School-history of North Carolina, from 1584 to 1879

Front matter

Als ACT TO AUTHORIZE A HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA FOR USE OF THE COMMON SCHOOLS IN THIS STATE. Whereas, John W. Moore, of Hertford [county] has prepared a History of North Carolina which has been examined and approved by the Joint Committee on Education : The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact : Section 1. That upon the publication of an abridgment of this work and its approval by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the same shall be used in the common schools of the State as a text-book: Provided, the State Board of Education shall have first agreed with the publishers as to [the] price which said work shall be sold for. Sec. 2. This act shall be in force from and after its ratification. Ratified the 1st day of March, A. D. 1879. STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, Office Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh, May 9th, 1879.

In compliance with the foregoing statute, I hereby certify that I have exam ined Moore's School History of Nortii Carolina, and approve the same for use in the Public Schools of the State JOHN C SCARBOROUGH, Superintendent of Public Instruction. ERRATA. Page 7, 14th line, for "1593," read "1584." " 9, 27th line, for "1622,*' read " 1607." '• 51, 28th line, for "on," read "with." " 52, 2d line, for " was," read "were." " 120, 4th line of caption, for " 1889," read " 1789." " 142, 4th line, for "adversaris," read "advisnris." " 167, date to chapter, for -'1716 to 1721," read "1816 to 1821." " 205, 10th hue. for " Lilliman," read " L. Silliman." " 275, 25th line, for "June," read "July " SIR WALTER RALEIGH. SCHOOL HISTORY OF North Carolina, From 1584 to 1879. By JOHN WHEELER MOORE. "The old order chaugeth, yielding place to new." — Tennyson.

RALEIGH, N. C. : ALFRED WILLIAMS & CO., BOOKSELLERS. 1879. Entered according to Act of Congress,, in the year T879, by Alfred Williams & Co., In the office of the Lihrarian of Congress,, at Washington. Pl-esseB of Edwards, Beoughton & Ce>.r Ealeigh, N. C. Preface. This little work is intended to supply a want long ex perienced in North Carolina. Teachers of intelligence have, for years past, been demanding a brief yet compre hensive statement of the State's greatness and growth. Our annals have been unwritten as to the century which lies between us and the men of the first Revolution. No succinct narrative has yet given the thrice-glorious record of the seven thronging years, when, amid disaster and de feat, the indomitable spirit of North Carolina refused to succumb and sent out fresh thousands of her sons to die for liberty.

Preface

. historic muse may dilate, but supply fit inspiration to the loftiest poetry and song. This humble work seeks with filial devotion to portray, as well as the necessary brevity of a school book admits, our claim to respect and consideration as a State. The author is but human, but in good faith protests that he has set down nothing in malice, but told the tale in all truth and earnestness. He has shown how good and brave men may differ in their efforts to attain the same end, and would despise himself if capable of distorting the sa cred truth of history. With the hope that what has been written in love may win the charitable speeches of the reader, and that only good motives may be attributed, where difference of view may occur, he commits this book to his countrymen and the next ages. JNO. W. MOORE Maple Lawn, Hertford County, N. C INDIAN CHIEF.

Chapter I

A. D. 1584 TO 1003. Early Denizens of North Carolina— Their Habits— Religious Belief — The Spaniards in America — Sir Humphrey Gilbert — Sir Walter Raleigh — Ralph Lane — Sir Francis Drake — Gov. White and Virginia Dare — Death of Raleigh— Roanoke Abandoned for Jamestown — Roger Green and George Durant — King Charles II. and the Lords Proprietors. flN the latter part of the XVI. Century, the land now sjsknown as North Carolina was solely peopled by Indians. The Tuscaroras in the east, Catawbas in the centre, and the Cherokees in the west, divided the soil among themselves. No white or black people had ever been seen in these limits. 2. The Indians were called Red Men from their copper complexions. They were a proud, indolent and revenge ful race. The men hunted, fished and engaged in petty wars upon their neighbors, and left to their women the culture of the small corn-fields they had cleared.

