Limerick: its history and antiquities, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, from the earliest ages, with copious historical, archæological, topographical, and genealogical notes and illustrations; maps, plates, and appendices, etc

Front matter

HISTORY OF LIMERICK. LIMERICK; ITS HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES, ECCLESIASTICAL, CIVIL, AND MILITARY, FROM THE EARLIEST AGES, ■WITH COPIOUS HISTORICAL, ARCHÆOLOGICAL, TOPOGTtAPHICAL, AND GENEA- LOGICAL NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS; MAPS, PLATES, AND APPENDICES, AND AN ALPHABETICAL INDEX, ETC. Œomptlco from tf.e ancient annals, tlje most authentic iflS. ano printeo Eecoros, decent Bcseaidjcs, etc., etc. 'Oipi_ re Ipt) ical yviiipi) tai iaropii) ravra Keyova^iari. — Hkrodotus, Euterpe, ch. 99. " I have related what I have seen, what I have thought, and what I have learned hy inquiry". — Cakey's Thanslation. tr MAURICE LENIHAN, ESQ. DUBLIN : HODGES. SMITH, AND CO., 104 GRAFTON STREET, BOOKSELLERS AND PCBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY. 1866. J. F. FOWLER, PRINTER, 3 CROW STREET, DAME STREET, DUBLIN. DEDICATION.

TO TllE RIGHT HONOURABLE EDWIN EICHARD WINDHAM WYNDHAM QUIN, TRIM) EAKL OF DOHRiVEN AMD jIOUXT-EAEL, LORD LIEUTENANT AND CUSTOS ROTULORUM OF THE COUNTY OF THE CITT, AND OF THE COUNTY OF LIMERICK, etc., etc, etc. Mr Lord, The associations of a History of a locality in which your Lord ship must necessarily take a deep interest, from the manifold tics, both ancient and modem, which so intimately connect you with many of the transactions recorded in the following pages, and your Lordship's well known attainments as a scholar and antiquarian, would, independently of your large possessions and eminent position in the county, remind me of your Lordship as the most appropriate personage to whom such a book should be dedicated. I therefore take the liberty of requesting your acceptance of a work of no inconsiderable toil, in which I have endeavoured, faithfully and impartially, to record events, the perusal of which, it is to be hoped, may both interest and instruct. I have the honour to be, my Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient servant, MAURICE LENIHAN. Limerick, Fehruary 20, 186C. b

Preface

. I have already stated, in the prospectus of this book, that historical truth, local and general interest, fulness of details, and the publication of new and authentic matter, derived from original sources, were the main objects which I proposed to myself in undertaking the laborious and difficult task of writing a History of Ancient and Modern Limerick. Originally appearing at intervals in the ephemeral shape of a contribution to the newspaper of which I am the proprietor, the plan ofthe work, as at first contemplated, included only the history of the last sieges ; but the resources developed in the course of the studies which I found indispensable for a competent discharge of the duties that I had undertaken, accumulated so much interesting matter, and attracted so much attention and encouragement from some of our most eminent scholars and patriots, that I was induced to think of giving these occasional contributions to local history a fuller and, I hope, a more permanent form.

My own enthusiastic love ofthe subject, no doubt, as well as these friendly criticisms, made me underrate the 1 and care, to say nothing ofthe other high qualiBcations and responsibilities involved in such an undertaking ; and, in fact, as my materials increased by the addition of family muniments, pedigrees, and official document-', 1 found that the publication of my notes and memoranda alone ' ■ extend to three or four volumes. Of course, so weighty a work was beyond my private means, upon which exclusively I have had to rely for the publication of my book, and which have been the more heavily taxed because I resolved to publish it at so extremely low a price, compared with other works of the kind. I had, therefore, to choose a medium bet a historical epitome, and a publication which would have been more fitly called Historical Collections for a History of Limerick, than by its present title.

