates only from about 1725, — or, in main degree, from only about 1 792 ; its progress in commerce and in ship-building dates only from about 1812, or more fully, from about 1827 ; and its progress in population dates, in slow increase, from only about 1712, — in rapid increase, from about 1801. The population in 1708, was 12,766; in 1740, 17,034; in 1763, 28,300; in 1791, DIRECTION AND ROUTES FOR TOURISTS. 8 96,578; in 1801, 83,769 ; in 181 1, 110,460 in 1821, 147,043; in 1831, 202,426 ; in I 1841,280,682; in 1851, 360,138 ; in 1861, | 446,639; in 1871, 547,538; in 1881, 674,095. 2. DIRECTIONS AND ROUTES FOR TOURISTS. The principal show-places in the city, with the times and terms of admission, are the Hunterian Museum, University Buildings, Gilmour Hill, from II till 4 every lawful day, 6d. ; the Andersonian Museum, 204 George Street, from 1 1 till 3 every lawful day, 6d.; the Corporation Picture-Galleries, 206 Sauchiehall Street, every lawful day, free ; the Botanic Gar dens, west end of Hillhead, % mile west of the Kelvin, every lawful day, is. ; the West End or Kelvin Grove Park, with Gallery of Paintings, Fulton's Orrery, and other attractions, adjacent to the east side of the Kelvin, opposite Gilmour Hill, daily, free ; and the Cathedral, adjacent to the ravine of the Molindinar burn north of the head of Bell o' the Brae, Tuesdays and Fridays, 2d., — other days, free.

The chief places of amusement are 2 Theatres in Cowcaddens, and I in Sauchiehall Street ; 2 Music Halls in Trongate, and 3 in Dunlop Street, Cowcaddens, and Bridgeton ; and the Queen's Rooms, for assemblies, concerts, and miscellaneous entertainments, adjacent to the Claremont entrance of the West End Park. The principal hotels are in the chief thorough fares ; and these hotels, as regards both accommodation and situation, will be found the most convenient for tourists. the north-west, a distance of about 3^ miles ; and by a loop-line from a central point in Sauchiehall Street westward, a distance of about 1 )i mile ; and they send off branches southward to Crosshill, east north-eastward to Dennistoun, and west ward, on the south-side, to Govan. One starting-point on them, for the Botanic Garden and Dennistoun, is at St Vincent Place, in the south-western vicinity of George Square ; another starting-point, for Partick and Whiteinch is at Union Street, about 5 furlongs to the south-west ; and various transit-points, on their main lines, are in streets about X m'le t0 the south and the west Omnibuses run from Buchanan Street Railway Station to the South Side Stations, and from central parts of the City to all the Suburbs, and near towns not reached by the tramways.

A chief cab station is in George Square ; and other cab stations are at convenient dis tances from it and from one another. The cab fares are regulated by authority, and were recently raised. The hirer may engage a cab by either time or distance ; but if he prefer it by time, he must say so before starting. The fare for any distance not exceeding a mile is is. for three adults, and is. 3d. for four; that for every half-mile more than a mile, or for part of an additional half-mile, is 6d. for three adults, and 9d. for four ; and that for any distance beyond five miles must be fixed by special agreement.

The rates for any distance not exceeding five miles, cover the time of the cabman's going from the nearest stand to the hirer's residence, and require him to wait there free for not more than ten minutes ; but they must be in creased by 6d. for every fifteen minutes, or part of fifteen minutes, which he waits beyond the allowed ten minutes ; and, should he require to go more than 300 yards from his stand or yard to the hirer's residence, they involve an extra charge of 6d. The hirer has the option of returning for half fare ; and the carriage must wait for him ten minutes free when the half fare is 9d., must wait for him fifteen minutes free when the half fare is is. or more, and will be charged 6d. for every ten minutes The main station of the North British railway adjoins the north-west corner of George Square ; the Coatbridge and Monkland station of the North British railway, is at the Old College in High Street ; that of the Glasgow and South Western is in St Enoch Square ; the central station of the Caledonian railway is in Gordon Street ; the southern station of the Caledonian railway adjoins Caledonian Road, about '/z mile south of Victoria Bridge ; and the station of the Glasgow and South-western railway is adjacent to the south end of Glasgow Bridge.

Tramways, with cars running on them every few minutes, extend from Bridgeton-cross on the east to Whiteinch on the west, a distance of about 4^ miles ; from the head of Eglinton Street on the south, along Glasgow Bridge, and around the Great Western Road to Hillhead on GEORGE SQUARE. 9 or a part of ten minutes, of its waiting beyond the allowed free time. The rate for a drive into the country, not further than five miles from the General Post- Office, returning either directly or circuit ously, is is. for every fifteen minutes, while the rate of driving shall be at least six miles per hour. But the rates, within the city, or for short distances, are double from midnight till 6 a.m. The tramway cars and the city omnibuses, though avail able for a very large aggregate distance, run entirely in lines adapted to local traffic ; and cabs or special carriages, with occasional alightings at particular spots, are desirable or even essential for comfortable and satisfactory tours through the city.