They had no horses, sheep, cattle, hogs or poultry. Upon the wild deer, turkeys, buffaloes and other animals was their dependence for food. They shot these with arrows and took them also by traps. 3. The Indians believed in God, whom they called the Great Spirit. They had but little regard for any one but those of their own tribe, and resented visits of others to their hunting grounds by battle and murder. Their lives were filled with fears of invasion and death. They had little care for their own kindred when enfeebled by age or disease, and left the loiterer on a march to perish by neglect. 4. Strong tribes continually drove off and seized the homes of those who could not raise enough warriors to prevent defeat. They considered their braves honorable according to the number of scalps they had taken from the heads of dead enemies, and were strangers to pity, justice and what is usually thought commendable among civilized people.

Questions.— 1. Who lived in the country now known as North Carolina in the XVI. Century? 2. Why were the Indians caUed Red Men? Did they keep domestic animals? On what flesh did they subsist? 3. What was their religious belief? Were they kind to strangers or their own disabled friends? 4. How did the strong tribes treat the weak? What are scalps, and what did they signify ? EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 5. The Spaniards had discovered America almost an hundred years before. That people had built up great settlements in the West Indies, Mexico and Peru. Eng lishmen resolved to plant colonies to the northward of the Spanish possessions in America. Queen Elizabeth gave permission to Sir Humphrey Gilbert and his half brother, Walter Raleigh, to search for new discoveries in North America. Gilbert came with two ships and was drowned with his crew by the sinking of the vessel he was in, but the other returned and reported their discov eries and ill-fortune.

Raleigh again, in 1584, sent two ships, under Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlow, across the Atlantic Ocean. These reached an inlet off Roanoke Island in July, 1593. They met the Indians and conversed with them by means of signs and returned to England with two of the Red Men, whose names were Manteo and Wan chese. 6. The next year Sir Walter Raleigh sent a colony, un der Ralph Lane as Governor. These came to Roanoke Island and attempted a settlement. 7. The City of Raleigh, as they called their village, was at the end of Albemarle Sound. Governor Lane went on voyages of discovery up the water courses, as did Sir Richard Grenville, who came over with him. They ex plored Chowan River to the mouth of the Nottoway 5. Where were the Spanish settlements in America in the XVI. Century? Who did Queen Elizabeth empower to make discoveries in this Continent?

What kin was Sir Humphrey Gilbert to Sir Walter Raleigh? What became of Sir Humphrey? What two men did Sir Walter send in charge of 1ns ships in 1584? Where did they land? Whom did they carry back to England? 6. Who was Governor Lane and what did he do? 7. What Admiral carried back the colo- Upon ascending the Roanoke, they were assailed by the Tuscaroras, who lived upon its banks. An Indian King named Wingina, engaged in plots to slay the English settlers. He and some of his head men were seized and put to death. Governor Lane was troubled for want of food for his people. The Indians ceased to bring in supplies, and there was prospect of a war. In this state of affairs a famous Admiral, Sir Francis Drake, came to anchor with a fleet near the settlement, and Governor Lane and he agreeing it was best for the colony, all sailed with Drake back to England.

Sir Richard Grenville came with another fleet and succor too late. He left fifteen men and sailed in search of the Spaniards, who were in those days considered enemies by the English. 8. Sir Walter Raleigh the next year again sent out another colony, under John White. This consisted of more than a hundred men, women and children. They found that the fifteen men left the year before at Roanoke had been murdered by the Indians. Governor White soon thought it necessary to return to England for help to the many wants of the colony, and did not return until 1590. He found no trace of the people he had left, but the word "Croatan" carved upon a tree. His daughter, whom he left on the island, had given birth to a little girl girl named Virginia Dare, whose name is yet borne by a county, and who was the first English child born in America.

This baby and all the people were no doubt killed by the Indians. nists? What of Sir Richard Grenville? 8. When did Governor White and his colony come over? Did they find the men left by Grenville? What became of White's colonists ? Who was Virginia EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 9 9. The brave and tireless Raleigh, who had expended so much money in attempts to settle the land he called Virginia, also fell into other misfortunes. James I., who become King upon the death of Elizabeth, became his enemy, in order to please the King of Spain. Sir Walter was charged falsely with crime, and after long imprison ment was beheaded. Few greater or better persons have lived in the world than this brave, wise and resolute man. He was a statesman, soldier, poet, historian and navi gator, and though so various in his gifts, was eminent in all. 10.