In such circumstances, fine writing, ambitious narrative, studied graces of style, and philosophical reflections, have ofteii to be sacrificed to the Stem requirements of facts and figures. In a work too which alternates be tween sublimity and commonplace, sustained elevation, or even equality of style, is not to be always expected. All that could reasonably be looked for was truth, lucidity and interest of narrative, and accuracy of in formation, and whether I have realized these objects or not, public opinion will find no difficulty in deciding. My chapter on the county history, topography, and antiquities, alone contains condensed information which might easily be expanded into a goodly volume, foi which, in fact, I still have copious materials in MS. I hope, however, my endeavours to render the book a readable as well as an instructive one, will not be entirely fruitless.

As another contribution, collected from the best source.., to our local histories, which are so very few when compared with those of other countries, the work possesses an additional interest.

PREFACE.

. VIII Should it attain the success I hope for, I shall be induced to try the history of Tipperary, and perhaps of Clare, for which also I have ample materials. As for the spirit in which any reflections I have made in the course of the work may have been conceived, I think it unnecessary to offer any apology. Whatever my opinions may be on political, social, or religious subjects, I have not allowed them to interfere with strict impartiality as a historian. Had I, or could I have, written without making any reflections at all, I might as well have published a dry list of chronological events, instead of a history, and I could, in such a case, neither haye felt nor imparted that degree of interest to the work which would insure its popularity or even its perusal. Such as it is, its publication in book form has originated in a suggestion of my venerable friend the Most Rev. Dr. Leahy, the learned and gifted Archbishop of Cashel and Emly.

That scarcely any diversity of opinion exists as to whether another History of Limerick was required at the present day, is, I believe, a settled point. A century has well nigh passed away since John Ferrar compiled Ids small history and directory ; and more than eighty years have elapsed since the second and larger edition appeared. Ferrar drew all his materials from the Rev. James White's MSS., omitting much that did not suit the times and his patrons, and from Dr. Smith's MSS. in the Royal Irish Academy. Of the grand and salient features ofthe history he gave but httle; he suppressed many annals; whilst the sieges and battles of Limerick, the heroism of its defenders, their triumphs and their sufferings, are passed over in a very short space: he left untouched many of the principal incidents, even in the sources from which he professed to draw, and other more important fountains of knowledge were to him sealed altogether.

The immense mass of matter which has been brought to light in reference to Ireland since he wrote, through the labours of our archæ ologists and historians, through the Royal Irish Academy, the Gælic Society, the Archæological and Celtic Societies, etc., through t_ie extra ordinary labours of my late lamented friend Professor Eugene O Curry, the late Dr. O'Donovan, the late Dr. Petrie, Dr. Todd, etc., attests his deficiency in resources which are now abundant. Of the larger history of Fitzgerald and MacGregor, although possessing a certain amount of merit, which I am far from undervaluing, it will not, I trust, be deemed rash or invidious to say, that it is quite as much a history of Ireland as of Limerick ; that its copious details, even if desirable in a local history, are often put forward upon the authority of some persons who were either imperfectly acquainted with the subject, or partially disqualified from offering their statements and opinions by personal and political prejudices and prepossessions; and that a very considerable quantity of the matter which fills the two bulky volumes, can have little interest to readers who sit down with the wish to be informed of the facts of the particular history which the title page pro fesses to give.

Thanks to the labours of recent archæologists, to the wide spread of education, and to the more intimate intercourse between men of all opinions which exists in these days of frequent and rapid locomotion, many of the prejudices against nationality, so common even in the days of the last historians of Limerick, have already passed or are rapidly passing away, and have been succeeded by a spirit of honest inquiry, can did admission, and a love of historical truth, which have been greatly fostered by the eminent men and by the publications to which we have

PREFACE.