GEORGE SQUARE, is the best starting point for comprehensive tours ; for it is more central and more nearly commands most objects of main interest than any other point ; it also pre-eminently admits of a series of circling lines to be so drawn from it, as best to economise time and distance ; and, though somewhat distant from some of the railway stations, it is averagely not further from them than any other centre. Five circuits, each begin ning and ending at the north-west comer of George Square, and running through respectively the north-eastern, the central eastern, the south-eastern and southern, the north-western, and the south-western districts of the city, will go past or near almost all the interesting objects. 3. TOUR THROUGH THE NORTH-EASTERN DISTRICT. Go round George Square ; proceed eastj ward, along George Street and Duke | Street, to the east end of Denniston, a | distance of nearly i% mile ; go thence north-eastward, along Cumbernauld Road, to the Alexandra Park ; follow the carriage drive round that park, over the summit, back to the south entrance ; go thence eastward, along Alexandra parade or along the middle thoroughfare of Denniston, and past either the north base or the south base of the Necropolis Hill, to the Cathe dral ; proceed from the western vicinity of the Cathedral, northward to the canal basin at the foot of Garngad Hill ; and go thence westward along Parliamentary Road, southward down Dundas Street, and a few yards eastward along George Street, back to the starting-point at the north-west corner of George Square.

GEORGE SQUARE was originally a grand quadrangle of mansions around a spacious enclosed shrubbery; has under gone such extensive reconstructions of its buildings as now to be a great centre of \ business; continued, till a few years ago, to be engirt all round its open area with iron railings, and reserved for the exclusive use of the occupants of its houses ; underwent sweeping change by removal of its railings, uprooting of its trees, formation of broad transverse paths across it, erection of numerous handsome seats within its area, and construction of a neat granite fountain at its north side; and, in 1877, was further adorned with a series of fountains and several groups of sculpture. Sir Walter Scott's monument stands in its centre ; was erected in 1837, prior to the erection of any other monument to Scott ; and consists of a high square pedestal and a fluted Doric column 80 feet high, after designs by David Rhynd, and a surmounting colossal standing statue from the chisel of A. H. Ritchie.

Queen Victoria's monument stands in the middle of the west division ; was erected, at the west end of St. Vincent Place in 1854, and removed to its present site in 1866 ; and is an equestrian bronze statue by Baron Maro chetti. The Prince Consort's monument stands in the middle of the east division ; was erected in 1866, and inaugurated by the Duke of Edinburgh ; and is a bronze equestrian statue, also by Baron Maro chetti, and symmetrical with that of the Queen. Sir Robert Peel's monument stands at the north-west corner; was erected in 1858; and is a standing bronze statue by the Glasgow artist John Moss man. James Watt's monument is at the south-west corner ; was erected in 1832 ; and is a sitting bronze statue by Chantrey. Sir John Moore's monument stands at the middle of the south side ; was erected in 1819 ; and is a very fine standing bronze statue by Flaxman.

Lord Clyde's monument also stands at the middle of the south side ; occupies a companion position to that of Sir John Moore ; was erected in 1866, soon after Lord Clyde's death ; and is a standing bronze statue by W. H. GEORGE STREET. 10 Foley. Dr Thomas Graham's monument at the south-east corner ; was erected in 1872, and is a sitting bronze statue by W. Brodie. Burns' monument at the north east corner, was inaugurated in 1877 ; and is a pedestrian bronze statue by G. E. Ewing. The bronze statue of David Livingstone, the African traveller, was in augurated in 1878. (See Note A, on page 71.) The Queen's Hotelfronts all the western half of the north side of George Square; the Royal Hotel and the Crown Hotel front the eastern half of the same side. The George Hotel fronts the southern part of the east side, and dates from times not long after the original formation of the Square.

The Post Office fronts the south side ; was formerly an edifice of 1856, becoming latterly quite inadequate ; was re-founded by the Prince of Wales, amid great demonstration, in October 1876, to be rebuilt on a scale to cover 2,500 yards ; and, according to the designs for it, is in rich Italian style, and presents a frontage of 190 feet to George Square, and flankages of 120 feet to Han over Street and Frederick Street. A splendid range of warehouses occupies all the west side of South Hanover Street ; from George Square to Ingram Street ; was erected by the muslin manufacturers, the Macdonalds, who figured conspicuously in the bankrupt crisis of 1857 ; and is in ornate Italian style. The Bank of Scot land has large frontage at the south end of the west side of the square, and presents its main or entrance front to St Vincent Place; was erected in 1867 ; is in massive highly ornamental Italian style ; and has, over its St Vincent Place entrance, a ponderous entablature resting on noble cattle caryatides from the chisel of William Mossman.

The Merchants' House stands adjacent to the Bank of Scotland ; presents a frontage of 98 feet to the square, and 96 feet to George Street ; was erected in 1874-6 ; exhibits features similar to those of the Bank of Scotland, but more elaborate ; has, at its. north-east corner, a tower 122 feet high. GEORGE STREET extends about 600 yards from George Square to High Street; retains much of its original construction ; and has all an airy well-built modern aspect. St. Pauls Established Church, on the east side of John Street, a few paces north of George Street, was built in 1830 to supersede the parochial use of the nave of the Cathedral; and is a neat edifice with a belfry. The High School, a plain but commodious structure, 120 feet long and 28 feet broad, stood in an area behind the houses of George Street, between St Paul's Church and Montrose Street ; was erected about 1820, in lieu of premises now oc cupied by the Andersonian University ; it dated as an institution from the early part of the 1 2th century.