Hindu Infanticide. An account of the measures adopted for suppressing the practice of the systematic murder by their parents, of female infants; with incidental remarks on the customs peculiar to the natives of India. Edited, with notes and illustrations, by E. M

Front matter

HINDU INFANTICIDE. AN ACCOUNT OF THE MEASURES ADOPTED FOR SUPPRESSING THE PRACTICE OF THE SYSTEMATIC MURDER BY THEIR PARENTS OF FEMALE INFANTS; WITH INCIDENTAL REMARKS ON OTHER CUSTOMS PECULIAR TO THE NATIVES OF INDIA. EDITED, WITH NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS, BY EDWARD MOOR, F.R.S. AUTHOR OF THE HINDU PANTHEON. LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. JOHNSON AND CO. st. paul's church yard. 1811. P/in ed by T. Bensfc , Bolt Cuuit, Fleet Street. Lamten. TO LIEUT.- COL. ALEXANDER WALKER, hate Political Resident in Guzerat. 1 he course of Dedication for this Volume, deemed by you more obvious than this which I have adopted, being already doubly occupied, there can remain no difficulty in determining to whom its inscription ought to be secondarily directed. 1 Were you a Ijstranger to me}, the important part which you have borne hr^effecting the abolition of the sad practice of Infanticide, now, happily, as far as refers to the extensive limit of the British Influence in India, to be spoken of as one that was of lamentable prevalence, would have prompted me to this prefixture of your name; but when a sense of propriety is strongly seconded by that feeling of Friendship that hath for so many years subsisted between us, it becomes a pleasing duty; and you will receive this Address as a tribute willingly offered to the remembrance and to the continuance of long-lived and uninter rupted Respect and Esteem.

When I, farther, call to mind the confidential Regard, originating perhaps in official intercourse, but strengthened by a congeniality of disposition in the promotion of public and private good, that so cordially subsists between our common and highly-respected friend Mr. Duncan and you, I am additionally impelled to this measure, thinking that it will not be unpleasing to either: while associating my own name so honourably, and in such a Cause, must be an object to me of laudable ambition. Wishing that all desired good may await your arrival, and prosper your abode, in your native country, after an absence of thirty years spent most zealously and usefully in its foreign service in India, I heartily, My Dear Walker, bid you Farewell. EDWARD MOOR. Beatings, Suffolk, March 1, 1811.

Preface

. Although it may not be very interesting to the Public, it will not, I hope, be entirely otherwise, and will be satis factory to me, if I be allowed the liberty of stating the sources whence I have derived the materials for ihis little Volume. In the Dedication of my Hindu Pantheon, as well as in the body of that work, I have adverted to the general subject of the present; and noticed a manuscript on Indian Infanticide being in the best hands, hoping it would be submitted to the Public. I had not at that time any idea that it would be so sub mitted in its present form. The manuscript was in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks, to Avhom it had been transmitted by the Honourable Mr. Duncan, Governor of Bombay, and I was authorized to avail myself of it as I pleased in my Hindu Pantheon, then, as was known in India, in the press: but I was too far advanced to admit convenienlly of my benefiting by this kind attention ; and I thought, more over, that the subject so handled, demanded a more respectful introduction to the Literary Public, than in an episode, as it were, in a larger work.

Nor when Sir Joseph Banks put the manuscript into my hands, had I any expectation of the subject assuming its present shape. I, however, copied and arranged it for the press; and soon after I had so done Colonel Walker arrived in England; and on being made VI acquainted with my intention, he furnished me with the original papers, among others, whence a considerable portion of Mr. Duncan's manuscript, in the form of a summary, or abridged memoir, had been drawn up. Deeming the subject sufficiently curious and interesting to warrant its separate publication, and not being straitened for room or time, as was the case in respect to the Jlindit Pantheon, I resolved on submitting to the Public the entire papers, part of which only were condensed in Mr. Duncan's admirable summary. Several letters and reports, posterior in point of time to the termination of that summary, were among the materials with which Colonel Walker furnished me.