. IX already referred. I do not write by way of depreciating those who have trod the anxious path of local historical research before the present work ■was projected and undertaken ; but I desire to show that a History of Limerick was an absolute desideratum which ought to be supplied. I have been engaged for some years, not only in collecting and preparing materials for this work, from rare and valuable published authorities, but 1 have supplied myself with manuscript materials of unquestionable authority—chiefly amongst them the MSS. of Dr. Thomas Arthur, a native of Limerick, the friend of Sir James Ware, the physician of nearly all the eminent Irishmen of his time, and a relative of the illustrious Archbishop Creagh; to which MSS. there appears to have been little or no access before those invaluable materials for the history of Limerick came into my possession, though constituting some of the most ancient written records of many of the most important of local events — some of the most curious and interesting of which have never hitherto seen the light, but all of which I ha*re -.riven.

The White Manuscripts, from which Ferrar professed to draw, but much of which, I repeat, he left untouched, I have in my possession at present ; and I have also had access to the interesting chartu'ary and annals of Edmond Sexten, preserved in the British Museum. I should add that some years ago I purchased the valuable Limerick MSS. of John D'Alton, Esq., M.R I A., from which I have derived most im portant matter. Most of the other authorities I give below. As an instance of the fuller and more accurate details, to which I flutter myself this history will owe some of its advantages over former ones, I may refer to the period of tin. Sieges, a portion of the history to which Limerick is indebted for its chief celebrity, and visited by the lovers of national independence and military heroism.

In treating of this and other parts of the work, I can safely aver I have spared no laborious exertions to acquaint myself both by reading, inquiring, and personal investigation, with all the narratives and traditions which bear upon the subject. On the history of its religious houses, and on the ecclesiastical history gene rally of Limerick, I have also taken particularly great care, and expended considerable time and labour, constantly referring to original documents, such as the Black Book of Limerick, for the more ancient details, a original sources of information for the more modern, and setting down nothing for which I had not sufficient authority, although I am not of course so vain as to think I have escaped an occasional error. In the list of authorities the reader will find, I hope, a sufficient guarantee of my industry as a student, and fidelity as a historian ; but it would be ungrateful to omit my acknowledgment for many obligations conferred by kind friends who have consulted the public libraries for me, and lent me their family papers and other useful materials, besides other literary assistance.

In the history of the Catholic Bishops after the Reformation, I have to express my thanks for the valuable assistance of the learned antiquarian, Mr. Hanna of Ballykilner, county Down. The present Lord Gort has most obligingly furnished me with many interesting records, and valuable notes from the Carew MSS., now in the Lambeth Library; and his brother, the Hon. John P. Vereker, late Lord Mayor of Dublin, has supplied me with much available matter from his own interesting collections of papers. For the deeply interesting notes on the X

PREFACE.

. Jesuit Fathers, I am indebted to the'kindness of the Rev. Father Hogan, S.J., a laborious and patient searcher after historical truth in this respect. L. Waldron, Esq., D.L., the late M.P. for the county Tipperary, has afforded me information as to the existence of materials in the British Museum, etc., whilst De Lacy Pierce, Esq., and his nephews, of the Adelphi Chambers, London, have most obligingly contributed various illustrative documents derived from the same source, and from their own historical collections and papers. I have got some notes, too, of much interest, from the Hon. Robert O'Brien, from General Sir Charles R. O'Donnell, and from the late lamented John Windele, Esq., Cork ; while in translation, research, revision, and general literary assistance, I have enjoyed the constant, efficient, and friendly aid of Thomas Stanley Tracey, Esq., A.B., ex-Schol.

T.C.D., who was conveniently near me. The reader will find in the Index the fullest references to almost every thing in the book besides what is contained in the table of contents, the latter, in general, giving only the chief heads of the subjects in the text. List of principal authorities used in this work: — Annals of Four Masters, Annals of Munster, Annals of Ulster, Aphonsmicat Discovery, etc., MS., T.C.D. Archdall's Monasticon, Arthur MSS., Anderson's Ireland, Atkinson's View, etc., Billing's ".ragmentum Historicum, Black Hook of Limerick, Book of Friars' Preachers of Limerick in British Museum, Boate's Natural History, Borlase's Rebellion, Bourchier's Historia Ecclesiastica Francis- Dunraven's (Earl of) Memorials of Adare, Ferrar'. History of Limerick, Fitzgerald and M'Gregor's Hist, of Limerick.