The settlement at Roanoke was wisely abandoned by those who were to follow in control of English emigration to America. The safe entrance at Hampton Roads was substituted for the dangerous anchorage at Trinity Harbor. The storms could not then wreck the ships vis iting the coast, and thus access and help were both greatly facilitated. Sir Robert Heath, and the more famous Sir Richard Hackluyt, with others, were the recipients of the King's gifts of American lands in this instance. It was at best doubtful morality in the Kings of Europe thus to dispose of King Powhatan's domain ; but it was the habit of that time to despise the rights of all men then called infidels. Under this term were included all people who did not agree as to material points of religious be lief. 11. The settlement at Jamestown was effected in 1622, mainly through the genius and bravery of Captain John Smith.

From this point was to come the first permanent Dare ? 9. What befel Raleigh ? 10. Why was Roanoke abandoned for Jamestown? 11. How did Governor Berkeley treat Baptists and occupation of North Carolina by white people. By degrees the English extended their settlements to Nansemond Riv er. Governor Berkeley, of Virginia, was a tyrant and bigot His treatment of the Baptists and Quakers led Roger Green, in 1653, to seek safety from persecution by retiring, with others, to the banks of Chowan and Roanoke Rivers. Nine years later, George Durant bought of the Yeopim Indians a neck of land on the Albemarle Sound. King Charles II. was then freshly restored to the throne, from which his father had been deposed and beheaded. This Prince, to reward those whom he had not money and places at home to satisfy, in 1663, gave to Lord Clarendon and others the whole of the lands now included in North and South Carolina.

They were called Lords Proprietors, and obtained this magnificent gift to gratify their love of money and power. They were largely to control the affairs of the colony, and were to prove only stumbling blocks to its real prosperity and happiness. Quakers? When did King Charles II. make another grant of Carolina ? GOVERNOR DRUMMONd's ADMINISTRATION. 11

Chapter II

A. D. 1663 TO 167 9. <Gov. Drummond assumes control of Albemarle — Gen. Monk and Albemarle Sound— Now England Settlers on the Cape Fear— Sir John Yeamans — Divisions of Albemarle— Gov. Stephens^-The Assembly of 1669 — Death of Drummond— The Fundamental Constitutions — The Navigation Act — William Edmundson— Governor Cartwright — Easfchnrch and Miller — Culpepper's Rebellion. *@§§ir William Berkeley, by orders of the Lords Fwappointed William Drummond, Governor of Albemarle. He was a Scotchman of position in Virginia, and possessed virtues to justify his selection as ruler of the Carolina settlements. He found but few English people in the colony, except those living north of the Albemarle Sound. This fine body of water bears the name of the selfish and crafty Gen, George Monk, who was made Duke of Albemarle by Charles II. in gratitude for that mon arch's restoration to the British throne.

Governor Drum mond is commemorated by the lake in the Dismal Swamp, which still bears his name. Carolina was named both by the English and the French in honor of the second Charles Stuart and Charles IX. of the latter kingdom. There had been a New England settlement at the mouth of Cape Fear River, established in 1660, but they offered, the Indians of that section by carrying off their children on the pretense of educating them, but really to reduce Questions.— 1. Who was the first Governor of Albemarle? Whq was the Duke of Albemarle? For whom was Carolina named? Yf hat of the Now England settlements upon the Cape Fear? Why them to slavery. This same people were at this time im porting African slaves into Carolina and Virginia. Their settlement was abandoned before the arrival of Sir John Yeamans in the same region in 1663.

He was a planter of Barbadoes, and was a man of enough consideration to be knighted by the king. His gallant father was Sheriff of Bristol, in England, and was beheaded by order of Fairfax, who commanded the soldiers then fighting against Charles I. The confiscations under Cromwell ruined the estate of young John Yeamans, and he went to the Island of Barbadoes to restore his fortunes. The next year Sir John was made Governor of the new County of Clarendon, and settled upon the Cape Fear at its junction with Old Town Creek. Several hundred colonists accompanied him, and Charlestown was a considerable village in less than a year from its foundation. In a short time Governor Yeamans was transferred to what is now South Carolina, and his people soon abandoned Cape Fear for the new seat upon Cooper and Ashley Rivers. 2.