None of these had been written with any view to publication. My enlarged project was now communicated lo Sir Joseph Banks. It is bespeaking the good opinion of the Public to say that he warmly approved it; and but repealing what is known to all, that he was, as ever, prompt in for warding by his assistance and advice, this, like every other, effort, having in view a public good: and such, it is hoped, may, through however humble an instrumentality as the Editor of this Volume, be hereby promoted. Thus assisted and encouraged, I recast my materials ; dividing them into the convenient arrangement of Chapters ; and retaining for the two first the commencement of Mr. Duncan's Memoir; which, as far as those Chapters extend, comprises a portion of time anterior to Colonel Walker's co-operation in the holy cause of extirpating Infanticide from among the Hindus; and refers to a part of India distant from the scene of those operations.

To a time and country, indeed, wherein no European but Mr. Duncan knew of the existence of the crime, and when consequently no one but himself laboured to eradicate it. An outline of this interesting discovery, and of the ex ertions successfully made to effectuate the abolition of the sad habit so developed, was briefly published in the Asiatic Researches: but, to render this Tract fully comprehensive of its subject, I have, from Mr. Duncan's memoir, detailed the rise, progress, and happy result of that discovery ; as, with other points connected with this and the preceding paragraph, will more clearly appear from my occasional notices in the course of the work. Finding that several of my papers, from having been copied in India by native writers, were inaccurate ; and imagining that others on the same subject, not in my pos session, might probably exist among the records at the India house, I, with the desire of making my Tract as worthy of the Public eye as was in my power, applied to Mr. Astell, the most worthy and enlightened Chairman of the respectable Court who so ably Direct the Affairs of our Indian Empire, for permission to correct from their records my defective materials, and eventually to extract others of which I was not possessed.

On unfolding my scheme of publication to Mr. Astell he was pleased to approve it; and to aid it by obligingly acceding to my wishes. For this ready and polite conde scension, I thus return my grateful thanks. In the commencement of Chapter VI. I have noticed my acquisition of materials from this source. It will, in a confined decree, be there seen, and may be thence extensively inferred, that this most respectable body, amid the multiplicity of via important objects unremittingly pressing oh their attention, do still yield the promptest cognizance to the calls of humanity ; and that any point involving the happiness or welfare of any, of the many millions, of their deserving subjects in Hindustan, is viewed by them with interest and sympathy. The opportunity is grateful to me, and it has several times occurred, of making respectful mention of the liberality of the Honourable Court to me on literary occasions.

It would look like osten tation to recapitulate them; and I therefore generally return my best thanks. It is, I feel, necessary to notice, and apologize for the frequent references that I have, in the course of this work, found it expedient to make to the Hindu Pantheon. I am, indeed, almost ashamed at their frequency, although it has, in some degree, been unavoidable ; for, as therein observed, Mythology is, with the Hindus, allpervading. Their history, science, literature, arts, customs, conversation, and every thing, are replete with Mythological allusions. Now, as the greater part of my notes and interpolations scattered through the following pages are of that description; aud as I have endeavoured in my former work to say something, however brief and superficial, on the attributes and character, and the legends most popularly connected with the history, of every deity comprehended within the vast range of the Pantheistic Idolatry of India, I found in my said work some notice explanatory on most points that seemed to require it, of this.

And having no library, and writing where I have access to but few books, I, of course, found my own poor work easiest, and, in this case, generally sufficient, to refer to. On a practice so universally abhorrent to every humane breast as Infanticide, a uniformity of sentiment must prevail. Every one who thinks, speaks, or writes on it, must experience the same train of emotions, and express himself in nearly the same terms. This will sufficiently account for, and excuse, any sameness of phraseology, or repetition, observable in this volume; wherein different persons write, and the same person at distant periods, on the same subject. It Avill also relieve me from the necessity of any reflections, or expression of my own feelings. I could but have repeated what is already said by my worthy friends ; and in saying what I have deemed necessary, I have sometimes with difficulty refrained from such reflections.

