The Great Battles of the British Army. ... With coloured illustrations. (New edition.)

Front matter

BATTLES OF THE BRITISH ARMY The March to Coomassie. p. BATTLES OF THE BRITISH ARMY BEING a continuous history of Its Services, its Defeats and its Victories from the Earliest Times BY CHARLES RATHBONE LOW (Late) Indian Naw, F.R.G.S. AUTHOR OF "HISTORY OF THE INDIAN NAVY," "GREAT BATTLES OF THE BRITISH NAVY," "GREAT AFRICAN TRAVELLERS" ILLUSTRATED BY R. CA TON WOODV/LLE LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, Limited Broadway, Ludgate Hill GLASGOW, MANCHESTER, AND NEW YORK Uniform with this Volume. The Great Battles of the British Navy. By Charles Rathuone Low, (Late) Indian Navy, P.R.G.S. With Illustrations. T

Preface

. To ciironicle the brave deeds of the British army is truly an inspiring theme. The regular forces of England only came into existence in 1660, when General Monk restored Charles II. to the throne. During that and the following years, some regiments were raised for service at home and at Tangier, and the Foot Guards were formed to do duty about the King's person. These levies formed the nucleus of that famous army whose standards have been borne throughout the world, and everywhere almost invariably to victory. Whether we regard the varied nature of its services or the splendour of its victories, no army of the ancient or modern world presents so distinguished a record. This is a bold assertion, but that it is amply justified by facts a cursory review and comparison will show. With the British Isles, whether as a colonizing or military power, with which aspect we are alone now concerned, only one nation of antiquity can be compared, and that is Rome.

The Roman legionary carried the eagles of his country to the shores of Britain on the one hand, and the confines of the Persian Empire on the other, and from the Nile and Ethiopia on the south to the frozen banks of the Baltic on the north. Great conquerors had penetrated to more distant climes, as Alexander to the banks of the Indus, and in modern times, Genghis Khan extended his gigantic empire over Northern China, while Napoleon established his rule over half Europe, and sought to extend it over Egypt and Syria and to oust us from India. But none of these states either lasted as long or extended its limits so far as the British Empire — that marvellous creation of the genius and valour of the British soldier and sailor, and, let us add, colonist and trader, for so far as the acquisition of Australia is concerned, a hostile shot has never been fired on its shores.

The arms of the British soldier have been carried to almost every clime and country of the habitable globe. Excluding from our review the Crusades, our ancestors first showed their English mettle on the fields of Cressy, Poictiers and Agincourt, victories achieved in the face Preface. of the greatest difficulties and discouragements, and against enormous odds. Marlborough displayed generalship of the first order, and his troops the most signal courage and discipline, in those four sanguinary battles of Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde and Malplaquet ; and before England's greatest soldier appeared in the military arena, the victories of Dettingen, Minden, Quebec, Alexandria and Maida were honourable to the British soldier. The astonishing series of successes achieved by our army under the great Duke of Wellington are familiar, as Macaulay would say, "to every schoolboy."

But what, perhaps, forms the chief glory of the British army is the conquest of India — first the severe and protracted struggle we main tained with the French, and then the wars from the time of Clive to that of Roberts, in which we subdued the Bengalee, Madrassee, Sikh, Scindian, Rajpoot, Goorkha, Belooch, Mahratta, Burman and Afghan ; until now the flag of our country is paramount from Quetta and the confines of Cashmere to Bhamo and the borders of China and Siam. The empire of Akbar and Aurungzebe, of which poets and historians have written, never equalled in extent or riches the vast territory now ruled by an English Viceroy, under the protecting ægis of British bayonets. Without this symbol of order, which insures the Pax Britannicum, the countless races of that vast peninsula would fly at each others' throats, or by their weakness invite foreign domination, and bring back the days of those cruel invaders, Mahmoud of Ghuznee, Nadir Shah, Ahmed Shah and others, who carried fire and sword to the walls of Delhi.