In 1665, a new grant was procured of the King for the lands between the southern boundary of Virginia and the mouth of Chowan River. This territory had not been included in the first deed under the Great Seal of England. In the same year Governor Drummond con vened the first session of the Grand Assembly of Albe marle. This body was not as great in power and num bers as its high-sounding title would indicate. Three Precincts — Carteret, Berkeley and Shaftesbury — sent up did they leave ? Who was Sir John Yeamans, and where did he build a town? 2. When was the first Grand Assembly of Albemarle? GOVERNOR STEPHENS' ADMINISTRATION. 13 members, who met at a private residence and enacted laws for a few thousand people. 3. Governor Drummond was replaced in 1667, by Sam uel Stephens, as ruler of Albemarle.

The retiring magis trate was soon to be put to death in Virginia, by Gover nor Berkeley, who asserted that Drummond was' aiding the rebellion of Colonel Bacon. King Charles said of Sir William Berkeley, "That old fool has put more people to death in that naked country than I in all England for the murder of my father." Governor Stephens was ordered by the Lords Proprietors to act with the advice of a council of twelve men. One half of these were his own ap pointees ; the others elected by the free-holders. The As sembly consisted of the Governor, his Council and the House of Assembly elected by the people, who were land holders. They were to make laws and govern Albemarle very much as they pleased, so they respected the King and the Lords Proprietors. 4. The earliest recorded legislation was in 1669.

One statute of that year refused any process to collect a debt against a settler, who had contracted it previous to com ing to Albemarle. Another provided that where people wished to marry, and no preacher was convenient, the man and woman were to become man and wife by simply declaring their intention of such a purpose before the Governor or any of his Council. The first law mentioned was to induce immigration, and the second is accounted for by the fact that there were no preachers in the colony 3. When did Samuel Stephens assume control ? 4. What laws were en acted In 1669 ? What did Charles II. say of Governor Berkeley ? 5. Who and they alone, by law, could then solemnize the rites of matrimony. 5. Governor Stephens' last official act was to announce to the people of Albemarle, the adoption, by the Lords Proprietors, of a system of government, which had been prepared by John Locke for the control of Carolina* This famous man had great wisdom and virtues, but the Fundamental Constitutions, as his scheme was called, was wholly unsuited to the people for whom it was prepared The Palatine, Landgraves and Cassiques were orders of nobility, and, with other cumbrous and misplaced in congruities, were scorned and resisted by the whole people of Carolina.

The Grand Model and Navigation Act were the first causes of dissension between England and the Carolina people. The latter neither wished to be ruled by titled dignitaries, or to lose the benefits of the New England trade; so a struggle began in 1669, which was to continue for more than a century. The Navigation Act was passed at Cromwell's order, by the English Par liament, to cripple the Dutch commerce. It was now re vived in a selfish and wanton disregard of the promises contained in the charters of-the different American colonies. 6. In 1670, population had extended southward of the Albemarle Sound, and families were found as far in that direction as Beaufort. The county of Albemarle was di vided into three precincts: these were called Carteret, Berkeley and Shaftesbury. In those days, when as yet was the author of the Fundamental Constitutions ?

How did the peo ple like the Grand Model ? What was the first purpose of the Navi gation Act ? 6. How was Albemarle divided in 1670 ? Who preached GOVERNOR CARTWRIGHT's ADMINISTRATION. 15 there was not even a village in North Carolina, there was but little commerce, culture, or religion, to be found. In 1672, William Edmundson came with George Fox to America, and preached the first sermon ever heard in Albemarle, to the Quakers at Phelps' Point, where now stands the village of Hertford. 7. Upon the death of Governor Stephens, in 1673. he was succeeded by George Cartwright, who had been Sj>eaker of the House of Assembly, and was then Presi dent of the Council. In the Dutch war of that period but little attention was bestowed upon affairs of Europe by the toiling men of Carolina. The new factions of the English Parliament, known as Whig and Tory, were neither understood or cared for by men who were each year encroaching upon the Tuscarora hunting grounds, and crowding back the Red Men toward the setting sun. 8.

King Philip in New England, as chief of the Narra gansetts, waged war upon the Puritans, and by his great ability extended his leagues even to Virginia. The upper districts of the Old Dominion were depopulated. Colonel Bacon drove them back, but Governor Berkeley declared him a rebel for doing so without his concurrence; and, as has already been related, among others, put to death Wil liam Drummond, the late Governor of Albemarle. 9. Governor Cartwright met even more opposition to the enforcement of Locke's Grand Model than had been offered to Governor Stephens. The Lords Proprietors were determined upon its enforcement. Cartwright be came disgusted and resigned. Eastchurch and Miller, the first sermon heard in North Carolina? 7. Who was Governor Cartwright? S. How did Governor Drummond die? 9.