It is not from deficiency of sympathy that I have so coolly edited this work on a practice, the contemplation of which must move a Stoic. I have checked mental ebullition, and erased its result when it hath heedlessly escaped me. Nor, I am confident, will my Countrymen require any stimuli to direct their feelings to a due appreciation of the enormity of the crime of Infanticide, and of the merits of those good men, to whose benevolent zeal, Humanity is indebted for one of her greatest victories. And I persuade myself that my generous Countrymen, who have 60 nobly and successfully exerted themselves in the abolition of the detestable traffick in their brethren of Africa, will not contemplate without interest the honourable efforts of the individuals of our own nation, who have without eclat, and without any expectation of publicity, or recompence, save the consciousness of approving Heaven, laboured, and to the extent of the British influence with equal success, in the same vineyard ; and have, under the aid and blessing of Providence, rescued from annual destruction, thousands of our sisters in b Asia: — and that they will be prompt to bestow on them, albeit unlooked for, that cordial, though silent, tribute of approbation, so grateful to minds that thus impelled can thus labour; and though silent yet if cordial, the most desirable and only return that can be here commensurate to the im portance of the service rendered to Humanity, thus triumphant over one of the most agonizing infringements of her laws that she was ever doomed to suffer.

The portion of this Volume that hath fallen to my lot to execute, is small. This " Account of the Measures adopted for the Discovery and Suppression of Infanticide among the Hindus," as well as the good work itself, is by the joint hands of Mr. Duncan and Colonel Walker. The arrangements and editorial parts only are mine. The notes that I have interspersed through the work, sufficiently distinguished from the other matter, the Courteous Reader will receive in the good will with which they are offered. To some Readers they may not prove altogether useless ; and may to others, I hope, be amusing: so that even those who are too wise to be instructed by my humble efforts, may, I trust, considering my motives, still condescend to be pleased. Confidently, but with becoming deference, I now leave the best of causes — Humanity — in the best of hands— those of the Biutish Public EDWARD MOOR. 1st March, J8U. Memorandum — touching the M ap prefixed to this Work.

In page 212 I have noticed my intention of giving with this Tract, a Map of Kattywar, if it could be engraved in time, so as not to delay publication, which it is very desirable to avoid, in as far as sending the work to India by the ships of the present season is much wished ; and the season is far advanced. The Engraver has, however, hastened his work so as to finish all that I put into his hands. But had time permitted, I should have made the map more full. As it is, I have a few words to say thereon. Every point in Kattywar, or the portion of Guzerat so named, formed by the gulfs of Cambay and Kutch, is laid down from surveys made by Lieutenant Hardy of the Bombay Artillery. He accompanied Colonel Walker's detachment on different services, for that purpose ; and being the only survey that I know of ever made of that province, it will be looked on I hope as a valuable addition to our published stock of Oriental Geography.

Mr. Hardy is a very accurate surveyor, and a very respectable and promising officer. The points not included within the limits above specified are taken from maps already before the public, and are filled in to give a clearer locality to Guzerat, in the glance of those not conversant in Eastern Geography. Saint John's Point, the southernmost position, is about a degree, nearly due north from Bombay. The only alteration that I have made in Mr. Hardy's work, save reducing it from a scale of eighteen inches to a degree, is in the orthography ; in which I have taken some liberties, pursuant to the system that I have followed for Oriental words. For this I have to ask the excuse of Mr. Hardy and all parties concerned. I regret that I had not the map to refer to occasionally in the course of the work, where mention is made of towns, &c. whose situation might, by such references, have been made clearer to the Reader: but in my uncertainly as to being able, or otherwise, to give the map at all, this was evidently unattainable.