The British soldier has displayed the Union Jack in Mauritius and Java, at Aden and Kas-ul-Khymah. He has borne it victoriously in China, Persia and New Zealand. Africa has been a fruitful field for the display of his valour, as witness the campaigns in Egypt and Ashantee, and the numerous Kaffir Wars, beginning with the acqui sition of Cape Colony and ending with the pacification of Zulu land. America, North and South, has witnessed British prowess, not always, it is true, crowned with success, as witness Buenos Ayres, Yorktown, and New Orleans ; but our arms were honourably upheld and were often triumphant, as at Quebec, Louisburg, and in some of the engagements of the fratricidal struggle forced on the country by the folly and obstinacy of George III. and his minister, Lord North. From this summary it will be allowed that the British army, both by the extent and magnitude of its campaigns and victories, has achieved a reputation that is perhaps unique in the world's history.

My object in writing this book has been to supply a much-needed want, to wit, a popular, but complete and detailed (so far as the limits would permit) narrative of the achievements of the British army. Since the establishment of the Volunteers as an adjunct to our system of Preface. 7 defence, the military history of our country has become a matter of widely-diffused interest. The regular army, which numbers on the peace establishment 210,000 men, is but a portion of the armed forces of the country. Irrespective of the Navy and Royal Marines, the land forces of the United Kingdom reach the vast numerical aggregate of 600,000 men. This is inclusive of the 72,000 men serving in India, but exclusive of the native troops of the Indian army, and the local forces of our Colonial Empire. Hence has arisen among all classes a great and increasing interest in the history of the British army, which, as set forth in this work, includes not only its victories but its defeats.

Some may consider this course unpatriotic, but a regard not only for truth, but for " the whole truth," has impelled me to adopt this method of treatment, and the balance is so enormously in favour of our successes, that the national pride will not be offended by setting one side of the account in the national ledger against the other. We have suffered defeat on the Continent at Almanza and Fontenoy, and in minor affairs duly set forth in these pages. Also at Buenos Ayres and in Egypt in 1S07, and we were worsted by our Colonists in America; but they were men of our own blood ; while, on the other hand, we con quered and drove out of America our French rivals. In the West Indies, again, we emerged triumphant out of a long series of wars waged with the Spaniard and Frenchman. In India the record of the British soldier is, perhaps, the most astonishing recorded in history.

" Divide et Impera " is the maxim which has inspired our policy in that peninsula, as with Rome and all peoples possessing the imperial instinct of governing alien races. Many times since we embarked in this struggle for supremacy has our rule only been saved from extinction by our adoption of this golden maxim. Our proconsuls knew how to manage the princes and people of India, and, perhaps, even to intrigue when necessity demanded it, in order to stave off a combination of powers, and thus we triumphed over all enemies. When Coote was struggling in the south, Clive was enabled, by his wise policy, to send him reinforcements from Calcutta, and, on the other hand, Plassey was gained by the " Heaven-born General," by the aid of soldiers from Madras. In our life-and-death struggle with Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sultan, we had the Nizam or the Mahrattas on our side, and the French aid came too late to save the extinction of the Mysore power.

Again, in the Mahratta Wars we dealt with Scindia, Nagpore, and Holkar separately, and settled them effectively in detail. It was the same during the struggle with the Sikhs and Nepaulese, and the sagacity that guided our counsels, in this respect at least — that of not overtaxing our military strength, and playing off one subject race against another — was strikingly exemplified during the Indian Mutiny, when Delhi was reconquered, through the loyal assistance and gallantry Preface. 8 of our Sikh and Goorkha soldiers. So it will be in the future, if wisdom guides our counsels. In China England has been uniformly successful in all her " little wars," and in South Africa, where our record is a more chequered one, we have acquired enormous tracts of territory, thanks to the valour of our army ; and if through gross incompetence we have suffered reverses at the hands of the Boers, our troops, when properly led, as in 1848, by Sir Harry Smith at Boemplatts, easily defeated them, though four fold their strength.

