The Gallery of Geography, a pictorial and descriptive tour of the world

Front matter

HHsIlf IF M1M1IP1I , A PICTORIAL & DESCRIPTIVE TiU 03 (DFTME M § OR I ID , B Y AUTHOR OF'THE GALLERY OF NATURE'S. LfiD W i I H", WILLIAM MACKENZIE, 69 LUD GATE HILL, E.C. EDINBURGH & DUBLIN. THE GALLERY OF GEOGRAPHY, A Jlieiwkl mi £fts.mjtittt %m ®f i\t tysrt). BY Rev. THOMAS MILNEK, M.A. AUTHOR OF THli " GALIÆRX OF NATURE," F.TC. LONDON: WILLIAM MACKENZIE, 69 LUDGATE HILL, EDINBURGH AND DUBLIN. LIST OF MAPS. PAGR NORTH POLAR REGIONS, 80 EUROPE 311 ENGLAND AND WALES 356 SCOTLAND 423 IRELAND, .455 FRANCE 497 BELGIUM, 537 HOLLAND 547 EMPIRE OF GERMANY (Northern Portion), 559 EMPIRE OF GERMANY (Southern Portion), 559 AUSTRIA, .601 SWITZERLAND, 623 SPAIN AND PORTUGAL, 639 ITALY (Northern Part), 666 ITALY (Southern Part), 666 TURKEY, EUROPEAN, 696 GREECE, WITH THE IONIAN ISLES, 724 DENMARK, SLESWIG, AND HOLSTEIN, 737 SWEDEN AND NORWAY, 749 RUSSIA IN EUROPE AND POLAND 765 ASIA, 799 TURKEY IN ASIA 833 AFGHANISTAN AND BELOOCHISTAN, 895 INDIA (Northern Part), 901 INDIA.

(Southern Part), 901 CHINA PROPER 949 AFRICA, 972 CENTRAL AFRICA 1008 SOUTHERN AFRICA, 1016 NORTH AMERICA, 1025 DOMINION OF CANADA 1043 UNITED STATES (Eastern Division), 1057 UNITED STATES (Western Division), 1057 SOUTH AMERICA, 1038 AUSTRALIA, 1137 NEW ZEALAND LIST OF PLATES PAQB TITLE PAGE (Vignette), 1 LIVERPOOL, 309 RICHMOND, 373 RIVER TRENT, 377 STRATFORD ON AVON, 391 HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, 395 WINDSOR CASTLE, 400 EDINBURGH, 434 STIRLING CASTLE . 440 BALMORAL CASTLE 446 PARIS, 508 HEIDELBERG 576 STRASBURG, 577 COLOGNE, 591 BASLE . 033 RHINE FALLS, SCHAFFHAUSEN, 636 CONSTANTINOPLE, 705 BELGRADE, 720 ST. PETERSBURG, 774 ERZEROUM, 846 CABUL, From the Bala Hissar, §93 CALCUTTA, 910 NEW YORK 10G5 CITY OF MEXICO, 10S6 SIDNEY, n50 ■ CHA.TTEE I. MODES OF TRAVEL AND NAVIGATION OF TIIR ANCIBNT3. ]!E diffusion of the human race, with extended knowledge of the surface of the eartli as its consequence, was promoted in the earliest ages of the world hy a variety of causes.

Among the most influential may be noted, the necessity of providing means of subsistence for an increase of population, and the growing demand for luxuries grafted upon an acquaintance witli them ; the feuds resulting in open violence, which compel the vanquished to fly before the victor, or the dissensions which simply render it desirable for a weaker party to retire to a safe distance from the stronger; together with the desire for independence, the love of adventure, and the seeling of curiosity, an instinct of great power in almost every breast. Motives of this kind contributed in the infancy of society to induce migration on the part of its members, temporary or permanent, and thus added to the stock of information respecting the extent of the terrestrial superficies, and its features of mountain and valley, plain and sorest, river, lake, and sea.