It remains for me to say something on such features of my map as are evidently irrelevant to geographical subjects. The Head, is of that respectable friend of Colonel Walker's mentioned in page 197 ; there called Gangadher Pat werdhen Sastri. On the map he appears more classically designated in characters appropriate to a learned Pandit, Sri Ganga-dhara Sastri, which if literally interpreted might be to many Readers unintelligible ; nor much more so perhaps lo those wholly unread in Hindu mythology, when rendered " The Revered Ganges-bearer, learned in the Sastra.,> This learned person is reverently honoured with the prefixture Sri, of which see page 152. He being a Saiva is distinguished by one of the thousand names of Siva — " From whose red clustering locks famed Ganga springs." xm And here we may, as ever, note in passing, a geographical fact veiled in a mythological fable.

The Ganges is now known to spring from the head of a hill named after this person of the Hindu tritheistical divinity, who appears Ganges-bearing, Ganga-dhara, in many plates of the Hindu Pantheon. The black letter impression is of the Sikka, or state seal of the Raja Ananda Rao Gaikawar, sovereign of Guzerat, of whom the Reader will find lengthened notice in the following pages. It is thus read: — Sri Raja Sahu Chat er pati ak)la prant pretap Pcrandera, Ananda Plao Gaikawar, Sena Khas-kheyl Shamshir Behader. And may be thus ren dered : — " Subservient to the canopied Lord Raja Sahu, the staunch, magnanimous, brave Prince, like unto Indra, is Ananda Rao Gaikawar — a warrior of prowess in the use of arms." Sahu is the usual distinction of the nominal sovereign of the Mahrattas, kept, as noticed hereafter, a state pageant by the hereditary usurpers of his countries.

Purandera is a name of Indra, of whom so much occurs in the Hindu Pantheon. It means the Destroyer of Towns; which among his many names, is that likely to be remembered in the neighbourhood of Guzerat, from the mythological fable of his having overwhelmed Ujayana, or Ogein, the capital of Sindea's hereditary possessions, many feet deep by a shower of sand. The historical fact is, that Ogein, so submerged, now lies the interesting Herculaneum and Pompeia of India. Both fable and fact are detailed in the Hindu Pantheon. The other names and titles of this seal are sufficiently discussed in. future pages. The Gaikawar uses another seal which is of secondary or inferior importance, as implied by its name, Mutali, a corrupt Persian word. The impression runs thus: — Sri Malsara kant charanl tatper Govind Rao sut Ananda Rao Gaikawar, Sena Khas-kheyl Shamshir Be hader mranter.

And is thus translated : — " Subservient lo the holy mandates of the Lord of the Goddess Malsara, is the son of Govind Rao, Anand Rao Gaikawar, a warrior of eternal prowess." This is the seal usually given to the minister, or the principal officers of the state, such as Subahs of provinces, at a distance from the residence of the sovereign. It is not engraved, and I shall stop only to observe that the goddess Malsara named therein is an avatara, or incarnation, of Parvati, become flesh to accompany her lord Siva in his manifestation in the person of Kandeh Rao, or Kanduba, as fully detailed in the Hindu Pantheon. This is the tutelary deity of the Gaikawar family; an anomaly in reference to their sectarial patronymic (Ananda, Govinda, Gaikawar, &c.) derived from a Vaishnava source, that this is no place to discuss.

A third royal seal is also in use in Guzerat, much smaller than the preceding two, the impression of which is in Sanskrit characters equivalent, though corruptly written, to the Persian words Muratab shud, which signify finished — performed— the end— finis, &c. They call this the Martabsiid seal, and it is usually affixed to the conclusion of public letters and deeds. One of these seals is often entrusted to inferior local officers for the purpose of authenticating their reports, and giving authority to their acts. A sac simile of this seal is engraved on the map. The other seal is a very curious subject — it is in Persian characters, of the Raja of Kutch, and is to be read thus : — ijj\-t etitiLi Jlc cLi, (TAf-Xi Uj&Oa\j A^Jj jjj-ye j[j L.-e 1199 Aa*w ujJuj&j U/*f^ C9-^°'r! Maha Rao Mirza Raja Raid'han fedwl Shah Aalam Padshah ghazl — patiii herman sherlfin — sanneh 1199- And may be thus translated : — " The noble Rao Mirza Raja Raid'han, the devoted of the victorious King Shah Aalam — the pilot (or guide) to both the most holy temples.