In Afghanistan, again, we suffered reverses in 1842 and 1880, only to be wiped out by striking victories ; and the same may be said of our "little war " in New Zealand in 1864. This work claims to be a consecutive and fairly complete record of the services of the British army. It has been my endeavour to give space proportionate to the relative importance of the campaigns and battles described. We are given to exaggerate the military and political events of our own times, but a due sense of proportion should be one of the guiding principles of an historical work. The great fact that stands out in this record is the stubborn valour of our soldiers and the devotion to duty of our officers. Such as the British officer* is now, * An Italian paper, the Adriatico of Venice, has an article on the British officer, from the pen of a general, Senator Clemente Corte, which will be recognized as an appropriate tribute to his virtues.

General Corte spoke from experience, having lived for some months with an officer who had served under Havelock, in his memo. rable advance on Lucknow. He says: — " The victory of the English at Suakin in 1SS8, affords a further demonstration — were it still needed — of their great superiority over other Europeans in colonial warfare, and of their marvellous aptitude in organizing and leading in action forces from among conquered peoples. Be their soldiers Hotten tots of Africa, Goorkhas of the Himalayas, Sikhs of the Punjaub, or negroes of the Soudan, English officers know how to bring them under control, to discipline and instruct them, and to lead them to victory. Whoever has for any length of time fre quented the society of English officers so as thoroughly to know them, must have observed that while they possess, in their full development, the noblest qualities of the soldier, they exhibit in a much less degree, than do those of other nations, those characteristics — certainly not always agreeable — which seem peculiarly to result from the habitudes of a military life.

Daring to temerity in the face of danger, the English officer is generally modest and reserved in ordinary intercourse ; he, no matterhow intimate he may be with you, will never trouble you by talking of himself, his cam paigns, his wounds, his honours. It is rarely that he quarrels with any one, but should he do so, and be in the wrong, he does not think it derogatory to ask pardon. Of that arrogant, almost defiant, bearing which the officers of certain continental armies too frequently assume towards their civilian fellow-citizens, there is no trace in the English officer. He may, perhaps, appear haughty on account of national pride of race or family, but he is never so on account of his military rank, which, however elevated it may be, never causes him to forget that, before and above it, he is an English gentleman.

With his dependants, even when of subjugated races, he is generally just, cold, dignified ; not familiar or expansive in his manner, but posi tively averse to any word or act which might seem in any way offensive to the decorum of others, and especially to his own self-respect. To terrorize by arbitrary acts, or to gain popularity by means of weak concessions, he deems equally con temptible and unworthy of him." Preface. 9 such were his prototypes, the noble knights who fought at Cressy, Poictiers and Agincourt. We read with a glow of admiration of the gallantry and devotion of Nicholson at Delhi, of Coghill and Melville at Isandlhwana, and of Henn and Slade at Maiwand. The age of chivalry is not dead while the British army produces officers such as these, and leaders like Outram, and Gordon, and Lord Napier, gentle in peace and fiery in war.

They are the true successors of the knightly heroes commemorated in the pages of Holinshed, of those doughty paladins of war (to mention only the first of the long line) Sir John Chandos and Sir Thomas Holland, who cut his way through the French forces at Cressy, to carry the appeal for succour from the Black Prince to his father, that most valiant of English kings. It was a favourite expression of the great Duke of Wellington that " Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton." It was the chivalrous spirit and high tone of the English gentleman, he would declare, that made the British regimental officer the best in the world. Though a love of adventure and a dislike to the irksome monotony of civil life in a highly-civilized community like ours, are among the chief incentives that drive the flower of our youth into the army, patriotism and a sense of duty animate them in the hardships of a campaign and the perils of the battle-field.