What led to two Carolinians, were in England when this happened. The former had been Speaker of the Assembly and had gone to remonstrate, as agent of the Province, against the policy of the Proprietors. He forgot his duty to the peo ple who sent him over, and was made Governor of Albe marle, with Miller as his Secretary. 10. They left England in 1677, with rigid orders for the enforcement of the Grand Model and the Navigation Act. On their way they stopped at the Island of Nevis, where Eastchurch became so charmed with a Creole lady that he sent Miller to assume the government of Albemarle, while he lingered at the feet of the woman. 11. Miller assumed the government in July 1677. The population subject to his control then numbered but two thousand tax-payers. They made eight hundred thou sand pounds of tobacco, besides corn, which was the main crop of the Province.

Miller, as collector of the customs, displaced Bird from that office, and soon amassed five thousand dollars and thirty-three hogsheads of tobacco, by levy inga penny a pound on every pound sent to other colonies. He attempted to exclude the New England vessels under his instructions, but George Durant was resolved to prevent this. A Yankee skipper named Gillam came with an armed vessel and supplies and produced a collision. John Culpepper and others seized Miller upon the latter's at tempting to arrest Gillam, and put the Governor into prison. All of the Lords Proprietors' deputies suffered in like manner, and fifteen thousand dollars, belonging to the King, was seized and appropriated. Cartwright's resignation ? What of Eastchurch and Miller? 10 Wh; did Eastchurch stop on his way home? 11.

When did Miller assume charge ? How many tax-payers then in Albemarle ? How was Miller GOVERNOR CARTWRIGHT'S ADMINISTRATION. 17 12. The amorous Eastchurch had won his bride but lost all else. Culpepper scouted his claim to be Governor, and the unhappy man went to Williamsburg, Va., but to die of vexation at the ceremonious slowness of the Virginia officials. Miller escaped to England where Culpepper followed to justify his conduct. He was indicted for crime, but escaped punishment, through the defence of Lord Shaftesbury, who was almost as great a lawyer as he was a denmgogue. deposed? 12. What did Culpepper find upon his going to England? Who procured his acquittal there ?

Chapter III

A. D. 1680 TO 1712. John Harvey becomes Governor— Governors Jenkins and Wilkinson— Seth Sotbel and the Revolution of 1688— Governor Ludwell —Major Lillington, President of the Council— Henderson Walker and Governor Daniel— Lord Carteretandthe Established Church- John Ashe and Edmund Porter— Colonel Carey— William Glover Edward Moseley— Philip de Richebourg— Governor Hyde and the Tuscarora War— Colonels Barn well and Moore— End of the War. J|t was not until 1680 that the Lords Proprietors really evinced interest in the usurpation of John Culpepper. In that year John Harvey was commissioned as Governor. He was the first in Albemarle of a name to become famous in subsequent times. He was soon followed in office by John Jenkins, who died in 1681, but had already been replaced by Henry Wilkinson. 2.

There was wretched misrule still in the province, and many of the best citizens went to Virginia to escape the resentment of those who were opposing the schemes of the Lords Proprietors. Seth Sothel had bought the interest of the late Earl of Clarendon, and was induced to start for Carolina with the hope that he could allay the disorders. He was captured at sea by an Algerine cor sair, and did not reach Albemarle until 1683. It had been better that he never came. He was tyrannical as Sir William Berkeley, and the worst ruler ever known in America. By oppression and dishonest practices he drove the people to such fury that they seized him, and 1. When did John Harvey become Governor of Albemarle? 2. What was the condition of affairs in 1683 ? Who was Seth Sothel, and LUDWELL AND OTHERS. would have sent him in chains to England, but upon his cowardly entreaties he was allowed to leave Albemarle, upon his abdication.