Year (of the HejraJ 1199- The word patni is said to mean in the language of Sind, one who helps lo embark, or to steer or direct a vessel, and has been given to the Raja of Kutch, in consequence of the assistance he affords to pilgrims proceeding from Hindustdn to Mekka. " Both the most holy temples," mean those of Jeru salem and Mekka. This Buj chief, as he is sometimes called, is of the sect who worship Devi in her " Lion-borne" form, as she is often seen in the plates of the Hindu Pantheon, in which work many of her various forms are fully discussed. The Raja therefore denotes his faith by crowning his seal with this symbol of the might of Devi, the consort of the Avenger Siva. The impressions of these seals, of which sac similes are engraved on the watery degrees of the map, and their trans lations, were given to me by Colonel Walker; and the following I sind among some memorandums referring to them.

" It may be remarked generally of these seals, and parti cularly of those of the Mahratta Rajas, the strange intermixture of Persian and Arabic terms with those of Sanskrit and Hindu origin. The Hindu writings and deeds are commonly as remarkable for simplicity of language and expression, as the compositions and inscriptions of the Mahomedans are of a contrary character. But they naturally began to admire and soon to imitate the pompous and inflated language of those who had conquered their country, and imposed on them another government. " The Mahrattas were more easily led to adopt this practice, as they were merely soldiers of fortune, and generally very ignorant and illiterate, just rising into power and consequence, when the Moghul empire was in its greatest splendour, and when its maxims, and all connected with its government, were objects of admiration and consequently of imitation."

Notice on the Orthography of Oriental Names and Words that occur in this Volume. d is intended to be pronounced as in fall, or fast. a as in America. i ea in sea, or ee in see. u oo in fool, or u in full. This will generally suffice — the letters are not always accented ; as it was thought sufficient to do it a few times in each word. The Reader will therefore see the same word printed Raja-putra, for instance, and Raja-putra; Siva and Siva. Where practicable I have always used the K, initial and medial, in preference to C. — Kali, in preference to CalI' — Krishna to Crishna — Saka to Saca, &c. The attentive Reader may, perhaps, observe that the same word is not always spelled uniformly. This has arisen partly from inattention, and partly from design. Whether written Mahommed, Mahammed, or Mohomed, Raja, or Rajah, for instance, is of little moment.

The pronunciation will be nearly the same : and near enough, even in words less known, to answer every useful purpose. Proper names of persons are printed in small capitals — names of places, and words in foreign languages, generally in Italics. This is, I think, a useful practice in works wherein such names and words occur frequently. c CONTENTS. Prefatory Subjects, to page xxviii.

Chapter I

Summary, by the Honourable Governor Duncan, of the measures adopted by him in Benares, for the suppression of Female Infanticide, practised in that ?ieighbourhood by the tribe of Raj-kumar, and others. Origin, numbers, situation, revenue, See. of the Ruj-kitmars; meaning of their name, page 1 ; their manners, 8cc. 2. Raja-putras, various tribes of, 2. Hindil and Greek names, origin of, 3. Infanticide practised by the Raj-kumars, 3, 4. Hindu names, etymology of, 4. Renunciation of Infanticide by the Raj-kumars, 6, 7. Puranas, and Sastra, mention of, 7, 8. Hindu mythology, Hells, &c. 7, 8. Lord Teignmouth's account of Infanticide in Benares, 9, 10, 11. The Raj-kumars formerly schismatic Christians, 12. Raja Pit'haura, their ancestor, 12 ; his dynasty, family, &c. anecdotes of, 12 to 15; of Chandra, his celebrated bard, 14, 15.