Frazer's Handbook of Ireland, French's (Bishop of Ferns) Unkinde Desertor and Bleeding Iphegenia, Frois-art's Chronicles, Gordon's Ireland :>nd Rebellion, Hamilton's Calendar of State Papers, Hanme*. s Chronicles, Hardiman's History of Galway, Harleian MSS. in Brit. Mus. Harris's Hibernica, Harris's History of Dowfl, Heylin's History, Holingshed's Chronicles, Hoveden's History, Keating's History of Ireland, Kilkenny Archæological Society's Journal, Keogh's Botanologia and Zoologia, King's State of the Irish Protestants, King James's Irish Army List, Lewis's Topographical Dictionary, Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History, Liber Hymnorum, Local Traditions, Ledwich's Antiquities, Leland's History of Ireland, Leyden's Agonia et Victorias Martyrum FrancisL-orum, London Gazette, 1650-1-2, etc., Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, Ludlow's Memoirs, Lynch's Law of Elections in Ireland, Lynches Feudal Dignities, Lynch's Cambrensis Eversus, Lloyd's Ancient Church Government in England and Ireland, Mason's Statistical Survey, Mason on Irish Parliaments, Marlborough's Chronicles, Mornri's Calendary of the Patent and Close Kolls ot Chancery, MacCurtin's Vindication, etc., Memoirs of an Octogenarian (J. Roche, Esq). corum, Book of Distribution of Irish Forfeited Estates, Burgundian Library MSS.

(Brussels), Book of Rights, Bruodin's Chronicles, Buchanan's History of Scotland, Cambrensis (Giraldus) Irish History in MSS. Camden's Britannia, Camden's History of Elizabeth, Campbell's Philosophical Survey, Campbell's Political Survey, Clynn and Dowling's Annals, Campion's History ol Ireland, Carte's Life of Ormonde, Castlehaven's Memoirs, Clarendon's History of Rebellion, Comerford's History of Ireland, Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, etc., Conway Correspondence MSS., Cox's Hibernia Anglicana, Crossle-y's Peerage of Ireland, Curry's Civil Wars of Ireland, Carve's Itinerary, Dalton's MSS., De Burgo's Hibernia Dominicana, De Burgo's Extracts from the Protestant Historians, Dalrymple's Memoirs, Dewar on Ireland,

PREFACE.

. XI M'Dermot's History of Ireland, Monasticon Hibernicum, Rothe's Analecta Sacra, Reports on the Fisheries, Sexten's Chartulary in British Museum, Smith's Histories of Waterford, Cork, and Kerry, Southwell MSS., Spenser's View of Ireland, Stratford's Memoirs, Sir John Davies's Historical Tracts, Stratford's Letters, Stanihurst De Rebus Hibernicis, etc., Story's Civil Wars of Ireland, Stuart's History of Armagh, Seward'a Topographia Hibernica, Smith's MSS. in tlie R.I. A., Molyneux's Diary of the Siege, MS Annals (unpublished) of County and City of Limerick, MSS. collections of the Smyth Papers, etc. Morrison's Itinerary, Massingham's Florilegium, etc., Macaulay's (Lord) History of England, Nairne's Stuart State Papers, O'Heyne's History ofthe Dominicans, O'Reilly's History of Ireland, O'Reilly's Irish Writers, O'Connor's Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores, O'Halloran's History of Ireland, O'Renehan s Collections, State Paper ntti.e Records, State Papers of Henry VIIL, Tours in Ireland (by several authors), Irish Collection-, 0' Curry's MS.