Many a war-worn veteran and ardent youth in the heyday of life, have, like Quentin Battye at Delhi, with their last breath murmured the noble words of the Latin poet : — " /Juice et decorum est pro patria mori." These " inheritors of unfulfilled renown," as Shelley calls such, have died by the sword, or perished miserably of fever in the swamps or jungles of four continents, but they have not rendered up their lives in vain. Their bright example has been like a torch to light the path of duty to those treading in their footsteps, and England's renown and dominion have been extended by their valour and devotion. C. R. Low. Kensington, April, 1890. CONTENTS. PAGE

Chapter I. The Early French Wars

(1066— T513.) Introduction — The Crusades under Richard I. and Edward I. — The Invasion of France by Edward III. — Capture of French Towns — The Fording of the Somme — The Battle of Cressy — The Siege and Surrender of Calais — Campaign of Edward the Black Prince — Battle of Poictiers — The Black Prince invades Spain — Battle of Navarette — Death of the Black Prince — Henry the Fifth's Campaign in France — Critical Condition of the English Army — Battle of Agincourt — Expulsion of the English from France 17

Chapter II. English Continental Expeditions

(1513 — 170;..) Expeditions of Henry VIII. to France — Battle of the Spurs — Expeditions to France and the Low Countries in Elizabeth's Reign — Sir Philip Sidney at Zutphen — Lord Essex's Expeditions to the Tagus, Cadiz, and the Azores — English Armies on the Continent under the Stuarts — The Duke of Buckingham's Attempt on Rochelle — Services of English Troops in the Campaigns in Holland under William III. — John Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough, takes the Field in the Low Countries , 45

Chapter III. The Duke Of Marlborough's Campaigns

(1702 — 1704.) Early Life and Services of the Duke of Marlborough — His Campaigns of 1702 and 1703 — Marlborough's Advance into Germany in t7C4 — Battle of Schellenberg — Marlborough is joined by Prince Eugene of Savoy — Battle of Blenheim — Results of the Victory 53

Chapter IV. The Duke Of Marlborough's Campaigns

(1705 —^09.) The Campaign of 1705 in the Low Countries — Forcing of the French Lines between Namur and Antwerp— The Campaign of 1706 — Battle of Ramillies — Submission of Brabant and Surrender of the chisf Cities of Flanders — The Campaign of 1708 — Battle of Oudenarde — Results of the Battle — Siege of Lisle and Action at Wynendale — The Campaign of 1709 — Siege of Tournay— Battle of Malplaquet — End of the War . Contents. 12 PAGB 141

Chapter V. Campaigns Of The Eighteenth Century

(170+ — I7S3.) The War of Succession in Spain— The Career of the Earl of Peterborough- Capture of Barcelona— Battle of Almanza — British Reverses in Spain — Battle of Dettingen— Battle of Fontenoy — British Troops on the Coast of France and in Flanders— Battle of Laffeldt— England's part in the " Seven Years' War "—Battle of Minden — Actions at Emsdorf, Warburg, and Wilhelmsthal— Capture of Belleisle— English Successes in the West Indies— End of the " Seven Years' War " 9^

Chapter VI. The British Army In America

1 755 — 1783. The Conquest of Canada — Geneial Braddock's Defeat and Death — Desultory Operations against the French — Capture of Louisburg and Cape Breton Island — Capture of Niagara — The Battle of Quebec and Death of General Wolfe— Expulsion of the French from Canada — The American War of Independence — Actions at Lexington and Bunker's Hill — Americans fail at Quebec but capture Boston — Actions at Long Island and White Plains, and capture of New York — Battle of Brandywine Creek and Capture of Philadelphia — Surrender of General Burgoyne's Army at Saratoga — Action of Freehold Court House — The War in Georgia and the Carolinas — Capture of Savannah and Affairs at Briar Creek and Stono Ferry — Capture of Charlestown and Surrender of General Lincoln's Army — Battle of Camden — The Fate of Major Andre — The Campaign of 1781 — Actions at the Cowpens, Guildford, Hobkirk's Hill, and Ewtaw Springs — Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown — Conclusion of the War 114

Chapter VII. The Founding Of Our Indian Empire

(1755 — 1767.) The Struggle between England and France in the Carnatic — Lawrence and Clive — Defence of Arcot by Clive — Lawrence's Services in the Field — Operations on the Malabar Coast — Defence of Madras by Lawrence — Services of Forde, Brereton, and Eyre Coote — Battle of Wandewash — Capture of Pondicherry and Extinction of French Power in India — The Events in Bengal— The "Black Hole" of Calcutta— Battle of Plassey — Establishment of English Ascendency — Defeat ot the Dutch by Forde — Services of Calliaud, Knox, and Carnac — Adams' Campaign against Meer Cossim — Services of Hector Munro — Mutiny of the Bengal Army and Suppression by Munro — Battle of Buxar — British Supremacy established in Bengal — Return of Lord Clive to England