CHAPTER H. Continuation of Mr. Duncan's Summary of the measures pursued by him at Bombay and in Guzerat, for the Discovery and Suppression of Infanticide, among the Rajput tribes in that part of India, page 16. Notice by Greek and Roman writers of Infanticide in Guzerat, leads to inquiries as to its present existence, page 16. Baroach, origin of its name, 16. Inquiries into the suspected existence of Infanticide, 16, 17 ; modes of perpe trating it, 17. Kutch, mythological name, 8cc. notice of, 17; Infanticide XX practised there, 18, 19. '20; farther inquiries on the practice; modes of, &c. 19, 20; found to exist more and more extensively; practised by Mahomedans, but forbidden in the Koran; customs of Raj-puts; Hindu superstition, 20, 21. Families, &c. of the Rajas of Kutch; excuses for Infanticide; early marriage, &c. of Hindus; Nan a Fur n avis with difficulty finds a maiden young enough to be a bride, 22, 23.

Women encourage the destruction of their children, 23, 25; the Jarejahs and other tribes in Kutch, 24, 25; mothers even, 25; demonstrations of the fact, 25,26; exceptions reproachable, 26,28; farther inquiries into the existence and extent of the crime ; modes of, &c. 27, 28, 29; legendary origin of, 29; encouraged by Brahmans, 29, 30. Exceptions to the universality of Infanticide among the Jarejahs, 30, 31, 32; Brahmanical potency, 31 ; Instructions by the Bombay Government to Colonel Walker to counteract the practice, 32, 33; his reply, developing its extent; distant prospect of suppressing it, 8cc; geographical orthography of India defective; political dependence of Guzerat; suppression of Infanticide there, commixed with political and military arrangements ; correspondence with the supreme Government thereon, 34 to 37- Farther communication from Colonel Walker; difficulties encountered ; but some encouragement to hope for eventual success, S8, 39, 40. Commendations by the Bombay and Supreme Governments of Colonel Walker's exertions; conclusion of Mr. Duncan's summary, 41.

Chapter III

Report from hieutenant-Colonel Alexander Walker, dated Baroda, loth March 1808, of the measures pursued by him for the Suppression of Infakticide in Kattywar, or Guzerat, page 42. Retrospection to earlier exertions in the good cause, 42, 43. Probable and legendary origin of Infanticide among the Jarejahs, 43, 44, 45, &c; the Raj-gur, or domestic preceptors, encourage it, 44, 45. The power, numbers, &c. of the Jarejahs more extensive formerly than at present, 47 ; their pride supposed to have originated Infanticide among them, 48 ; a brave, and generally humane tribe, 48; their character, habits, and other points connected with the main subject, farther considered, 49, 50, 51 ; no earlier attempt made to check their unnatural propensity, 52 ; strange indifference thereon, 52 ; various modes of perpetrating the act, 53 to 56; sometimes even by mothers! 55, 57; who, in other respects, are gentle and amiable, 56.

Death of a daughter among the Jarejahs, the immediate and universal consequence of its birth, 57; never delayed, 57, 58; exceptions in Kutch, 58,59; the usage supposed not very ancient, 59 ; preservation of a daughter, when it doth occur, not, apparently, from affection, 59. Sravaka, tribe of, noticed, 59, 60 ; and Jaina and Yati, 60. Estimate of the number of Infanticides annually in Kattywar, 60 to 63. Dwarka, city of, 62. Of Kutch, Krishna, the Gaikawar family, &c. 62. Instances and anecdotes of Jarejahs who have preserved their daughters, 63 to 68. Of the sect Kabir Panta, 64 to 66. Anecdotes of a respectable robber who preserved his daughters, 67, 68. Farther particulars of the Jarejahs, 69 to 75, 79- Concubines burn themselves with deceased Jarejahs, not widows, 71, 72. The tribe of Jaitwa also practise Infanticide, 72, 73 ; a practice strongly forbidden by the Hindu scripture, 73.