Materials, Orren's State Letter*, Ouseley "s .MS. Corrections and Emendations of Ferrar, Petty's Survey of Ireland, Tracts, etc., Pacata Hibernia, ile de Louis XIV, etc., Wakefield's Ireland, Walshe's lie monstrance and Letters, Petrie's Hound Towers, Tara, etc , Parker's (Vaptain) Memoirs, Parliamentary Gazeteer of Ireland, Philopati r Irer.æus, Reports of Commissioners of Public Records, Ireland, Antiquities, Bishops, History, etc., White's MSS., Apologia, Wynne's History of Ireland. ■ ut Ireland, Wright's Ireland, etc-, Report of the Great Fishery Trials of Maleomson versus O'Dea, etc. Walker's Iri-: Walker's Dress and Armour of the Ancient Rutty's Mineral Spas, etc Rushworth's Historical Collections, Warner's History of Irish Rebellion, Wattere'a Irish Birds. Rymer's Fœdera, Report ef Corporation Commissioners, s Tour, These, and a great number of others, are the authorities, to which reference has been i>. <_ nd from whirl ■ is been collated by me.

In the Appendiee.-: I have added a < ■ ble quantity of matter which was not available until the latest moment; and I cpntemplate, in the next Edition, to supply such additional fact? and historical matter as may be developed by tin* St. hi* Papers, etc . in the cuiirse of publication. To unavoidable errors, which I have endeavoured, as far as possible to correct, the reader will, I hope, extend a generous forbearance. MAURICE LENIHAN. February 20th, 1866. LIST OF MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS. Map of City of Limerick in 1866, to face title page. Thomond Bridge, King John's Castle, etc., . ... ... ... 50 Inscription and Figure,, ... ... ... . ... ... 152 Clare and Limerick Tokens, ... ... ... ... ... 200 Story'3 Map of Siege, 1C90, ... ... . . ... ... 237 French Map of Limerick and its Fortifications in 1691, ... ... ... 258 Heads of James II., and -William III., .. .. ... ... 27 f Inscription on Town Fish House in 1582, ... ... _.. ... 262 Fae simile of inscription on tomb of Gals ridus Arthur, ... ... ... 678 Fac-simile of inscription and Castle over Mungret Gate, ,.. ... loG ERRATA.

In the Greek verses on Ganyowen some of the vowels have been misplaced. Page 341, note 3, for Flcnry O'Sullivan read James O'Sullivan. Page 4s2, note, last line, for *' established" read "' abolished" . Page 430, lines 1 and 2, for " commons" read " customs". Page 326, for Heney read Henry. Page 745, note §, for John Massy, Esq., read John Kelly, Esq. Indox, page 7G1, for Arthur, father, read Archer. „ page ibid., reael Arthur family, page 3.(1. „ page 703. read Cashin's School, 322; Castleconnell described, page 727. , page 764, read Colleen Bawn, 402, 551 ; Con- "iicll. Johnny, 402 ; Coole. Chidley, 321. „ page 7ti4, read Clare Street, 341. Index, page 765, _e*eDoweUl family; Duel, ot&, read pace 407. „ page 772, read Quin, John, page C76 ; Raleighstown, etc.. page 746. ., page 773, read Ryan, etc, page 461. „ page 774, read Swinburne, page 414 ; Tait, Feter, page 529.

CONTENTS. I. Foundation and occupation of the city by the Danes. — Origin of the name of Limerick. — Earliest notices. — Introduction of Christianity into. — Wura of the Danes, etc. ... ... ... ... 1 II. Reign and achievements of Brian Boroimhe, etc., etc. ... ... 10 III. Brian and his immediate successors ; and the Kings of Thomond, etc. ... 17 IV. The Kings of Thomond, continued, etc., etc. ... ... 22 V. Annali of Thomond. — Monasteries founded by Donald O'Brien, KiDg of Limerick, etc., ete. ... ... ... ... 25 VI. The Norman Invasion, etc. "... ... ... 35 VII. Limerick under the English. — Charters and Giants, etc. ... 47 VIII. Annals of Thomond. — Grants, etc. ... .. ... 6^' IX. Annals of Thomond.— The Desmonds and the Butlers, etc ... 67 X. Limerick under the Tudors, etc. ... ... ... 6'J XI.