Chapter VIII. The Struggle With Hyder Ali And Tippoo Sultan

(1767 — 1 799 Battles of Changama and Trinomalee — Hyder extorts a Treaty of Peace — The First Rohilla War — Operations against the Mahrattas — The Failure of the Expedition from Bombay to Poona — Successes of Colonel Goddard —Capture of Gwalior by Escalade, and Defeat of Scindia — Participation of the French in the War— Destruction of Colonel Baillie's Force — Sir Eyre Coote's Victories at Porto Novo, Pollilore, and Sholingur — Colonel Braithwaite's Disaster — Death of Hyder Ali and Sir Eyre Coote Contents. 13 l80 — The Siege of Cuddalore — Operations against Tippoo on the West Coast— Conclusion of Peace— Renewal of War with Tippoo—Cam paigns of General Meadows and Lord Cornwallis— Capture of Bangalore and Battle of Arikera— Siege and Capture of Seringapatam— The Last Mysore War— Battle of Malavelly— Storming of Seringapatam . . 160

Chapter IX. The Mahratta War

(1803— 1806.) General Arthur Wellesley's Campaign against Scindia and the Rajah of Nagpore — Capture of Ahmednuggur and Asseerghur — Battles of Assaye and Argaum— General Lake's Campaign against Scindia — Capture of Allyghur— The Battle of Delhi— Surrender of Delhi and Agra— Battle of Laswarree— The Campaign against Holkar — Colonel Monson's Disaster—Defence of Delhi by Colonel Ochterlony— Battle of Deig — Capture of Deig— The Siege of Bhurtpore— Repulse of the British Army — End of the Mahratta War

Chapter X. The Revolutionary War

(1793 — 1S0O.) Expedition under the Duke of York to Holland — The Guards at Lincelles — The Siege of Dunkirk — The 15th Hussars at Villiers-en-Couche — British Cavalry Action near Cateau — Repulse of the French at the Marque and Pont-a-Chin — Retreat of the Duke of York across the Meuse and Waal — Loss of Nimguen and Retreat of the British Army to Bremen — The Operations at Toulon and Capture of Corsica — The Slave Rebellion in the West India Islands and Maroon War in Jamaica — Reduction of the Cape of Good Hope and the Dutch Possessions in the East and West Indies — Attack on the French and Spanish Islands in the West Indies — The Expedition to Holland in 1799 — The Actions of the 27th August and the 10th September — Battle of Bergen — Action at Kastricum — Return of the Army to England . . . . .195

Chapter XI. The Revolutionary

-WAR—(conli,l!teJ). (l8ol — 1814.) The Expedition to Egypt — The Disembarkation at Aboukir Bay — The Battle of Alexandria and Death of Sir Ralph Abercrombie — Surrender of Cairo and Alexandria — Capture of the French West India Islands — Expedition to the Cape of Good Hope — The Battle of Maida — Failure of the Expedition to Egypt — The Capture of Monte Video — Disaster at Buenos Ayres — The Siege of Copenhagen — Capture of Cayenne and Martinique, and Expulsion of the French from the West Indies — The Expedition to Walcheren — Bombardment of Flushing — Return of the Army to England — The American War of 1S12-14 — Campaign of the Lakes — Capture of Oswego — Action at Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, and Repulse at Fort Erie — Battle of Bladensburg and Capture of Washington — Failure of the Attacks on Baltimore and Flattsburg — The disastrous Expedition to New Orleans 214

Chapter XII. The Peninsular War

(1S08— 1S09.) State of Europe on the Eve of the Peninsular War— Sir Arthur Wellesley proceeds to Portugal — Action at Rolica— Battle of Vimiero— Supercession Contents. 14 PAGE 235 251 284 3'9 of Sir Arthur Wellesley, and Convention of Cintra — Advance of Sir John Moore into Spain — French Defeat of the Spanish Army and Entry of Napoleon into Madrid— Cavalry Actions at Sahagun and Benevente — Retreat of the British Army on Corunna— Battle of Corunna, and Death of Sir John Moore