King Charles II. had been dead three years, and in England too was seen in this same year of 1688, the expulsion of King James II. Brave William of Orange and the Princess Mary of England became King and Queen of Great Britain. 3. In 1689, Philip Ludwell, of Virginia, was made Gov ernor of Albemarle. He remained for four years in charge, and was then sent as ruler to the southern settle ments. Major Alexander Lillington succeeded. He married a lady of the Adams family, in Massachusetts, and was the ancestor of the Lillingtons, Ashes, Moores, Mose leys and Swanns, so highly distinguished in subsequent annals of North Carolina. During his rule the Grand Model was abrogated, and the discontents on that score ended. This occurred in 1693. Two years later, Thomas Harvey became Governor of Albemarle.

John Archdale, a wise and godly Quaker, was made the ruler of all the settlements in both Carolinas. He was one of the Propri etors, and rivals William Penn in the purity and benefi cence of his life. 4. Another Deputy Governor was not appointed until 1704. In that time Henderson Walker had been ruler, by virtue of his place as President of the Council. Upon his death, Colonel Robert Daniel, who had gone with Colonel James Moore, of South Carolina, in the late expe dition against the Spaniards in Florida, became ruler of what is said of his habits as a ruler? 3. When did Philip Ludwell be come Governor, and when was he succeeded by Major Lillington? What were Governor Archdale's characteristics? 4. Who was Gov- Albemarle. He was ordered by Lord Carteret, who was then Palatine, to create a State Church in Albemarle, The Episcopalians were but a small fraction of the people, and this act was directly opposed to the promises made the settlers, both by the King and Proprietors.

Governor Daniel procured the passage of an act by the Provincial Assembly which made the Church of England supreme in Albemarle, The people were to be taxed for purchase of glebes, erection of churches and the support of rectors in the various parishes. The Quakers were greatly offended. John Ashe, of South Carolina, who has had many distinguished descendents in North Carolina, was sent by the Presbyterians of Colleton District to remon-. strate in England. Edmund Porter, of Albemarle, was also sent on the same mission by the Quakers. Ashe died in London, but their end was gained, and the House of Lords resolved that the recent colonial act " was founded in falsity in matter of fact, repugnant to the laws of England and contrary to the charter of the Lords Pro-. prietors." Queen Anne declared the law null and void.

She had succeeded King William HI,, in 1703. 5. Colonel Thomas Carey became Deputy Governor of Albemarle in 1705. He had been prominent in opposition to Governor Daniel's policy, and was appointed at the request of John Archdale and other Quakers. He proved false to his professions, and continued the troubles hy insisting upon test oaths, which excluded from office all but members of the Episcopal Church, There had been in Albemarle, until Governor Daniel's time, perfect ernor Daniel, and what odious policy did he inaugurate ? 5. How did Colonel Carey treat the Quakers after procuring rule by tbeir eft'ovts? culpepper's rebellion. 21 religious liberty. In Massachusetts and Virginia con fiscation and the whipping-post had been too often the punishment of men and women who dared to disagree with the State regulations as to faith. 6.

If John Culpepper was seditious, Thomas Carey added to such a disposition the faults of obstinacy and revenge. John Porter, of Pasquotank, was sent to Eng land to annul the new oppression of the test oaths. The Quakers were numerous and many of them loved office. They therefore procured the orders for the removal of Carey ; but he disobeyed the commands of William Glover, who was elected as his successor, and Albemarle presented the spectacle of two rival factions, each claim ing to be the lawful government, Glover adhered to Carey's late rule as to test oaths, and the Quakers were in duced by Carey to forgive his recent sins against them and take sides with him. 7. The ablest man then in North Carolina was Edward Moseley. He was the leading lawyer and Speaker of the Assembly. He hated Thomas Pollock, who had great in fluence in the Province, and mainly on that ground em-, braced the cause of Thomas Carey.

The trouble was carried to the Assembly for adjustment, but failed to be ac commodated. 8. In this distracted state of affairs the Province con^ tinued to grow in wealth and numbers. Some Hugonots, with Philip de Richebourg, settled upon Trent River. A Swiss Baron, Christopher de Graffenreid, also established a colony at the present site of New Bern. There had been 6. How was Glover tieated? 7. Who was Edward Moseley and Thomas Pollock ? 8. When did the Hugonots and Swiss come to North Carolina, incorporated in 1805 the town of Bath, but it has never been, at any time of its history, more than a mere hamlet. Colonel Pollock, and others, lived at the place then called Queen Anne's Creek, and, ere long, to be known as Eden ton, but there was really, in 1707, no town in North Car olina. 9. In 1710, Edward Hyde came as Governor.