End oi the Kingdom of Thomond. — Rivalry between Limerick and Galway, etc. .. ... ..'. ... ... 73 XII. Limerick under the Tudors, continued. — Henry VIII._Lord Leonard Gray. — Edmond Sexten, etc. ... ... ... ... 75 XIII. Successes of the English. — Fruits of the Reformation, etc. ... 88 XIV. Limerick under Queers Mary and Elizabeth.— The Wars of the Desmonds.— The Butlers and O'Briens. — Confiscations, etc. ... ... 94 XV. Progress of Sir H. Sidney. — Extraordinary customs of the Irish. — The Deputy's visit to Lord Power, at Curraghmore. — Battle of Manistcr, etc. 99 XVI. Martyrdom of Bishop IK .ly and Father O'Rourke. — Continued atreeities, etc. 103 XVII. Engh.n I'ro^Tess. — Persecutions continued. — Arrival of the Spaniards, etc. 107 XVIII. Fate of the Earl of Desmoud.— Grants.— Kicliard Creagh, etc. ... 109 XIX.

Arrival of Earl James. — 0 Donnell's invasion of Thomond. — Jail Deliveries. — Fate of the Insurants and Spaniards, etc. ... -. 1-5 XX. Rejoicings in Limerick on the lieath of Queen Elizabeth. -Hopes and ; appointments. — Flight of the Earls of Tyrone and Tyr. oonell, etc. ... 130 XXI. Persecutions on account of religion. — Execution of Jo'm Burke, Baron of Brittaa. — A new charter. — Indenture of Perambulation, etc. ... 133 XXII. Inquisitions. — Corporate spoliation. ... ... ... 138 XXIII. Affairs in the City. — Dr. 1 homas Arthur. — Projected Catholic Universities. — Wentworth. — Archbishop Usher, etc. ... ... 143 XXIV. The Civil War. — The Confederation Refusal of the Corporation to receive the Papal Envoy. — Correspondence between the Mayor and the Envoy. — Occupation of the King's Castle by the Confederates. — Murrough of the Burnings, etc. ... ... ... ... 148 XXV.

The Al'istolic Nuncio Rinuccini.— Siege of Bunratty Castle. — Estimate of Ormonde. — Te Deum in St. Marys Cathedral. — Ormonde's peace denounced. — Bourke deposed. — Fanning constituted Mayor. — Atrocities of Murrough of the Burnings at Cashel, etc. ... ... 155 XXVI. Cromwell sent to Ireland. — Continued negotiations. — Limerick threatened. — Ormonde aud the Bishop. — Bishop O'Molooey Progress of Ireton, etc. 165 XXVII. In-ton's campaign, — The siege of Limerick.— Terrible sufferings of the citizens. — Treason of I ... ... ... 171 XXVIII. Confiscation. — Oppressive taxation of the citizens. — Fearful burdens.' — Fleetwood, etc. ... ... ... ... 184 XXIX. The High Court of Butchery.— Savage executions — Court of Adventurers. 187 XXX. Departure of the Irish for foreign lauds. — Cromwell's Parliament — Wholesale confiscation. , etc. . . . . ... 190 XXXI.

Death of Cromwell. — Accession of Charles II. — Disappointment of Catholics. — Rewards of the Regicides and Adventurers. — Grants Tradesmi n's Tokens. — Grantof Fisheries to Sir George Preston. —Lord Orrery. — Corporation doings, etc. ... ... ... 196 XXXIL Important Events. — Schomberg lands at Carrickfergus. — King James arrives in Kinsale, and proceeds to Dublin. — Landing of King William.— The Battle of the Boyne. — Flight of James to France. — The march of William to Limerick, etc. ... ... ... CONTENTS. XIV XXXIII. Tbe Siese of 1690.— Magnificent achievement of Brigadier Sarsfield.— The Black Battery Heroic Devotion and Bravery of the Women of Limerick. — Overthrow of William, etc. ... ••• 22G XXXIV. Effect of the Defeat at Limerick on William.— Efforts to repair his losses Renewed Exertions of the Defenders.— Another Military Expedition sent to Ireland.— Parliamentary Proceedings.— The Campaign of 1691. — Limerick again besieged The surrender.— The Treaty, etc. 251 XXXV.