Religion, superstition, Sec. of the Jarejahs, and other sects of Hindus, 74 to 80. The Jarejahs eat meat and drink spirits, 76 ; their funeral ceremonies, 76. Of the Charanas and Bhats, or bards, 77, 78. Infanticide found more and more extended among many tribes, and among Mahomedans, 80, 81; uniform origin of, 82, 83. Fable of the Amazons probably of Hindu origin, 82. Infanticide among the nations of Europe, 83 ; in China, and many other countries, 84, 85 ; farther efforts toward its suppression in Guzerat, 86 to 91 ; the practice encouraged by Mahomedans and Brahmans, 89; and even by women and mothers, 89, 90; appearances of success, 92, 93;, formally renounced by all the Jarejah chiefs, 94, 95 ; endeavours to effect alike reform in Kutch, 97; but without success, 98. Reflections on the pro bable permanency of the engagements entered into by the Jarejahs, 98, 99, 100.

Conclusion of the Report, 102. Postscript, to the foregoing Report, page 103. Infanticide and human sacrifices found to have existed extensively among many nations of antiquity, 103,104; among the Britons, Greeks, Scythians, Jarejahs, and Hindus generally, 104; among Brahmans, especially of the Karara tribe, 105; who also offer human sacrifices to their gods, 105. Farther notice of Infanticide among the Jarejahs; origin, &c. 106, 107.

Chapter IV

Extracts, translated from the Correspondence between Colonel Walker, Sunderji Sivaji, Jarejah Jehaji, Fatteh Mahomed, and others, on the subject of Infanticide, referred to in the foregoing Report, page 103. No. l. Colonel Walker enjoins Sunderji Sivaji to urge Raja Jehaji to relinquish Infanticide, 108. Note. Compliments in Indian correspondence prefixed, 108. No. 2. Sunderji's reply; Jehaji gives a conditional assent, 109- Notes.. On the title of Thakur; and the adoption of Mahomedan revenue terms by Hindu governments, 109. No. 3. Unconditional relinquishment by Jehaji, urged and insisted on, 109. No. 4. Jehaji and his mother and brethren, renew their conditional assent, 110. Note. On the title of Saheb, 111. No. 5. Jehaji repeats his conditional and interested assent, 111. No. 6. Sunderji despairs of success, 112.

Nos. 8, 9, 10. Farther remonstrances and reasonings with Raja Jehaji and his mother, 113, 114. Notes. On revenue, &c. terms, 114. Nos. 11, 12. Farther demur, and repeated injunctions on the subject, 115, 116. No. 13. Raja Jehaji and his mother will not consent to discontinue Infanticide, 116, 117- Note. On the name or title Koer, 117. Nos. 14, 15. Farther instructions to Sunderji, not to relax in hi* efforts, 118. No. 16. Sunderji's detail, and despair of success unless compulsion be resorted to, 118, 119. Not-e. On Peon, and Dewan, lig. No. 17. Jehaji's final conditional assent to discontinue Infanticide; unconditional refused, 120. Note. On the epithet Walla, 120. Nos. 18, 19. Reasoning with the Rulers of Kutch, endeavouring to obtain their co-operation, 120, 122. No. 20. The practice of Infanticide defended by the Rulers of Kutch; its antiquity asserted; interference in view to its abolition deprecated as pregnant with political danger, and its repetition forbidden, 123, 124.

Notes. On several parts of the foregoing curious letter ; and on the ancient and present xxm arrogance of the Rajas of Kutch, whose country was formerly overrun by the Greeks, 124. Remarks — on the foregoing insolent letter, and on Indian correspondence, 125 to 128. Letter from the King of England to the Peshwa,. 129; how escorted, delivered, received, &c. 130, 131. Illuminated letter from James I. to the King of Persia, 132. Influence of Mahomedan example on the Hindus, 132. Anecdotes of Indian courts, camps, &c. 133, 134. Gold stick, an office in India as well as in England, 133. Of the Mahratta durbar, &c. 134. Of the Peshwa's father Rag-huva ; his family jewels, &c. 135. Splendid present from the English Government to the Peshwa, 136 ; curious anecdote respecting it, 137. White ants, destructive, 137, 138.