Chapter XIII. The Peninsular War

— (continued). (1809 — 1S11.) The Situation in Spain and Portugal — Arrival of Sir Arthur Wellesley at Lisbon — Expulsion of the French from Oporto — Marshal Soult is driven out of Portugal — The Military Position in the Peninsula in 1809 — British Advance on Madrid — The Battle of Talavera — Construction of the Lines of Torres Vedras — Action of the Coa — Retreat of the British Army into Portugal — Battle of Busaco — Retreat of the French from before the Lines of Torres Vedras — Victory of General Graham at Barrosa . ■

Chapter XIV. The Peninsular Wav

— (continued). (181 1 — 1812.) Retreat of Massena out of Portugal — Action of Sabugal— Beresford's Operations before Badajoz — Battle of Fuentes d'Onor — Occupation of Almeida — Battle of Albuera — Unsuccessful Assault on Badajoz — Cavalry Affair at El Bodon — General Hill surprises a French Division at Arroyo de Molinos — Defence of Tarifa — Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo — Siege and Storm of Badajoz — Hill captures the Forts of Almaraz . . . 267

Chapter XV. The Peninsular War

— (continued). (l8t2— 1813.) Wellington marches against Marshal Marmont — Capture of the Convent Fort at Salamanca — Movements of the hostile Armies — Battle of Salamanca — Entry of the British Army into Madrid — Wellington takes the Field against Clausel — Repulse of the British Army at Burgos — Wellington unites with Hill and retreats into Portugal — The Anglo-Sicilian Force — ■ Action at Castalla — The Campaign of 1813 — Wellington's victorious March through Spain — Battle ot Vittoria — Results of the Victory .

Chapter XVI. The Peninsular

WAR— (continued). (1S13.) Retirement of the French Army across the Bidassoa into France — Failure at Tarragona — First Siege of San Sebastian — Sanguinary Repulse of the British— Battles of the Pyrenees between the 25th July and the 2nd August — Second Siege and Capture of San Sebastian — The Actions of San Marcial and Vera — The British cross the Bidassoa — Battle of the Nivelle — Battles of the Nive ,0l

Chapter XVII

the peninsular war— (continued). (1814.) The War in Catalonia— Passage of the Adour — Battle of Orthes— Actions of Aire, VicBigorre, and Tarbes — French Retreat on Toulouse — Movements of the Rival Armies — Battle of Toulouse — Retreat ot Soult and Occupation of Toulouse— Sortie at Bayonne — Termination of the Peninsular War Contents. 15 366 384 396

Chapter XVIII. Page The Waterloo Campaign

(1815.) Flight of Napoleon from Elba and Landing in France — His Preparations for the Struggle— Rapid Advance of Napoleon across the Sambre — Wellington at Brussels — Battle of Quatre Bras — Cavalry Action at Genappe — The Eve of Waterloo— Strength and Dispositions of the Rival Armies — Battle of Waterloo — The Defence of Hougoumont — Repulse of d'Erlon's Attack — Death of Sir Thomas Picton — Charge of the " Union " and Household Brigades — Repulse of the French Cavalry by the British Squares— Defeat of the Imperial Guard — Flight of Napoleon — Advance of the Allied Army into France — Capitulation of Paris and End of the War 333

Chapter XIX. The Nepaul, Mahratta, And Burmese Wars

(l8lO — 1826.) Reduction of Mauritius — Expedition to Java and the Celebes — The War in Nepaul — Death of General Gillespie at Kalunga — Capture of Almora and Defeat of the Ghoorkas by General Ochterlony — The Pindaree and Mahratta War — Battle of Kirkee — Battle of Seetabuldee and Submission of Nagpore — Defeat and Dispersion of Holkar's Army at Mahidpore — Action at Korygaum — Defeat of the Peishwa — Capture of Asseerghur and End of the War — Expeditions against the Joasmi Pirates and the Beni-Boo-Ali Arabs — Siege and Capture of Bhurtpore— The First Burmese War — The Battles round Rangoon — The Expedition to Arracan Advance up the Irrawaddy — Capture of Donabew and Prome — Repulse at Wattigaum — The Actions at Mellown and Pagahm Mew — Conclusion of the Burmese War .