Assemblage of the Iri*h Army on the King's Island — Addresses by the Catholic Bishops and Clergy to the Soldiers— by Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan. Wauchup, etc. — Preparations for embarkation — The embarkation. — Farewell to Patrick Sarsfield, etc. ... ...' 275 XXXVI. Legal Status of the Irish Catholics under the Treaty.— How the Treaty was observed.— Enactment of the Penal Code.— Horrors on horrors, etc. 288 XXXVII. The Forfeited Estates.— The Sales.— Sir William King's death.— Orangeism, etc., etc. ... ••• ■•■ 298 XXXVIII. The Orange military riots in Limerick in 1710.— Statement of Dr. Smyth, the Protestant Bishop — Depositions. — Statement of the Officers and their Petition. — Suspension of the officers and final dismissal of Major Chaytor, etc. .. ... ... ••• 310 XXXIX. Troubles in the corporation of Limerick Accusations and recriminations — Lovalty and disloyalty. — Pttitions and counter-petitions. — Persecutions, etc. — Position of the Catholic Clergy, etc. ... 317 XL.

Perseverance of the Catholics of Limerick in the face of persecution. — The first Catholic Bishop since the Sieges.— Corporate misdeeds. — Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Pearce. — Execution of the Rev. Timothy Ryan. — Extraordinary doings, etc. ... ... ... 322 XLI. Further illustrations of the spirit of the times. — A general election. — Guilds of trade.— The Battle of the Mayor's Stone. — The Theatre, etc. 328 XL1I. Civic rivalry. — St. Michael's Parish. — The Great Frost Fearful Sufferings of the people. — Whitfield's visit to Limerick, and his opinion of the inhabitants. — The land and its changes. — Misdeeds of the corporators again. ... ... ... ... 332 XLIII. Eflorts of the Catholics. — New chapels built. — Paintings and painters. — New Projects.— Grants. — Limerick ceases to be fortified. — Removal of the gates and walls. — Petitions to Parliament and investigation. — Corporate iniquity exposed. — Noble conduct of the anti-corporate Protestants, etc., etc. ... ... ... ... 339 XLIV.

Elections under the Octennial Bill. — Progress of Limerick, etc., etc. 359 XLV. A Retrospect. — How the penal laws operated. — Lists of conformists, etc. 372 XL VI. The Irish Volunteers. — The Career of John Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare. — An Election.— The Rebellion of '98. — Trial of Francis Arthui, Esq. — The Reign of Terror. — The Act of Union. — Progresses events, etc. — "Garryowtn". — Improvements, etc. ... ... 382 XXVII. State of the Catholic Cause. — A Catholic College for Limerick Diocese. — Agitation of the Veto. — Noble conduct of the Catholic bishop and clergy of Limerick, etc. — State of the county of Limerick. — Wellington. — Dr. Milner. — O'Connell. — Gallant Limerick men abroad. — Roche. — De Lacy. — Gough. — Progress of events, etc. ... ... 422 XLVI1I. Locomotion. — Mr. Bianconi.— Educational reform. — Introduction of the Christian Brothers into Limerick. — Thomas Spring Rice, Esq. — " Chairing" of Mr. Tuthill.- — Disturbances after visit of George IV. — Terms offered by the insurgents, etc., etc. .. ... 441 XXIX.

Atrocious Murder of Ellen Scanlan, alias Hanly, in the county of Limerick. — Conviction and execution of John Scanlan, the murderer. — Progress of events. — The Insurrection Act. — Local acts, etc. ... 449 L. New and Old Bridges of Limerick Wellesley Bridge Athlunkard Bridge. — Park Bridge. — Ball's Bridge. — Thomond Bridge. — New and Mathew Bridge. — Projected Railroads. — Waterworks. — Barrington's Hospital. — Statistics of Travelling, etc., etc. ... ... 469 LI. The Struggle for Emancipation. — The Clare Election.— Emancipation. — Remarkable Events. — Gunpowder explosion Parliamentary reform. Municipal reform. — Death of William IV. — Proclamation of Queen Victoria. — A General election, etc., etc. ... ... 431 LII. Foundation of two convents in Limerick. — The Temperance Movement. Triumphant visit of Father Mathew. — Great Repeal demonstration, etc. 492 LIII.

Limerick under the Reformed Corporation, etc., etc. ... ... 495 HV. Early Ecclesiastical History of Limerick. — Description and Annals of Mungret.— St. Nessan and his Contemporaries and Successors.— St. CONTENTS. XV Munchin or Manchenus St. Munching Church.— King Donald's Charter, etc., etc. ... ... ... ... 536 LV. The Succession of Bishops.— Donald O'Brien. — St. Mary's Cathedral. — Donald's Establishment of the Chapter.— The Black Book of Limerick. — Inquisition of Meyler Fitz-Henry. — Declarations and resolutions of the chapter, etc. ... ... ... ... 546 LVI. Dealings with the Church possessions.— Taxation of Pope Nicholas.— The taxation attributed to Bishop O'Dea. — Parishes aud patrons, etc., preserved in White's MSS., etc., etc.— The Succession of Bishops, etc. ... 555 LVII. Bishop Cornelius O'Oea. — His mitre, crozier, and seal. — His improvements. — State of affairs in his time. — Grant of Henry VI. to tho citizens. — The Cathedral of St. Mary's. — Monuments and monumental inscriptions. — The bishops in succession.— The " Reformation", etc., etc. 569 XVTII, The Catholic bishops in succession. — Nachten. — Magrath. — Richard Arthur. — Appointment and distribution of preachers by Rinuccini on the restoration of the Cathedral Bishop O'Dwyer's. — Particulars of the atrocities during Ireton's occupation of Limerick. — The monuments in St Mary's cathedral during its occupation by the Protestants. — The Protestant bishops in succession. ... ... ... 587 LIX.

The Catholic bishops in succession. — Dowley. — O'Moloney. — O'Keeffe. — Lacy.— O'Kearney. — Nomination, etc., of the Hon. and Rev. John Butler, S. J^-Conway. — Young.— Tuohy.— Ryan. — Butler. ... 611 LX. The Religious Orders.— Catholic Churches.— Institutions, etc., etc. 642 LXI. Protestant, Anglican, and Dissenting Churches. 684 LXIII. A list of the Provosts, Mayors, Bailiffs, and Sheriffs of the city of Limerick, from the year 1 196, to the yeai 1866, etc ... 690 LXIV. Historical and descriptive notices of remarkable places in the county of Limerick. ... ... ... ... 710 APPENDICES. Appendix A. Principal Charters of Limerick. — Limerick grants, and where to be found, not abstracted. — Charters and Grants of Fairs, etc Catherkenlish, Limerick County, etc. — Charters to Kdmallock Boro'.— Askeaton Boro'. ... ... ... ... 739 Appendix B. Representatives in Parliament for the City of Limerick since a.d. 1559.

Representatives in Parliament for County of Limerick since a.t>. 1585. Representatives in Parliament for Kilmallock from a d. 1583 to the I* mon. Pepresentativts in Parliament for Askeaton from the vear 1613 to the Union. ... ... ..." ... 741 Appendix C. High Sheriffs of the County Limerick since the year 1371. 743 Appendix D. Caherivahala. — Fedamore and Fnarstown. — Hospital. — Raleighstown. — Shanagolden. — Pallaskenrv. — Greane. — Memorial Stones. — Round Towers — The so-called Danish Forts and Tombs of the early Irish. — Fossil Deer. — Crops and climate of Limerick. — The Natural History of Limerick.— The White Knight. ... ... ... 746 Appendix E. Grants under the Commission of Grace. — MSS. Brit.