Chapter XX. The Afghan, Scinde, And Gwalior Campaigns

(1838— 1844.) The Afghan Expedition — Capture of Ghuznee and Entry into Cabul — Storm of Khelat — Disasters in Afghanistan — The Defence of Jellalabad— Siege of the British Cantonment at Cabul — Retreat through the Passes and Destruction of the Cabul Force — General Nott at Candahar — Forcing of the Khyber Pass by General Pollock — Actions of Mamoo Kheil and Jugdulluck — Battle of Tezeen and Occupation of Cabul — Release of English Prisoners and Return to India — Capture of Kurrachee and Aden — The Conquest of Scinde — Battles of Meanee and Hyderabad — The Gwalior Campaign — Battles of Maharajpore and Punniar . . •

Chapter XXI. The Sikh, Second Burmese, And Persian Wars

(1845 — 1S56.) The Sutlej Campaign — Battles of Moodkee and Ferozeshuhur — Action at Aliwal — The Victory at Sobraon — The Punjaub Campaign — Successes achieved by Lieutenant Herbert Edwardes — Actions at Ramnuggur and Sadoolapore — Battle of Chillianwallah — Capture of Mooltan — Battle of Goojerat— Annexation of the Punjaub— Our Frontier "Little Wars" — Second Burmese War — Capture of Rangoon — The Operations against Myatoon — The Persian War — Capture of Bushire and Mohamra — Actions at Kooshaub and Ahwaz

Chapter XXII. The Crimean War

(1S54 — 1856.) The Army proceeds to Gallipoli and thence to Varna — The landing in the Contents. 16 PAGE 420 432 460 478 509 Crimea- Battle of the Alma— The Flank March to Balaclava— Siege of Sebastopol— Battle of Balaclava— Memorable Charge of the Light Cavalry Brigade— Battle of Inkerman— Progress of the Siege— The Attack on the Quarries— Repulse at the Redan on the 18th June— Second Repulse on the 8th September— Evacuation of Sebastopol— Conclusion of the War

Chapter XXIII. The Indian Mutiny

(1S57 — 1859.) Causes of the Indian Mutiny— Previous Military Revolts in India— The Rising at Barrackpore and Meerut— Advance on Delhi— Actions at the Hindun and Budlee-Ke-Serai— The Relief of Arrah— The Mutinies at Benares and Allahabad— The Massacre of Cawnpore— The Defence of Lucknow — Havelock's Advance on Lucknow— His Return to Cawnpore— Final Advance and first Relief of Lucknow— Events in the Punjaub— Siege and Storm of Delhi— Battles of Agra and Narnoul— Relief of Lucknow by Sir Colin Campbell— Battles round Cawnpore— Siege of Lucknow— Sir Hugh Rose's Campaign in Central India— Capture of Jhansi, Calpee, and Gwalior— Battles of the Betwa, Koonch, Golowlee, and Morar— Campaign in Rohilcund and Oude— Pacification of the disturbed Provinces

Chapter XXIV. Our Colonial And

"LITTLE" WARS. (1S4O— 1S74.) The China Wars of 1840-42, and 1S60— Storming of the Taku Forts and Occupation of Pekin— Our South African Wars— The Campaigns of 1819, of 1835, and of — Defeat of the Boers at Boemplatts — The Kaffir War of 1851-53— Loss of the Birkenhead— Our New Zealand Wars in and r864-66 — Capture of Kawiti's Pah — Repulse at the " Gate Pah " — The Abyssinian Campaign — Action at Arogie and Capture of Magdala — The Red River Expedition — The Ashantee War of 1873-74 — Actions of Amoaful and Ordahsu — Occupation of Coomassie